Puranas - Knowledge

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wives. The son of Bhaya (fear) and Máyá (deceit) was the destroyer of living creatures, or Mrityu (death); and Dukha (pain) was the offspring of Naraka (hell) and Vedaná (torture). The children of Mrityu were Vyádhi (disease), Jará (decay), Soka (sorrow), Trishńa (greediness), and Krodha (wrath). These are all called the inflictors of misery, and are characterised as the progeny of Vice (Adharma). They are all without wives, without posterity, without the faculty to procreate; they perpetually operate as causes of the destruction of this world. On the contrary, Daksha and the other Rishis, the elders of mankind, tend perpetually to influence its renovation: whilst the Manus and their sons, the heroes endowed with mighty power, and treading in the path of truth, as constantly contribute to its preservation.

2280: 1739:. Includes chapters on rivers, geography of Bharat (India) and other nations on earth, types of minerals and stones, testing methods for stones for their quality, various diseases and their symptoms, various medicines, aphrodisiacs, prophylactics, Hindu calendar and its basis, astronomy, moon, planets, astrology, architecture, building home, essential features of a temple, rites of passage, virtues such as compassion, charity and gift making, economy, thrift, duties of a king, politics, state officials and their roles and how to appointment them, genre of literature, rules of grammar, and other topics. The final chapters discuss how to practice 2624:, the Goddess Devi joins the competition and ascends for the position of being Supreme. Further, most Puranas emphasize legends around one who is either Shiva, or Vishnu, or Devi. The texts thus appear to be sectarian. However, states Edwin Bryant, while these legends sometimes appear to be partisan, they are merely acknowledging the obvious question of whether one or the other is more important, more powerful. In the final analysis, all Puranas weave their legends to celebrate pluralism, and accept the other two and all gods in Hindu pantheon as personalized form but equivalent essence of the Ultimate Reality called 6614: 2493: 2407:(devotional) context. Here the Puranic literature follows a general pattern. It starts with an introduction, where a future devotee is described as ignorant about the deity, yet curious. The devotee learns about the deity, and this begins their spiritual realization. The text then describes instances of this deity's grace, which begins to persuade and convert the devotee. The devotee, then, shows devotion, which is rewarded by the deity. The reward is appreciated by the devotee, who, in return, performs further actions to express further devotion. 2676: 3949: 2684:

divergent manuscripts with the same title exist. Scholars have long acknowledged the existence of Purana manuscripts that "seem to differ much from the printed edition", and it is unclear which one is accurate, and whether conclusions drawn from the randomly or cherrypicked printed version were universal over geography or time. This problem is most severe with Purana manuscripts of the same title, but in regional languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, and others which have largely been ignored.

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history, from individual introspective yoga to social celebratory festivals, from temples to pilgrimage, from one god to another, from goddesses to tantra, from the old to the new. These have been dynamic open texts, composed socially, over time. This, states Greg Bailey, may have allowed the Hindu culture to "preserve the old while constantly coming to terms with the new", and "if they are anything, they are records of cultural adaptation and transformation" over the last 2,000 years.

7920: 7930: 7909: 2419:". The story features Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, the three major deities of Hinduism, who get together, debate, and after various versions of the story, the glory of Shiva is established at the end by the apparition of the linga. This story, state Bonnefoy and Doniger, appears in Vayu Purana 1.55, Brahmanda Purana 1.26, Shiva Purana's Rudra Samhita Sristi Khanda 15, Skanda Purana's chapters 1.3, 1.16 and 3.1, and other Puranas. 2667:. More recent scholarship has attempted to, with limited success, states Ludo Rocher, use the Puranas for historical information in combination with independent corroborating evidence, such as "epigraphy, archaeology, Buddhist literature, Jaina literature, non-Puranic literature, Islamic records, and records preserved outside India by travelers to or from India in medieval times such as in China, Myanmar and Indonesia". 2458:(contentment); by Pusht́i (opulence), the progeny was Lobha (cupidity, greed); by Medhá (wisdom, experience), Sruta (sacred tradition); by Kriyá (hard work, labour), the progeny were Dańd́a, Naya, and Vinaya (justice, politics, and education); by Buddhi (intellect), Bodha (understanding); by Lajjá (shame, humility), Vinaya (good behaviour); by Vapu (body, strength), Vyavasaya (perseverance). Shanti (peace) gave birth to 6360: 7940: 2120: 2656:

copied from one generation to another. This paucity tempted 19th-century scholars to use the Puranas as a source of chronological and historical information about India or Hinduism. This effort was, after some effort, either summarily rejected by some scholars, or become controversial, because the Puranas include fables and fiction, and the information within and across the Puranas was found to be inconsistent.

6352: 91: 959:, genealogies of gods, goddesses, kings, heroes, sages, and demigods, folk tales, pilgrimages, temples, medicine, astronomy, grammar, mineralogy, humor, love stories, as well as theology and philosophy. The content is highly inconsistent across the Puranas, and each Purana has survived in numerous manuscripts which are themselves inconsistent. The Hindu Maha Puranas are traditionally attributed to " 2595:

antihistorical" because the Purana texts changed often over time and over distance, and the underlying presumption of them being religious texts is that those changes are "Hinduism expressed by a religious leader or philosopher", or the "expressiveness of Hindu mind", or "society at large", when the texts and passages are literary works and "individual geniuses of their authors".

1475:. Dedicates one chapter each, from Chapters 92 to 109, to summarize the other 17 Maha Puranas and itself. Lists major rivers of India and places of pilgrimage, and a short tour guide for each. Includes discussion of various philosophies, soteriology, planets, astronomy, myths and characteristics of major deities including Vishnu, Shiva, Devi, Krishna, Rama, Lakshmi and others. 982:, they shaped Hinduism more than the Vedas, providing a "culture synthesis" in weaving and integrating the diverse beliefs of a great number of local traditions into the Vedic-Brahmanic fold. While all Puranas praise many gods and goddesses and "their sectarianism is far less clear cut" than assumed, the religious practices included in them are considered 1202:. He points out that even for the better established and more coherent puranas such as Bhagavata and Vishnu, the dates proposed by scholars continue to vary widely and endlessly. The date of the production of the written texts does not define the date of origin of the Puranas. They existed in an oral form before being written down. In the 19th century, 1190:

and expansion of the Puranas did not stop after the Gupta era, and the texts continued to "grow for another five hundred or a thousand years" and these were preserved by priests who maintained Hindu pilgrimage sites and temples. The core of Itihasa-Puranas, states Klaus Klostermaier, may possibly go back to the seventh century BCE or even earlier.

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era, though amendments were made later. Along with inconsistencies, common ideas are found throughout the corpus, but it is not possible to trace the lines of influence of one Purana upon another, so the corpus is best viewed as a synchronous whole. An example of similar stories woven across the Puranas, but in different versions, include the

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in Bhavishya Purana. Further, states Prakash, they dedicated chapters to "secular subjects such as poetics, dramaturgy, grammar, lexicography, astronomy, war, politics, architecture, geography and medicine as in Agni Purana, perfumery and lapidary arts in Garuda Purana, painting, sculpture and other arts in Vishnudharmottara Purana".

2523:(the Hindu epics) and Puranas. The Puranas, states V.S. Agrawala, intend to "explicate, interpret, adapt" the metaphysical truths in the Vedas. In the general opinion, states Rocher, "the Puranas cannot be divorced from the Vedas" though scholars provide different interpretations of the link between the two. Scholars have given the 2689:

considerably in different provinces. Yet, one failed to draw the logical conclusion: besides the version or versions of Puranas that appear in our manuscripts, and fewer still in our editions, there have been numerous other versions, under the same titles, but which either have remained unnoticed or have been irreparably lost.

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Malaviya and VG Rahurkar state the connection is closer in that the Puranas are companion texts to help understand and interpret the Vedas. K.S. Ramaswami Sastri and Manilal N. Dvivedi reflect the third view which states that Puranas enable us to know the "true import of the ethos, philosophy, and religion of the Vedas".

1096:"The rk and saman verses, the chandas, the Purana along with the Yajus formulae, all sprang from the remainder of the sacrificial food, (as also) the demigods that resort to heaven. He changed his place and went over to great direction, and Itihasa and Purana, gathas, verses in praise of heroes followed in going over." 1351:. The north Indian manuscripts of Padma Purana are very different from south Indian versions, and the various recensions in both groups in different languages (Devanagari and Bengali, for example) show major inconsistencies. Like the Skanda Purana, it is a detailed treatise on travel and pilgrimage centers in India. 2541:, are best seen as "vast, often encyclopedic" works from ancient and medieval India. Some of them, such as the Agni Purana and Matsya Purana, cover all sorts of subjects, dealing with – states Rocher – "anything and everything", from fiction to facts, from practical recipes to abstract philosophy, from geographic 2149:

The difference between Upapuranas and Mahapuranas has been explained by Rajendra Hazra: "a Mahapurana is well known, and that what is less well known becomes an Upapurana". Rocher states that the distinction between Mahapurana and Upapurana is ahistorical, since there is little corroborating evidence

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Describes the birth of Skanda (or Karthikeya), son of Shiva. The longest Purana, it is an extraordinarily meticulous pilgrimage guide, containing geographical locations of pilgrimage centers in India, with related legends, parables, hymns and stories. Many untraced quotes are attributed to this text.

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Newly discovered Puranas manuscripts from the medieval centuries have attracted scholarly attention and the conclusion that the Puranic literature has gone through slow redaction and text corruption over time, as well as sudden deletion of numerous chapters and its replacement with new content to an

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Modern scholarship noticed all these facts. It recognized that the extent of the genuine Agni Purana was not the same at all times and in all places and that it varied with the difference in time and locality. (...) This shows that the text of the Devi Purana was not the same everywhere but differed

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These five or ten sections weave in biographies, myths, geography, medicine, astronomy, Hindu temples, pilgrimage to distant real places, rites of passage, charity, ethics, duties, rights, dharma, divine intervention in cosmic and human affairs, love stories, festivals, theosophy and philosophy. The

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Skanda Purana manuscript dated to be from the early 9th century. This discovery established that the Skanda Purana existed by the 9th century. However, a comparison shows that the 9th century document is entirely different from versions of Skanda Purana that have been circulating in South Asia since

4922:, pp. 1–5, 12–21, 79–80, 96–98; Quote: These are the true encyclopedic Puranas. in which detached chapters or sections, dealing with any imaginable subject, follow one another, without connection or transition. Three Puranas especially belong to this category: Matsya, Garuda and above all Agni. 2812:

Om Prakash states the Puranas served as an efficient medium for cultural exchange and popular education in ancient and medieval India. These texts adopted, explained, and integrated regional deities such as Pashupata in Vayu Purana, Sattva in Vishnu Purana, Dattatreya in Markendeya Purana, Bhojakas

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has been dated to be from 810 CE but is entirely different from versions of Skanda Purana that have been circulating in South Asia since the colonial era. Further discoveries of four more manuscripts, each different, suggest that document has gone through major redactions twice, first likely before

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It is related by Savarni to Narada, and centres around the greatness of Krishna and Radha. In this, the story of Brahma-varaha is repeatedly told. Notable for asserting that Krishna is the supreme reality and the gods Vishnu, Shiva, Brahma are incarnations of him. Mentions geography and rivers such

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The Bhavishya Purana (Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, lit. "Future Purana") is one of the eighteen major works in the Purana genre of Hinduism, written in Sanskrit.The title Bhavishya means "future" and implies it is a work that contains prophecies regarding the future, however, the "prophecy" parts of the extant

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circles". The original Puranas comes from the priestly roots while the later genealogies have the warrior and epic roots. These texts were collected for the "second time between the fourth and sixth centuries CE under the rule of the Gupta kings", a period of Hindu renaissance. However, the editing

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and Cornelia Dimmitt, the Puranas that have survived into the modern era are ancient but represent "an amalgam of two somewhat different but never entirely different separate oral literatures: the Brahmin tradition stemming from the reciters of the Vedas, and the bardic poetry recited by Sutas that

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The Puranas, states Flood, document the rise of the theistic traditions such as those based on Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess Devi and include respective mythology, pilgrimage to holy places, rituals and genealogies. The bulk of these texts, in Flood's view, were established by 500 CE, in the Gupta

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As they exist today, the Puranas are stratified literature. Each titled work consists of material that has grown by numerous accretions in successive historical eras. Thus no Purana has a single date of composition. (...) It is as if they were libraries to which new volumes have been continuously

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The wife of Adharma (vice, wrong, evil) was Hinsá (violence), on whom he begot a son Anrita (falsehood), and a daughter Nikriti (immorality): they intermarried, and had two sons, Bhaya (fear) and Naraka (hell); and twins to them, two daughters, Máyá (deceit) and Vedaná (torture), who became their

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Marinas Poullé (Mariyadas Pillai) published a French translation from a Tamil version of the Bhagavata Purana in 1788, and this was widely distributed in Europe becoming an introduction to the 18th-century Hindu culture and Hinduism to many Europeans during the colonial era. Poullé republished a

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Despite the diversity and wealth of manuscripts from ancient and medieval India that have survived into the modern times, there is a paucity of historical data in them. Neither the author name nor the year of their composition were recorded or preserved, over the centuries, as the documents were

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The most significant influence of the Puranas genre of Indian literature has been, stated scholars and particularly Indian scholars, in "culture synthesis", in weaving and integrating the diverse beliefs from ritualistic rites of passage to Vedantic philosophy, from fictional legends to factual

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One of the most studied and circulated Puranas, it also contains genealogical details of various dynasties. Better preserved after the 17th century, but exists in inconsistent versions, more ancient pre-15th century versions are very different from modern versions, with some versions discussing

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The study of Puranas as religious texts remains a controversial subject. Some Indologists, in the colonial tradition of scholarship, treat the Puranic texts as scriptures, or as useful sources of religious contents. Other scholars, such as Ronald Inden, consider this approach "essentialist and

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Some scholars such as Govinda Das suggest that the Puranas claim a link to the Vedas but in name only, not in substance. The link is purely a mechanical one. Scholars such as Viman Chandra Bhattacharya and PV Kane state that the Puranas are a continuation and development of the Vedas. Sudhakar

1735:. Cosmology, Describes cosmology, relationship between gods. Discusses ethics, what are crimes, good versus evil, various schools of Hindu philosophies, the theory of Yoga, the theory of "heaven and hell" with "karma and rebirth", includes Upanishadic discussion of self-knowledge as a means of 1543:

and neighboring states), cultural history, politics, education system, iconography, taxation theories, organization of army, theories on proper causes for war, diplomacy, local laws, building public projects, water distribution methods, trees and plants, medicine, Vastu Shastra (architecture),

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The Puranic literature, suggests Khanna, influenced "acculturation and accommodation" of a diversity of people, with different languages and from different economic classes, across different kingdoms and traditions, catalyzing the syncretic "cultural mosaic of Hinduism". They helped influence

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The study of Puranas manuscripts has been challenging because they are highly inconsistent. This is true for all Mahapuranas and Upapuranas. Most editions of Puranas, in use particularly by Western scholars, are "based on one manuscript or on a few manuscripts selected at random", even though

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scholars who introduced a distorted picture of Indian literature and Puranas as "sacred scriptures of India" in 1767. Holwell, states Urs App, "presented it as the opinion of knowledgeable Indians; But it is abundantly clear that no knowledgeable Indian would ever have said anything remotely

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3.7 describes the meeting between the Buddha and Sela. It has been translated by Mills and Sujato as, "(...) the brahmin Sela was visiting Āpaṇa. He was an expert in the three Vedas, with the etymologies, the rituals, the phonology and word analysis, and fifthly the legendary

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published one of the earliest English translations of one version of the Vishnu Purana in 1840. The same manuscript, and Wilson's translation, was reinterpreted by Manmatha Nath Dutt and published in 1896. The All India Kashiraj Trust has published editions of the Puranas.

2252:, the son of Shiva and Uma, and the brother of the deity Ganesha. The mythological part of the text weaves together the stories of Shiva and Vishnu, along with those featuring Parvati, Rama, Krishna and other major gods in the Hindu pantheon. In Chapter 1.8, it declares, 2716:

Rocher states that the date of the composition of each Purana remains a contested issue. Dimmitt and van Buitenen state that each of the Puranas manuscripts is encyclopedic in style, and it is difficult to ascertain when, where, why and by whom these were written:

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the 12th century, and the second very large change sometime in the 15th-16th century for unknown reasons. The different versions of manuscripts of Skanda Purana suggest that "minor" redactions, interpolations, and corruption of the ideas in the text over time.

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as the arranger of already existing material into eighteen Puranas. In the early references, states Coburn, the term Purana occurs in singular unlike the later era which refers to a plural form presumably because they had assumed their "multifarious form".

2636:, or power of the male divinity. The term monotheism, if applied to the Puranic tradition, needs to be understood in the context of a supreme being, whether understood as Vishnu, Shiva or Devi, who can manifest himself or herself as other supreme beings. 2619:

Scholars have debated whether the Puranas should be categorized as sectarian, or non-partisan, or monotheistic religious texts. Different Puranas describe a number of stories where Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva compete for supremacy. In some Puranas, such as

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manuscripts are a modern era addition and hence not an integral part of the Bhavishya Purana.Those sections of the surviving manuscripts that are dated to be older, are partly borrowed from other Indian texts such as Brihat Samhita and Shamba Purana.

912:) are a vast genre of Hindu literature about a wide range of topics, particularly about legends and other traditional lore. The Puranas are known for the intricate layers of symbolism depicted within their stories. Composed originally in 1141:' was employed in the texts, a class of works was meant. Further, despite the mention of the term Purana or Puranas in the Vedic texts, there is uncertainty about the contents of them until the composition of the oldest Dharmashastra 1133:(II.10) uses the term in the plural. Therefore, states Kane, that in the later Vedic period at least, the Puranas referred to three or more texts, and that they were studied and recited. In numerous passages the Mahabharata mentions ' 2891:

Like all Puranas, this text underwent extensive revisions and rewrite in its history; the extant manuscripts are predominantly an encyclopedia, and so secular in its discussions of gods and goddesses that scholars have classified as

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Ludo Rocher, in his review of Puranas as sectarian texts, states, "even though the Puranas contain sectarian materials, their sectarianism should not be interpreted as exclusivism in favor of one god to the detriment of all others".

2512:, is independent, has changed often over its history, and has little relation to the Vedic age or the Vedic literature. In contrast, Purana literature is evidently intended to serve as a complement to the Vedas, states Vans Kennedy. 1338:

A large compilation of diverse topics, it describes cosmology, the world and nature of life from the perspective of Vishnu. It also discusses festivals, numerous legends, geography of rivers and regions from northwest India to

1447:, and of Vaishnavism. It contains genealogical details of various dynasties. Numerous inconsistent versions of this text and historical manuscripts exist, in many Indian languages. Influential and elaborated during 974:(Minor Puranas), with over 400,000 verses. The first versions of various Puranas were likely to have been composed between 3rd and 10th century CE. While the Puranas do not enjoy the authority of a scripture in 1171:

According to Thomas Coburn, Puranas and early extra-puranic texts attest to two traditions regarding their origin, one proclaiming a divine origin as the breath of the Great Being, the other as a human named

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An encyclopedia of diverse topics. Primarily about Vishnu, but praises all gods. Describes how Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma collaborate. Many chapters are a dialogue between Vishnu and the bird-vehicle

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and do not have scripture or quasi-canonical status in Jainism tradition. They are best described, states John Cort, as post-scripture literary corpus based upon themes found in Jain scriptures.

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sections or travel guide to Mathura and Nepal. Presentation focuses on Varaha as incarnation of Narayana, but rarely uses the terms Krishna or Vasudeva. Many illustrations also involve Shiva and

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or the major Puranas. These are said to be eighteen in number, divided into three groups of six, though they are not always counted in the same way. The list of Mahapuranas is mentioned in the

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The relation of the Puranas with Vedas has been debated by scholars, some holding that there's no relationship, others contending that they are identical. The Puranic literature, stated

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Sometimes also called Adi Purana, because many Mahapuranas lists put it first of 18. The text has 245 chapters, shares many passages with Vishnu, Vayu, Markendeya Puranas, and with the

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The colonial-era scholars of Puranas studied them primarily as religious texts, with Vans Kennedy declaring in 1837 that any other use of these documents would be disappointing.

4082: 4899: 4897: 4894: 2628:. The Puranas are not spiritually partisan, states Bryant, but "accept and indeed extol the transcendent and absolute nature of the other, and of the Goddess Devi too". 1763:, law codes, system of governance, administration, diplomacy, trade, ethics. Old manuscripts of Brahmanda Purana have been found in the Hindu literature collections of 2549:. However, some of the 36 major and minor Puranas are more focused handbooks, such as the Skanda Purana, Padma Purana and Bhavishya Purana, which deal primarily with 963:", but many scholars considered them likely the work of many authors over the centuries; in contrast, most Jaina Puranas can be dated and their authors assigned. 1125:

is the Veda, this it is" (XIII.4.3.13). However, states P.V. Kane, it is not certain whether these texts suggested several works or a single work with the term

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A Whitney Sanford (2006), Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity (Editor: Guy Beck), State University of New York Press,

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or copied during the British India colonial era, some in the 19th century. The scholarship on various Puranas, has suffered from frequent forgeries, states

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Patton, Laurie L.(1994), Authority, Anxiety, and Canon: Essays in Vedic Interpretation SUNY Series in Hindu Studies, State University of New York Press,

2545:(travel guides) to cosmetics, from festivals to astronomy. Like encyclopedias, they were updated to remain current with their times, by a process called 3117:

John Cort (1993), Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts (Editor: Wendy Doniger), State University of New York Press,

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This text underwent a near complete rewrite in or after 15th/16th century CE, and almost all extant manuscripts are Vaishnava (Krishna) bhakti oriented.

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This text is named after a Vishnu avatar, but extant manuscripts praise all gods and goddesses equally with some versions focusing more on Shiva.

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I want to stress the fact that it would be irresponsible and highly misleading to speak of or pretend to describe the religion of the Puranas.

2462:(forgiveness); Siddhi (excellence) to Sukha (enjoyment); and Kírtti (glorious speech) gave birth to Yasha (reputation). These were the sons of 1077:, who in turn imparted it to his disciples, three of whom compiled their own samhitas. These three, together with Lomaharshana's, comprise the 1347:, major sages of India, various Avatars of Vishnu and his cooperation with Shiva, a story of Rama-Sita that is different from the Hindu epic 3427: 8823: 7976: 4836: 4797: 3770: 3171: 2632:

merely affirm that the other deity is to be considered a derivative manifestation of their respective deity, or in the case of Devi, the

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that either were more or less known, and that "the term Mahapurana occurs rarely in Purana literature, and is probably of late origin."

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Buddhism and Jainism. Some chapters likely composed in Kashmir and Punjab region of South Asia. A Vaishnavism text, focused on Vishnu.

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in 1767, described the Puranas as "18 books of divine words". British officials and researchers such as Holwell, states Urs App, were

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Tracy Pintchman (2005), Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares, State University of New York Press,

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extent that the currently circulating Puranas are entirely different from those that existed before 11th century, or 16th century.

2663:, Andhra Pradesh. Basham, as well as Kosambi, have questioned whether lack of inconsistency is sufficient proof of reliability and 813: 1928:

The Puranas have also been classified based on a specific deity, although the texts are mixed and revere all gods and goddesses:

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Rajendra Hazra (1956), Discovery of the genuine Agneya-purana, Journal of the Oriental Institute Baroda, Vol. 4-5, pages 411-416

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river. Includes legends about Brahma and Saraswati. It also contains a controversial genealogical details of various dynasties.

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as an example of the links and continuity of the Vedic content, such as its providing an interpretation of the Gayatri mantra.

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Several Puranas, such as the Matsya Purana, list "five characteristics" or "five signs" of a Purana. These are called the

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R Andriaensen et al. (1994), Towards a critical edition of the Skandapurana, Indo-Iranian Journal, Vol. 37, pages 325-331

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Beck, Guy. "Two braj-bhāṣā versions of the Rāsa-Līlā pañcādhyāyī and their musical performance in Vaiṣṇava worship". In

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One of the earliest composed Puranas, it contains a controversial genealogical details of various dynasties. Includes

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Wilczewska, Ilona. ""Live with the text and listen to its words" : Bhāgavata recitation in changing times". In

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A few Puranas, such as the most popular Bhagavata Purana, add five more characteristics to expand this list to ten:

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Kengo Harimoto (2004), in Origin and Growth of the Purāṇic Text Corpus (Editor: Hans Bakker), Motilal Banarsidass,

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BN Krishnamurti Sharma (2008), A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Motilal Banarsidass,

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In early 20th-century, some regional records were found to be more consistent, such as for the Hindu dynasties in

2553:(pilgrimage travel guides). while Vayu Purana and Brahmanda Purana focus more on history, mythology and legends. 2279: 7969: 7825: 7356: 3011: 8024: 4502:

Edelmann, Jonathan. "Dialogues on natural theology: the Bhāgavata Purāṇa's cosmology as religious practice". In

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Gupta, Gopal. ""Many calamities befall us at every step": the Bhāgavata's response to the problem of evil". In

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The texts use ideas, concepts and even names that are symbolic. The words can interpreted literally, and at an

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The cultural influence of the Puranas extended to Indian classical arts, such as songs, dance culture such as

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The Strides of Vishnu : Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective

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Schweig, Graham. "The Rāsa-Līlā of Krishna and the Gopīs: on the Bhāgavata's vision of boundless love". In

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Schweig, Graham. "The Rāsa-Līlā of Krishna and the Gopīs: on the Bhāgavata's vision of boundless love". In

4187: 2422:

The texts are in Sanskrit as well as regional languages, and almost entirely in narrative metric couplets.

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The myths, lunar calendar schedule, rituals, and celebrations of major Hindu cultural festivities such as

2266:

The Skanda Purana has received renewed scholarly interest ever since the late 20th century discovery of a

9450: 7847: 4246: 4208: 3497:

Thomas Colburn (2002), Devī-māhātmya: The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition, Motilal Banarsidass,

1426:(books), however the Purana adds that it was abridged by sage Vyasa before being taught to Romaharshana. 531: 8597: 2450:(desire); by Lakshmí (wealth, prosperity), was born Darpa (pride); by Dhriti (courage), the progeny was 1687:

Contains a combination of Vishnu and Shiva related legends, mythology, Tirtha (pilgrimage) and theology

9595: 8687: 8582: 7962: 7874: 7366: 6943: 6399: 6372: 2158:

are eighteen in number, with disagreement as to which canonical titles belong in that list of eighteen.

769: 570: 8542: 6018:

The Triumph of the Goddess – The Canonical Models and Theological Visions of the DevI-BhAgavata PuraNa

5318: 4066: 2111:

consider it an Upapurana. There are discussions on whether the Devi Bhagavata Purana is a Mahapurana.

8863: 8449: 8019: 7894: 6820: 6334: 5358:(1968), Tamil Studies in French Indology, in Tamil Studies Abroad, Xavier S Thani Nayagam, pages 1-14 1540: 6473: 9202: 8503: 8486: 8083: 7688: 7346: 7270: 6976: 6758: 6733: 6308: 6061: 4229: 2952:

This text includes the famous Devi-Mahatmya, one of the most important Goddess-related text of the

1322:, and weaves themes of Vishnu and Shiva, but hardly any mention of deity Brahma despite the title. 882: 694: 689: 254: 234: 8547: 6508: 5184:

Dominic Goodall (2009), Parākhyatantram, Vol 98, Publications de l'Institut Français d'Indologie,

1773:

The Puranas, according to Flood, have traditionally been classified according to three qualities (

9258: 9229: 8763: 8743: 8433: 8125: 7524: 7384: 7055: 6595: 6538: 4906:, p. 146, Quote: The earliest promotional works aimed at tourists from that era were called 4193: 2965:

There are only four Vedas in Hinduism. Several texts have been claimed to have the status of the

1210:, based on her study of indologists, assigns approximate dates to the various Puranas. She dates 1165: 792: 674: 625: 20: 7419: 9308: 9043: 9008: 8444: 8169: 7867: 7820: 7030: 6753: 6155: 5896: 4214: 3986: 3533: 2562: 2015: 1871: 1569: 1279:, part 3, chapter 6, verses 21–24. The number of verses in each Mahapurana is mentioned in the 600: 394: 259: 8460: 6319: 4820: 4781: 3754: 3155: 2679:

An 11th-century Nepalese palm-leaf manuscript in Sanskrit of Devimahatmya (Markandeya Purana).

9469: 8221: 7889: 7842: 7815: 7778: 7035: 6113: 5038:

Edwin Bryant (2003), Krishna: The Beautiful Legend of God: Srimad Bhagavata Purana, Penguin,

4160: 3792: 3374: 3214: 2728: 2621: 2088: 1975: 1181: 1143: 605: 506: 7351: 5646: 5512: 5371:

Zubko, Katherine. "Krishna come soon: Bharata Natyam and the Bhāgavata Purāṇa on stage". In

2603:

The Jaina Puranas are like Hindu Puranas encyclopedic epics in style, and are considered as

2504:. The legend behind the Krishna and Gopis relief above is described in the Bhagavata Purana. 1137:' in both singular and plural forms. Moreover, it is not unlikely that, where the singular ' 9590: 9462: 9302: 8607: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7773: 7250: 6743: 6728: 6380: 6327: 5403:

R Champakalakshmi (2012), Cultural History of Medieval India (Editor: M Khanna), Berghahn,

5122: 4657:

Sara Schastok (1997), The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India, BRILL,

2760: 2745: 2480: 1797:), with each quality having six puranas focused, but not exclusively, upon a single deity. 679: 244: 201: 74: 8263: 4328:

Sankaranarayana, T.N. "Verbal Narratives: Performance and Gender of the Padma Purana". In

3707: 8: 9521: 9456: 9393: 9338: 8953: 8893: 8667: 8241: 8165: 7999: 7912: 7879: 7758: 7649: 7584: 7434: 7293: 7173: 7045: 6873: 6810: 6763: 6303: 6253: 4674:

Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna : A Sourcebook: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press,

3920:

A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature

3647: 1760: 1711:

of Vishnu. Likely composed in west India, by people aware of geographical details of the

1206:

believed the "original Purana" may date to the time of the final redaction of the Vedas.

1157: 1149: 898: 615: 215: 111: 8828: 8562: 8088: 6562: 6422: 301: 9528: 8467: 8278: 8108: 7714: 7673: 6965: 6778: 6723: 5927:

Rao, Velcheru Narayana (1993). "Purana as Brahminic Ideology". In Doniger Wendy (ed.).

4883: 4875: 2577:

Modern scholarship doubts this 19th-century premise. Ludo Rocher, for example, states,

1890: 1793: 917: 585: 311: 278: 196: 8808: 8478: 8311: 6938: 6913: 5900: 2091:, which Srivastava says both are called Mahapuranas in Sanskrit literature, where the 1743:(Samkhya and Advaita types), personal development and the benefits of self-knowledge. 9550: 9444: 8858: 8838: 8793: 8662: 8439: 8415: 8408: 7985: 7929: 7923: 7803: 7793: 7659: 7594: 6987: 6928: 6783: 6773: 6160: 6040: 6021: 5993: 5956: 5932: 5915: 5882: 5863: 5830: 5811: 5781: 5762: 5743: 5724: 5705: 5674: 5653: 5630: 5591: 5570: 5539: 5518: 5490: 5473: 5426: 5404: 5286: 5205: 5185: 5078: 5056: 5039: 4979: 4962: 4887: 4826: 4787: 4748: 4692: 4675: 4658: 4413: 4384: 4256: 4252: 4166: 4044: 3924: 3798: 3760: 3498: 3466: 3380: 3313: 3296: 3220: 3161: 3118: 3052: 3007: 3003: 2675: 2492: 2256:

Vishnu is nobody but Shiva, and he who is called Shiva is but identical with Vishnu.

2099:, and Aditya Upa Purana admit the Devi Bhagavata Purana as a Mahapurana, whereas the 2071: 1979: 1875: 1483: 1211: 908: 869: 684: 654: 620: 558: 399: 283: 273: 9123: 8158: 7394: 6444: 3568: 3566: 9585: 9425: 9063: 8697: 8632: 8420: 8354: 8283: 8064: 8056: 7664: 7574: 7465: 7065: 7060: 7025: 7000: 6886: 6843: 6530: 6390: 6288: 6180: 6165: 6150: 6106: 5914:. Original publisher Oxford University Press, London. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass. 4867: 3370: 2893: 2864:

Six disciples: Sumati, Agnivarchaha, Mitrayu, Shamshapyana, Akritaverna and Savarni

2525: 2169: 2084: 2075: 2059: 2031: 1983: 1879: 1867: 1830: 1751: 1552: 1435: 1280: 1238: 1161: 1041: 839: 759: 709: 630: 595: 423: 404: 389: 341: 9514: 8642: 6848: 5282:

Scottish Orientalists and India: The Muir Brothers, Religion, Education and Empire

3514: 3330: 2459: 2248:

The Skanda Purana is the largest Purana with 81,000 verses, named after the deity

346: 9535: 9482: 9413: 9277: 9238: 9013: 8883: 8758: 8657: 8333: 8251: 8226: 8148: 7933: 7798: 7751: 7733: 7683: 7617: 7599: 7542: 7492: 7311: 7215: 7088: 7050: 7020: 6858: 6748: 6587: 6580: 6427: 6185: 5950: 5848: 5841: 5798:

History of Dharmasastra (Ancient and mediaeval Religious and Civil Law), Vol. 5.2

5668: 5585: 5533: 5280: 5129: 4645: 4359: 4086: 3918: 3563: 3521: 3460: 3337: 3046: 2470:(love, emotional fulfillment) had baby Hersha (joy) by his wife Nandi (delight). 2039: 1838: 1448: 987: 749: 729: 704: 428: 356: 249: 9103: 8174: 6513: 2355:: Accounts of royal dynasties, including the Suryavamshi and Chandravamshi kings 9501: 9368: 9225: 9088: 9038: 9028: 8677: 8572: 8454: 8397: 8367: 8236: 8009: 7768: 7704: 7547: 6891: 6768: 6738: 6573: 6283: 6263: 6080: 5355: 4638: 2822: 2797: 2224: 2219: 1203: 1026: 951:

The Puranic literature is encyclopedic, and it includes diverse topics such as

739: 519: 239: 220: 9073: 8258: 8189: 6437: 2565:, who from 1732 onwards spent 30 years in India and was elected Fellow of the 9579: 9331: 9324: 9316: 9284: 9246: 8537: 8510: 8373: 8360: 8347: 8301: 8246: 7884: 7788: 7567: 7341: 7079: 6970: 6881: 6815: 6278: 6273: 6225: 6215: 6200: 6190: 6175: 6170: 6145: 5617: 2971: 2788: 2566: 2538: 2435: 2197: 2183: 2136: 2104: 2096: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2043: 2035: 2027: 1987: 1959: 1916: 1908: 1883: 1863: 1846: 1834: 1826: 1723: 1695: 1659: 1642: 1618: 1544:

gemology, grammar, metrics, poetry, food, rituals and numerous other topics.

1516: 1492: 1459: 1359: 1306: 1276: 1242: 1234: 1222: 1207: 754: 744: 719: 714: 669: 482: 458: 448: 443: 433: 418: 384: 306: 8115: 4961:

Urs App (2010), The Birth of Orientalism, University of Pennsylvania Press,

4942: 4940: 3625: 3279: 3277: 3275: 1198:

It is not possible to set a specific date for any Purana as a whole, states

9476: 9436: 9296: 9271: 9083: 8983: 8968: 8702: 8532: 8340: 8273: 8153: 8133: 8014: 7439: 7404: 7301: 6918: 6298: 6293: 6268: 6235: 6230: 6210: 6195: 5919: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3157:

Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom: The Universal Hindu Vision and Its Edifice

2878: 2641:

Edwin Bryant, Krishna: The Beautiful Legend of God: Srimad Bhagavata Purana

2501: 2202: 2108: 2100: 2067: 2003: 1999: 1963: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1842: 1679: 1594: 1386: 1376: 1330: 1250: 1246: 1101: 724: 659: 580: 477: 472: 453: 438: 8103: 6074: 5985: 5622: 4783:

Between Jerusalem and Benares: Comparative Studies in Judaism and Hinduism

4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4043:

Catherine Ludvik (2007), Sarasvatī, Riverine Goddess of Knowledge, BRILL,

3988:

The Vishṅu Purāṅa: a system of Hindu mythology and tradition Volume 1 of 4

3295:

Dominic Goodall (1996), Hindu Scriptures, University of California Press,

2349:: cosmic cycles, the history of the world during the time of one patriarch 2308: 1779:) which are inherent in existence, namely the quality of light or purity ( 1268: 889: 9379: 9362: 9194: 9163: 9053: 9033: 8803: 8627: 8587: 8577: 8379: 8194: 8078: 7746: 7579: 7507: 7497: 7409: 7399: 7374: 7015: 7010: 6901: 6695: 6679: 6622: 6557: 6493: 6220: 6205: 5946: 5103: 4937: 3524:, To Sela and his Praise of the Buddha, Laurence Mills and Bhikkhu Sujato 3272: 2975:, a Sanskrit text on the performing arts, is sometimes given this status. 2901: 2773: 2749: 2708:

For example, a newly discovered palm-leaf manuscript of Skanda Purana in

2664: 2608: 2586: 2570: 2446:

by the daughters of Daksha were as follows: by Sraddhá (devotion) he had

2092: 2047: 1947: 1920: 1668: 1531: 1511:. Named after sage Markandeya, a student of Brahma. Contains chapters on 1504: 1315: 1226: 1199: 1065: 610: 590: 538: 492: 487: 144: 82: 8998: 5929:

Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts

3719: 986:(congruent with Vedic literature). The Puranic literature wove with the 9557: 9356: 9113: 9093: 9003: 8958: 8933: 8873: 8868: 8818: 8738: 8712: 8647: 8473: 8426: 8231: 8179: 7644: 7612: 7557: 7414: 7123: 6960: 6933: 6715: 6488: 5759:

Querying the Medieval: Texts and the History of Practices in South Asia

4879: 4717: 4128: 3794:

The Cosmology of the Bhagavata Purana 'Mysteries of the Sacred Universe

3193: 3191: 3189: 2966: 2846: 2509: 2288: 764: 186: 173: 8403: 5091: 4978:

Jan Gonda (1975), Selected Studies: Indo-European linguistics, BRILL,

3536:

2.4.10, 4.1.2, 4.5.11. Satapatha Brahmana (SBE, Vol. 44, pp. 98, 369).

1164:

as "the corpus of histories and ancient tales as the fifth Veda". The

9507: 9493: 9138: 8973: 8798: 8773: 8692: 8652: 8637: 8592: 8390: 8184: 7763: 7552: 7502: 7475: 7424: 7389: 7379: 7331: 7230: 7198: 7143: 7040: 6995: 6669: 6245: 5859: 2826: 2660: 2370:

links between the deities, sages, kings and the various living beings

2340: 2331: 2321: 2249: 2144: 2132: 2022: 1230: 1186: 956: 952: 734: 664: 565: 139: 8138: 7954: 5244: 5242: 4761: 3186: 9350: 9133: 9023: 8963: 8913: 8908: 8753: 8748: 8707: 8672: 8622: 8557: 8552: 8306: 8143: 7808: 7627: 7622: 7512: 7449: 7429: 7260: 7096: 6923: 6896: 6863: 6805: 6705: 6700: 6674: 6599: 6483: 6355: 5227: 4871: 4607: 4605: 4440: 4438: 2953: 2905: 2897: 2874: 2455: 2431: 2296: 2292: 2128: 1775: 1607: 1520: 1422:

asserts that it once consisted of 100,000 verses set out in twelve

1405: 1401: 1397: 1348: 1015: 975: 941: 937: 913: 526: 361: 168: 163: 134: 90: 9143: 6637: 5721:

Viraha-Bhakti – The Early History of Krsna Devotion in South India

1539:

Contains encyclopedic information. Includes geography of Mithila (

1266:

Of the many texts designated 'Puranas' the most important are the

1156:

Another early mention of the term 'Itihas-purana' is found in the

100: 9153: 9148: 9128: 9068: 9058: 9048: 8988: 8938: 8928: 8853: 8843: 8833: 8778: 8612: 8492: 8216: 8093: 8068: 8004: 7709: 7562: 7480: 7470: 7245: 7235: 7208: 7203: 7193: 7148: 7133: 7128: 6853: 6838: 6830: 6797: 6664: 6567: 6542: 6518: 6417: 6407: 5627:

Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts

5239: 2625: 2237: 1712: 1508: 1496: 1472: 1443:

The most studied and popular of the Puranas, telling of Vishnu's

1423: 1413: 1344: 998:

scholars have commented on the underlying Vedantic themes in the

995: 945: 699: 643: 351: 336: 329: 158: 129: 8878: 6503: 6359: 5532:

Bailey, Gregory (2003). "The Puranas". In Sharma, Arvind (ed.).

4602: 4435: 4394: 4104: 3551: 2119: 9419: 9407: 9344: 9264: 9158: 9108: 9098: 8993: 8978: 8898: 8888: 8848: 8788: 8783: 8768: 8733: 8682: 8602: 8268: 8098: 8039: 7741: 7719: 7532: 7485: 7444: 7326: 7316: 7255: 7163: 7106: 7101: 6955: 6642: 6478: 6464: 6449: 6349: 2842: 2809:

cultural pluralism in India and are a literary record thereof.

2614: 2497: 2463: 2451: 2443: 2404: 2389: 1970: 1954: 1858: 1821: 1816: 1781: 1736: 1732: 1708: 1704: 1603: 1583: 1512: 1444: 1392: 1340: 1319: 1088:

appears in the Vedic texts. For example, Atharva Veda mentions

991: 979: 933: 925: 920:

Indian languages, several of these texts are named after major

774: 105: 4858:

Bolle, Kee (Winter 1963). "Reflections on a Puranic Passage".

2722:

added, not necessarily at the end of the shelf, but randomly.

9401: 9290: 9252: 9173: 9168: 9078: 8948: 8903: 8813: 8617: 8567: 8516: 8497: 8073: 8034: 7637: 7632: 7336: 7306: 7240: 7220: 7158: 7138: 7111: 6950: 6652: 6552: 6498: 6454: 6432: 5384: 5382: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 2793: 2709: 2416: 2403:

Puranas link gods to men, both generally and in a religious,

2367: 2267: 2124: 2010: 1994: 1895: 1853: 1787: 1631: 1579: 1500: 1409: 1408:

literature corpus. It primarily centers around the Hindu god

1173: 1113:(as one compound word) and recommends that on the 9th day of 1060: 960: 929: 921: 854: 647: 122: 5123:

Historicity of the Indian mythology : Some observations

4538: 4536: 4534: 4234:. Vol. 2. Calcutta: Sanskrit College. pp. 337–341. 3674: 3672: 3659: 3657: 3262: 3260: 9178: 8943: 8923: 8029: 7678: 7607: 7589: 7537: 7321: 7265: 7225: 7185: 7168: 7153: 7118: 6547: 6459: 5587:

Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas

5259: 5257: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 4707: 4705: 3578: 3376:

Devī-Māhātmya: The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition

3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 2838: 2733:

Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas

2467: 2447: 1942: 1764: 1740: 1468: 860: 19:

This article is about the Hindu texts. For other uses, see

6098: 5379: 5154: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3128: 1153:, which mention Puranas that resemble the extant Puranas. 845: 6351: 5740:

Studies in the Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs

4531: 4140: 4116: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3898: 3862: 3838: 3669: 3654: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3539: 3257: 1703:

An encyclopedia of diverse topics. Narrates the story of

5879:

Professor Kane's contribution to Dharmasastra literature

5254: 5135: 5001: 4745:

Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture

4702: 4590: 4578: 4092: 4006: 3348: 3346: 3017: 6412: 5425:

Om Prakash (2004), Cultural History of India, New Age,

5013: 4989: 4925: 4274: 4272: 4018: 3874: 3684: 3433: 3405: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 2487: 1495:

and western India. Probably composed in the valleys of

1109:

Similarly, the Shatapatha Brahmana (XI.5.6.8) mentions

1010:

Douglas Harper states that the etymological origins of

6077:, Volume 2, MN Dutt (Translator), Hathi Trust Archives 5702:

The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and Living Tradition

5337: 5285:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 130, 128–134, 87–90. 5215: 4822:

Communication Theory: Eastern and Western Perspectives

4483: 3961: 3590: 2283:

The Puranas include cosmos creation myths such as the

1081:, from which the later eighteen Puranas were derived. 887: 4471: 4459: 4336: 4312:

Studies in Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs

3886: 3343: 3245: 1606:, symbol of Shiva, and origin of the universe as per 857: 4432:

Shankara Samhita Part 1, Verses 1.8.20-21 (Sanskrit)

4316:

The Puranas – A History of Indian Literature Vol. II

4284: 4269: 3462:

The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text and Translation

3077: 2800:(above) is inspired in part by the Bhagavata Purana. 2519:

Barbara Holdrege questions the fifth Veda status of

1626:

Primarily Vishnu-related worship manual, with large

851: 842: 6613: 5583: 5248: 5055:EO James (1997), The Tree of Life, BRILL Academic, 4818: 3572: 3557: 3197: 2287:(churning of the ocean). It is represented in the 1515:and on Hindu epic Mahabharata. The Purana includes 940:. The Puranic genre of literature is found in both 848: 5931:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. 5645: 5366: 5364: 5274: 5272: 5180: 5178: 4519: 2425: 5584:Dimmitt, Cornelia; van Buitenen, J.A.B. (2012) . 5200: 5198: 4379: 4377: 3850: 2083:Two puranas have "Bhagavata" in their names, the 9577: 5808:Chanted Narratives – The Katha Vachana Tradition 5278: 5072: 4780:Barbara Holdrege (2012). Hananya Goodman (ed.). 4779: 4742: 4412:Gregor Maehle (2009), Ashtanga Yoga, New World, 3458: 3369: 2792:The Puranas have had a large cultural impact on 1467:Also called Naradiya Purana. Discusses the four 5895: 5564: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5361: 5269: 5175: 4611: 4400: 4327: 4189:An outline of the religious literature of India 4061: 4059: 4057: 3829: 3784: 3216:The Iconography and Ritual of Śiva at Elephanta 2776:. A copy of Poullé translation is preserved in 2744:Many of the extant manuscripts were written on 2496:The mythology in the Puranas has inspired many 2236:The Ganesha and Mudgala Puranas are devoted to 1121:priest should narrate some Purana because "the 5700:Gupta, Ravi and Valpey, Kenneth, eds. (2013). 5511:Bailey, Gregory (2001). Leaman, Oliver (ed.). 5195: 5132:, Man in India, Vol. 80, No. 1-2, pages 89-106 4374: 4318:, fasc. 3, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986. 3797:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 10. 3716:, pp. 281-283 with footnotes on page 553. 2650: 874: 9210: 7970: 6335: 6114: 4383:Stephen Knapp (2005), The Heart of Hinduism, 3756:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z 3365: 3363: 3361: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 2556: 814: 5824: 5629:. Albany, NY: State University of New York. 5414: 5399: 5397: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 4054: 3713: 3584: 3147: 3004:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature 2796:, from festivals to diverse arts. The dance 2615:Sectarian, pluralistic or monotheistic theme 1092:(in the singular) in XI.7.24 and XV.6.10-11: 64:Purana manuscripts from 15th to 19th century 5699: 5459: 5444: 5372: 4625: 4571: 4556: 4503: 4165:. New Delhi: Hindoology Books. p. 55. 3916: 3759:, The Rosen Publishing Group, p. 760, 3208: 3206: 2829:in northeast India, plays and recitations. 2607:(expositions), but they are not considered 2532: 1671:, particularly Himalayan foothills region. 1168:also refers to purana as the "fifth Veda". 9224: 9217: 9203: 7977: 7963: 6342: 6328: 6121: 6107: 5457: 4957: 4955: 4206: 4158: 3910: 3752: 3358: 3098: 2929:Hazra includes this in Vaishnava category. 2768:different translation of the same text as 821: 807: 9311:(Roman Catholicism, Eastern Christianity) 6015: 5666: 5394: 5025: 4903: 4314:, Delhi, Banarsidass, 1975. Ludo Rocher, 4194:Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press 3832:, p. 752, column 3, under the entry 2999: 2997: 2995: 2969:in the Hindu tradition. For example, the 5909: 4501: 4185: 3790: 3611: 3465:. Oxford University Press. p. 259. 3203: 2787: 2674: 2491: 2479:Vishnu Purana, Chapter 7, Translated by 2278: 2233:Only a few have been critically edited. 2118: 5805: 5775: 5616: 5565:Bonnefoy, Yves; Doniger, Wendy (1993). 4952: 4623: 4569: 4489: 4329: 4012: 3599: 3379:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 23–27. 3212: 2454:(precept); by Tusht́i (inner comfort), 2313:), and are topics covered by a Purana: 1416:, but references and reveres all gods. 1221:(with one portion dated to c. 550 CE), 9578: 6020:. State University of New York Press. 5990:: Insights into the Dynamics of a Cult 5981: 5945: 5853: 5538:. University of South Carolina Press. 5531: 5510: 5388: 5343: 5263: 5233: 5221: 5160: 5148: 5109: 5097: 5007: 4946: 4919: 4767: 4730: 4711: 4542: 4465: 4342: 4290: 4278: 4146: 4134: 4122: 4110: 4031: 3984: 3955: 3904: 3880: 3868: 3844: 3740: 3701: 3678: 3663: 3623: 3352: 3283: 3266: 3251: 3141: 3092: 3032: 2992: 9198: 7984: 7958: 6323: 6102: 6034: 5876: 5756: 5737: 5718: 5643: 5552:from the original on 24 December 2016 5370: 5299:from the original on 22 February 2017 5019: 4995: 4931: 4857: 4596: 4584: 4554: 4525: 4244: 4227: 4159:Srivastava, Vishnulok Bihari (2009). 4098: 3972: 3892: 3856: 3545: 3044: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2925: 2923: 907: 6137: 5794: 5497:, pages 60-63, with notes on 210-211 5442: 4310:, Calcutta, Sanskrit College, 1979. 4306:, Calcutta, Sanskrit College, 1958. 3446: 3423: 3411: 3153: 3006:(1995 Edition), Article on Puranas, 2488:Puranas as a complement to the Vedas 1021:, literally "ancient, former," from 7939: 5969:from the original on 14 August 2021 5926: 5912:Ancient Indian historical tradition 5687:from the original on 8 January 2017 4839:from the original on 2 October 2022 4800:from the original on 2 October 2022 4477: 3479:from the original on 17 August 2022 3393:from the original on 2 October 2022 3286:, pp. 21–24, 104–113, 115–126. 3065:from the original on 2 October 2022 1283:, part 12, chapter 13, verses 4–9. 13: 6008: 5604:from the original on 4 August 2020 5321:Trubner and Co., Reprinted in 1864 5112:, pp. 121-127 with footnotes. 4949:, pp. 104-106 with footnotes. 4308:Studies in the Upapuranas, vol. II 3923:. Psychology Press. pp. 62–. 3743:, pp. 115-121 with footnotes. 3048:Faith & Philosophy of Hinduism 2932: 2920: 14: 9607: 6068: 6055: 5992:. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers. 4304:Studies in the Upapuranas, vol. I 4137:, pp. 35, 185, 199, 239–242. 3995:from the original on 16 June 2016 3937:from the original on 15 June 2022 3773:from the original on 15 June 2016 3213:Collins, Charles Dillard (1988). 1025:"formerly, before," cognate with 7938: 7928: 7919: 7918: 7907: 6612: 6358: 6350: 5514:Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy 5503: 5483: 5466: 5451: 5436: 5349: 5324: 5311: 5166: 5115: 5066: 5049: 4972: 4913: 4851: 4812: 4773: 4736: 4733:, pp. 14-15 with footnotes. 4685: 4668: 3811:from the original on 30 May 2016 3233:from the original on 27 May 2016 3174:from the original on 13 May 2016 3160:. Hindology Books. p. 266. 2959: 2778:Bibliothèque nationale de France 2243: 838: 89: 54: 43: 32: 7908: 5825:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2007). 5569:. University of Chicago Press. 5249:Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012 5077:. Routledge. pp. 113–114. 4651: 4632: 4617: 4563: 4548: 4510: 4495: 4447: 4423: 4406: 4348: 4321: 4296: 4238: 4221: 4200: 4179: 4152: 4072: 4037: 3978: 3823: 3746: 3634: 3617: 3573:Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012 3558:Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012 3527: 3508: 3491: 3452: 3323: 3306: 3289: 3198:Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012 2946: 2911: 2885: 2867: 2858: 2849:are in the Puranic literature. 2755: 2426:Symbolism and layers of meaning 1044:fore, from Proto-Indo-European 8317:Progressive utilization theory 7833:Relations with other religions 6035:Singh, Nagendra Kumar (1997). 5881:. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. 5652:. Cambridge University Press. 5100:, p. 23 with footnote 35. 4747:. SUNY Press. pp. 95–97. 4210:A History of Indian Literature 4080:Balinese palm-leaf manuscripts 3624:Wilson, Horace Hayman (1840). 3575:, pp. 7–8, context: 4-13. 3038: 2670: 1261: 1: 5902:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary 5704:. Columbia University Press. 4770:, pp. 15 with footnotes. 3791:Thompson, Richard L. (2007). 3753:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002), 2981: 2699: 1215: 1180:According to the Indologists 6016:Mackenzie, C. Brown (1990). 5982:Thapan, Anita Raina (1997). 5955:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 5829:(3rd ed.). SUNY Press. 5806:Kaushal, Molly, ed. (2001). 5236:, pp. 139–141, 154–156. 4819:D. Lawrence Kincaid (2013). 2986: 2783: 2739: 2343:of the gods, sages and kings 2324:or the creation of the world 2131:in Battle Against the Demon 2114: 1791:), and darkness or inertia ( 1005: 7: 6128: 5986: 5780:. Oxford University Press. 5761:. Oxford University Press. 5673:. Oxford University Press. 5648:An Introduction to Hinduism 5623: 5590:. Temple University Press. 4786:. SUNY Press. p. 110. 4612:Bonnefoy & Doniger 1993 4401:Bonnefoy & Doniger 1993 2651:Puranas as historical texts 2309: 1269: 890: 888: 10: 9612: 5905:. Oxford University Press. 5877:Moghe, S. G., ed. (1997). 4207:Winternitz, Moriz (1927). 4113:, pp. 20–22, 134–137. 3985:Wilson, Horace H. (1864), 3219:. SUNY Press. p. 36. 2598: 2557:Puranas as religious texts 2295:, and at Bangkok airport, 2274: 2142: 83:Hindu scriptures and texts 18: 9492: 9435: 9378: 9237: 8726: 8525: 8325: 8294: 8209: 8124: 8055: 8048: 7992: 7905: 7732: 7697: 7523: 7458: 7365: 7292: 7285: 7184: 7087: 7078: 6986: 6872: 6829: 6796: 6714: 6688: 6660: 6651: 6630: 6621: 6610: 6529: 6398: 6389: 6368: 6244: 6136: 6037:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism 5910:Pargiter, F. E. (1962) . 5719:Hardy, Friedhelm (2001). 5667:Glucklich, Ariel (2008). 5460:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 5445:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 5373:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 5279:Avril Ann Powell (2010). 5073:Barbara Holdrege (2015). 4825:. Elsevier. p. 165. 4743:Barbara Holdrege (1995). 4626:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 4572:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 4557:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 4504:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 4248:Studies in Devi Bhagavata 4231:Studies in the Upapuranas 3991:, Trübner, p. LXXI, 3459:Patrick Olivelle (1998). 3336:29 September 2015 at the 3154:Nair, Shantha N. (2008). 3051:. Gyan Publishing House. 2415:– the "apparition of the 1707:, the first of ten major 1193: 1055: 875: 873: 9451:Luther's Large Catechism 9293:(Judaism, Christianity) 8504:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 6977:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 6075:Agni Purana (in English) 5778:A Dictionary of Hinduism 4644:15 November 2017 at the 4186:Farquhar, J. N. (1920). 2852: 2694:Ludo Rocher, The Puranas 2533:Puranas as encyclopedias 2500:and sculptures found in 2261:Skanda Purana, 1.8.20-21 1256: 978:, but are considered as 903:'ancient, old', 8434:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 7056:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 5897:Monier-Williams, Monier 5854:Mittal, Sushil (2004). 5742:. Motilal Banarsidass. 5334:Elysium Press, Calcutta 3329:Douglas Harper (2015), 1166:Brhadaranyaka Upanishad 1160:(7.1.2), translated by 970:(Major Puranas) and 18 793:Timeline of Hindu texts 626:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 21:Purana (disambiguation) 9371:(Eastern Christianity) 8170:Early Buddhist schools 7031:Eighteen Greater Texts 5776:Johnson, W.J. (2009). 5757:Inden, Ronald (2000). 5128:1 October 2015 at the 4215:University of Calcutta 4162:Dictionary of Indology 4085:1 October 2015 at the 3534:Brhadaranyaka Upanisad 3340:, Etymology Dictionary 3045:Verma, Rajeev (2009). 2956:tradition in Hinduism. 2801: 2737: 2697: 2680: 2644: 2592: 2563:John Zephaniah Holwell 2505: 2485: 2392:, spiritual liberation 2300: 2264: 2140: 1249:to c. 550–850 CE, and 1129:. The late Vedic text 1107: 1063:, the narrator of the 601:Eighteen Greater Texts 9470:Book of Common Prayer 7784:Hindu gurus and sants 7036:Eighteen Lesser Texts 5738:Hazra, R.C. (1987) . 5644:Flood, Gavin (1996). 5535:The Study of Hinduism 5121:L Srinivasan (2000), 5075:Bhakti and Embodiment 4245:Lalye, P. G. (1973). 4228:Hazra, R. C. (1963). 3650:. 1950. p. 2206. 3144:, pp. 16, 12–21. 2791: 2727:Cornelia Dimmitt and 2719: 2686: 2678: 2630: 2622:Devi Bhagavata Purana 2579: 2495: 2440: 2282: 2254: 2162:They include among – 2122: 2089:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1182:J. A. B. van Buitenen 1144:Apastamba Dharmasutra 1094: 606:Eighteen Lesser Texts 9463:Heidelberg Catechism 8608:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 8445:Sarvadarsanasangraha 8222:Acintya bheda abheda 7774:Anti-Hindu sentiment 5827:A Survey of Hinduism 5795:Kane, P. V. (1962). 4969:, pages 331, 323-334 4860:History of Religions 4516:Vayu Purana 1. 31-2. 3917:John Dowson (2000). 3830:Monier-Williams 1899 3643:The Bhagavata Purana 3548:, pp. 160, 249. 3520:27 July 2018 at the 2761:Horace Hayman Wilson 2537:The Puranas, states 2481:Horace Hayman Wilson 2139:, Markandeya Purana. 9566:(Roman Catholicism) 9522:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 9485:(Roman Catholicism) 9479:(Roman Catholicism) 9457:Augsburg Confession 9428:(Roman Catholicism) 9416:(Roman Catholicism) 9339:Nag Hammadi library 9249:(Egyptian religion) 8668:Dayananda Saraswati 8242:Nimbarka Sampradaya 8166:Buddhist philosophy 7880:Hinduism by country 7046:Iraiyanar Akapporul 7006:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 6259:Sanat-kumara Purana 6064:(uni-goettingen.de) 5847:2 July 2021 at the 5462:, pp. 202-220. 5447:, pp. 181-201. 5391:, pp. 442–443. 5375:, pp. 162-180. 5163:, pp. 141–142. 4628:, pp. 130-132. 4599:, pp. 109–112. 4587:, pp. 104–110. 4574:, pp. 117-132. 4545:, pp. 440–443. 4362:on 27 February 2009 4356:"Purana at Gurjari" 4332:, pp. 225–234. 4149:, pp. 191–192. 4125:, pp. 161–164. 4101:, pp. 109–110. 3907:, pp. 134–137. 3871:, pp. 202–203. 3847:, pp. 139–149. 3681:, pp. 209–215. 3666:, pp. 154–156. 3648:Motilal Banarsidass 3630:. pp. 283–284. 3449:, pp. 816–817. 3414:, pp. 816–821. 3269:, pp. 162–167. 3035:, pp. 437–439. 2825:in south India and 2729:J.A.B. van Buitenen 2382:: finale, cessation 2376:: tales about a god 1801: 1761:Lalita Sahasranamam 1390:is one of eighteen 1253:to c. 600–1000 CE. 1185:was handed down in 1158:Chandogya Upanishad 1150:Gautama Dharmasutra 1131:Taittiriya Aranyaka 990:in India, and both 616:Iraiyanar Akapporul 576:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 322:Related Hindu texts 9529:Liber AL vel Legis 9353:(Greek polytheism) 9335:(Roman polytheism) 8279:Pashupata Shaivism 8109:Pashupata Shaivism 5317:HH Wilson (1840), 4480:, pp. 85–100. 4255:. pp. 25–34. 4078:H Hinzler (1993), 3200:, pp. xii, 4. 2802: 2681: 2506: 2301: 2291:temple complex of 2271:the colonial era. 2141: 2127:Leading the Eight 1800: 1404:, and part of the 1343:to the kingdom of 1245:to c. 450–900 CE, 1241:to c. 350–950 CE, 1225:to c. 250–500 CE, 1036:"before," Avestan 909:[pʊˈrɑːɳə] 9596:Indian chronicles 9573: 9572: 9551:The Satanic Bible 9445:Guru Granth Sahib 9192: 9191: 9044:Pratītyasamutpāda 8205: 8204: 7986:Indian philosophy 7952: 7951: 7728: 7727: 7281: 7280: 7074: 7073: 6988:Sangam literature 6944:Yājñavalkya Smṛti 6792: 6791: 6608: 6607: 6317: 6316: 6309:Vishnudharmottara 5962:978-3-447-02522-5 5869:978-0-415-21527-5 5836:978-0-7914-7082-4 5787:978-0-19-861025-0 5680:978-0-19-971825-2 5597:978-1-4399-0464-0 5567:Asian Mythologies 5545:978-1-57003-449-7 5292:978-1-84383-579-0 5266:, pp. 49–53. 5151:, pp. 59–67. 5022:, pp. 95–96. 5010:, pp. 19–20. 4998:, pp. 87–98. 4934:, pp. 94–95. 4832:978-1-4832-8875-8 4793:978-1-4384-0437-0 4714:, pp. 13–16. 4665:, pages 77-79, 88 4614:, pp. 38–39. 4559:, pp. 63-75. 4506:, pp. 48-62. 4403:, pp. 92–95. 4253:Popular Prakashan 4067:The Garuda Purana 4034:, pp. 78–79. 4015:, pp. 59–83. 3975:, pp. 96–97. 3930:978-0-415-24521-0 3883:, pp. 70–71. 3804:978-81-208-1919-1 3766:978-0-8239-3180-4 3714:Klostermaier 2007 3704:, pp. 59–61. 3627:The Vishnu Purana 3614:, pp. 30–54. 3585:Klostermaier 2007 3472:978-0-19-535242-9 3386:978-81-208-0557-6 3226:978-0-88706-773-0 3167:978-81-223-1020-7 3058:978-81-7835-718-8 2081: 2080: 1926: 1925: 1771: 1770: 1212:Markandeya Purana 902: 886: 831: 830: 621:Abhirami Anthadhi 559:Sangam literature 412:Vaishnava puranas 9603: 9426:Summa Theologica 9414:Ambrosian Hymnal 9219: 9212: 9205: 9196: 9195: 8698:Satyakama Jabala 8633:Akshapada Gotama 8583:Gārgī Vāchaknavī 8563:Vāchaspati Misra 8421:Nyayakusumanjali 8355:Bhagavata Purana 8312:Radical Humanism 8284:Shaiva Siddhanta 8053: 8052: 8025:Vedic philosophy 7979: 7972: 7965: 7956: 7955: 7942: 7941: 7932: 7922: 7921: 7911: 7910: 7821:Pilgrimage sites 7575:Ganesh Chaturthi 7290: 7289: 7085: 7084: 7066:Vedarthasamgraha 7061:Vinayagar Agaval 7026:Five Great Epics 7001:Divya Prabandham 6914:Minor Upanishads 6658: 6657: 6628: 6627: 6616: 6615: 6396: 6395: 6362: 6354: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6321: 6320: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6100: 6099: 6093:Brahmanda Purana 6050: 6031: 6003: 5989: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5942: 5923: 5906: 5892: 5873: 5840: 5821: 5802: 5791: 5772: 5753: 5734: 5715: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5663: 5651: 5640: 5626: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5580: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5528: 5498: 5487: 5481: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5440: 5434: 5423: 5412: 5401: 5392: 5386: 5377: 5376: 5368: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5330:MN Dutt (1896), 5328: 5322: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5276: 5267: 5261: 5252: 5246: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5202: 5193: 5192:, pages xvi-xvii 5182: 5173: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5133: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5070: 5064: 5053: 5047: 5036: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4976: 4970: 4959: 4950: 4944: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4901: 4892: 4891: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 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Coburn 3367: 3356: 3350: 3341: 3327: 3321: 3310: 3304: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3270: 3264: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3210: 3201: 3195: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3126: 3115: 3096: 3090: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3015: 3001: 2976: 2963: 2957: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2930: 2927: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2889: 2883: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2735: 2695: 2642: 2590: 2551:Tirtha Mahatmyas 2526:Bhagavata Purana 2483: 2330:: cosmogony and 2312: 2262: 2085:Bhagavata Purana 1931: 1930: 1802: 1799: 1286: 1285: 1281:Bhagavata Purana 1272: 1239:Brahmanda Purana 1220: 1217: 1162:Patrick Olivelle 1105: 1073:to his disciple 911: 906: 897: 895: 893: 881: 879: 878: 877: 867: 866: 863: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 823: 816: 809: 760:Gheranda Samhita 710:Sushruta Samhita 631:Vinayagar Agaval 596:Five Great Epics 571:Divya Prabandham 502: 468: 414: 296:Other scriptures 269: 230: 211: 154: 93: 70: 69: 58: 47: 36: 16:Hindu scriptures 9611: 9610: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9601: 9600: 9576: 9575: 9574: 9569: 9546:(Scientologist) 9536:Book of Shadows 9488: 9483:Roman Catechism 9465:(Protestantism) 9459:(Protestantism) 9431: 9374: 9303:Samaritan Torah 9233: 9226:Religious texts 9223: 9193: 9188: 9014:Parameshashakti 8722: 8658:Ramana Maharshi 8543:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 8521: 8487:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 8461:Tattvacintāmaṇi 8334:Abhinavabharati 8321: 8290: 8264:Sikh Philosophy 8252:Vishishtadvaita 8201: 8120: 8044: 7988: 7983: 7953: 7948: 7915: 7901: 7724: 7693: 7684:Vasant Panchami 7618:Pahela Baishakh 7600:Makar Sankranti 7519: 7454: 7361: 7277: 7180: 7070: 7051:Abhirami Antati 7021:Kamba Ramayanam 6982: 6868: 6825: 6788: 6710: 6684: 6647: 6617: 6604: 6588:Vishishtadvaita 6525: 6385: 6364: 6348: 6318: 6313: 6240: 6156:Brahma Vaivarta 6132: 6127: 6071: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6028: 6011: 6009:Further reading 6006: 6000: 5972: 5970: 5963: 5939: 5889: 5870: 5856:The Hindu World 5849:Wayback Machine 5837: 5818: 5801:(1st ed.). 5788: 5769: 5750: 5731: 5712: 5690: 5688: 5681: 5660: 5637: 5607: 5605: 5598: 5577: 5555: 5553: 5546: 5525: 5506: 5501: 5488: 5484: 5471: 5467: 5456: 5452: 5441: 5437: 5424: 5415: 5402: 5395: 5387: 5380: 5369: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5342: 5338: 5329: 5325: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5293: 5277: 5270: 5262: 5255: 5247: 5240: 5232: 5228: 5220: 5216: 5203: 5196: 5183: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5136: 5130:Wayback Machine 5120: 5116: 5108: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5085: 5071: 5067: 5063:, pages 150-153 5054: 5050: 5037: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4990: 4977: 4973: 4960: 4953: 4945: 4938: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4902: 4895: 4856: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4833: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4794: 4778: 4774: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4741: 4737: 4729: 4718: 4710: 4703: 4690: 4686: 4682:, pages 111-119 4673: 4669: 4656: 4652: 4646:Wayback Machine 4637: 4633: 4622: 4618: 4610: 4603: 4595: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4568: 4564: 4553: 4549: 4541: 4532: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4511: 4500: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4476: 4472: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4411: 4407: 4399: 4395: 4382: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4326: 4322: 4301: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4277: 4270: 4263: 4243: 4239: 4226: 4222: 4213:. Vol. 1. 4205: 4201: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4157: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4133: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4087:Wayback Machine 4077: 4073: 4069:Calcutta (1908) 4064: 4055: 4051:, pages 139-141 4042: 4038: 4030: 4019: 4011: 4007: 3998: 3996: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3867: 3863: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3805: 3789: 3785: 3776: 3774: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3700: 3685: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3655: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3622: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3598: 3591: 3587:, pp. 59–. 3583: 3579: 3571: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3522:Wayback Machine 3513: 3509: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3473: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3434: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3387: 3368: 3359: 3355:, pp. 45–. 3351: 3344: 3338:Wayback Machine 3328: 3324: 3320:, pages 128-131 3311: 3307: 3294: 3290: 3282: 3273: 3265: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3227: 3211: 3204: 3196: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3168: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3129: 3125:, pages 185-204 3116: 3099: 3091: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3059: 3043: 3039: 3031: 3018: 3002: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2964: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2933: 2928: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2890: 2886: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2786: 2758: 2742: 2736: 2726: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2673: 2653: 2643: 2640: 2617: 2601: 2591: 2585: 2559: 2535: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2466:; one of whom, 2442:The progeny of 2428: 2305:Pancha Lakshana 2285:Samudra Manthan 2277: 2263: 2260: 2246: 2174:Brihan-naradiya 2147: 2117: 2016:Brahma Vaivarta 1449:Bhakti movement 1264: 1259: 1218: 1196: 1106: 1100: 1058: 1008: 988:Bhakti movement 904: 841: 837: 827: 798: 797: 788: 780: 779: 730:Divya Prabandha 705:Charaka Samhita 690:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 650: 636: 635: 591:Kamba Ramayanam 566:Saiva Tirumurai 561: 551: 550: 522: 512: 511: 498: 464: 410: 377: 367: 366: 332: 317: 316: 297: 289: 288: 265: 226: 207: 189: 179: 178: 150: 125: 108: 68: 67: 66: 65: 61: 60: 59: 50: 49: 48: 39: 38: 37: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9609: 9599: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9567: 9561: 9555: 9547: 9539: 9533: 9525: 9519: 9511: 9505: 9502:Book of Mormon 9498: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9486: 9480: 9474: 9466: 9460: 9454: 9448: 9441: 9439: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9423: 9417: 9411: 9405: 9399: 9398: 9397: 9384: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9369:Divine Liturgy 9366: 9365:(Neoplatonism) 9360: 9354: 9348: 9342: 9336: 9328: 9322: 9321: 9320: 9319:(Christianity) 9314: 9313: 9312: 9306: 9305:(Samaritanism) 9288: 9282: 9268: 9262: 9256: 9250: 9243: 9241: 9235: 9234: 9222: 9221: 9214: 9207: 9199: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9089:Shabda Brahman 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9039:Pratibimbavada 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8730: 8728: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8678:Vedanta Desika 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8573:Gautama Buddha 8570: 8568:Uddalaka Aruni 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8507: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8483: 8482: 8481: 8471: 8464: 8457: 8455:Tarka-Sangraha 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8430: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8412: 8411: 8406: 8398:Mimamsa Sutras 8394: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8370: 8368:Buddhist texts 8365: 8358: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8298: 8296: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8288: 8287: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8199: 8198: 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7478: 7473: 7462: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7371: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7298: 7296: 7287: 7283: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7190: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7093: 7091: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6992: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6889: 6884: 6878: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6835: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6802: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6759:Shvetashvatara 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6734:Brihadaranyaka 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6634: 6632: 6631:Classification 6625: 6619: 6618: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6602: 6593: 6592: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6535: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6404: 6402: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6383: 6378: 6375: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6347: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6324: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6250: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6142: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6126: 6125: 6118: 6111: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6090: 6084: 6078: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6065: 6057: 6056:External links 6054: 6052: 6051: 6045: 6032: 6026: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5998: 5984:Understanding 5979: 5961: 5943: 5937: 5924: 5907: 5893: 5887: 5874: 5868: 5851: 5835: 5822: 5816: 5803: 5792: 5786: 5773: 5768:978-0195124309 5767: 5754: 5749:978-8120804227 5748: 5735: 5729: 5716: 5711:978-0231149983 5710: 5697: 5679: 5664: 5658: 5641: 5635: 5620:, ed. (1993). 5618:Doniger, Wendy 5614: 5596: 5581: 5576:978-0226064567 5575: 5562: 5544: 5529: 5524:978-0415172813 5523: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5499: 5495:978-0791465950 5482: 5478:978-0791464168 5465: 5450: 5435: 5431:978-8122415872 5413: 5409:978-8187358305 5393: 5378: 5360: 5356:Jean Filliozat 5348: 5346:, p. 657. 5336: 5323: 5310: 5291: 5268: 5253: 5238: 5226: 5224:, p. 249. 5214: 5210:978-8120820494 5194: 5190:978-2855396422 5174: 5165: 5153: 5134: 5114: 5102: 5090: 5084:978-0415670708 5083: 5065: 5061:978-9004016125 5048: 5044:978-0141913377 5024: 5012: 5000: 4988: 4984:978-9004042285 4971: 4967:978-0812242614 4951: 4936: 4924: 4912: 4904:Glucklich 2008 4893: 4872:10.1086/462465 4866:(2): 286–291. 4850: 4831: 4811: 4792: 4772: 4760: 4754:978-0791416402 4753: 4735: 4716: 4701: 4697:978-0585044675 4684: 4680:978-0195148923 4667: 4663:978-9004069411 4650: 4631: 4616: 4601: 4589: 4577: 4562: 4547: 4530: 4518: 4509: 4494: 4492:, p. 248. 4482: 4470: 4468:, p. 438. 4458: 4446: 4434: 4422: 4418:978-1577316695 4405: 4393: 4389:978-0595350759 4373: 4347: 4345:, p. 304. 4335: 4330:Kaushal (2001) 4320: 4295: 4283: 4268: 4261: 4237: 4220: 4217:. p. 555. 4199: 4196:. p. 269. 4178: 4171: 4151: 4139: 4127: 4115: 4103: 4091: 4071: 4053: 4049:978-9004158146 4036: 4017: 4005: 3977: 3960: 3948: 3929: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3861: 3849: 3837: 3822: 3803: 3783: 3765: 3745: 3718: 3706: 3683: 3668: 3653: 3633: 3616: 3604: 3602:, p. 247. 3589: 3577: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3507: 3503:978-8120805576 3490: 3471: 3451: 3432: 3416: 3404: 3385: 3357: 3342: 3322: 3318:978-8120815759 3305: 3301:978-0520207783 3288: 3271: 3256: 3254:, p. 503. 3244: 3225: 3202: 3185: 3166: 3146: 3127: 3123:978-0791413821 3097: 3095:, p. 139. 3076: 3057: 3037: 3016: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2958: 2945: 2931: 2919: 2910: 2884: 2866: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2835: 2834: 2823:Bharata Natyam 2819: 2818: 2785: 2782: 2772:in 1795, from 2757: 2754: 2741: 2738: 2724: 2701: 2698: 2691: 2672: 2669: 2652: 2649: 2638: 2616: 2613: 2600: 2597: 2583: 2558: 2555: 2534: 2531: 2489: 2486: 2476: 2427: 2424: 2400: 2399: 2393: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2357: 2356: 2353:Vamśānucaritam 2350: 2344: 2334: 2325: 2276: 2273: 2258: 2245: 2242: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2167: 2143:Main article: 2137:Devi Mahatmyam 2116: 2113: 2079: 2078: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2007: 2006: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1976:Devi-Bhagavata 1973: 1967: 1966: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1924: 1923: 1898: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1872:Brahmavaivarta 1861: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1808:Central deity 1806: 1769: 1768: 1757: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1729: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1701: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1624: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1600: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1575: 1572: 1570:Brahmavaivarta 1567: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1537: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1517:Devi Mahatmyam 1489: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1441: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1382: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1336: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1237:to c. 450 CE, 1229:to c. 350 CE, 1204:F. E. Pargiter 1195: 1192: 1111:Itihasapuranam 1098: 1057: 1054: 1040:"before," Old 1007: 1004: 968:Mukhya Puranas 829: 828: 826: 825: 818: 811: 803: 800: 799: 796: 795: 789: 786: 785: 782: 781: 778: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 740:Ramcharitmanas 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 700:Pramana Sutras 697: 692: 687: 682: 680:Mimamsa Sutras 677: 675:Samkhya Sutras 672: 667: 662: 657: 655:Dharma Shastra 651: 642: 641: 638: 637: 634: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 562: 557: 556: 553: 552: 549: 548: 547: 546: 536: 535: 534: 523: 518: 517: 514: 513: 510: 509: 507:Devi Bhagavata 500:Shakta puranas 496: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 466:Shaiva puranas 462: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 408: 407: 402: 397: 395:Brahmavaivarta 392: 387: 380:Brahma puranas 378: 373: 372: 369: 368: 365: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 333: 328: 327: 324: 323: 319: 318: 315: 314: 309: 304: 298: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 281: 276: 263: 262: 257: 255:Shvetashvatara 252: 247: 242: 237: 235:Brihadaranyaka 224: 223: 218: 205: 204: 199: 190: 185: 184: 181: 180: 177: 176: 171: 166: 161: 148: 147: 142: 137: 132: 126: 121: 120: 117: 116: 115: 114: 109: 103: 95: 94: 86: 85: 79: 78: 63: 62: 53: 52: 51: 42: 41: 40: 31: 30: 29: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9608: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9565: 9562: 9559: 9556: 9553: 9552: 9548: 9545: 9544: 9540: 9537: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9526: 9523: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9515:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 9512: 9509: 9506: 9503: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9491: 9484: 9481: 9478: 9475: 9473:(Anglicanism) 9472: 9471: 9467: 9464: 9461: 9458: 9455: 9453:(Lutheranism) 9452: 9449: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9427: 9424: 9421: 9418: 9415: 9412: 9409: 9406: 9403: 9400: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9377: 9370: 9367: 9364: 9361: 9358: 9355: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9343: 9340: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9332:Metamorphoses 9329: 9326: 9325:Bhagavad Gita 9323: 9318: 9317:New Testament 9315: 9310: 9307: 9304: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9273: 9269: 9267:(Zoroastrian) 9266: 9263: 9260: 9257: 9254: 9251: 9248: 9247:Pyramid Texts 9245: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9236: 9231: 9227: 9220: 9215: 9213: 9208: 9206: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9019:Parinama-vada 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8725: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8643:Padmasambhāva 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8548:Maṇḍana Miśra 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8538:Abhinavagupta 8536: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8512: 8511:Yoga Vasistha 8508: 8506: 8505: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8477: 8476: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8435: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8404:All 108 texts 8402: 8401: 8400: 8399: 8395: 8393: 8392: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8375: 8374:Dharmashastra 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8363: 8359: 8357: 8356: 8352: 8350: 8349: 8348:Bhagavad Gita 8345: 8343: 8342: 8338: 8336: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8302:Integral yoga 8300: 8299: 8297: 8293: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8247:Shuddhadvaita 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8218: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8208: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8167: 8164: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8114: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8051: 8047: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7980: 7975: 7973: 7968: 7966: 7961: 7960: 7957: 7945: 7937: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7925: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7904: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7886: 7885:Hindu temples 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7789:Hindu studies 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7759:Denominations 7757: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7731: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7646: 7643: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7569: 7568:Vijayadashami 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7522: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7467: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7457: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7385:Simantonayana 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7291: 7288: 7284: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7077: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6971:Yoga Vasistha 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6882:Bhagavad Gita 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6821:Sthapatyaveda 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6388: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6367: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6345: 6340: 6338: 6333: 6331: 6326: 6325: 6322: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6124: 6119: 6117: 6112: 6110: 6105: 6104: 6101: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6087:Vishnu Purana 6085: 6082: 6081:Vishnu Purana 6079: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6048: 6046:81-7488-168-9 6042: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6027:0-7914-0363-7 6023: 6019: 6014: 6013: 6001: 5999:81-7304-195-4 5995: 5991: 5988: 5980: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5938:0-7914-1381-0 5934: 5930: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5888:81-246-0075-9 5884: 5880: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5843: 5842:First edition 5838: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5819: 5817:81-246-0182-8 5813: 5809: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5779: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5732: 5730:0-19-564916-8 5726: 5722: 5717: 5713: 5707: 5703: 5698: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5672: 5671: 5665: 5661: 5659:0-521-43304-5 5655: 5650: 5649: 5642: 5638: 5636:0-7914-1382-9 5632: 5628: 5625: 5619: 5615: 5603: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5588: 5582: 5578: 5572: 5568: 5563: 5551: 5547: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5530: 5526: 5520: 5517:. Routledge. 5516: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5504:Cited sources 5496: 5492: 5486: 5480:, pages 91-94 5479: 5475: 5469: 5461: 5454: 5446: 5439: 5433:, pages 33-34 5432: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5411:, pages 48-50 5410: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5390: 5385: 5383: 5374: 5367: 5365: 5357: 5352: 5345: 5340: 5333: 5327: 5320: 5319:Vishnu Purana 5314: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5275: 5273: 5265: 5260: 5258: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5235: 5230: 5223: 5218: 5212:, pages 41-64 5211: 5207: 5201: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5179: 5169: 5162: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5118: 5111: 5106: 5099: 5094: 5086: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5046:, pages 10-12 5045: 5041: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5021: 5016: 5009: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4986:, pages 51-86 4985: 4981: 4975: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4956: 4948: 4943: 4941: 4933: 4928: 4921: 4916: 4909: 4905: 4900: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4815: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4776: 4769: 4764: 4756: 4750: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4713: 4708: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4639:Vishnu Purana 4635: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4608: 4606: 4598: 4593: 4586: 4581: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4551: 4544: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4527: 4522: 4513: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4479: 4474: 4467: 4462: 4455: 4454:Matsya Purana 4450: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4430:Skanda Purana 4426: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4402: 4397: 4391:, pages 44-45 4390: 4386: 4380: 4378: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4344: 4339: 4331: 4324: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4302:R. C. Hazra, 4299: 4293:, p. 68. 4292: 4287: 4281:, p. 63. 4280: 4275: 4273: 4264: 4262:9788171540693 4258: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4241: 4233: 4232: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4203: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4182: 4174: 4172:9788122310849 4168: 4164: 4163: 4155: 4148: 4143: 4136: 4131: 4124: 4119: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4095: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4075: 4068: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4014: 4009: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3981: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3957: 3952: 3936: 3932: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3913: 3906: 3901: 3894: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3870: 3865: 3858: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3826: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3787: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3749: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3715: 3710: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3637: 3629: 3628: 3620: 3613: 3612:Pargiter 1962 3608: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3586: 3581: 3574: 3569: 3567: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3511: 3504: 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2690: 2685: 2677: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2648: 2637: 2635: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2589:, The Puranas 2588: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567:Royal Society 2564: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2511: 2503: 2502:Hindu temples 2499: 2494: 2482: 2475: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2437: 2436:Vishnu Purana 2433: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2406: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2272: 2269: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2244:Skanda Purana 2241: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2151: 2146: 2138: 2135:, Folio from 2134: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2105:Garuda Purana 2102: 2098: 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1654: 1649: 1647:81,100 verses 1646: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1623:24,000 verses 1622: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1599:11,000 verses 1598: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1574:18,000 verses 1573: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1557:14,500 verses 1556: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1536:15,400 verses 1535: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493:Vindhya Range 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1464:25,000 verses 1463: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1440:18,000 verses 1439: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1381:24,000 verses 1380: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1364:23,000 verses 1363: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1335:55,000 verses 1334: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1311:10,000 verses 1310: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1295:Verses number 1294: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1282: 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Retrieved 5951: 5947:Rocher, Ludo 5928: 5911: 5901: 5878: 5855: 5826: 5807: 5797: 5777: 5758: 5739: 5720: 5701: 5689:. Retrieved 5669: 5647: 5621: 5606:. Retrieved 5586: 5566: 5554:. Retrieved 5534: 5513: 5485: 5468: 5453: 5438: 5351: 5339: 5332:Vishnupurana 5326: 5313: 5301:. Retrieved 5281: 5251:, p. 5. 5229: 5217: 5168: 5156: 5117: 5105: 5093: 5074: 5068: 5051: 5015: 5003: 4991: 4974: 4927: 4915: 4907: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4841:. Retrieved 4821: 4814: 4802:. Retrieved 4782: 4775: 4763: 4744: 4738: 4687: 4670: 4653: 4634: 4619: 4592: 4580: 4565: 4550: 4528:, p. 4. 4521: 4512: 4497: 4490:Johnson 2009 4485: 4473: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4425: 4408: 4396: 4364:. Retrieved 4360:the original 4350: 4338: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4286: 4247: 4240: 4230: 4223: 4209: 4202: 4188: 4181: 4161: 4154: 4142: 4130: 4118: 4106: 4094: 4074: 4039: 4013:Doniger 1993 4008: 3997:, retrieved 3987: 3980: 3951: 3939:. Retrieved 3919: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3876: 3864: 3852: 3840: 3833: 3825: 3813:. 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Wilson 5952:The Puranas 5389:Bailey 2001 5344:Mittal 2004 5264:Rocher 1986 5234:Bailey 2003 5222:Rocher 1986 5161:Bailey 2003 5149:Rocher 1986 5110:Rocher 1986 5098:Rocher 1986 5008:Rocher 1986 4947:Rocher 1986 4920:Rocher 1986 4768:Rocher 1986 4731:Rocher 1986 4712:Rocher 1986 4543:Bailey 2001 4466:Bailey 2001 4343:Thapan 1997 4291:Rocher 1986 4279:Rocher 1986 4147:Rocher 1986 4135:Rocher 1986 4123:Rocher 1986 4111:Rocher 1986 4032:Rocher 1986 3999:13 February 3958:, p. . 3956:Rocher 1986 3905:Rocher 1986 3881:Rocher 1986 3869:Rocher 1986 3845:Rocher 1986 3815:13 February 3777:13 February 3741:Rocher 1986 3702:Rocher 1986 3679:Rocher 1986 3664:Rocher 1986 3353:Rocher 1986 3284:Rocher 1986 3267:Bailey 2003 3252:Bailey 2001 3237:13 February 3178:13 February 3142:Rocher 1986 3093:Bailey 2003 3033:Bailey 2001 3012:0-877790426 2902:Vaishnavism 2882:histories". 2817:Indian Arts 2774:Pondicherry 2750:Ludo Rocher 2671:Manuscripts 2665:historicity 2609:Jain Agamas 2587:Ludo Rocher 2571:orientalist 2547:Upabrimhana 2434:level. The 2432:axiological 2374:Ishanukatha 2093:Vayu Purana 1669:North India 1505:Maharashtra 1503:rivers, in 1316:Mahabharata 1292:Maha Purana 1262:Mahapuranas 1227:Vayu Purana 1200:Ludo Rocher 1079:Mulasamhita 1066:Mahabharata 972:Upa Puranas 770:Vedantasara 695:Yoga Sutras 611:Aathichoodi 544:Historicity 539:Mahabharata 532:Historicity 228:Yajur vedic 145:Atharvaveda 9580:Categories 9558:Geniocracy 9554:(Satanist) 9510:(Tenrikyo) 9359:(Hinduism) 9357:Upanishads 9327:(Hinduism) 9299:(Judaism) 9287:(Buddhist) 9255:(Hinduism) 9114:Svātantrya 9004:Paramatman 8959:Kshetrajna 8934:Ishvaratva 8874:Cittabhumi 8869:Chidabhasa 8819:Asiddhatva 8739:Abhasavada 8713:Guru Nanak 8648:Vasubandhu 8474:Upanishads 8468:Tirukkuṟaḷ 8427:Panchadasi 8232:Bhedabheda 8180:Madhyamaka 8020:Monotheism 7645:Kumbh Mela 7613:Gudi Padwa 7558:Durga Puja 7543:Shivaratri 7415:Karnavedha 7395:Namakarana 7357:Tirthatana 7124:Dattatreya 6961:Subhashita 6934:Manusmriti 6811:Dhanurveda 6744:Taittiriya 6729:Kaushitaki 6716:Upanishads 6489:Aparigraha 6391:Philosophy 6161:Markendeya 6138:Mahapurana 5691:23 October 5608:23 October 5556:23 October 5303:23 October 5020:Inden 2000 4996:Inden 2000 4932:Inden 2000 4597:Flood 1996 4585:Flood 1996 4526:Hazra 1987 4366:30 October 4251:. Bombay: 4099:Flood 1996 3973:Hazra 1987 3893:Hazra 1987 3857:Hardy 2001 3834:Bhagavata. 3546:Moghe 1997 3426:, p. 3014:, page 915 2982:References 2967:Fifth Veda 2873:The early 2847:Durga Puja 2700:Chronology 2574:similar". 2539:Kees Bolle 2510:Max Muller 2413:lingabhava 2347:Manvañtara 2328:Pratisarga 2289:Angkor Wat 2156:Upapuranas 2072:Markandeya 1980:Markandeya 1876:Markandeya 1667:Describes 1602:Discusses 1491:Describes 1484:Markandeya 1270:Mahāpurāṇa 1115:Pariplava, 1032:"before," 765:Panchadasi 750:Swara yoga 586:Tirukkuṟaḷ 400:Markandeya 245:Taittiriya 209:Sama vedic 202:Kaushitaki 187:Upanishads 174:Upanishads 9564:Catechism 9560:(Raelian) 9543:Dianetics 9508:Ofudesaki 9347:(Judaism) 9285:Tripiṭaka 9261:(Jainism) 9239:Antiquity 8974:Mithyatva 8864:Chaitanya 8859:Catuṣkoṭi 8824:Asatkalpa 8799:Anavastha 8774:Aishvarya 8693:Sakayanya 8688:Sadananda 8653:Gaudapada 8638:Nagarjuna 8593:Patañjali 8409:Principal 8391:Kamasutra 8185:Yogachara 8104:Raseśvara 7868:Theosophy 7799:Mythology 7779:Criticism 7747:Etymology 7705:Svādhyāya 7604:New Year 7553:Navaratri 7525:Festivals 7503:Grihastha 7476:Kshatriya 7450:Antyeshti 7425:Upanayana 7390:Jatakarma 7380:Pumsavana 7367:Sanskaras 7332:Naivedhya 7286:Practices 7231:Mahavidya 7199:Saraswati 7186:Goddesses 7144:Kartikeya 7041:Athichudi 6996:Tirumurai 6849:Vyākaraṇa 6816:Natyaveda 6764:Chandogya 6689:Divisions 6670:Yajurveda 6289:Narasimha 6246:Upapurana 6181:Bhagavata 6166:Bhavishya 6151:Brahmanda 6089:, MN Dutt 5860:Routledge 4908:mahatmyas 4888:162364709 4648:Chapter 7 4420:, page 17 4065:MN Dutt, 3447:Kane 1962 3424:Kane 1962 3412:Kane 1962 3069:2 October 2987:Citations 2833:Festivals 2827:Rasa Lila 2784:Influence 2780:, Paris. 2746:palm leaf 2740:Forgeries 2661:Telangana 2543:Mahatmyas 2341:genealogy 2332:cosmology 2322:cosmogony 2216:Vasishtha 2170:Narasimha 2145:Upapurana 2133:Raktabija 2115:Upapurana 2076:Brahmanda 2060:Bhavishya 2032:Bhagavata 2023:Vaishnava 1984:Brahmanda 1868:Brahmanda 1831:Bhagavata 1752:Brahmanda 1553:Bhavishya 1436:Bhagavata 1400:texts in 1396:genre of 1231:Harivamsa 1187:Kshatriya 1084:The term 1014:are from 1006:Etymology 957:cosmology 953:cosmogony 883:romanized 735:Tirumurai 665:Kamasutra 424:Bhagavata 405:Bhavishya 390:Brahmānda 347:Vyakarana 216:Chandogya 192:Rig vedic 152:Divisions 140:Yajurveda 9538:(Wiccan) 9518:(Baha'i) 9410:(Shinto) 9380:Medieval 9351:Theogony 9281:(Taoist) 9278:Zhuangzi 9139:Tanmatra 9134:Tajjalan 9124:Syādvāda 9024:Pradhana 8999:Padārtha 8964:Lakshana 8909:Ekagrata 8754:Adrishta 8749:Adarsana 8727:Concepts 8708:Mahavira 8673:Ramanuja 8623:Chanakya 8558:Avatsara 8553:Valluvar 8493:Vedangas 8307:Gandhism 8210:Medieval 8159:Syādvāda 8144:Charvaka 8116:Pāṇiniya 8010:Idealism 7924:Category 7875:Glossary 7843:Buddhism 7809:Hindutva 7769:Calendar 7650:Haridwar 7628:Vaisakhi 7623:Puthandu 7513:Sannyasa 7430:Keshanta 7261:Shashthi 7097:Trimurti 6924:Nitisara 6897:Ramayana 6892:Itihasas 6864:Jyotisha 6806:Ayurveda 6798:Upavedas 6779:Mandukya 6724:Aitareya 6706:Aranyaka 6701:Brahmana 6675:Samaveda 6600:Charvaka 6400:Concepts 6381:Timeline 6373:Glossary 6356:Hinduism 6186:Naradiya 5987:Gaṇapati 5967:Archived 5949:(1986). 5899:(1899). 5845:Archived 5685:Archived 5602:Archived 5550:Archived 5297:Archived 5126:Archived 4837:Archived 4798:Archived 4642:Archived 4478:Rao 1993 4083:Archived 3993:archived 3941:8 August 3935:Archived 3809:Archived 3771:archived 3518:Archived 3477:Archived 3391:Archived 3373:(1988). 3334:Archived 3231:Archived 3172:Archived 3063:Archived 2954:Shaktism 2906:Shaivism 2898:Shaktism 2894:Smartism 2875:Buddhist 2725:— 2692:— 2639:— 2605:anuyogas 2584:— 2521:Itihasas 2477:— 2456:Santosha 2398:: refuge 2299:(above). 2297:Thailand 2293:Cambodia 2268:Nepalese 2259:— 2213:Parasara 2191:Bhargava 2129:Matrikas 2040:Naradiya 1937:Puranas 1880:Bhavisya 1839:Naradiya 1628:Mahatmya 1608:Shaivism 1521:Shaktism 1473:Vedangas 1424:samhitas 1406:Shaivism 1402:Hinduism 1398:Sanskrit 1349:Ramayana 1099:— 1016:Sanskrit 976:Hinduism 942:Hinduism 938:Mahadevi 914:Sanskrit 870:Sanskrit 787:Timeline 644:Shastras 527:Ramayana 429:Naradiya 362:Jyotisha 330:Vedangas 279:Mandukya 197:Aitareya 169:Aranyaka 164:Brahmana 135:Samaveda 75:a series 73:Part of 9586:Puranas 9422:(Islam) 9404:(Islam) 9388:Puranas 9363:Enneads 9184:More... 9154:Upekkhā 9149:Uparati 9129:Taijasa 9104:Śūnyatā 9074:Saṃsāra 9069:Samadhi 9034:Prakṛti 8989:Nirvāṇa 8939:Jivatva 8929:Ikshana 8884:Devatas 8854:Bhumika 8844:Brahman 8834:Avyakta 8779:Akrodha 8759:Advaita 8718:More... 8613:Jaimini 8517:More... 8227:Advaita 8217:Vedanta 8175:Śūnyatā 8134:Ājīvika 8126:Nāstika 8094:Vedanta 8089:Mīmāṃsā 8069:Samkhya 8049:Ancient 8005:Atomism 8000:Atheism 7913:Outline 7863:Sikhism 7858:Judaism 7853:Jainism 7734:Related 7710:Namaste 7563:Ramlila 7493:Ashrama 7481:Vaishya 7471:Brahmin 7294:Worship 7246:Rukmini 7236:Matrika 7209:Parvati 7204:Lakshmi 7194:Tridevi 7149:Krishna 7134:Hanuman 7129:Ganesha 7080:Deities 6966:Tantras 6956:Stotras 6909:Puranas 6854:Nirukta 6844:Chandas 6839:Shiksha 6831:Vedanga 6784:Prashna 6774:Mundaka 6696:Samhita 6665:Rigveda 6596:Nāstika 6581:Advaita 6568:Vedanta 6563:Mīmāṃsā 6543:Samkhya 6531:Schools 6519:Akrodha 6438:Saṃsāra 6418:Ishvara 6408:Brahman 6284:Mudgala 6264:Ganesha 6130:Puranas 5973:28 July 5920:1068416 4880:1062068 4843:26 July 4804:26 July 4699:, p. 98 3483:27 July 3397:28 July 2908:Purana. 2626:Brahman 2599:Jainism 2498:reliefs 2396:Ashraya 2380:Nirodha 2275:Content 2238:Ganesha 2225:Mudgala 2220:Ganesha 2180:Durvasa 1713:Narmada 1709:Avatars 1509:Gujarat 1497:Narmada 1445:Avatars 1414:Parvati 1345:Tripura 1139:Puranam 1048:, from 1042:English 1019:Puranah 1012:Puranas 996:Advaita 984:Vaidika 980:Smritis 946:Jainism 916:and in 901: 885:: 834:Puranas 520:Itihasa 375:Puranas 352:Nirukta 342:Chandas 337:Shiksha 312:Tantras 284:Prashna 274:Mundaka 159:Samhita 130:Rigveda 9494:Modern 9447:(Sikh) 9420:Hadith 9408:Kojiki 9345:Talmud 9297:Tanakh 9265:Avesta 9259:Agamas 9159:Utsaha 9109:Sutram 9099:Sthiti 9094:Sphoṭa 9064:Sakshi 9049:Puruṣa 9029:Prajna 8994:Niyama 8954:Kasaya 8899:Dravya 8889:Dharma 8849:Bhuman 8839:Bhrama 8794:Ananta 8789:Anatta 8784:Aksara 8769:Ahimsa 8744:Abheda 8734:Abhava 8683:Raikva 8603:Kapila 8598:Kanada 8295:Modern 8269:Shaiva 8237:Dvaita 8139:Ajñana 8099:Shaiva 8057:Āstika 8040:Moksha 7993:Topics 7934:Portal 7838:Baháʼí 7742:Hindus 7720:Tilaka 7689:Others 7665:Ujjain 7660:Prayag 7655:Nashik 7595:Pongal 7533:Diwali 7486:Shudra 7445:Vivaha 7352:Dhyāna 7327:Bhajan 7317:Bhakti 7302:Temple 7256:Shakti 7164:Varuna 7107:Vishnu 7102:Brahma 6951:Sutras 6887:Agamas 6643:Smriti 6574:Dvaita 6539:Āstika 6484:Asteya 6479:Ahimsa 6465:Moksha 6450:Dharma 6363:topics 6279:Kapila 6274:Kalika 6226:Matsya 6216:Skanda 6201:Varaha 6191:Garuda 6176:Vishnu 6171:Vamana 6146:Brahma 6062:GRETIL 6043: 6024: 5996: 5959: 5935: 5918: 5885: 5866: 5833: 5814: 5784: 5765: 5746: 5727: 5708: 5677: 5656: 5633: 5624:Purāṇa 5594: 5573: 5542: 5521: 5493: 5476: 5429: 5407: 5289: 5208: 5188: 5081: 5059: 5042: 4982: 4965: 4886: 4878: 4829: 4790: 4751: 4695: 4678: 4661: 4416: 4387: 4259: 4169: 4047: 3927: 3801: 3763: 3501: 3469: 3383: 3331:Purana 3316: 3299: 3223: 3164: 3121: 3055: 3010: 2877:text ( 2843:Diwali 2794:Hindus 2634:Shakti 2464:Dharma 2460:Kshama 2452:Niyama 2444:Dharma 2405:bhakti 2390:moksha 2368:karmic 2250:Skanda 2198:Kalika 2194:Varuna 2188:Vamana 2184:Kapila 2064:Vamana 2056:Matsya 2052:Varaha 2044:Garuda 2036:Skanda 2028:Vishnu 1988:Skanda 1971:Shakti 1960:Brahma 1955:Brahma 1934:Deity 1919:, and 1917:Skanda 1909:Matsya 1884:Vamana 1882:, and 1864:Brahma 1859:Brahma 1847:Varaha 1845:, and 1835:Garuda 1827:Vishnu 1822:Vishnu 1817:Sattva 1782:sattva 1737:moksha 1733:Garuda 1724:Garuda 1705:Matsya 1696:Matsya 1660:Vamana 1643:Skanda 1619:Varaha 1604:Lingam 1584:Kaveri 1513:dharma 1460:Narada 1393:Purana 1360:Vishnu 1341:Bengal 1320:Odisha 1307:Brahma 1194:Dating 1135:Purana 1127:Purana 1123:Purana 1090:Purana 1086:Purana 1056:Origin 992:Dvaita 936:, and 934:Brahma 926:Vishnu 891:purāṇa 775:Stotra 648:sutras 483:Skanda 459:Matsya 444:Vamana 434:Garuda 419:Vishnu 385:Brahma 302:Agamas 260:Maitri 106:Smriti 101:Shruti 9402:Quran 9291:Bible 9253:Vedas 9174:Yamas 9169:Viraj 9144:Tyāga 9079:Satya 8979:Mokṣa 8949:Karma 8904:Dhrti 8829:Ātman 8814:Artha 8618:Vyasa 8498:Vedas 8479:Minor 8326:Texts 8074:Nyaya 8065:Hindu 8035:Artha 8015:Logic 7848:Islam 7826:India 7715:Bindi 7698:Other 7638:Ugadi 7633:Vishu 7466:Varna 7347:Tapas 7337:Yajna 7307:Murti 7241:Radha 7221:Durga 7216:Bhumi 7159:Surya 7139:Indra 7112:Shiva 6874:Other 6859:Kalpa 6749:Katha 6653:Vedas 6638:Śruti 6623:Texts 6553:Nyaya 6509:Damah 6499:Satya 6455:Artha 6433:Karma 6423:Atman 6377:Index 6299:Saura 6294:Samba 6269:Kalki 6236:Shiva 6231:Kurma 6211:Linga 6196:Padma 4884:S2CID 4876:JSTOR 4456:53.65 2853:Notes 2710:Nepal 2417:linga 2386:Mukti 2364:Utaya 2337:Vamśa 2318:Sarga 2229:Hamsa 2210:Surya 2207:Nandi 2203:Samba 2125:Durga 2068:Kurma 2011:Surya 2004:Linga 2000:Shiva 1995:Shiva 1964:Padma 1913:Kurma 1905:Linga 1901:Shiva 1896:Shiva 1891:Tamas 1854:Rajas 1843:Padma 1805:Guna 1794:tamas 1788:rajas 1680:Kurma 1632:Durga 1595:Linga 1580:Ganga 1541:Bihar 1501:Tapti 1469:Vedas 1410:Shiva 1377:Shiva 1331:Padma 1289:S.No. 1257:Texts 1174:Vyasa 1061:Vyasa 1050:*per- 1046:*pre- 1030:paros 1027:Greek 961:Vyasa 930:Shiva 922:Hindu 918:other 876:पुराण 478:Linga 473:Shiva 454:Kurma 439:Padma 357:Kalpa 250:Katha 123:Vedas 9394:Puya 9275:and 9230:List 9179:Yoga 8944:Kama 8924:Idam 8919:Hitā 8914:Guṇa 8879:Dāna 8764:Aham 8168:and 8149:Jain 8084:Yoga 8030:Kama 7890:List 7752:List 7679:Teej 7608:Bihu 7590:Onam 7538:Holi 7342:Homa 7322:Japa 7312:Puja 7272:more 7266:Sita 7251:Sati 7226:Kali 7175:more 7169:Vayu 7154:Rama 7119:Agni 7089:Gods 6769:Kena 6739:Isha 6548:Yoga 6514:Dayā 6504:Dāna 6474:Niti 6460:Kama 6428:Maya 6221:Agni 6206:Vayu 6041:ISBN 6022:ISBN 5994:ISBN 5975:2018 5957:ISBN 5933:ISBN 5916:OCLC 5883:ISBN 5864:ISBN 5831:ISBN 5812:ISBN 5782:ISBN 5763:ISBN 5744:ISBN 5725:ISBN 5706:ISBN 5693:2016 5675:ISBN 5654:ISBN 5631:ISBN 5610:2016 5592:ISBN 5571:ISBN 5558:2016 5540:ISBN 5519:ISBN 5491:ISBN 5474:ISBN 5427:ISBN 5405:ISBN 5305:2016 5287:ISBN 5206:ISBN 5186:ISBN 5079:ISBN 5057:ISBN 5040:ISBN 4980:ISBN 4963:ISBN 4845:2018 4827:ISBN 4806:2018 4788:ISBN 4749:ISBN 4693:ISBN 4676:ISBN 4659:ISBN 4414:ISBN 4385:ISBN 4368:2008 4257:ISBN 4167:ISBN 4045:ISBN 4001:2016 3943:2018 3925:ISBN 3817:2016 3799:ISBN 3779:2016 3761:ISBN 3499:ISBN 3485:2018 3467:ISBN 3399:2018 3381:ISBN 3314:ISBN 3297:ISBN 3239:2016 3221:ISBN 3180:2016 3162:ISBN 3119:ISBN 3071:2022 3053:ISBN 3008:ISBN 2904:and 2845:and 2839:Holi 2468:Kama 2448:Kama 2154:The 2107:and 2087:and 2048:Vayu 1948:Agni 1943:Agni 1921:Agni 1776:guna 1765:Bali 1741:Yoga 1532:Agni 1507:and 1499:and 1418:The 1384:The 1233:and 1147:and 1119:hotr 1117:the 1038:paro 1023:pura 994:and 944:and 905:IPA: 899:lit. 646:and 493:Agni 488:Vayu 240:Isha 221:Kena 112:List 9059:Ṛta 8894:Dhi 7764:Law 4868:doi 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