Q source - Knowledge

526:

longer necessary to preserve it, just as interest in copying Mark seems to have waned substantially once it was incorporated into Matthew. The editorial board of the International Q Project writes: "During the second century, when the canonizing process was taking place, scribes did not make new copies of Q, since the canonizing process involved choosing what should and what should not be used in the church service. Hence they preferred to make copies of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, where the sayings of Jesus from Q were rephrased to avoid misunderstandings, and to fit their own situations and their understanding of what Jesus had really meant."

44: 750: 444:, argue that Q's unity comes not only from its being shared by Matthew and Luke, but also because, in the layers of Q as reconstructed, the later layers build upon and presuppose the earlier ones, whereas the reverse is not the case. In this argument, evidence that Q has been revised is not evidence for disunity in Q, since the hypothesised revisions depend upon asymmetric logical connections between what are posited to be the later and earlier layers. 535:

that struck you?", found in both Matthew and Luke but not in Mark, although this "minor agreement" falls outside the usually accepted range of Q). The "minor agreements" call into question the proposition that Matthew and Luke knew Mark but not each other, e.g. Luke might have indeed been following Matthew, or at least a Matthew-like source. Peabody and McNicol argue that until a reasonable explanation is found the two-source hypothesis is not viable.

180:. However, copying Q might have been seen as unnecessary, as its contents were preserved in the canonical gospels. Hence, it may have been preferable to copy instead from the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, "where the sayings of Jesus from Q were rephrased to avoid misunderstandings, and to fit their own situations and their understanding of what Jesus had really meant". Despite challenges, the two-source hypothesis retains wide support. 611:

where one or more words are added to the Marcan text in both Matthew and Luke; these are called the "minor agreements" against Mark. Some 198 instances involve one word, 82 involve two words, 35 three, 16 four, and 16 instances involve five or more words in the extant texts of Matthew and Luke as compared to Marcan passages.

534:

The existence of the "minor agreements" within the two-source hypothesis has raised serious concerns. These minor agreements are those points where Matthew and Luke agree against or beyond Mark precisely within their Marcan verses (for example, the mocking question at the beating of Jesus, "Who is it

473:

If the two-source hypothesis is correct, then Q would probably have been a written document. If Q was a shared oral tradition, it is unlikely that it could account for the nearly identical word-for-word similarities between Matthew and Luke when quoting Q material. Similarly, it is possible to deduce

525:

The fact that no Q manuscripts exist today does not necessarily argue against its existence. Many early Christian texts no longer exist, and are only known of through citation or mention of them in surviving texts. Once Q's text was incorporated into the body of Matthew and Luke, it may have been no

610:

Two documents, both correcting Mark's language, adding birth narratives and a resurrection epilogue, and adding a large amount of "sayings material", are likely to resemble each other, rather than to have such similar scope by coincidence. Specifically, there are 347 instances (by Neirynck's count)

481:

The Q document must have been composed before Matthew and Luke; some scholars even suggest that Q predated Mark. A date for the final Q document is often placed in the 40s or 50s of the 1st century, with some arguing its so-called sapiential layer (1Q, containing six wisdom speeches) was written as

226:

speculated that Matthew's and Luke's authors drew the material they have in common with the Gospel of Mark from the Gospel of Mark. However, Matthew and Luke also share large sections of text not found in Mark. They suggested that neither Gospel drew upon the other, but upon a second common source,

485:

If Q existed, physical copies of it have since been lost. Some scholars, however, believe it can be partially reconstructed by examining elements common to Matthew and Luke (but absent from Mark). Versions of this reconstructed Q do not describe the events of Jesus' life: Q does not mention Jesus'

494:

The case for Q's existence follows from the argument that neither Matthew nor Luke is directly dependent on the other in the double tradition (defined by New Testament scholars as material that Matthew and Luke share that does not appear in Mark). However, the verbal agreement between Matthew and

469:

The relationship among the three synoptic gospels goes beyond mere similarity in viewpoint. The gospels often recount the same stories, usually in the same order, sometimes using the same words. Scholars note that the similarities among Mark, Matthew, and Luke are too great to be coincidental.

280:

manner of speech, and everyone translated them as well he could") as evidence of a separate source. Rather than the traditional interpretation—that Papias was referring to the writing of Matthew in Hebrew—Schleiermacher proposed that Papias was actually referring to a sayings collection of the

587:

Farrer, in his 1955 paper that first outlined this hypothesis, notes that when two documents contain common material, identical in the words and phrases they use to describe some scenes, the simplest explanation is that one of the two used the other as a source, rather than both using a third

413:

analyzing certain literary and thematic phenomena, argued that Q was composed in three stages. In the view of Kloppenborg, the earliest stage of its redaction was a collection of wisdom sayings involving issues such as poverty and discipleship. Then, he posits, this collection was expanded by

561:(Jerome), the Gospel of Mark is where it should be as it was the first gospel written and was used as a source for the later gospels. Following it should be Q; but not only is Q not where it should be at the top of Jerome's list, this treasured work recording the 319:-source'), because of Papias's statement, and Holtzmann gave it the symbol Lambda (Λ). However, toward the end of the 19th century, doubts began to grow about the propriety of anchoring its existence to Papias's account, with the symbol Q (which was devised by 385:

In the early 20th century, more than a dozen reconstructions of Q were made, but differed so much from each other that not a single verse of Matthew was present in all of them. As a result, interest in Q subsided, and the topic was neglected for many decades.

591:

Goulder points to common Matthean phrases such as "brood of vipers", "make fruit", and "cast into the fire" that each appear in Luke only once, in a Q passage. Goulder's conclusion, based on writing styles, is that Matthew is the source for these "Q"

517:

The presence of doublets, where Matthew and Luke sometimes each present two versions of a similar saying but in different context, only one of those versions appearing in Mark. Doublets may be considered a sign of two written sources, i.e., Mark and

292:, took Schleiermacher's suggestion of a sayings source and combined it with the idea of Marcan priority to formulate what is now called the Two-Source Hypothesis, in which both Matthew and Luke used Mark and the sayings source. 1811:

2002. pp. 255, 322 "Farnell's third axiom notes, quoting Linnemann, that the reason for four independent Gospels stems from the legal principle of Deuteronomy 19:15b: 'n the evidence of two or three witnesses a matter shall be

169:, Matthew and Luke both used Mark and Q as sources. Some scholars have postulated that Q is actually a plurality of sources, some written and some oral. Others have attempted to determine the stages in which Q was composed. 595:

Goodacre notes that there is no extant copy of Q and that no early church writer makes an unambiguous reference to a document resembling the Q that modern scholars have reconstructed from the common material in Luke and

1978:. 127.1991, pp. 1ff.; 128.1992, pp. 1ff.; 129.1993, pp. 1ff.; 130.1994, pp. 1ff.; 131.1995, pp. 1ff.; 132.1996, pp. 1ff.; 133.1997, pp. 750–56; 134.1998, pp. 1005–12; Introduction 334:

speculates that Matthew borrowed from both Mark and Q. For most scholars, Q accounts for what Matthew and Luke share—sometimes in exactly the same words—but that are absent in Mark. Examples are the Devil's three

233:

is seen by some as the first person to hypothesize the existence of a "narrative" source and a "sayings" source, although he included in the latter parables unique to Matthew and unique to Luke. In his 1801 work,

2086:

Peeters, Leuven 1996ff. (up to now twelve volumes: Q 4, 1–13 , Q 6, 20–21 , Q 6, 37–42 , Q 7, 1–10 , Q 11, 2b–4 , Q 11, 39–44 , Q 11, 46–52 , Q 12, 8–12 , Q 12, 33–34 , Q 12, 49–59 , Q 13, 34–35 , Q 22, 28.30 ),

495:

Luke is so close in some parts of the double tradition that the most reasonable explanation for this agreement is common dependence on a written source or sources. Even if Matthew and Luke are independent (see

381:

posited an early version of Matthew (Aramaic M or proto-Matthew) as the primary source. Parker argued that it was not possible to separate Streeter's "M" material from the material in Matthew parallel to Mark.

1321:, "A Statistical Study of the Synoptic Problem." Novum Testamentum August 10 – July (1968): 95–147. On page 96 Honoré compares the similarities between the three Gospels with the number of words in common. 97: 447:

Some biblical scholars believe that an unknown redactor composed a Greek-language proto-Gospel. It may have been circulating in written form about the time the Synoptic Gospels were composed (

503:

Sometimes the exactness in wording is striking, for example, Matthew 6:24 and Luke 16:13, (27 and 28 Greek words respectively); Matthew 7:7–8 and Luke 11:9–10, (24 Greek words each).

3430: 3212: 542:

argues that the existence of a treasured sayings document in circulation going unmentioned by early Church Fathers remains one of the great conundrums of modern

429:, have done just that. Basing their reconstructions primarily on the Gospel of Thomas and the oldest layer of Q, they propose that Jesus functioned as a wisdom 172:

Q's existence has been questioned. Omitting what should have been a highly treasured dominical document from all early Church catalogs, its lack of mention by

4194: 3207: 2492: 2099:

The Critical Edition of Q. Synopsis Including the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Mark and Thomas with English, German, and French Translations of Q and Thomas.

1532: 354:, lies behind the material in Matthew that has no parallel in Mark or Luke, and that some material present only in Luke might have come from an also unknown 604:

supports the concept of a "sayings gospel", Mark Goodacre points out that Q has a narrative structure as reconstructed and is not simply a list of sayings.

401:

proposed that such apocryphal Gospel could be the Q source, but most scholars reject this thesis and place Thomas in the first half of the 2nd century CE.

1792: 486:

birth, his selection of the 12 disciples, his crucifixion, or the resurrection. Instead, it appears to be a collection of Jesus' sayings and quotations.

157:; that most of its contents appear in Matthew, in Luke, or in both; and that Luke more often preserves the text's original order than Matthew. In the 373:

Throughout the remainder of the 20th century, there were various challenges and refinements of Streeter's hypothesis. For example, in his 1953 book

1171: 474:

that Q was written in Greek. If the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were referring to a document that had been written in some other language (such as

4189: 30:

This article is about the hypothetical source text used in the Christian Gospels. For the Hebrew Bible text denoted by the abbreviation Q, see

2191: 693: 521:

Luke mentions that he knows of other written sources of Jesus' life, and that he has investigated in order to gather the most information.

4087: 2239: 51:

document called "Q" as a source. Q was conceived as the most likely explanation behind the common material (mostly sayings) found in the

414:

including a layer of judgmental sayings directed against "this generation". The final stage included the Temptation of Jesus narrative.

4247: 3029: 2935: 2568: 362:

posits that underlying the Gospels of Matthew and Luke are at least four sources, namely the Gospel of Mark and three lost texts: Q,

3227: 579:

have also argued against Q, maintaining Marcan priority, claiming the use of Matthew by Luke. This view has come to be known as the

3265: 47:

The "Two-source Hypothesis" proposes that the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were written independently, each using Mark and a second

619:

that Matthew was the first Gospel, Mark the second, and Luke the third, and objected on similar grounds to those who hold to the

565:

of Christ is mentioned nowhere by Jerome. Rather, the first seminal document is not Q, but the Gospel according to the Hebrews.

417:

Although Kloppenborg cautioned against assuming that Q's composition history is the same as the history of the Jesus tradition (

4033: 2990: 4209: 2970: 2575: 2154: 2140: 2132: 2118: 2110: 2092: 2049: 1919: 1821: 1593: 1343: 1267: 663: 3232: 4293: 4044: 3495: 2271: 3476: 2985: 1845: 4214: 3222: 4388: 2424: 2171: 2077: 2063: 2011: 1997: 1961: 1947: 1933: 1879: 1662: 1629: 1511: 1450: 1370: 1240: 1151: 1042: 995: 948: 921: 894: 437:, though not all members affirm the two-source hypothesis. Kloppenborg is now a fellow of the Jesus Seminar himself. 4339: 3849: 3297: 2950: 1686: 421:, that the oldest layer of Q is necessarily the oldest and pure-layer Jesus tradition), some recent seekers of the 327:, meaning 'source') adopted instead to remain neutral about the connection of Papias to the collection of sayings. 3217: 1527: 4450: 2232: 550: 4204: 2179: 1720: 4240: 3628: 2035: 1143:

Narrative Elements in the Double Tradition: A Study of Their Place within the Framework of the Gospel Narrative

1015:"'Q.'" Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 499:), the Q hypothesis states that they used a common document. Arguments for Q being a written document include: 2203: 1789: 1388:, Christianity in the Making Volume 1: Jesus Remembered. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2003. p. 159 3653: 3466: 2044:

Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2002 (2nd edition 2007 / 3rd edition 2009 / 4th edition 2013),

556: 281:

apostle Matthew that was later used, together with narrative elements, by another "Matthew" and by the other

4199: 4070: 3258: 3021: 703: 4445: 4362: 4026: 3996: 3719: 3643: 3567: 1115: 719: 1187:

The Four Gospels. A Study of Origins Treating the Manuscript Tradition, Sources, Authorship, & Dates

451:, between late 50s and mid-90s AD). The name Q was coined by the German theologian and biblical scholar 4173: 3905: 3471: 2960: 2662: 2590: 2225: 2058:

Studiorum Novi Testamenti Auxilia 13. University Press, Leuven 1988 (2nd expanded edition 1995, 2001),

17: 647:

Some of the more notable portions of the New Testament are believed to have been first recorded in Q:

635:

that holds that the Mosaic requirement for "two witnesses" made two Jewish Gospels a necessity in the

4455: 4233: 3462: 3053: 2563: 1482: 1412: 698: 688: 293: 1416: 1397: 4383: 4344: 4061: 3552: 2997: 2980: 2647: 2627: 2188: 853: 359: 347: 289: 262: 150: 1956:

Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 140. 2 volumes, University Press, Leuven 1998,

1478: 1427: 1401: 4398: 4378: 4334: 3819: 3251: 987:

Oral Tradition and Literary Dependency: Variability and Stability in the Synoptic Tradition and Q

940:

Oral Tradition and Literary Dependency: Variability and Stability in the Synoptic Tradition and Q

162: 1975: 478:), it is highly unlikely that two independent translations would have exactly the same wording. 4306: 4095: 3663: 2940: 2642: 1549:

Pierson Parker (December 1940). "A Proto-Lucan basis for the Gospel according to the Hebrews".

781: 708: 651: 620: 616: 195: 149:, Q was hypothesized by 1900, and is one of the foundations of most modern gospel scholarship. 139: 1440: 1230: 1032: 985: 911: 886: 4393: 4324: 4301: 4021: 3829: 3779: 3607: 3547: 3500: 3491: 2945: 2768: 2733: 2697: 2637: 2209: 2125:

The Sayings Gospel Q in Greek and English with Parallels from the Gospels of Mark and Thomas.

1869: 1835: 1503: 1360: 938: 849: 845: 769: 730: 713: 683: 673: 632: 331: 166: 158: 1646: 1613: 1141: 1100: 546:. Pier Franco Beatrice argues that until these issues are resolved, Q will remain in doubt. 3764: 3658: 3592: 3515: 2682: 2585: 735: 658: 336: 266: 2600: 214:

is quite different from the other three, which because of their similarity are called the

8: 3986: 3804: 3754: 3689: 3530: 3481: 2783: 2605: 2521: 2516: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2487: 2482: 2477: 511: 507: 410: 394: 265:

in 1832. Schleiermacher interpreted an enigmatic statement by the early Christian writer

1788:, Leuven University Press, 1974. The results of Shandruk's analysis have been posted at 71:—are represented in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke here by green and teal respectively. 3900: 3834: 3799: 3684: 3612: 3520: 3505: 3014: 2965: 2955: 2808: 2788: 2718: 2667: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2102: 1566: 790: 31: 1784:

These statistics are taken from an analysis by Walter M. Shandruk of Frans Neirynck's

553:

was the basis for the synoptic tradition. They point out that in the first section of

43: 4329: 4273: 4079: 4038: 3884: 3774: 3587: 3557: 3542: 3525: 3486: 3438: 2652: 2632: 2558: 2548: 2543: 2248: 2150: 2136: 2128: 2114: 2106: 2088: 2073: 2059: 2045: 2031: 2016: 2007: 1993: 1971: 1957: 1943: 1929: 1915: 1912:

Q, the Earliest Gospel: An Introduction to the Original Stories and Sayings of Jesus.

1875: 1841: 1658: 1625: 1589: 1507: 1496: 1446: 1366: 1339: 1297: 1263: 1257: 1236: 1212: 1147: 1082: 1061: 1038: 991: 944: 917: 890: 879: 580: 199: 127: 52: 1954:

The Gospel of Matthew and the Sayings Source Q. A Cumulative Bibliography 1950–1995.

4265: 4256: 4168: 4001: 3744: 3577: 3572: 3562: 3510: 3191: 2753: 2748: 2702: 2672: 2657: 2615: 2580: 1558: 1028: 725: 601: 543: 539: 464: 422: 390: 297: 282: 215: 189: 177: 1970:

Society of Biblical Literature Seminar papers. Scholars Press, Atlanta 1965–2003,

1442:

The Jesus Crisis: The Inroads of Historical Criticism into Evangelical Scholarship

4316: 3839: 3789: 3734: 3597: 3045: 2778: 2728: 2687: 2195: 2183: 1796: 1536: 1186: 841: 628: 572: 496: 277: 236:

A dissertation on the Origin and Composition of our Three First Canonical Gospels

223: 146: 101: 138:. According to this hypothesis, this material was drawn from the early Church's 4354: 4283: 4278: 4006: 3965: 3809: 3784: 3759: 3633: 3274: 2930: 2904: 2793: 2773: 2763: 2595: 2166: 1385: 1331: 1166: 963: 775: 452: 441: 440:

However, scholars supporting the three-stage Q development hypothesis, such as

378: 320: 211: 207: 203: 135: 131: 60: 56: 1318: 4439: 3991: 3729: 3648: 3287: 2553: 2511: 2261: 967: 624: 576: 568: 426: 398: 230: 219: 1336:

The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings

3945: 3749: 3458: 2889: 2758: 1790:

http://neonostalgia.blogspot.com/2005/09/minor-agreements-against-mark.html

772: – Hypothesized source document containing sayings attributed to Jesus 755: 430: 249: 48: 4163: 3970: 3824: 3582: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 2803: 2677: 2620: 1060:(From the preface to the Sayings Gospel Q, International Q Project, 2001 678: 612: 506:

There is sometimes commonality in order between the two, for example the

154: 1763: 1539:, Novum Testamentum, 2006, vol. 48, no2, pp. 147–95 (ingentaconnect.com) 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 3874: 3638: 3602: 3535: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 2692: 2610: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 1786:

The Minor Agreements of Matthew of Luke and Mark with a Cumulative List

1748:

The Case Against Q: Studies in Marcan Priority and the Synoptic Problem

1570: 668: 2004:

An Aramaic Approach to Q: Sources for the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.

1494:

Peabody, David B.; McNicol, Allan James; Cope, Lamar (November 2002).

4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 3940: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3879: 3869: 3864: 3814: 3076: 3071: 2884: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 1724: 881:

Whoever Hears You Hears Me: Prophets, Performance, and Tradition in Q

314: 119: 2217: 1690: 1562: 1073:

D. R. W. Wood, New Bible Dictionary (InterVarsity Press, 1996), 739.

4424: 4419: 4225: 4016: 3769: 3704: 3699: 3037: 2975: 2925: 2738: 2723: 2202: 636: 367: 363: 261:

The next person to advance the "sayings" hypothesis was the German

68: 64: 840:' sayings. Acceptance of the theories of the existence of "Q" and 339:, the Beatitudes, the Lord's Prayer, and many individual sayings. 108:, meaning "source") is an alleged written collection of primarily 3960: 3930: 3844: 3724: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3243: 2899: 2879: 2854: 2813: 2176: 2127:

Managing Editor: Milton C. Moreland. Peeters Press, Leuven 2001,

1680:

Austin M. Farrer, "On Dispensing with Q" in D. E. Nineham (ed.),

763: 475: 300:

in 1863, and the two-source hypothesis has dominated ever since.

3935: 3925: 3794: 3714: 3679: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 2823: 2798: 1034:

The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition

173: 153:

formulated a widely accepted view of Q: that it was written in

2123:

James M. Robinson, Paul Hoffmann, John S. Kloppenborg (Eds.):

2097:

James M. Robinson, Paul Hoffmann, John S. Kloppenborg (Eds.):

1469:. Edited by R. Piper. Leiden: Brill, 1995 (especially p. 20). 3950: 3859: 3739: 3709: 3694: 3282: 2894: 2874: 2743: 2256: 837: 832: 785: 434: 305: 239: 121: 113: 109: 35: 1529:

The Gospel according to the Hebrews in the Apostolic Fathers

3955: 1837:

The Sayings of Jesus in The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles

1682:

Studies in the Gospels: Essays in Memory of R. H. Lightfoot

766: – Sayings of Jesus not found in the canonical Gospels 2042:

Die Spruchquelle Q. Studienausgabe Griechisch und Deutsch.

1871:

The Many Deaths of Judas Iscariot: A Meditation on Suicide

1362:

Rethinking the Gospel Sources: The unity or plurality of Q

877:

Horsley, Richard A.; Draper, Jonathan A. (November 1999).

631:, rejected Q, and Marcan priority, for a variation of the 296:

endorsed this approach in an influential treatment of the

1056: 1054: 2167:

Text and on-line resources for the Lost Sayings Gospel Q

350:

argued that a third hypothetical source, referred to as

276:("Matthew compiled the oracles (logia) of the Lord in a 607:

Other scholars have brought other arguments against Q:

458: 303:

At this time, the second source was usually called the

2147:

The Sayings of Jesus: The Sayings Gospel Q in English.

1465:

See C.M. Tuckett, "The Existence of Q", pp. 19–48, in

1051: 2177:

The New Testament Gateway: Synoptic Problem Web Sites

222:

scholars who rejected Matthew's priority in favor of

1684:(Oxford: Blackwell, 1955), pp. 55–88, reproduced at 745: 2056:

Q-synopsis. The Double Tradition Passages in Greek.

1750:(Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2002) 1714:For example, Michael Goulder, "Is Q a Juggernaut", 1498:

One Gospel from Two: Mark's Use of Matthew and Luke

1467:

The Gospel Behind the Gospels: Current Studies on Q

1438: 974:

HarperSanFrancisco. 1993. "Introduction," pp. 1–30.

784:– A similar theory surrounding the creation of the 1833: 1809:Three views on the origins of the Synoptic Gospels 1607: 1605: 1495: 1493: 1062:http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~kloppen/iqpqet.htm 878: 2072:Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1979/1982, 1284:The Lost Gospel: The Book Q and Christian Origins 126:). Q is part of the common material found in the 4437: 1990:The Lost Gospel Q: The Original Saying of Jesus. 1259:Jesus, apocalyptic prophet of the new millennium 1172:Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium 1023: 1021: 778: – Compiling events of the biblical gospels 694:The Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders 409:Redactional speculation, notably in the work of 248:) to denote the narrative source and the letter 1940:The Synoptic Problem. A Bibliography 1716–1988. 1602: 1487: 600:While supporters say that the discovery of the 1914:Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville 2008, 1867: 1548: 1255: 1123:Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 194:For centuries, biblical scholars followed the 4241: 3259: 2233: 1758: 1756: 1710: 1708: 1676: 1674: 1439:Thomas, Robert L.; David Farnell, F. (1998). 1262:. Internet Archive. Oxford University Press. 1203:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953. 1018: 876: 1952:Frans Neirynck, J. Verheyden, R. Corstjens: 913:Jesus Remembered: Christianity in the Making 809:This hypothetical lost text—also called the 253: 243: 4088:Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke 836:—is said to have comprised a collection of 554: 210:followed both Matthew and Mark in his (the 34:. For the far-right conspiracy theory, see 4248: 4234: 3266: 3252: 2240: 2226: 2200: 1942:New Gospel Studies 4. Mercer, Macon 1988, 1753: 1705: 1671: 1588:. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 111–134. 1101:Narrative Elements in the Double Tradition 1217:The Synoptic Problem: a Critical Analysis 1113: 1938:Thomas R. W. Longstaff, Page A. Thomas: 1228: 1190:. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1924. 1139: 1011: 1009: 1007: 206:used Matthew in the writing of his, and 42: 2204:"Jesu Logia ("Sayings of Jesus")" 1718:115 (1996), pp. 667–681, reproduced at 1358: 1027: 983: 936: 14: 4438: 2040:Paul Hoffmann, Christoph Heil (Eds.): 1644: 1611: 1583: 1330: 957: 63:. Material from two other sources—the 27:Hypothetical source of gospel contents 4229: 3247: 2247: 2221: 1988:Marcus J. Borg, Thomas Moore (Eds.): 1004: 916:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 192–210. 4255: 2213:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2135:/ Fortress Press, Minneapolis 2002, 2113:/ Fortress Press, Minneapolis 2000, 1928:Vier Türme, Münsterschwarzach 2003, 1766:. Markgoodacre.org. January 10, 2003 1379: 1175:, Oxford University Press, pp. 80–81 1146:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 9–10. 1116:"The Date of Papias: A Reassessment" 909: 652:John the Baptist's "Brood of Vipers" 459:Synoptic Gospels and the nature of Q 344:The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins 4045:Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im 3030:The Gospel According to St. Matthew 2028:Q: A Reconstruction and Commentary. 1586:The Gospel According to the Hebrews 1229:Harrison, Everett Falconer (1964). 910:Dunn, James D. G. (July 29, 2003). 642: 254: 244: 24: 3273: 2149:Fortress Press, Minneapolis 2002, 1899: 1114:Yarbrough, Robert W. (June 1983). 990:. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 192–286. 664:Healing the mother of Peter's wife 25: 4467: 4389:Priority of the Gospel of Marcion 2201:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 2160: 2006:Cambridge University Press 2002, 1746:See, for example, Mark Goodacre, 1232:Introduction to the New Testament 844:are the two key elements in the " 529: 4340:Matthean Posteriority hypothesis 1868:A. M. H. Saari (July 26, 2006). 1338:. New York: Oxford. p. 84. 1235:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 152. 1037:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 228. 943:. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 54–99. 748: 704:The Parable of the Wedding Feast 258:) to denote the sayings source. 2082:James M. Robinson u.a. (Eds.): 1861: 1827: 1824:by the International Q Project. 1815: 1801: 1778: 1740: 1638: 1577: 1542: 1520: 1472: 1459: 1432: 1421: 1406: 1391: 1359:Burkett, Delbert Royce (2009). 1352: 1324: 1312: 1290: 1276: 1249: 1222: 1206: 1193: 1178: 1160: 1133: 1107: 1092: 1076: 1067: 551:Gospel according to the Hebrews 389:Following the discovery of the 3649:Nunc dimittis (Song of Simeon) 2105:. Peeters Press, Leuven 2000, 1716:Journal of Biblical Literature 1551:Journal of Biblical Literature 977: 930: 903: 870: 803: 404: 13: 1: 3654:Parable of the Unjust Steward 1104:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 4–5. 863: 699:The Parable of the Lost Sheep 549:Some scholars argue that the 489: 270: 202:was the first to be written, 2030:Peeters Press, Leuven 2005, 984:Mournet, Terence C. (2005). 937:Mournet, Terence C. (2005). 829:, and (in the 19th century) 684:Judge not, lest ye be judged 315: 238:, he used the Hebrew letter 120: 7: 4363:Jerusalem school hypothesis 4027:Jerusalem school hypothesis 3644:New Wine into Old Wineskins 1834:Clayton N. Jefford (1989). 1764:"Ten Reasons to Question Q" 741: 720:the blind leading the blind 615:(1913–1996) adhered to the 583:. Their arguments include: 425:, including members of the 10: 4472: 4174:Ohrid Glagolitic fragments 3496:Presentation at the Temple 2961:Five Discourses of Matthew 2194:December 17, 2016, at the 1968:Q Bibliography Supplement. 1926:Was sagte Jesus wirklich?. 1140:Hultgren, Stephen (2002). 1098:Hultgren, Stephen (2002). 709:The Parable of the Talents 462: 187: 183: 114: 29: 4407: 4371: 4353: 4315: 4292: 4263: 4210:American Standard Version 4182: 4106: 4054: 3979: 3893: 3672: 3621: 3451: 3429: 3296: 3281: 3228:American Standard Version 3200: 3064: 3054:The Visual Bible: Matthew 3006: 2913: 2847: 2711: 2564:Massacre of the Innocents 2534: 2423: 2270: 2255: 2172:Internationales Q-Projekt 2145:James M. Robinson (Ed.): 1535:October 24, 2012, at the 1502:. A&C Black. p. 966:, Roy W. Hoover, and the 885:. A&C Black. p. 714:The Parable of the Leaven 689:The Test of a Good Person 627:, formerly a follower of 294:Heinrich Julius Holtzmann 176:is a conundrum of modern 4384:Hebrew Gospel hypothesis 4345:Four-document hypothesis 3477:John the Baptist's Birth 2981:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 2628:Jesus preaches in a ship 1874:. Taylor & Francis. 1219:, Macmillan, 1981 p. 196 1089:, 1964, Macmillan, p. 14 796: 348:Burnett Hillman Streeter 290:Christian Hermann Weisse 288:In 1838 another German, 263:Friedrich Schleiermacher 4399:Independence hypothesis 4379:Multi-source hypothesis 4335:Three-source hypothesis 3997:Authorship of Luke–Acts 2986:Rabbinical translations 2021:Sprüche und Reden Jesu. 1584:Lillie, Arthur (2005). 1256:Bart D. Ehrman (1999). 823:Synoptic Sayings Source 433:, rather than a Jewish 163:three-source hypothesis 4451:Hypothetical documents 4307:Augustinian hypothesis 3790:Mary, sister of Martha 3664:The four woes of Jesus 3472:Adoration of shepherds 2941:Augustinian hypothesis 2779:Mary, sister of Martha 2054:Frans Neirynck (Ed.): 2026:Harry T. Fleddermann: 2023:Hinrichs, Leipzig 1907 1924:Klaus-Stefan Krieger: 1795:March 9, 2014, at the 1687:"On Dispensing With Q" 1645:Jerome, Saint (1999). 1612:Jerome, Saint (1999). 1526:Pier Franco Beatrice, 1201:The Gospel Before Mark 782:Documentary hypothesis 617:Augustinian hypothesis 555: 538:New Testament scholar 375:The Gospel Before Mark 218:). Nineteenth-century 196:Augustinian hypothesis 140:oral gospel traditions 105: 72: 4325:Two-source hypothesis 4302:Two-gospel hypothesis 4215:World English Version 4022:Two-gospel hypothesis 3780:Mary, mother of Jesus 3501:Finding in the Temple 3233:World English Version 2951:Matthean Posteriority 2946:Two-gospel hypothesis 2638:Feeding the multitude 2601:Behold the bridegroom 2210:Catholic Encyclopedia 2182:July 9, 2007, at the 1910:John S. Kloppenborg: 1286:. Macmillan Co. 1993. 1184:Streeter, Burnett H. 850:Gospel of the Hebrews 846:two-source hypothesis 770:Common Sayings Source 731:Expounding of the Law 657:Some portions of the 633:Two Gospel hypothesis 588:document as a source. 332:two-source hypothesis 159:two-source hypothesis 46: 4394:Q+/Papias hypothesis 4372:Other or no priority 3659:Rich man and Lazarus 3459:Annunciation to Mary 2998:Joseph Smith–Matthew 2683:Crucifixion of Jesus 1992:Ulysses Press 1996, 1721:"Is Q a Juggernaut?" 1445:. pp. 136–140. 1087:The Synoptic Problem 1031:(October 16, 2009). 842:the priority of Mark 736:The Birds of the Air 659:Temptation of Christ 557:De Viris Illustribus 544:Biblical scholarship 337:temptations of Jesus 267:Papias of Hierapolis 178:Biblical scholarship 167:Q+/Papias hypothesis 3987:Luke the Evangelist 3755:Joseph of Arimathea 3531:Sermon on the Plain 3482:Census of Quirinius 2606:Sermon on the Mount 1822:Reconstruction of Q 1693:on February 1, 2009 512:Sermon on the Mount 508:Sermon on the Plain 411:John S. Kloppenborg 395:Nag Hammadi library 4446:Biblical criticism 4294:Matthaean priority 4205:King James Version 4075:(Penderecki, 1966) 3521:Calling of Matthew 3223:King James Version 3015:St Matthew Passion 2966:Calling of Matthew 2956:Genealogy of Jesus 2569:Return to Nazareth 2103:Milton C. Moreland 2068:Athanasius Polag: 1966:David M. Scholer: 1651:On illustrious men 1618:On illustrious men 1365:. pp. 47–48. 791:Apocryphal gospels 482:early as the 30s. 128:Gospels of Matthew 81:The Sayings Gospel 73: 32:Codex Marchalianus 4433: 4432: 4330:Farrer hypothesis 4274:Gospel of Matthew 4223: 4222: 4039:Gospel of Marcion 3885:Seventy disciples 3805:Philip (tetrarch) 3558:Great Commandment 3543:Calming the storm 3526:Counting the cost 3467:and the shepherds 3447: 3446: 3241: 3240: 2971:Kingdom of heaven 2653:Great Commandment 2633:Calming the storm 2591:Galilean ministry 2576:Kingdom of heaven 2559:Flight into Egypt 2549:Star of Bethlehem 2530: 2529: 2249:Gospel of Matthew 2155:978-0-8006-3451-3 2141:978-0-8006-3494-0 2133:978-90-429-1056-0 2119:978-0-8006-3149-9 2111:978-90-429-0926-7 2101:Managing Editor: 2093:978-90-429-3053-7 2050:978-3-534-26266-3 2017:Adolf von Harnack 1920:978-0-664-23222-1 1807:Robert L. Thomas 1595:978-1-4253-7051-0 1386:Dunn, James D. G. 1345:978-0-19-515462-7 1269:978-0-19-512473-6 1213:William R. Farmer 1083:William R. Farmer 1029:Edwards, James R. 972:The Five Gospels. 848:". (See also the 674:Love your enemies 581:Farrer hypothesis 200:Gospel of Matthew 53:Gospel of Matthew 16:(Redirected from 4463: 4456:Synoptic problem 4408:Possible sources 4266:Synoptic Gospels 4257:Synoptic problem 4250: 4243: 4236: 4227: 4226: 4200:Wycliffe Version 4169:Codex Nitriensis 4034:Textual variants 4002:Synoptic Gospels 3800:Philip (apostle) 3745:John the Baptist 3578:Passion of Jesus 3573:Olivet Discourse 3548:Feeding the 5000 3294: 3293: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3218:Wycliffe Version 3192:Magdalen papyrus 3018:(Bach, 1727/29) 2936:Textual variants 2754:John the Baptist 2703:Great Commission 2673:Passion of Jesus 2658:Olivet Discourse 2643:Walking on water 2268: 2267: 2242: 2235: 2228: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2206: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1805: 1799: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1760: 1751: 1744: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1723:. Archived from 1712: 1703: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1689:. 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4349: 4317:Marcan priority 4311: 4288: 4259: 4254: 4224: 4219: 4178: 4102: 4072:St Luke Passion 4063:St Luke Passion 4050: 3975: 3889: 3840:Tiberius Caesar 3735:Herod the Great 3668: 3617: 3553:Transfiguration 3443: 3425: 3285: 3277: 3272: 3242: 3237: 3196: 3060: 3002: 2909: 2843: 2707: 2648:Transfiguration 2536: 2526: 2419: 2259: 2251: 2246: 2196:Wayback Machine 2189:Q Web Materials 2184:Wayback Machine 2163: 2002:Maurice Casey: 1902: 1900:Further reading 1897: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1866: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1832: 1828: 1820: 1816: 1806: 1802: 1797:Wayback Machine 1783: 1779: 1769: 1767: 1762: 1761: 1754: 1745: 1741: 1730: 1728: 1727:on July 8, 2007 1719: 1713: 1706: 1696: 1694: 1685: 1679: 1672: 1665: 1643: 1639: 1632: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1582: 1578: 1563:10.2307/3262407 1547: 1543: 1537:Wayback Machine 1525: 1521: 1514: 1492: 1488: 1477: 1473: 1464: 1460: 1453: 1437: 1433: 1426: 1422: 1411: 1407: 1396: 1392: 1384: 1380: 1373: 1357: 1353: 1346: 1332:Ehrman, Bart D. 1329: 1325: 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4261: 4260: 4253: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4230: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4100: 4092: 4084: 4076: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4007:Gospel of Mark 4004: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3966:Sea of Galilee 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3810:Pontius Pilate 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3785:Mary Magdalene 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3760:Judas Iscariot 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3634:Fishers of men 3631: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3588:Pilate's court 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3441: 3435: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3302: 3300: 3291: 3279: 3278: 3275:Gospel of Luke 3271: 3270: 3263: 3256: 3248: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3050: 3042: 3041:(1971 musical) 3034: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3003: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2931:Gospel of Mark 2928: 2923: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2905:Sea of Galilee 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2794:Pontius Pilate 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2774:Mary Magdalene 2771: 2766: 2764:Judas Iscariot 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2603: 2598: 2596:Fishers of men 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2540: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2517:27:1–12; 52–66 2514: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2429: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2276: 2274: 2265: 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Streeter 136:Gospel of Mark 61:Gospel of Mark 57:Gospel of Luke 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4468: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4195:Latin Vulgate 4193: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4091:(2007, radio) 4090: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 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BRILL. 1770:April 15, 1304:April 15, 621:Griesbach 98:‹See Tfd› 4425:L source 4420:M source 4415:Q source 4017:L source 4012:Q source 3770:Lysanias 3705:Caiaphas 3700:Augustus 3298:Chapters 3046:Godspell 3038:Godspell 2991:Shem Tob 2976:Immanuel 2926:M source 2921:Q source 2739:Jeremiah 2724:Caiaphas 2272:Chapters 2192:Archived 2180:Archived 1793:Archived 1731:July 17, 1533:Archived 1334:(2004). 854:Streeter 811:Q Gospel 742:See also 637:Diaspora 596:Matthew. 592:sayings. 346:(1924), 165:and the 85:Q Gospel 77:Q source 69:L source 67:and the 65:M source 55:and the 4183:Sources 3980:Related 3961:Samaria 3931:Galilee 3906:Bethany 3901:Abilene 3845:Zebedee 3765:Lazarus 3725:Gabriel 3622:Phrases 3511:Baptism 3201:Sources 2914:Related 2900:Samaria 2880:Galilee 2855:Bethany 2814:Zebedee 2784:Matthew 2581:Baptism 2508:16:2b–3 1983:Studies 1571:3262407 764:Agrapha 654:polemic 476:Aramaic 393:in the 184:History 95:; from 4067:(1730) 3936:Iturea 3926:Emmaus 3894:Places 3860:Angels 3856:Groups 3835:Thomas 3820:Simeon 3795:Naaman 3775:Martha 3750:Joseph 3715:Elisha 3685:Andrew 3680:Abijah 3673:People 3598:Burial 3452:Events 3431:Verses 3306:Luke 1 2848:Places 2824:Angels 2820:Groups 2809:Thomas 2799:Rachel 2789:Philip 2759:Joseph 2719:Andrew 2712:People 2688:Burial 2535:Events 2493:13:1–3 2425:Verses 2153: 2139: 2131: 2117: 2109: 2091: 2076: 2062: 2048: 2034: 2010: 1996: 1974: 1960: 1946: 1932: 1918: 1878: 1844: 1661: 1628: 1592: 1569: 1510: 1449: 1369: 1342: 1266: 1239: 1150: 1041: 994: 947: 920: 893: 825:, the 821:, the 817:, the 813:, the 575:, and 397:, the 366:, and 325:Quelle 278:Hebrew 174:Jerome 161:, the 106:Quelle 102:German 4080:Jesus 3951:Judea 3710:David 3695:Annas 3283:Bible 2895:Judea 2875:Egypt 2734:James 2729:Herod 2257:Bible 1567:JSTOR 1119:(PDF) 889:–74. 838:Jesus 833:Logia 797:Notes 786:Torah 563:Logia 435:rabbi 330:This 316:logia 309:, or 306:Logia 240:aleph 122:logia 115:λόγια 110:Jesus 91:, or 36:QAnon 4264:The 3956:Nain 3690:Anna 3494:and 2769:Mary 2749:John 2554:Magi 2151:ISBN 2137:ISBN 2129:ISBN 2115:ISBN 2107:ISBN 2089:ISBN 2074:ISBN 2060:ISBN 2046:ISBN 2032:ISBN 2008:ISBN 1994:ISBN 1972:ISSN 1958:ISBN 1944:ISBN 1930:ISBN 1916:ISBN 1889:2012 1876:ISBN 1855:2012 1842:ISBN 1772:2012 1733:2007 1699:2011 1659:ISBN 1626:ISBN 1590:ISBN 1508:ISBN 1506:–6. 1447:ISBN 1367:ISBN 1340:ISBN 1306:2012 1264:ISBN 1237:ISBN 1148:ISBN 1039:ISBN 992:ISBN 945:ISBN 918:ISBN 891:ISBN 852:and 831:The 724:The 510:and 449:i.e. 431:sage 419:i.e. 250:beth 208:Luke 204:Mark 132:Luke 130:and 75:The 4164:111 3187:110 3182:105 3177:104 3172:103 3167:102 3162:101 1653:3:1 1620:1:4 1559:doi 887:150 342:In 4442:: 4159:97 4154:82 4149:75 4144:69 4139:45 4134:42 3465:, 3461:, 3421:24 3416:23 3411:22 3406:21 3401:20 3396:19 3391:18 3386:17 3381:16 3376:15 3371:14 3366:13 3361:12 3356:11 3351:10 3157:96 3152:86 3147:83 3142:77 3137:73 3132:71 3127:70 3122:62 3117:53 3112:45 3107:44 3102:37 3097:35 3092:25 3087:21 3082:19 2522:28 2512:19 2503:15 2498:14 2488:12 2483:11 2478:10 2415:28 2410:27 2405:26 2400:25 2395:24 2390:23 2385:22 2380:21 2375:20 2370:19 2365:18 2360:17 2355:16 2350:15 2345:14 2340:13 2335:12 2330:11 2325:10 2207:. 2019:: 1755:^ 1707:^ 1673:^ 1604:^ 1565:. 1555:59 1553:. 1415:, 1400:, 1215:, 1169:, 1127:26 1125:. 1121:. 1085:, 1053:^ 1020:^ 1006:^ 970:. 856:.) 571:, 518:Q. 455:. 377:, 370:. 313:(' 285:. 271:c. 269:, 142:. 118:, 104:: 87:, 83:, 4249:e 4242:t 4235:v 4129:7 4124:4 4119:3 3346:9 3341:8 3336:7 3331:6 3326:5 3321:4 3316:3 3311:2 3290:) 3286:( 3267:e 3260:t 3253:v 3077:4 2510:, 2473:9 2468:8 2463:7 2458:6 2453:5 2448:4 2443:3 2438:2 2320:9 2315:8 2310:7 2305:6 2300:5 2295:4 2290:3 2285:2 2264:) 2260:( 2241:e 2234:t 2227:v 1891:. 1857:. 1774:. 1737:. 1735:. 1701:. 1667:. 1634:. 1598:. 1573:. 1561:: 1516:. 1504:1 1481:, 1455:. 1375:. 1348:. 1308:. 1272:. 1245:. 1156:. 1064:) 1047:. 1000:. 953:. 926:. 899:. 514:. 368:L 364:M 356:L 352:M 255:ב 252:( 245:א 242:( 93:Q 38:. 20:)

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