276:
98:
514:
502:
685:
73:
38:
759:. They made baskets out of blue oak seedlings, utensils such as bowls from the wood, and dye from the acorns. Commercially, the blue oak is mainly limited to use as firewood. The acorns are eaten by wildlife and livestock. They can be eaten but, if bitter, may need to have the tannins leached.
676:
is the most drought-tolerant of
California's deciduous oaks. It has a smaller canopy than less drought-tolerant relatives, and invests proportionally more growth into roots rather than leaves throughout its life cycle. The leathery blue-green leaves contribute to its
681:; during drought, the leaf color is more pronounced. Trees can also drop their leaves in summer rather than fall in dry years, but usually continue to develop their acorns through the fall. Drought may cause trees not to flower in spring.
1327:
Stahle, D. W.; Griffin, R. D.; Meko, D. M.; Therrell, M. D.; Edmondson, J. R.; Cleaveland, M. K.; Stahle, L. N.; Burnette, D. J.; Abatzoglou, J. T.; Redmond, K. T.; Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R. (May 22, 2013).
1895:
562:
prefers dry to moist soil and plenty of sunlight. Its sparse foliage allows more light to reach the ground, and young trees may grow for decades below their parents'
1890:
933:
413:, at 28.7 m (94 ft). The trees grow slowly, about 30 cm (12 in) per year. Individual trees over 500 years old have been recorded.
1704:
1756:
1875:
898:
1808:
1652:
1910:
1905:
1717:
1665:
1039:
1108:
1507:
1204:
1885:
1722:
867:
1290:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
998:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
1411:
1900:
1266:
1761:
97:
1691:
409:. Trunks are typically solitary, but some trees have multiple trunks. The tallest recorded specimen was found in
439:
1476:
1256:
1021:
1826:
1437:
1013:
405:
with sparse foliage, generally 6–20 meters (20–66 feet) tall, with a trunk 36–60 centimeters (1–2 ft) in
945:
1226:
1644:
1075:
1035:
1582:
1225:
Rizzo, David M.; Garbelotto, Matteo; Davidson, Jennifer M.; Slaughter, Garey W.; Koike, Steven T. (2002).
1178:
1053:
1571:
1093:
266:
54:
1670:
1821:
903:
410:
841:
1915:
1089:
406:
20:
1631:
1283:
991:
513:
533:
1748:
363:
1813:
769:
636:
501:
1787:
1709:
1639:
1533:
1205:"Blue Oak (Quercus douglasii) Species Details and Allergy Info, Santa Clara County, California"
262:
1735:
1147:
1774:
246:
219:
203:
1603:
1341:
650:
8:
1782:
1499:
748:
62:
1345:
818:
1847:
1800:
1359:
913:
889:
288:
92:
1769:
1590:
1513:
1503:
1472:
1363:
1262:
1119:
1088:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
678:
662:
658:
575:
379:
1301:
1083:
1880:
1852:
1595:
1381:
1349:
1330:"The Ancient Blue Oak Woodlands of California: Longevity and Hydroclimatic History"
1031:
836:
790:
718:
599:
563:
536:. The common name "blue oak" derives from the dark blue-green tint of its leaves.
634:) often occur where the species grow together in the same area. Sources consider
607:
135:
1795:
907:
627:
583:
122:
275:
1869:
1730:
1556:
1517:
827:
417:
371:
82:
77:
1839:
1354:
1329:
1495:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1493:
684:
1743:
1678:
1565:
756:
475:
471:
1657:
1469:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region
591:
488:
and wind-pollinated. Flower buds take a growing season to develop into
485:
359:
1683:
1616:
702:
567:
540:
375:
367:
1527:
755:
acorns, which they considered good-tasting, and processed them into
1834:
1550:
722:
706:
181:
148:
1696:
1621:
732:
or any members of the white oak group. An experiment showed that
420:
is light gray with many medium-sized dark cracks. The blue-green
355:
171:
50:
37:
1608:
1224:
1182:
665:
ecosystems remaining in the state after
European colonization.
489:
421:
161:
1158:. Cal Poly San Luis Obispo - Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute
740:(another white oak) appeared to be resistant to the pathogen.
1181:. University of Arkansas Tree-Ring Laboratory. Archived from
443:
109:
532:
The species is one of over 80 named after
Scottish botanist
810:
402:
1231:
and Sudden Oak Death in
California: I. Host Relationships"
1326:
352:
191:
46:
1082:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
868:"Species Spotlight: Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn"
705:, at more than 50. The wasps trigger the formation of
1302:"Plants Profile for Quercus alvordiana (Alvord oak)"
1020:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
1896:Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
1471:(Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 395.
842:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T78914533A78914539.en
424:are tough and leathery, deciduous, 4–10 cm (
1867:
709:in a wide variety of shapes, colors, and sizes.
1261:. University of California Press. p. 147.
701:hosts the "largest number of known species" of
19:"Blue Oak" redirects here. For other uses, see
1891:Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
1412:"Nature: Sonoma County is bursting with galls"
1254:
1060:. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
912:Note that this website has been superseded by
712:
1492:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
1308:. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
1042:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
1491:
1085:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1142:
1140:
816:
374:. It is California's most drought-tolerant
1179:"Ancient Blue Oak Woodlands of California"
899:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
492:. Blue oak pollen is severely allergenic.
274:
71:
36:
1353:
1281:
1220:
1218:
840:
1405:
1403:
1375:
1373:
1137:
1011:
683:
470: in) long, with a moderately sweet
1320:
1255:Peeters, Hans J.; Peeters, Pam (2005).
1248:
1170:
1069:
1067:
1040:United States Department of Agriculture
927:
925:
923:
921:
382:ecosystem. It is occasionally known as
1868:
1466:
1294:
1288:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
1275:
1215:
1116:California Department of Fish and Game
1007:
1005:
996:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
566:. The species often co-habitates with
378:oak, and is a dominant species in the
1532:
1531:
1409:
1400:
1379:
1370:
1073:
989:
985:
983:
861:
859:
1429:
1410:Wirka, Jeanne (September 22, 2015).
1064:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
918:
865:
668:
1876:IUCN Red List least concern species
1002:
828:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1176:
1106:
856:
661:may be one of the most widespread
539:Taxonomically it is placed in the
14:
1927:
1435:
960:
931:
717:As of 2002, the disease known as
1827:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296074-1
866:Wyly, Zarah (February 8, 2019).
512:
500:
474:, and mature in 6–7 months from
96:
1485:
1460:
1282:Tollefson, Jennifer E. (2008).
1197:
1100:
1911:Garden plants of North America
1906:Trees of Mediterranean climate
1438:"Plant of the Week: Blue Oak (
1046:
882:
783:
393:
1:
803:
697:Author Ron Russo writes that
692:
1036:United States Forest Service
1012:McDonald, Philip M. (1990).
7:
1886:Endemic flora of California
1467:Little, Elbert L. (1994) .
1380:Russo, Ron (July 1, 2009).
1094:Harvard University Herbaria
870:. International Oak Society
762:
713:Sudden oak death resistance
614:). Natural hybrids between
527:
55:Mariposa County, California
10:
1932:
904:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
574:), and is also found with
554:
18:
1540:
1090:Missouri Botanical Garden
407:diameter at breast height
294:
287:
282:
273:
252:
245:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
44:
35:
30:
21:Blue Oak (disambiguation)
1901:Plants described in 1840
1074:Nixon, Kevin C. (1997).
1028:Silvics of North America
990:Fryer, Janet L. (2007).
835:: e.T78914533A78914539.
789:Not to be confused with
776:
728:, had not been found in
442:or shallowly lobed. The
1446:Celebrating Wildflowers
743:
1388:. Bay Nature Institure
1355:10.1175/2013EI000518.1
1092:, St. Louis, MO &
689:
438:–4 in) long, and
1502:. pp. 228, 231.
1448:. U.S. Forest Service
1284:"Quercus chrysolepis"
1258:Raptors of California
1236:. U.S. Forest Service
796:, a separate species.
687:
1229:Phytophthora ramorum
817:Beckman, E. (2016).
770:Quercus × alvordiana
726:Phytophthora ramorum
651:Q. john-tuckeri
637:Quercus × alvordiana
519:Leaves in lobed form
318:Quercus oblongifolia
1386:Bay Nature Magazine
1382:"Call of the Galls"
1346:2013EaInt..17l...1S
1185:on December 4, 2008
1109:"Blue Oak Woodland"
1054:"Quercus douglasii"
992:"Quercus douglasii"
932:Hogan, C. Michael.
749:Native Californians
612:Q. chrysolepis
63:Conservation status
16:Species of oak tree
1442:Hook. & Arn.)"
1416:The Press Democrat
1334:Earth Interactions
1125:on August 10, 2009
914:World Flora Online
751:commonly gathered
690:
679:drought resistance
646:Q. turbinella
640:to be a hybrid of
632:Q. turbinella
401:is a medium-sized
351:, is a species of
1863:
1862:
1788:Quercus douglasii
1770:Open Tree of Life
1572:Quercus douglasii
1542:Quercus douglasii
1534:Taxon identifiers
1509:978-1-4027-6715-9
1440:Quercus douglasii
1209:PollenLibrary.com
1150:Quercus douglasii
1107:Ritter, Lyman V.
1078:Quercus douglasii
1016:Quercus douglasii
936:Quercus douglasii
892:Quercus douglasii
821:Quercus douglasii
753:Quercus douglasii
734:Q. douglasii
730:Quercus douglasii
674:Quercus douglasii
669:Drought tolerance
663:old-growth forest
659:blue oak woodland
642:Q. douglasii
616:Q. douglasii
588:Q. agrifolia
580:Q. wislizeni
576:interior live oak
446:are 2–3 cm (
399:Quercus douglasii
380:blue oak woodland
344:Quercus douglasii
340:
339:
334:
326:
314:
306:
305:(Kellogg) Beissn.
298:Quercus douglasii
256:Quercus douglasii
238:Q. douglasii
86:
1923:
1916:Ornamental trees
1856:
1855:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1829:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1803:
1791:
1790:
1778:
1777:
1765:
1764:
1752:
1751:
1739:
1738:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1712:
1700:
1699:
1687:
1686:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1648:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1118:. Archived from
1113:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1096:, Cambridge, MA.
1071:
1062:
1061:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1032:Washington, D.C.
1009:
1000:
999:
987:
958:
957:
955:
953:
944:. Archived from
929:
916:
911:
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
863:
854:
853:
851:
849:
844:
814:
797:
792:Quercus gambelii
787:
721:, caused by the
719:sudden oak death
624:Q. garryana
618:and the related
604:Q. garryana
600:Oregon white oak
543:group (subgenus
516:
507:Leaves and acorn
504:
469:
468:
464:
461:
455:
454:
450:
437:
436:
432:
429:
362:, common in the
332:
330:Quercus ransomii
324:
312:
310:Quercus gambelii
304:
278:
258:
224:
208:
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
40:
28:
27:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1656:
1651:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1536:
1526:
1525:
1510:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1436:Gauna, Forest.
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1408:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1378:
1371:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1306:Plants Database
1300:
1299:
1295:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1177:Stahle, David.
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1072:
1065:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1030:. Vol. 2.
1010:
1003:
988:
961:
951:
949:
948:on May 26, 2013
930:
919:
888:
887:
883:
873:
871:
864:
857:
847:
845:
815:
811:
806:
801:
800:
788:
784:
779:
765:
746:
715:
695:
671:
608:canyon live oak
572:Pinus sabiniana
557:
530:
525:
524:
523:
520:
517:
508:
505:
466:
462:
459:
457:
452:
448:
447:
434:
430:
427:
425:
396:
269:
260:
254:
241:
222:
206:
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:wfo-0000290545
1844:
1831:
1818:
1805:
1792:
1779:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1649:
1636:
1626:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1577:
1562:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1508:
1484:
1477:
1459:
1428:
1399:
1369:
1319:
1293:
1274:
1267:
1247:
1214:
1196:
1169:
1136:
1099:
1063:
1045:
1001:
959:
942:GlobalTwitcher
917:
908:The Plant List
881:
855:
808:
807:
805:
802:
799:
798:
781:
780:
778:
775:
774:
773:
764:
761:
745:
742:
738:Q. lobata
714:
711:
694:
691:
670:
667:
628:shrub live oak
620:Q. lobata
596:Q. lobata
584:coast live oak
556:
553:
529:
526:
522:
521:
518:
511:
509:
506:
499:
496:
495:
494:
411:Alameda County
395:
392:
338:
337:
336:
335:
327:
315:
307:
292:
291:
285:
284:
283:Natural range
280:
279:
271:
270:
261:
250:
249:
243:
242:
235:
233:
229:
228:
217:
213:
212:
201:
197:
196:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
152:
151:
146:
139:
138:
133:
126:
125:
120:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
88:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1928:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1268:9780520242005
1264:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1006:
997:
993:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
947:
943:
939:
937:
928:
926:
924:
922:
915:
909:
905:
901:
900:
895:
893:
885:
869:
862:
860:
843:
838:
834:
830:
829:
824:
822:
813:
809:
795:
793:
786:
782:
772:
771:
767:
766:
760:
758:
754:
750:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
724:
720:
710:
708:
704:
700:
688:Galls on leaf
686:
682:
680:
675:
666:
664:
660:
655:
653:
652:
647:
643:
639:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
534:David Douglas
515:
510:
503:
498:
497:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
477:
473:
445:
441:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:Sierra Nevada
369:
365:
361:
357:
354:
350:
346:
345:
331:
328:
323:
319:
316:
311:
308:
303:
299:
296:
295:
293:
290:
286:
281:
277:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
251:
248:
247:Binomial name
244:
240:
239:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:Tracheophytes
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
48:
45:A large blue
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1541:
1498:. New York:
1494:
1487:
1468:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1445:
1439:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1390:. Retrieved
1385:
1340:(12): 1–23.
1337:
1333:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1287:
1277:
1257:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1228:
1208:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1183:the original
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1155:
1152:Tree Record"
1149:
1127:. Retrieved
1120:the original
1115:
1102:
1084:
1077:
1057:
1048:
1027:
1022:
1015:
995:
950:. Retrieved
946:the original
941:
935:
906:– via
897:
891:
884:
872:. Retrieved
848:November 12,
846:. Retrieved
832:
826:
820:
812:
791:
785:
768:
752:
747:
737:
733:
729:
725:
716:
699:Q. douglasii
698:
696:
673:
672:
656:
649:
645:
641:
635:
631:
623:
619:
615:
611:
603:
595:
587:
579:
571:
560:Q. douglasii
559:
558:
548:
544:
538:
531:
482:Q. douglasii
481:
480:
415:
398:
397:
387:
384:mountain oak
383:
364:Coast Ranges
348:
343:
342:
341:
329:
321:
317:
309:
301:
297:
255:
253:
237:
236:
220:
204:
192:
155:
142:
129:
116:
25:
1744:NatureServe
1679:iNaturalist
1566:Wikispecies
757:acorn flour
657:Old-growth
644:and either
476:pollination
394:Description
347:, known as
322:brevilobata
136:Angiosperms
1870:Categories
1801:kew-172538
1796:Plant List
1580:Calflora:
1478:0394507614
934:"Blue Oak
804:References
703:gall wasps
693:Gall wasps
592:valley oak
547:, section
486:monoecious
360:California
200:Subgenus:
1645:233501022
1518:244766414
1364:130820896
1156:SelecTree
1129:April 12,
1023:Hardwoods
707:oak galls
568:gray pine
541:white oak
376:deciduous
368:foothills
232:Species:
216:Section:
106:Kingdom:
31:Blue oak
1840:13100062
1835:Tropicos
1749:2.156621
1736:78914533
1710:10607676
1697:296074-1
1551:Wikidata
1500:Sterling
1452:July 15,
1421:July 15,
1392:July 15,
1312:July 15,
1240:July 14,
1189:July 14,
1162:July 14,
1058:Calflora
1038:(USFS),
952:July 14,
874:July 14,
763:See also
723:oomycete
564:canopies
528:Taxonomy
388:iron oak
366:and the
349:blue oak
302:ransomii
289:Synonyms
221:Quercus
205:Quercus
182:Fagaceae
178:Family:
149:Eudicots
83:IUCN 3.1
1881:Quercus
1775:3930798
1658:2878266
1609:1151649
1557:Q666160
1342:Bibcode
606:), and
555:Ecology
549:Quercus
545:Quercus
490:catkins
465:⁄
451:⁄
433:⁄
370:of the
356:endemic
333:Kellogg
225:Quercus
209:Quercus
193:Quercus
188:Genus:
172:Fagales
168:Order:
110:Plantae
81: (
51:pasture
1809:PLANTS
1762:465759
1671:417557
1632:quedou
1629:FEIS:
1516:
1506:
1475:
1362:
1265:
626:, and
472:kernel
444:acorns
440:entire
422:leaves
313:Liebm.
265:&
162:Rosids
1723:19322
1705:IRMNG
1684:49009
1622:QUEDO
1596:4R4TP
1360:S2CID
1234:(PDF)
1123:(PDF)
1112:(PDF)
794:Nutt.
777:Notes
325:Torr.
320:var.
300:var.
263:Hook.
223:sect.
207:subg.
156:Clade
143:Clade
130:Clade
117:Clade
49:in a
1822:POWO
1814:QUDO
1783:PfaF
1757:NCBI
1731:IUCN
1718:ITIS
1692:IPNI
1666:GRIN
1653:GBIF
1617:EPPO
1583:6990
1514:OCLC
1504:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1454:2019
1423:2019
1394:2019
1314:2019
1263:ISBN
1242:2019
1191:2019
1164:2019
1131:2022
954:2019
876:2019
850:2021
833:2016
744:Uses
736:and
418:bark
416:The
403:tree
386:and
267:Arn.
1848:WFO
1640:FNA
1604:EoL
1591:CoL
1350:doi
837:doi
648:or
598:),
590:),
582:),
551:).
484:is
358:to
353:oak
53:in
47:oak
1872::
1850::
1837::
1824::
1811::
1798::
1785::
1772::
1759::
1746::
1733::
1720::
1707::
1694::
1681::
1668::
1655::
1642::
1619::
1606::
1593::
1568::
1553::
1512:.
1444:.
1414:.
1402:^
1384:.
1372:^
1358:.
1348:.
1338:17
1336:.
1332:.
1304:.
1286:.
1217:^
1207:.
1154:.
1139:^
1114:.
1066:^
1056:.
1034::
1026:.
1004:^
994:.
962:^
940:.
920:^
902:.
896:.
858:^
831:.
825:.
654:.
622:,
478:.
390:.
158::
145::
132::
119::
1520:.
1481:.
1456:.
1425:.
1396:.
1366:.
1352::
1344::
1316:.
1271:.
1244:.
1227:"
1211:.
1193:.
1166:.
1148:"
1133:.
1080:"
1076:"
1018:"
1014:"
956:.
938:"
910:.
894:"
890:"
878:.
852:.
839::
823:"
819:"
630:(
610:(
602:(
594:(
586:(
578:(
570:(
467:4
463:1
460:+
458:1
456:–
453:4
449:3
435:2
431:1
428:+
426:1
85:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
