412:
as stated by the
Israeli forces, there should have been only one main point of impact. (b) The pattern of impacts is inconsistent with a normal overshooting of the declared target (the mortar site) by a few rounds, as suggested by the Israeli forces. (c) During the shelling, there was a perceptible shift in the weight of fire from the mortar site to the United Nations compound. (d) The distribution of point impact detonations and air bursts makes it improbable that impact fuses and proximity fuses were employed in random order, as stated by the Israeli forces. (e) There were no impacts in the second target area which the Israeli forces claim to have shelled. (f) Contrary to repeated denials, two Israeli helicopters and a remotely piloted vehicle were present in the Qana area at the time of the shelling. While the possibility cannot be ruled out completely, it is unlikely that the shelling of the United Nations compound was the result of gross technical and/or procedural errors.
506:
bastards fire at you, what can you do? He told us we were firing well and we should keep it up, and that Arabs, you know there are millions of them," Soldier A was quoted as saying. Another artilleryman, Soldier T, was quoted as saying that "no-one spoke about it as if it was a mistake. We did our job and we are at peace with that. Even 'S' told us we were great and that they were just a bunch of Arabs (in Hebrew, 'arabushim')...How many Arabs are there and how many Jews? A few 'arabushim' die, there is no harm in that." Similar sentiments were expressed by another soldier, Soldier Y, who remarked, "it's a war, in a war these things happen...It's just a bunch of Arabs. Why are you taking it so hard?" An official army spokesman's statement questioned the accuracy of
1407:"The tragic events that took place at Qana on 18 April 1996 were brought on by a series of violent Hezbollah attacks against northern Israel. In the absence of any Lebanese effort or action to prevent them, Israel was left with no option but a military one. The responsibility for those events lies squarely on theshoulders of the terrorist elements who are prepared to wage their fanatic war against Israel and the peace process to the last drop of Lebanese blood. Such responsibility lies equally with the Lebanese governmental authorities who only justify, encourage and support such acts, and in doing so conveniently look the other way as others turn their country into a terrorist haven."
180:. According to Israel, it had launched the artillery barrage to cover an Israeli special forces unit after it had come under mortar fire launched from the vicinity of the compound and radioed a request for support. Israel's claims were refuted by a United Nations investigation which later found that the Israeli shelling was deliberate, based on video evidence showing an Israeli reconnaissance drone over the compound before the shelling. The Israeli government at first denied the existence of the drone, but then said, after being told of the video evidence, that the drone was on a different mission. Israel rejected the findings of the UN report concerning the incident.
455:
intention of
Hezbollah in choosing that location for the mortar was unclear; it might have been to shield themselves against an IDF counter-attack in the belief that the UN compound would be too close for the IDF to respond. Even if this was not the intention of Hezbollah, by taking up positions where they did they clearly were reckless as to the consequences this might have for the civilians in the immediate area. In either case, this was a clear breach of the laws of war prohibiting the use of civilian populations as a shield. Nonetheless, the Amnesty International investigation concluded, "Hizbullah’s action in no way justifies the IDF attack on the compound."
308:
meters from the compound, which fired a total of eight 120 mm mortar rounds at the force. According to eyewitnesses, the mortar team then ran to the compound and took refuge there. Bennett radioed for support, and minutes later, the IDF identified the source of the firing. As it was determined that no ground forces could reach the commandos to provide support, the decision was made to launch an artillery barrage instead. An
Israeli artillery battalion positioned just inside Lebanon was called in to provide fire support, and the call for fire was assigned to a single battery of four
1410:"Any damage caused to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) as a result of military operations conducted in self-defence is, therefore, the direct consequence of terrorist aggression and Lebanese collusion. Both United Nations and Israeli investigations confirmed separately the activity of terrorist elements close to the UNIFIL battalion headquarters at the time. It was that activity which elicited the artillery response that is blamed for this damage. The terrorists and their patterns should be held fully accountable for such misdeeds..."
276:, while Israel was firing over 3,000 shells, conducting 200 missile raids a day into Lebanon, and firing from gunboats on the refugee-crowded roads to Beirut. From 600 to 800 Beirut refugees were crowded in there on April 18. This tactic was widely discussed, and well known to the Hezbollah fighters and Lebanese citizens. Beginning with the second day of combat the IDF had been bombing within 10 minutes directly at any source of fire discovered by reconnaissance. According to a UN report, on April 18
292:(d) The United Nations compound at Qana had taken in a large number of Lebanese seeking shelter from Israeli bombardments. By Sunday, 14 April, 745 persons were in the compound. On 18 April, the day of the shelling, their number is estimated to have been well over 800. When the Fijian soldiers heard the mortar being fired not far from their compound, they began immediately to move as many of the civilians as possible into shelters so that they would be protected from any Israeli retaliation.
289:(c) About 15 minutes before the shelling, they fired between five and eight rounds of 120 millimetre mortar from a location 220 metres south-west of the centre of the compound. The location was identified on the ground. According to witnesses, the mortar was installed there between 1100 and 1200 hours that day, but no action was taken by UNIFIL personnel to remove it. (On 15 April, a Fijian had been shot in the chest as he tried to prevent Hezbollah fighters from firing rockets.)
195:
56:
583:, who headed the IDF Northern Command at the time, also defended Bennett's actions, stating that he "commanded a force that operated deep in enemy territory and performed admirably" and that the IDF was forced to initiate rescue fire after the force was exposed and mortar fire began falling close to the troops. According to Levin, Bennett "demonstrated level-headedness and did not panic."
427:
intention whatsoever of firing on the UN position at Kana. Our investigation has shown that the UN position was hit by artillery fire due to incorrect targeting based on erroneous data. The IAF drone shown on videotape did not reach the area until after the UN position was hit and was not an operational component in the targeting of
Israeli artillery fire in the area;
324:(FMR) showed an unmanned drone and two helicopters in the vicinity at the time of the shelling. An Israeli government spokesman confirmed there was a drone in the area, but stated that it did not detect civilians in the compound. The IDF initially and repeatedly claimed, in response to the UN investigator, Dutch major-general
232:(IDF) declared: "The residents in south Lebanon who are under the responsibility of Hezbollah will be hit harder, and the Hezbollah will be hit harder, and we will find the way to act correctly and quickly." On April 11, after initial strikes against Hezbollah positions, the Israeli government, through
486:
Votes to reaffirm the resolution that Israel should pay the costs of damage appeared before the
General Assembly every year until 2003 with the same pattern—one third for, one third abstaining, two (United States and Israel) against. The United States claims that financial resolutions, such as this,
475:
On 12 May 1997 Arab members of the United
Nations financial committee lodged a claim against Israel for the cost of the damage the shelling caused to the UN base in Qana. It was calculated $ 893,319 was spent on reconstructing the base and treating the UN casualties. An additional $ 880,000 was spent
446:
conducted an on-site investigation of the incident in collaboration with military experts, using interviews with UNIFIL staff and civilians in the compound, and posing questions to the IDF, who did not reply. Amnesty concluded, "the IDF intentionally attacked the UN compound, although the motives for
411:
The UN appointed military advisor Major-General
Franklin van Kappen of the Netherlands to investigate the incident. His conclusions were: (a) The distribution of impacts at Qana shows two distinct concentrations, whose mean points of impact are about 140 metres apart. If the guns were converged,
307:
was sent into
Hezbollah territory to hunt for rocket launchers and enemy fighters. On April 18, they had been operating in Lebanon for eight days when a sub-unit of the force came under Hezbollah mortar fire at 1:52 PM as it advanced near Qana from a Hezbollah mortar team positioned at a cemetery 170
550:
Criticism of
Bennett's actions emerged during the lead up to the March 2015 Israeli elections, during which Bennett was leading one of the parties. Journalist Yigal Sarna claimed that Bennett had changed operational plans without consulting his superiors, whom he viewed as cowardly, and proceeded to
223:
broke down. During the five weeks of fighting between March 4 and April 10, seven
Israeli soldiers, three Lebanese civilians and at least one Hezbollah fighter were killed. The tally of injured was sixteen Israeli soldiers, seven Lebanese civilians, and six Israeli civilians. On April 9, in response
530:. Yaalon, who was a visiting scholar in Washington, reportedly refused the papers serving the lawsuit. Among the plaintiffs named in the lawsuit are Saadallah Ali Belhas and his son Ali Saadallah Belhas who lost 31 family members in the shelling including their respective wives and 12 children. The
466:
concurred, "The decision of those who planned the attack to choose a mix of high-explosive artillery shells that included deadly anti-personnel shells designed to maximize injuries on the ground—and the sustained firing of such shells, without warning, in close proximity to a large concentration of
454:
Amnesty International said it was also clear that Hezbollah fired a mortar from a position within 200 metres of the periphery of the UN compound. All indications were that they were firing at an IDF patrol who had infiltrated north of the security zone and had apparently been laying mines. The
450:
Amnesty International could not establish with certainty whether or not the IDF knew that Lebanese civilians were sheltering in the compound when it was attacked. However, Israel knew that UN positions are not legitimate targets and fact that the attack proceeded indicated a callous disregard for
555:
citing an anonymous "senior army figure" reported that Bennett's radio call for support was "hysterical" and contributed to the outcome that ensued. Bennett's deputy during the operation dismissed Drucker's charges as “Vanity of vanities, nonsense, a pile of bullshit". Bennett's position was also
430:
3. It is difficult to understand and highly regrettable that this report does not condemn Hizbullah for the cynical use of civilians as a shield for its gunmen, nor does it continue any condemnation of Hizbullah's use of areas contiguous or in close proximity to UN positions for launching attacks
426:
2. Israel profoundly regrets the loss of human life at Kana and has thoroughly investigated this tragic incident which was caused, first and foremost, by the firing of Katyusha rockets and mortars by Hizbullah from a location in close proximity to the UN position; We reiterate that the IDF had no
505:
published the personal accounts of several members of the Israeli artillery battery responsible for the shelling of the Qana camp. The soldiers spoke under condition of anonymity. One acknowledged that they were encouraged by their commander after the attack: "He told us it was war. Come on, the
312:
155 mm howitzers. From 2:07 PM to 2:12 PM, the battery fired 36 high explosive shells, consisting of 26 point-detonating fuze rounds and 10 variable time fuze rounds, all of which missed the area where the mortar had been fired from. The compound was hit by 13 shells, four point direct fuze
350:
The Israeli government immediately expressed regret for the loss of innocent lives, saying that the Hezbollah position and not the UN compound was the intended target of the shelling, and that the compound was hit "due to incorrect targeting based on erroneous data." Army Deputy Chief of Staff
434:
4. This inaccurate and one sided report is misleading, runs contrary to the stated desire of the UN to play a more active role in the Middle East peace process and undermines its ability to do so. Israel hopes that the understanding reached between the various sides will engender the calm and
328:'s questioning, that no drone was flying in the area before or during the shelling. All eyewitnesses testified that during the attack a pilotless drone hovered over the camp. The truth only emerged when the UNIFIL soldier secretly delivered the tape to Beirut-based journalist
313:
rounds and nine variable time fuze rounds. The commandos were subsequently extracted by helicopter. As a result of the shelling, 106 civilians died, one Christian, the rest Shias, with more wounded. One man, Saadallah Balhas, lost 37 members of his family in the strike.
447:
doing so remain unclear. The IDF have failed to substantiate their claim that the attack was a mistake. Even if they were to do so they would still bear responsibility for killing so many civilians by taking the risk to launch an attack so close to the UN compound."
487:
had to be adopted by consensus to apply, and Israel rejected any responsibility for it, claiming that "any damage caused to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)", is "the direct consequence of terrorist aggression and Lebanese collusion."
371:
on April 18 defended the shelling: "I don't see any mistake in judgment… We fought Hezbollah there , and when they fire on us, we will fire at them to defend ourselves… I don't know any other rules of the game, either for the army or for civilians…"
576:, who noted that "Even if we assume for a moment that he was indeed hysterical on the radio, because his soldiers were in danger — Bennett wouldn’t be the first or last company commander in IDF history to have that happen to him."
271:
compound at Qana, a UN battalion headquarters for 18 years, well-marked on Israeli maps, and bearing white and black UN signs. By April 16, Hezbollah had fired 120 Katyusha rockets into Israel, causing one casualty, at
1088:
355:
stated that the shells hit the base not because they were off target, but because Israeli gunners used outdated maps of the area. He also stated that the gunners miscalculated the firing range of the shells.
341:
The Qana massacre resulted in a wave of international condemnation. As a result of the intense diplomatic pressure that followed, Israel ended Operation Grapes of Wrath before it had originally planned to.
283:(a) Between 1200 and 1400 hours on 18 April, Hezbollah fighters fired two or three rockets from a location 350 metres south-east of the United Nations compound. The location was identified on the ground.
38:
804:
904:
295:(e) At some point (it is not completely clear whether before or after the shelling), two or three Hezbollah fighters entered the United Nations compound, where their families were.
1524:
1583:
286:(b) Between 1230 and 1300 hours, they fired four or five rockets from a location 600 metres south-east of the compound. The location was identified on the ground.
363:
said, "We did not know that several hundred people were concentrated in that camp. It came to us as a bitter surprise." Following the attack, Lieutenant-General
399:
cited the use of human shielding to blame Hezbollah. On April 18 he said, "They used them as a shield, they used the UN as a shield—the UN admitted it." Rabbi
1622:
774:
435:
stability necessary to engage the parties concerned in peace negotiations which are the only way to promote peace and security between Israel and Lebanon.
818:
1748:
1488:
392:
1738:
551:
lead his troops into an ambush. Sarna referred to the incident as ostensible evidence that Bennett showed poor judgement. Israeli journalist
1773:
1035:
847:
Report ... of the Secretary-General's Military Adviser concerning the shelling of the United Nations compound at Qana on 18 April 1996
814:
1632:
1235:
713:
1584:'Controversy erupts over Bayit Yehudi chief's role in events that led to the Kfar Kana massacre during Operation Grapes of Wrath,'
236:(SLA) radio stations, warned residents in forty-four towns and villages in southern Lebanon to evacuate within twenty-four hours.
1753:
166:
1463:
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relocating the battalion. This figure didn’t not include any calculation of the cost of the casualties and deaths of civilians.
1768:
1758:
1733:
1528:
148:
1656:
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247:, first with artillery and later laser-guided missiles. On April 13, Israeli warships initiated a blockade against Beirut,
849:
55:
1627:
1743:
1713:
1604:
1052:
912:
1661:
395:, stated, "Hezbollah using civilians as cover. That's a despicable thing to do, an evil thing." and Prime Minister
1102:
874:
187:, the commander of the Israeli commando unit which had called in the barrage, entered politics, eventually becoming
1546:
1495:
1440:
782:
535:
527:
33:
1669:
630:
Handmaker, J. (2013). "In Search of a Human Face in the Middle East: Addressing Israeli Impunity for War Crimes".
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defended by other officers involved in the incident, including David Zonshine, later chairman of the human rights
1383:
1353:
1329:
1305:
1281:
1187:
778:
480:
388:
1728:
539:
651:"Some reflections on the conflict in Southern Lebanon: the'Qana incident'and international humanitarian law"
1718:
592:
531:
1651:
1571:
1344: page 9. The Acting President June 18, 2003 at 15:00. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
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688:
483:
decided that the $ 1.7 million cost of repairs to the UNIFIL headquarters should be paid for by Israel.
162:
compound, which was sheltering around 800 Lebanese civilians, killing 106 and injuring around 116. Four
1723:
775:"Letter Dated 7 May 1996 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the President of the Security Council"
1499:
479:
The following month, by a 66 to 2 vote (59 abstentions, United States and Israel voting against), the
542:
for the District of Columbia affirmed the dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction in 2008.
240:
177:
451:
civilian lives and a breach of the laws of war on directly or indiscriminately targeting civilians.
1708:
256:
188:
255:, Lebanon's main ports of entry. Meanwhile, Hezbollah continuously bombarded northern Israel with
805:"QUESTION OF THE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE OCCUPIED ARAB TERRITORIES, INCLUDING PALESTINE"
631:
1763:
1637:
423:
1. Israel categorically rejects the findings of the UN report concerning the incident at Kana;
199:
1216:
443:
229:
131:
534:
dismissed the complaint in 2006 on the basis that Yaalon was entitled to immunity under the
1162:
606:
321:
202:, May 7, 1996, showing the cluster of proximity fused rounds within the UN compound at Qana
1317:
1221:
8:
1607:
1395:
1293:
1069:
20:
1365:
1341:
1199:
1265:
1239:
1135:
717:
662:
463:
233:
1070:'Was Bennett really to blame for the death of 102 Lebanese civilians in 1996 battle?,'
1171:
383:", the use of civilians as a cover for military activities, which is a breach of the
403:, a member of Peres' cabinet, called the Qana killings a desecration of God's name.
743:
637:
618:
325:
155:
151:
1053:"Bennett defends actions during 1996 Lebanon operation | The Times of Israel"
299:
During the operation, a special reconnaissance unit of 67 soldiers from the elite
1107:
879:
853:
747:
334:
304:
184:
1243:
721:
641:
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1296: page 9. June 13, 1997 at 10:00. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
1269:
809:
519:
268:
252:
159:
1089:"Naftali Bennett, Next Israeli PM: The Man Behind the Slogans and Stereotypes"
846:
338:, which published stills of the footage in an article that appeared on May 6.
198:
Diagram from Major-General van Kappen's report to the Secretary-General of UN
172:
The attack occurred amid heavy fighting between the Israel Defense Forces and
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400:
376:
309:
273:
73:
29:
1422:
580:
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396:
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364:
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352:
225:
1006:
Steven Erlanger, "Christopher Sees Syria Chief in Bid on Lebanon Truce,"
987:
870:
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civilians — violated a key principle of international humanitarian law."
384:
329:
1133:
Schmemann, Serge. "Voicing Regret, Israeli Leader Offers a Cease-Fire,"
1036:"A most painful lesson: The 1996 Shelling of Qana, why it matters today"
666:
650:
194:
1065:
573:
16:
1996 attack on civilians by the Israeli Defense Forces in Qana, Lebanon
1374: December 19, 2000 at 10:00. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
948:
Afriat, Shlomi. "Israel vows retaliation for Lebanon rocket attacks,"
908:
216:
212:
173:
1010:, April 21, 1996, quoting State Department spokesman Nicholas Burns.
1404: June 13, 1997 at 10:00. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
622:
368:
1547:"The Arab-Israeli Conflict and Civil Litigation Against Terrorism"
1320: page 2. June 13, 1997. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
60:
UNIFIL peacekeepers remove the remains of artillery attack victims
1072:
935:
714:"ISRAEL/LEBANON:"OPERATION GRAPES OF WRATH":The Civilian Victims"
633:
Armed Conflict and International Law: In Search of the Human Face
565:
77:
1202: page 6. May 7, 1996. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
1400:
518:
On December 15, 2005, relatives of the victims filed suit in a
317:
300:
244:
220:
69:
1633:
Human Rights Watch Report partially dealing with Qana shelling
563:, who called the reports "disconnected from reality," and by
259:
rockets. The IDF continued to bomb Lebanon's infrastructure.
248:
933:"Lebanon: Main Events in Recent Hizbollah-Israel Violence,"
526:
for his role in the deaths. The lawsuit was prepared by the
163:
144:
1264:
Middle East International No 551, 19 May 1997; Publishers
183:
The incident would attract attention in later years after
557:
1605:'Bennett defends actions during 1996 Lebanon operation,'
1025:, Communication to the press no. 96/14, April 19, 1996.
1023:
ICRC Condemns Shelling of Civilians in Southern Lebanon
420:
Israel issued the following response to the UN report:
1527:. The Center for Constitutional Rights. Archived from
243:. On April 11, the IDF bombarded southern Lebanon and
1148:"Israeli Army Chief Says UN Forewarned of Shelling,"
367:, the IDF's chief of staff, at a press conference in
1645:– Robert Fisk's eyewitness account, April 19, 1996,
905:"RESPONSE TO UN SECRETARY'S REPORT ON KANA INCIDENT"
1236:"Operation "Grapes of Wrath": The Civilian Victims"
123:
116 Lebanese civilians and 4 Fijian UN peacekeepers
1299:
415:
1433:
1181:
1166:, May 3, 1996, p. 1 (quoted in Prior, M. (1999).
1700:
1544:
1168:Zionism and the State of Israel: A Moral Inquiry
736:
706:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1461:
438:
267:By April 14, 745 people took shelter in a
1566:
1564:
1517:
1018:
1016:
680:
379:and Israeli governments accused Hezbollah of "
215:that had ended the July 1993 fighting between
1426:, May 10, 1996, as cited and quoted in Fisk,
629:
458:
1592:
1002:
1000:
224:to the cease fire violations, Major-General
1561:
1540:
1538:
1464:"Lawsuit filed against Ya'alon in US court"
1013:
899:
897:
869:
490:
470:
1083:
1081:
1047:
1045:
840:
838:
836:
769:
767:
765:
604:
262:
239:Within forty-eight hours, Israel launched
54:
997:
992:Pity the Nation: The Abduction of Lebanon
815:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
648:
545:
499:In May 1996 the Israeli weekly newspaper
1535:
1028:
894:
522:court against former IDF Chief of Staff
332:. Fisk sent the video to his newspaper,
193:
1525:"Factsheet: Qana and Belhas v. Ya'alon"
1078:
1042:
994:. New York: Nation Books, 2001, p. 676.
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
833:
762:
513:
167:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
1701:
865:
863:
686:
655:Journal of Conflict & Security Law
169:soldiers were also seriously injured.
1462:Guttman, Nathan (December 15, 2005).
1212:
1210:
1208:
744:"History of Israel's role in Lebanon"
345:
1739:Military operations involving Israel
1574:." Center for Constitutional Rights.
968:
961:"Israel Steps Up Lebanese Attacks,"
1774:20th-century mass murder in Lebanon
1368: page 28. Mr. Smith
875:"Massacre film puts Israel in dock"
860:
406:
143:took place on April 18, 1996, near
13:
1749:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
1628:Israel's response to the UN report
1498:. November 4, 2004. Archived from
1398: page 8. Mr. Peleg
1205:
913:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
598:
14:
1790:
1616:
1545:Adam N. Schupack (October 2010).
1443:. independent.co.uk. May 11, 1996
1103:Massacre film puts Israel in dock
687:Robert, Fisk (October 23, 2011).
1638:The photographs of Qana shelling
1242:. September 1997. Archived from
817:. March 11, 2004. Archived from
720:. September 1997. Archived from
536:Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
528:Center for Constitutional Rights
1577:
1481:
1455:
1415:
1384:United Nations General Assembly
1377:
1354:United Nations General Assembly
1347:
1330:United Nations General Assembly
1323:
1306:United Nations General Assembly
1282:United Nations General Assembly
1275:
1258:
1228:
1188:United Nations Security Council
1155:
1142:
1127:
1114:
1095:
1059:
955:
942:
779:United Nations Security Council
481:United Nations General Assembly
416:Israel's response to the report
1754:Lebanon and the United Nations
1441:"Qana dead 'a bunch of Arabs'"
927:
797:
389:United States State Department
1:
1769:Israeli war crimes in Lebanon
1759:Israel and the United Nations
1734:Massacres committed by Israel
781:. May 7, 1996. Archived from
674:
540:United States Court of Appeal
206:
593:List of massacres in Lebanon
532:United States District Court
439:Amnesty International report
316:A video recording made by a
158:fired artillery shells at a
19:For the 2006 airstrike, see
7:
1779:Fiji and the United Nations
642:10.1007/978-90-6704-918-4_6
586:
303:commando unit commanded by
10:
1795:
852:November 20, 2019, at the
459:View of Human Rights Watch
280:Hezbollah fighters fired:
18:
1744:Operation Grapes of Wrath
1714:April 1996 events in Asia
1623:UN report on the incident
965:, April 13, 1996, p. A23.
241:Operation Grapes of Wrath
178:Operation Grapes of Wrath
127:
119:
111:
101:
83:
65:
53:
46:
1657:Associated Press Article
1652:Washington Times Article
471:UN General Assembly vote
189:Prime Minister of Israel
107:155 mm gun shelling
1643:"Massacre in sanctuary"
1489:"Demand for Jury Trial"
689:"Massacre in sanctuary"
607:"Hostis humani generis"
263:Shelling of UN compound
34:Infobox civilian attack
27:
546:2015 Israeli elections
297:
203:
200:Boutrous Boutros-Ghali
115:106 Lebanese civilians
89:; 28 years ago
39:considered for merging
1386: Session 51
1356: Session 55
1332: Session 57
1308: Session 51
1284: Session 51
1217:Amnesty International
1170:. London: Routledge,
844:Franklin Van Kappen,
444:Amnesty International
278:
230:Israel Defense Forces
197:
132:Israel Defense Forces
1729:Massacres in Lebanon
1163:The Jewish Chronicle
1091:– via Haaretz.
636:. pp. 155–168.
514:Lawsuit by relatives
322:Force Mobile Reserve
147:, a village in then
1719:Mass murder in 1996
1681: /
1608:The Times of Israel
1272:; Ian Williams p.14
1246:on January 21, 2001
1225:. July 1996, p. 16.
724:on January 21, 2001
605:Greene, J. (2008).
87:April 18, 1996
21:2006 Qana airstrike
1531:on April 11, 2012.
1240:Human Rights Watch
1136:The New York Times
718:Human Rights Watch
649:Turns, D. (2000).
572:s defense analyst
464:Human Rights Watch
346:Israeli statements
234:South Lebanon Army
204:
1724:Massacres in 1996
1685:33.209°N 35.299°E
1572:Belhas v. Ya’alon
1270:Dennis Walters MP
1176:978-0-415-20462-0
1152:, April 18, 1996.
1139:, April 19, 1996.
939:, April 11, 1996.
821:on March 10, 2007
211:In April 1996, a
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136:
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1679:
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1610:January 5, 2015.
1601:
1590:
1589:January 6, 2015.
1581:
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1551:Duke Law Journal
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1505:on March 8, 2006
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1075:January 7, 2015.
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952:, April 9, 1996.
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611:Critical Inquiry
579:Retired General
571:
407:UN investigation
326:Frank van Kappen
156:Israeli military
152:Southern Lebanon
149:Israeli-occupied
97:
95:
90:
58:
44:
43:
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1699:
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1662:The Independent
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1108:The Independent
1101:Fisk, Robert. "
1100:
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880:The Independent
873:(May 6, 1996).
868:
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854:Wayback Machine
843:
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803:
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798:
788:
786:
785:on May 20, 2007
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750:. April 1, 1998
748:BBC News Online
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685:
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599:Further reading
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359:Prime Minister
348:
335:The Independent
305:Naftali Bennett
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185:Naftali Bennett
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1111:. May 6, 1996.
1094:
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1012:
1008:New York Times
996:
967:
954:
941:
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893:
859:
857:, May 1, 1996.
832:
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661:(2): 177–209.
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623:10.1086/592540
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401:Yehuda Amital
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48:Qana massacre
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1666:
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1579:
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1529:the original
1519:
1507:. Retrieved
1500:the original
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1471:. Retrieved
1457:
1445:. Retrieved
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1318:A/RES/51/233
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1248:. Retrieved
1244:the original
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988:Fisk, Robert
962:
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917:. Retrieved
884:. Retrieved
878:
845:
823:. Retrieved
819:the original
808:
799:
787:. Retrieved
783:the original
752:. Retrieved
738:
726:. Retrieved
722:the original
708:
696:. Retrieved
692:
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610:
581:Amiram Levin
578:
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524:Moshe Yaalon
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361:Shimon Peres
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128:Perpetrators
47:
32:
25:
1688: /
1447:January 24,
1396:A/51/PV.101
1294:A/51/PV.101
1266:Lord Mayhew
871:Robert Fisk
385:laws of war
330:Robert Fisk
320:soldier of
154:, when the
103:Attack type
28:‹ The
1703:Categories
1676:35°17′56″E
1673:33°12′32″N
1557:: 207–247.
1366:A/55/PV.86
1342:A/57/PV.90
1310:Resolution
1200:S/1996/337
1066:Amos Harel
919:August 25,
886:January 5,
675:References
574:Amos Harel
207:Background
94:1996-04-18
72:compound,
1423:Kol Ha'ir
909:Jerusalem
698:April 20,
508:Kol Ha'ir
502:Kol Ha'ir
493:Kol Ha'ir
381:shielding
375:Both the
217:Hezbollah
213:ceasefire
174:Hezbollah
37:is being
1509:July 13,
1473:July 13,
1250:July 20,
1192:Document
1178:, p. 42)
850:Archived
825:July 13,
754:July 13,
728:July 31,
667:44471863
587:See also
561:B'Tselem
510:report.
491:Israeli
369:Tel Aviv
257:Katyusha
66:Location
41:. ›
30:template
1394:.
1364:.
1340:.
1316:.
1292:.
1198:.
1150:Reuters
1073:Haaretz
950:Reuters
936:Reuters
789:July 5,
566:Haaretz
310:M-109A2
228:of the
176:during
120:Injured
92: (
78:Lebanon
1401:Israel
1390:
1360:
1336:
1312:
1288:
1194:
1174:
1120:Fisk.
665:
538:. The
495:report
387:. The
318:UNIFIL
301:Maglan
245:Beirut
221:Israel
164:Fijian
112:Deaths
70:UNIFIL
1503:(PDF)
1492:(PDF)
1190:
663:JSTOR
570:'
249:Sidon
1511:2006
1475:2006
1449:2015
1252:2006
1172:ISBN
921:2012
888:2015
827:2006
791:2007
756:2006
730:2006
700:2016
253:Tyre
251:and
219:and
145:Qana
139:The
84:Date
74:Qana
1496:CCR
1392:101
1314:233
1290:101
1196:337
1105:."
638:doi
619:doi
558:NGO
1705::
1594:^
1563:^
1555:60
1553:.
1549:.
1537:^
1494:.
1466:.
1362:86
1338:90
1268:,
1238:.
1219:.
1207:^
1080:^
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1044:^
1015:^
999:^
990:.
970:^
911::
907:.
896:^
877:.
862:^
835:^
813:.
807:.
777:.
764:^
746:.
716:.
691:.
657:.
653:.
615:34
613:.
609:.
191:.
76:,
1570:"
1513:.
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1038:.
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793:.
758:.
732:.
702:.
669:.
659:5
644:.
640::
625:.
621::
96:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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