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47:
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617:
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The party has a history of co-opting music for its own causes. Under Mao Zedong ostensibly old folk songs were rewritten with revolutionary lyrics and sometimes composed from scratch, says Kai Tang of the
University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. The solo repertory associated with the dizi, a
591:
neolithic site in central Henan province of China has yielded flutes dating back to 7,000 BC – 5,000 BC that could represent the earliest playable instruments ever found. These flutes were carved with five to eight holes, and are capable of producing sounds that roughly span an octave. The
607:
from cultures all around the world. Multiple examples from different cultures consist of a drilled piece of bone, which is well-suited as a material due to its hollow nature. The earliest known examples of bone flutes date back around 42,000 years ago.
654:
the finger-holes are spaced approximately equidistant, which produces a temperament of mixed whole-tone and three-quarter-tone intervals. Zheng also repositioned the figure-holes to change the notes produced. During the middle of the 20th century
638:
is made by using a single piece of bamboo. While simple and straightforward, it is also impossible to change the fundamental tuning once the bamboo is cut, which made it a problem when it was played with other instruments in a modern
1127:(Five Clappers), contributing to the new Chinese conservatory curricula in traditional instrument performance. Feng’s style, virtuosic and lively, has been known as representative of the folk musical traditions of northern China.
322:
1291:
Because of his middle-class background, Zhao suffered in the political campaigns of the 1950s and 1960s and was not allowed to perform, instead he taught many students who went on to become leading professional
647:, 1872–1935) resolved this issue by inserting a copper joint to connect two pieces of shorter bamboo. This method allows the length of the bamboo to be modified for minute adjustment to its fundamental pitch.
694:), pitched in the same range as the western flute. However, the modified dizi's extra tone holes prevent the effective use of the membrane, so this instrument lacks the inherent timbre of the traditional
587:) have been present in China for over 9,000 years. Fragments of bone flutes from this period are still playable today, and are remarkably similar to modern versions in terms of hole placement, etc. The
320:
1402:
along with numerous other world woodwinds. He graduated from the
Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto with an honors degree in performance. On many of his recordings, he uses the
1269:
548:
interested in their beauty, and among professional players who seek an instrument with looks to match the quality of their renditions; however, jade may not be the best material for
2666:
810:
membrane"), made from an almost tissue-like shaving of reed (made from the inner skin of bamboo cells), is made taut and glued over this hole, traditionally with a substance called
964:. It is longer, and has a more mellow, lyrical tone. The music of the Southern school is usually slower, and the ornamentations are predominantly short melodic turns, trills, and
762:
321:
1330:
1264:. Zhao trained as a teacher in Zhejiang, and studied law and Chinese and Western music in Shanghai. In the 1940s he worked as a music teacher in Zhejiang, and became the
1281:
1862:
1003:, each in a different key (and size). Additionally, master players and those seeking distinctive sounds such as birdsong may use extremely small or very large
2659:
1334:
2652:
824:, but it is not recommended as a permanent replacement. This application process, in which fine wrinkles are created in the centre of the
2012:
1519:
1337:
gave him a Life
Achievement Award as well as a Lifelong Special Allowance from the State. He is also known for having invented the
1051:
playing in the new conservatory professional concert repertory, often based on or adapted from regional folk styles. Following the
1753:
traditional form of flute, was composed almost entirely after 1949 and, in the early days, made up mostly of revolutionary music.
1440:
1726:
579:
Recently, archaeologists have discovered evidence suggesting that the simple transverse flutes (though without the distinctive
1709:
1626:
1591:
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2675:
439:
1141:, Hebei. Born to a poor peasant family, Liu was a professional folk musician who had earned a meagre living playing the
1664:
923:
332:
917:, is shorter and higher in pitch, and its sound quality is brighter and more shrill. In Northern China, it is used in
1240:
music performance quartet consisting of Lu
Chunling, Zhou Hao, Zhou Hui, and Ma Shenglong. His compositions include
1206:
driver, but was also an amateur musician, performing the
Jiangnan sizhu folk ensemble repertory. In 1952, Lu became
1869:
1390:
1077:
province. Of humble origins, Feng had established himself as a folk musician by the time of the founding of the
2618:
1371:
1277:
1219:
1078:
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996:
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Contemporary 'dizi' styles or schools based on the professional conservatory repertory are divided into two:
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ScienceDaily ("Brookhaven Lab Expert Helps Date Flute
Thought To Be Oldest Playable Musical Instrument")
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1801:
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2nd
International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings
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Lu has performed in many countries as well as throughout China and has made many recordings. His
458:
is also a popular instrument among the
Chinese people as it is simple to make and easy to carry.
133:
1475:, a vertical bamboo flute which has historically been favored by scholars and the upper classes.
596:
as we know it today roughly dates to the 5th century BC, and there have been examples of bamboo
508:
are often made of very slender, lightweight, light-colored bamboo and are much quieter in tone.
3284:
552:
since, as with metal, jade may not be as tonally responsive as bamboo, which is more resonant.
1654:
952:
Southern school (Nanpai) – In
Southern China, the qudi is the lead melodic instrument of
2597:
2358:
2035:
1842:
1362:
992:
283:
31:
1180:(Old Home village) have become part of the new conservatory professional concert repertory.
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in rural ritual ensembles before becoming a soloist in the
Tianjin Song-and-Dance Ensemble
61:
17:
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8:
2827:
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1987:
1520:"Brookhaven Lab Expert Helps Date Flute Thought to be Oldest Playable Musical Instrument"
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2002:
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In 1953, Feng was appointed to the state-supported Central Song and Dance Ensemble in
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talks, the instrument was appreciated for its popular roots, and used extensively in
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There have been several major performers of the 20th century who have contributed to
1035:
663:, as demanded by new musical developments and compositions, although the traditional
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1349:(馬迪) is a current composer and soloist known for his technique on the instrument.
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2741:
2408:
2241:
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2075:
1855:
1056:
988:
677:
480:. However, "bamboo" is perhaps more of a Chinese instrument classification like "
153:
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and served as Head of the Chinese Dizi Culture Research Centre of Shanghai. The
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in local song and dance groups, folksongs and stilt dances. He also introduced
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2099:
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1786:
1741:
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1398:"), born in Toronto, Canada, is the first renowned western musician playing
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Liu together with Feng Zicun are said to be representatives of the Northern
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1827:, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London, 2001).
1236:
tradition in general. He is well known as a longtime member of the famous
871:
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makers further changed the finger hole placements to allow for playing in
46:
3198:
3084:
2842:
2767:
2471:
2413:
2353:
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2119:
1972:
1967:
1925:
1805:
983:, slides, popped notes, harmonics, "flying finger" trills, multiphonics,
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253:
158:
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2156:
2129:
2050:
2045:
1119:
Feng adapted traditional folk ensemble pieces into dizi solos, such as
1101:, to Hebei after spending four years there as a musician in the 1920s.
969:
563:. Other Chinese bamboo wind instruments include the vertical end-blown
545:
337:
233:
93:
83:
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1950:
1847:
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music of the Northern school is characterized by a fast, rhythmic and
794:), between the embouchure and finger-holes. A special membrane called
394:
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2623:
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2298:
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1930:
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and playing techniques, with different methods for embellishment and
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1955:
1778:
1767:"Individuality and Political Discourse in Solo "Dizi" Compositions"
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1357:(唐俊乔) is a practitioner with international performances alongside
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have a relatively large range, covering about two-and-a-quarter
761:
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1992:
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1982:
1656:
Beyond the May Fourth Paradigm: In Search of Chinese Modernity
1580:
Xun Xu and the politics of precision in third-century AD China
1517:
979:
are often played using various "advanced" techniques, such as
774:
Whereas most simple flutes have only a blowing hole (known as
228:
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1997:
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design. He was reinstated in his former positions in 1976.
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409:
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30:
This article is about a Chinese flute. For other uses, see
1329:
soloist and composer from Shanghai. He performed with the
2151:
188:
927:
opera, and as well as regional musical genres such as
1518:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (September 22, 1999).
1727:"China's Communist Party has co-opted ancient music"
1307:(Three-Five-Seven), which is based on a melody from
705:(pitched in the same range as western piccolo) and
1725:
1495:
1607:Chukov (Eds.), T. V. Petkova & V. S. (2018).
1577:
855:to give the final tone a buzzing, nasal quality.
3266:
999:. Most professional players have a set of seven
866:
1613:. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade.
1335:State Council of the People's Republic of China
1229:playing style has become representative of the
1039:(ancient oboe-like instrument) players and one
786:has a very different additional hole, called a
511:Although bamboo is the common material for the
1773:. Vol. 27, no. 1. pp. 133–152.
820:. Garlic juice may also be used to adhere the
603:These flutes share common features with other
2660:
1863:
1699:
1652:
1606:
1112:soloist, and accepted a teaching post at the
897:, each style having different preferences in
504:produced in southern Chinese regions such as
488:are made from purple or violet bamboo, while
1378:
1218:from 1971 to 1976. In 1957 he taught at the
851:, making it brighter and louder, and adding
473:are sometimes known by simple names such as
318:
1825:New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1704:. Oxford University Press. pp. 43–45.
1653:Frederick Lau (2008). Kai-wing Chow (ed.).
725:(pitched a fourth of fifth higher than the
626:on a dizi, as well as the metal joint of a
2667:
2653:
1870:
1856:
1648:
1646:
1222:, and became associate professor in 1978.
709:(pitched a fourth or fifth lower than the
1406:as the lead instrument. He has also used
1214:, and also at the Shanghai Opera Company
667:continue to be used for purposes such as
68:(Open side-blown flutes with fingerholes)
2442:
1489:
1210:soloist with the Shanghai Folk Ensemble
1182:
1014:
958:opera and is also used in music such as
870:
760:
615:
2676:Traditional Chinese musical instruments
1877:
1643:
1540:
1441:Traditional Chinese musical instruments
611:
14:
3267:
2011:
1424:Long Life, Happiness, & Prosperity
949:, flutter tonguing, and fast tonguing.
941:playing, employing techniques such as
737:(pitched a fourth or fifth lower than
643:. In the 1920s musician Zheng Jinwen (
442:that is widely used in many genres of
379:
2648:
1851:
1659:. Lexington Books. pp. 212–215.
1571:
1799:
1541:Tedesco, Laura Anne (October 2000).
1202:. In pre-1949 Shanghai, Lu worked a
909:Northern school (Beipai) – The
847:effect on the sound produced by the
782:) in Chinese) and finger-holes, the
388:. It is also sometimes known as the
1764:
1498:"Does It Matter What It's Made Of?"
1073:, 1904–1987) was born in Yangyuan,
24:
2222:
1534:
1085:as well as the four-string fiddle
913:used for the Northern school, the
600:that date back to 2nd century BC.
25:
3296:
1831:
1557:
1547:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
1276:) in 1956. He also taught at the
1836:
1270:Zhejiang Song and Dance Ensemble
713:) are the most prevalent, other
676:In the 1930s, an 11-hole, fully
559:is not the only bamboo flute of
484:" in the West. Northern Chinese
45:
1793:
1758:
1718:
1693:
1496:Malcolm Tattersall (Feb 2007).
1394:or phonetically translated to "
408:), and has varieties including
62:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
1673:
1619:10.32591/coas.e-conf.02.01001f
1600:
1511:
1463:
1372:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
1313:(Zhejiang traditional opera).
1278:Shanghai Conservatory of Music
1220:Shanghai Conservatory of Music
828:to create a penetrating buzzy
749:(pitched an octave lower than
540:
515:, it is also possible to find
374:
13:
1:
1482:
1325:, 1946–2006) was a prominent
1168:style. His pieces, including
1010:
867:Playing styles and techniques
1802:"Worthy envoy for the flute"
1800:Chen, Nan (6 October 2017).
1543:"Jiahu (ca. 7000–5700 B.C.)"
1303:Zhao's compositions include
1286:Zhejiang Sheng Yishu Xuexiao
1053:Chinese Communist Revolution
832:, is an art form in itself.
500:are made from white bamboo.
7:
3275:Chinese musical instruments
1469:This is in contrast to the
1429:
1410:in the film soundtracks of
1359:Shanghai Symphony Orchestra
1331:Shanghai National Orchestra
1114:China Conservatory of Music
1019:Detail of the 12th-century
756:
10:
3301:
1578:Howard L. Goodman (2010).
1567:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
1565:"di (musical instrunment)"
1551:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1079:People’s Republic of China
887:NENU Folklorical Orchestra
574:
440:Chinese musical instrument
29:
3231:
3181:
3165:
3129:
3108:
3072:
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3030:
2999:
2978:
2947:
2936:
2911:
2755:
2689:
2682:
2606:
2551:
2514:
2279:
2088:
1889:
1680:
1395:
1389:
1379:Use in other music genres
1367:London Symphony Orchestra
1320:
1256:, 1924–2001) was born in
1251:
1198:, 1921–2018) was born in
1195:
1137:, 1918–1990) was born in
1134:
1070:
1026:Night Revels of Han Xizai
801:
791:
779:
765:Dizi bamboo membrane, or
691:
644:
544:) are popular among both
535:
433:
423:
413:
403:
393:
363:
346:
316:
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307:
79:
72:
60:
53:
44:
2614:Chinese folk flute music
1685:
1456:
1282:Zhejiang College of Arts
1212:(Shanghai minzu yuetuan)
450:, as well as the modern
27:Chinese transverse flute
1765:Lau, Frederick (1995).
1296:players, and to refine
1274:Zhejiang Sheng Gewutuan
1244:(Today and Yesterday).
1172:(Birds in the Shade),
1055:, and according to the
684:was created called the
134:double contrabass flute
1700:Frederick Lau (2008).
1369:, as well as in movie
1188:
1044:
890:
885:interpreter, from the
771:
631:
326:
2359:Native American flute
1845:at Wikimedia Commons
1363:New York Philharmonic
1186:
1176:(Doves of Peace) and
1097:, the local opera of
1018:
993:western concert flute
895:Northern and Southern
874:
764:
619:
469:, which explains why
325:
284:western concert flute
2619:List of compositions
1736:. 2 September 2023.
1526:on January 14, 2016.
1216:(Shanghai geju yuan)
1033:players, with three
612:Modern modifications
1988:Simple system flute
1683:(22 October 2001).
1528:(also published at
1116:(Beijing) in 1964.
1061:revolutionary music
244:subcontrabass flute
74:Related instruments
55:Woodwind instrument
41:
2598:Shepherd's whistle
1686:談談民族管樂器聽覺訓練在演奏中的作用
1412:The White Countess
1189:
1159:(Tianjin gewutuan)
1045:
981:circular breathing
891:
843:has a distinctive
772:
632:
444:Chinese folk music
327:
39:
3280:Side-blown flutes
3262:
3261:
3227:
3226:
3026:
3025:
2932:
2931:
2642:
2641:
2547:
2546:
2510:
2509:
2462:Soprano (descant)
2275:
2274:
2084:
2083:
2071:Double contrabass
1841:Media related to
1711:978-0-19-530124-3
1628:978-86-81294-01-7
1593:978-90-04-18337-7
1123:(Happy Reunion),
661:equal temperament
641:Chinese orchestra
452:Chinese orchestra
438:). It is a major
350:
349:
323:
99:contra-alto flute
16:(Redirected from
3292:
3070:
3069:
2945:
2944:
2687:
2686:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2646:
2645:
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2439:
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2009:
2008:
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1597:
1584:Brill Publishers
1575:
1569:
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1555:
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1527:
1522:. Archived from
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1493:
1476:
1467:
1397:
1393:
1324:
1255:
1197:
1136:
1072:
1043:(wooden clapper)
805:
793:
781:
693:
646:
620:Close-up of the
542:
537:
519:made from other
437:
427:
417:
407:
397:
386:transverse flute
384:), is a Chinese
383:
381:[tǐt͡sɨ]
376:
367:
324:
104:contrabass flute
49:
42:
38:
21:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3265:
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2438:
2271:
2218:
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2080:
2007:
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1885:
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1694:
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1674:
1667:
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1644:
1629:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1586:. p. 226.
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1572:
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1500:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1432:
1381:
1268:soloist in the
1013:
989:double-tonguing
985:fluttertonguing
905:of the melody.
869:
759:
680:version of the
673:accompaniment.
650:On traditional
614:
577:
523:, or even from
342:
328:
319:
303:
154:hyperbass flute
67:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3260:
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3257:
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3216:
3211:
3206:
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3196:
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3189:Alligator drum
3185:
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2634:Vertical flute
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2502:Sub-contrabass
2499:
2497:Sub-great bass
2494:
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1921:Five-key flute
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1895:
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1886:
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1860:
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1832:External links
1830:
1829:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1792:
1779:10.2307/834499
1757:
1717:
1710:
1702:Music in China
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1666:978-0739111222
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1451:Music of China
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:Chinese flutes
1431:
1428:
1380:
1377:
1238:Jiangnan sizhu
1170:Yin zhong niao
1099:Inner Mongolia
1081:, playing the
1029:depicting two
1012:
1009:
974:
973:
961:Jiangnan sizhu
950:
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634:Traditionally
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2683:Silk (string)
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2467:Alto (treble)
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2384:Slide whistle
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2334:Hydraulophone
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2100:Anasazi flute
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2066:Subcontrabass
2064:
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2041:Flûte d'amour
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33:
19:
2954:
2539:Willow flute
2167:Nose whistle
1910:
1835:
1824:
1809:. Retrieved
1795:
1770:
1760:
1751:
1745:. Retrieved
1731:
1720:
1701:
1695:
1675:
1655:
1609:
1602:
1579:
1573:
1559:
1546:
1536:
1524:the original
1513:
1503:September 7,
1501:. Retrieved
1491:
1470:
1465:
1423:
1419:
1416:Relic Hunter
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1383:
1382:
1370:
1354:Tang Junqiao
1352:
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1057:Yan'an forum
1048:
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1024:
1021:Song dynasty
1004:
1000:
976:
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966:appoggiatura
959:
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717:include the
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489:
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477:bamboo flute
474:
470:
465:are made of
462:
460:
455:
399:
389:
373:
354:
353:
351:
308:Sound sample
259:treble flute
36:
2768:Daguangxian
2472:Voice flute
2414:Tin whistle
2354:Low whistle
2289:Almpfeiferl
2056:Contra-alto
1973:Irish flute
1968:Glass flute
1811:19 November
1806:China Daily
1771:Asian Music
1420:China Rises
1192:Lu Chunling
1131:Liu Guanyue
818:animal glue
741:), and the
254:tin whistle
159:Irish flute
3269:Categories
3066:Percussion
3034:(woodwind)
2940:(woodwind)
2492:Contrabass
2487:Great bass
2409:Tabor pipe
2364:Organ pipe
2157:Nose flute
2130:Shakuhachi
2061:Contrabass
1747:2023-09-02
1483:References
1174:He ping ge
1067:Feng Zicun
1011:Performers
970:grace note
845:resonating
701:While the
546:collectors
234:shakuhachi
94:bass flute
84:Alto flute
66:421.121.12
3142:Fangxiang
3137:Bianzhong
3042:Hulusheng
2823:Jing erhu
2788:Diyingehu
2697:Duxianqin
2624:Tone hole
2578:Molinukai
2457:Sopranino
2444:Recorders
2394:Spilåpipa
2379:Sjøfløyte
2319:Flageolet
2299:Dentsivka
2294:Atenteben
2076:Hyperbass
1931:Kagurabue
1787:0044-9202
1742:0013-0613
1637:192322971
1343:in 1971.
1305:San Wu Qi
1161:in 1952.
1125:Wu bangzi
1023:painting
943:glissando
939:virtuosic
883:Zhongruan
853:harmonics
839:-covered
776:chui kong
747:diyindadi
678:chromatic
174:kagurabue
3199:Bolanggu
3116:Bianqing
3018:Mangtong
2843:Matouqin
2561:Gemshorn
2534:Koncovka
2516:Overtone
2452:Garklein
2389:Souravli
2369:Salamuri
2309:Dvoyanka
2237:Larchemi
2174:Pinkillu
2162:Kalaleng
2125:Hotchiku
2110:Floghera
1956:Shinobue
1883:whistles
1430:See also
1391:龍笛 (音樂家)
1385:Ron Korb
1317:Yu Xunfa
1280:and the
1262:Zhejiang
1260:county,
1258:Dongyang
1231:Jiangnan
1200:Shanghai
1178:Gu xiang
1094:Errentai
997:recorder
930:errentai
806:, lit. "
757:Membrane
723:gaoyindi
698:family.
567:and the
506:Chaozhou
498:Hangzhou
492:made in
482:woodwind
475:Chinese
239:shinobue
224:recorder
204:palendag
164:junggeum
144:hotchiku
114:dangjeok
3249:Lusheng
3244:Kouxian
2965:Paixiao
2919:Yangqin
2903:Zhuiqin
2893:Zhonghu
2883:Yazheng
2737:Sanxian
2712:Konghou
2707:Guzheng
2690:Plucked
2588:Tonette
2583:Ocarina
2529:Kalyuka
2434:Zuffolo
2424:Whistle
2399:Stabule
2314:Flabiol
2262:Soinari
2252:Paixiao
2232:Kuvytsi
2209:Washint
2199:Šupelka
2194:Sopilka
2036:Concert
2031:Soprano
2021:Piccolo
2013:Concert
1961:Yokobue
1951:Ryūteki
1941:Minteki
1936:Komabue
1906:Daegeum
1901:Bansuri
1204:trishaw
1106:Beijing
947:tremolo
861:octaves
841:mo kong
788:mo kong
735:diyindi
729:), the
583:of the
575:History
428:), and
360:Chinese
279:washint
264:tumpong
209:piccolo
199:ocarina
184:minteki
179:komabue
119:daegeum
89:bansuri
3232:Others
3219:Zhangu
3214:Tanggu
3157:Yunluo
3090:Paiban
3047:Hulusi
2948:Flutes
2938:Bamboo
2912:Struck
2898:Zhuihu
2848:Maguhu
2838:Leiqin
2833:Laruan
2828:Jinghu
2818:Jiaohu
2798:Erxian
2778:Datong
2747:Yueqin
2727:Qinqin
2717:Liuqin
2566:Pifana
2553:Vessel
2524:Fujara
2429:Xirula
2419:Txistu
2329:Fujara
2281:Fipple
2247:Miskal
2204:Svirel
2189:Sodina
2147:Kōauau
2115:Frilka
2026:Treble
1993:Tambin
1946:Nohkan
1879:Flutes
1785:
1740:
1708:
1663:
1635:
1625:
1590:
1422:, and
1365:, and
1153:, and
1144:guanzi
1041:paiban
987:, and
924:bangzi
915:bangdi
881:and a
830:timbre
727:bangdi
719:xiaodi
711:bangdi
703:bangdi
581:mokong
494:Suzhou
467:bamboo
454:. The
420:Bangdi
400:héngdi
372::
370:pinyin
362::
269:tungso
249:suling
194:nohkan
3209:Paigu
3204:Jiegu
3194:Bangu
3130:Metal
3109:Stone
3080:Guban
3052:Sheng
3032:Gourd
3005:pipes
3001:Free-
2991:Suona
2979:Oboes
2960:Koudi
2888:Xiqin
2863:Tiqin
2853:Sanhu
2813:Huqin
2803:Gaohu
2763:Banhu
2756:Bowed
2702:Guqin
2629:Uakti
2607:Other
2477:Tenor
2404:Tarka
2349:Kuisi
2344:Khlui
2339:Khloy
2324:Frula
2304:Diple
2184:Quray
2142:Kaval
2105:Danso
2092:blown
2003:Xindi
1978:Koudi
1893:blown
1891:Side-
1633:S2CID
1457:Notes
1446:Koudi
1347:Ma Di
1340:koudi
1242:Jinxi
1150:suona
1075:Hebei
955:kunqu
919:kunqu
878:Zhudi
816:, an
813:ejiao
743:deidi
687:xindi
670:kunqu
623:di mo
589:Jiahu
569:koudi
561:China
525:stone
461:Most
430:Xindi
398:) or
219:quena
169:kaval
129:diple
124:danso
3239:Gudi
3182:Hide
3166:Clay
3147:Gong
3121:Qing
3085:Muyu
3073:Wood
3013:Bawu
3003:reed
2986:Guan
2970:Xiao
2955:Dizi
2878:Yehu
2873:Tuhu
2868:Tihu
2858:Sihu
2808:Gehu
2793:Erhu
2783:Dihu
2773:Dahu
2732:Ruan
2722:Pipa
2482:Bass
2374:Shvi
2257:Siku
2214:Xiao
2179:Qina
2137:Gudi
2090:End-
2051:Bass
2046:Alto
1998:Venu
1916:Fife
1911:Dizi
1881:and
1843:Dizi
1813:2017
1783:ISSN
1738:ISSN
1706:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1505:2018
1472:xiao
1408:dizi
1404:dizi
1400:dizi
1396:雷恩寇伯
1327:dizi
1310:Wuju
1298:dizi
1294:dizi
1266:dizi
1234:dizi
1227:dizi
1208:dizi
1166:dizi
1155:dizi
1110:dizi
1088:sihu
1083:dizi
1049:dizi
1036:guan
1031:dizi
1005:dizi
1001:dizi
995:and
977:Dizi
935:Dizi
921:and
911:dizi
899:dizi
857:Dizi
849:dizi
837:dimo
835:The
826:dimo
822:dimo
797:dimo
784:dizi
768:dimo
751:qudi
739:qudi
731:dadi
715:dizi
707:qudi
696:dizi
682:dizi
665:dizi
657:dizi
652:dizi
636:dizi
628:dizi
598:dizi
594:dizi
585:dizi
565:xiao
557:dizi
555:The
550:dizi
541:yùdi
534:(or
532:dizi
529:Jade
517:dizi
513:dizi
502:Dizi
496:and
490:dizi
486:dizi
471:dizi
463:dizi
456:dizi
410:Qudi
375:dízi
355:dizi
352:The
338:help
333:file
289:xiao
274:venu
139:fife
40:Dizi
32:Dizi
18:Qudi
3254:Xun
3173:Fou
3152:Luo
3100:Zhu
2924:Zhu
2593:Xun
2573:Hun
2267:Wot
2242:Nai
2224:Pan
2152:Ney
2120:Fue
1983:Sáo
1926:Fue
1775:doi
1681:陳正生
1615:doi
1322:俞逊发
1288:).
1253:赵松庭
1196:陆春龄
1135:刘管乐
1108:as
1071:冯子存
968:or
753:.)
645:鄭覲文
418:),
299:yak
294:xun
229:sáo
189:ney
149:hun
109:chi
3271::
3095:Yu
3057:Yu
2742:Se
1804:.
1781:.
1769:.
1750:.
1730:.
1645:^
1631:.
1621:.
1582:.
1549:.
1545:.
1426:.
1418:,
1414:,
1375:.
1361:,
1147:,
1063:.
1007:.
945:,
933:.
875:A
863:.
808:di
803:笛膜
792:膜孔
780:吹孔
692:新笛
571:.
538:;
536:玉笛
527:.
446:,
435:新笛
425:梆笛
415:曲笛
405:橫笛
390:di
368:;
365:笛子
2668:e
2661:t
2654:v
1871:e
1864:t
1857:v
1815:.
1789:.
1777::
1714:.
1669:.
1639:.
1617::
1596:.
1553:.
1507:.
1388:(
1319:(
1284:(
1272:(
1250:(
1194:(
1133:(
1069:(
972:.
889:.
800:(
790:(
778:(
745:/
733:/
721:/
690:(
630:.
432:(
422:(
412:(
402:(
395:笛
392:(
358:(
34:.
20:)
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