160:, thus strengthening the eventual structure. Snow is typically piled 1.5 to 2 metres (4.9 to 6.6 ft) high in a dome 3 to 4 metres (9.8 to 13.1 ft) in diameter. It is then left for at least 2 hours to sinter, allowing both temperature and moisture in the snow to homogenize and the snow crystals to bond with each other. Packing can speed the bonding process and strengthen the structure. Small sticks, approximately 30 to 35 centimetres (12 to 14 in) are pushed into the structure to act as thickness guides when the interior is hollowed out. According to Halfpenny and Ozane (1989), the wall at the base should be at least 30 centimetres (12 in) wide and at the top about 20 centimetres (7.9 in) thick, though wall-base thicknesses of more than 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) are possible.
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the interior ceiling should be excavated first, then the interior walls and floor. One person should be outside the quinzhee while another is digging inside. Place a shovel, branch, hiking pole, or such near the head of a sleeping person for roof support, to break a falling roof to create an air gap, and/or as a tool to dig out. One shovel should be left outside to mark the door and aid rescuers in digging occupants out. Some users prefer a marker to be left outside the quinzhee nearest the heads of sleeping occupants to indicate where rescuers should start digging.
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147:. Quinzhees are not usually meant to be long-term shelters, while igloos can be used for seasonal habitation. Constructing quinzhees is much easier than igloos, although the overall result is somewhat less sturdy and more prone to collapsing in harsh weather conditions. Quinzhees are normally constructed in times of necessity for survival, so aesthetic and long-term dwelling considerations are normally exchanged for economy of time and materials.
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often smoothed to direct the flow of water down the walls to gather around the edges. A non-airtight fabric door cover will minimize the amount of cold air coming into the quinzhee. An empty, well built snow structure, 16 or more hours old, in weather below −12 °C (10 °F) may be strong enough to support a group of adults standing on top of it.
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door can be permanently blocked using previously excavated blocks, and a smaller permanent door can be cut in the most desirable spot. Time and effort are required to hollow out the center of a quinzhee, though these can be reduced by piling snow around a hollow structure, such as a tarp-covered pile of packs or a makeshift tent or dome.
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Quinzhees should not be used when temperatures are warmer than −4 °C (25 °F) due to risk of collapse. The greatest risk of collapse occurs during the excavation process. Longer sintering time generally reduces risk of excavation collapse. To reduce undue loading on the roof of the quinzhee,
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Excavation may be accomplished more quickly if large blocks of interior snow are carved and slid out through a large, temporary "excavation door." Strength increases when all interior wall and ceiling surfaces follow an arched curve, with no flat sections. Once excavation is complete the excavation
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Allowing the interior temperature to rise above freezing point risks weakening the shelter significantly, especially if the outside air temperature is near freezing. A small hole for air circulation should be poked through the ceiling. To avoid dripping melt-water, irregular or bumpy surfaces are
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from poor snow conditions, warm weather, blowing rain, construction problems (hitting a supporting wall), failure to let the snow sinter long enough, or from people climbing on them. Collapse poses a danger of suffocation for occupants.
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Quinzhees are typically built in flat areas where snow is abundant, on days colder than −4 °C (25 °F). Builders break up layers of naturally fallen snow into powder and thoroughly mix bottom and top layers of snow to increase
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358:, a creamy Indian lentil dish (1984, from Hindi), quinzhee, a type of snow shelter (1984, from Slave or another language of the Pacific Coast of North America),
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is a
Canadian snow shelter made from a large pile of loose snow that is shaped, then hollowed. This is in contrast to an
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A lumitalo is a more elaborate snow-house or building made out of snow in a manner similar to a quinzhee. The term is
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Quinzhees typically have an inside height after excavation which allows for sitting or crouching but not standing.
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Some examples that the Oxford
English Dictionary suggests entered English during the past 30 years include tarka
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Allen & Mike's Really Cool
Backcountry Ski Book: Traveling and Camping Skills for a Winter Environment
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Winter: An
Ecological Handbook', James C. Halfpenny & Roy Ozanne, Johnson, 1989, p. 230-234
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Melting and refreezing the inner side of the quinzhee can strengthen it, as it does an
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The snow for a quinzhee does not need to be of the same quality as required for an
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origin and entered the
English language by 1984. A quinzhee can be made for winter
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388:"Say Yah to da Finns, Eh! Linguistically Performing Finnishness at Festivals"
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A similar, but more elaborate snow house is called a lumitalo.
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All snow shelters eventually collapse or melt. Quinzhees can
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423:"Survival Shelters: 15 Best Designs and How to Build Them"
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374:, an Italian dessert made of ice cream and coffee (1992).
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339:"Does English still borrow words from other languages?"
117:, constructed by digging into the snow. The word is of
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113:, which is built up from blocks of hard snow, and a
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313:. New York: Little, Brown and Company. p.
266:. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books. pp. 230–234.
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370:, a type of Japanese bar serving food (1987),
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526:
309:Cold: Adventures in the World's Frozen Places
262:Halfpenny, James C. & Roy Ozanne (1989).
210:in origin, and literally means “snow house”.
1537:Buildings and structures made of snow or ice
393:. Journal of Finnish Studies. Archived from
442:"What house-builders can learn from igloos"
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136:Differences between a quinzhee and an igloo
66:Exterior of a quinzhee, facing the entrance
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217:, builds a lumitalo as part of its annual
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261:
501:How to Build Winter Shelters and Survive
304:
61:
487:. Keweenaw Peninsula. February 8, 2002.
466:. Keweenaw Peninsula. February 8, 2002.
171:; this can be done rapidly with a lamp
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1552:Traditional Native American dwellings
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456:Lumitalo and other Heikinpäivä events
362:, a type of Singaporean or Malaysian
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506:How to build a Quinzee Snow Shelter
13:
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177:, but body heat is also adequate.
14:
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547:designs and semi-permanent human
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440:Cruickshank, Dan (2 April 2008).
223:Michigan Technological University
45:and remove advice or instruction.
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16:Canadian indigenous snow shelter
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264:Winter: An Ecological Handbook
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1156:Native American architecture
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386:Remlinger, Kathryn (2016).
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784:Wigwam, wickiup and wetu
483:January 6, 2009, at the
1542:Indigenous architecture
1077:Vernacular architecture
305:Streever, Bill (2009).
462:July 18, 2011, at the
129:purposes, or for fun.
67:
604:Clochán (beehive hut)
477:Houghton's Snow House
65:
1328:Mesoamerican pyramid
649:Icelandic turf house
556:Traditional immobile
366:(1986, from Malay),
240:Kamakura (snow dome)
43:rewrite this article
1244:Territorial Revival
1082:Village des Bories
824:Traditional mobile
429:. 17 October 2019.
400:on March 22, 2022.
215:Houghton, Michigan
68:
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1022:Cabanes du Breuil
345:. 3 February 2014
324:978-0-316-04291-8
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36:a manual or guide
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1027:Circular linhay
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994:Alpine club hut
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749:Sassi di Matera
689:Musgum mud huts
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485:Wayback Machine
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989:Wilderness hut
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32:This article
30:
21:
20:
1293:Guachimontón
1177:Mesoamerican
1112:
1100:
1067:Transhumance
999:Mountain hut
962:Jamesway hut
861:Ger district
856:Yurt and ger
728:
724:Quiggly hole
679:Menstruation
476:
471:
455:
450:
435:
427:Outdoor Life
426:
417:
410:
406:
395:the original
381:
353:
347:. Retrieved
333:
308:
300:
295:, pg. 80-86.
284:
280:
263:
256:Bibliography
213:The city of
212:
205:
196:
188:
179:
166:
162:
154:
151:Construction
142:
139:
131:
75:
71:
69:
48:
41:Please help
33:
1547:House types
1496:Corbel arch
1463:Rope bridge
1393:Sweat lodge
1348:Plank house
1288:Earth lodge
1239:Territorial
1201:San Bartolo
1052:Stilt house
1004:Winter room
984:Twynham hut
957:Quonset hut
619:Earth lodge
364:spring roll
1531:Categories
1453:Moki steps
1425:Structures
1219:Neo-Andean
1072:Tree house
969:Romney hut
952:Nissen hut
942:Hopper hut
881:Beach fale
739:Roundhouse
565:(Nipa hut)
563:Bahay kubo
349:2014-02-05
272:References
174:or candle,
119:Athabaskan
51:April 2015
1501:Roof comb
1433:Ballcourt
1318:Longhouse
1278:Corn crib
1062:Thatching
932:Beach hut
789:Zemlyanka
769:Tongkonan
759:Sod house
709:Pit-house
669:Log cabin
250:Snow fort
245:Snow cave
202:Lumitalos
158:sintering
115:snow cave
1483:Elements
1398:Temazcal
1273:Barabara
1101:Category
979:Slab hut
974:Rondavel
947:Iris hut
937:Hexayurt
873:Open-air
754:Shieling
734:Rondavel
729:Quinzhee
569:Barabara
549:shelters
545:dwelling
481:Archived
460:Archived
372:affogato
229:See also
221:held by
191:collapse
127:survival
72:quinzhee
1448:E-Group
1438:Chultun
1388:Shabono
1368:Quiggly
1332:Triadic
1283:Chickee
1229:Revival
1196:Río Bec
906:Pergola
891:Chickee
851:Yaranga
704:Palloza
368:izakaya
208:Finnish
185:Dangers
123:camping
76:quinzee
1511:Sipapu
1506:Sascab
1491:Ashlar
1415:Wigwam
1378:Ramada
1373:Qullqa
1363:Qarmaq
1353:Pukara
1323:Maloca
1224:Pueblo
1214:Muisca
1164:Styles
1113:Portal
925:Modern
916:Toguna
911:Ramada
901:Palapa
896:Gazebo
886:Cabana
774:Trullo
764:Sukkah
719:Qarmaq
684:Mitato
674:Maloca
634:Goahti
614:Dugout
609:Crotto
589:Burdei
584:Bunong
360:popiah
321:
291:
1473:Ushnu
1468:Sacbe
1410:Tupiq
1358:Qargi
1308:Jacal
1303:Igloo
1298:Hogan
1181:Aztec
1037:Shack
836:Lavvu
779:Tukul
714:Qargi
664:Kapar
659:Jacal
654:Igloo
644:Humpy
639:Hogan
629:Girna
624:Funco
599:Cleit
579:Bothy
398:(PDF)
391:(PDF)
235:Igloo
169:igloo
145:igloo
111:igloo
1443:Cuel
1405:Tipi
1383:Ruka
1313:Kiva
1234:Deco
1191:Puuc
1186:Maya
1172:Inca
1057:Tent
1042:Shed
846:Tipi
831:Chum
744:Ruka
699:Orri
594:Bure
319:ISBN
289:ISBN
125:and
1343:Oca
694:Oca
542:Hut
356:dal
315:187
74:or
1533::
425:.
352:.
341:.
317:.
225:.
102:iː
70:A
1339:)
1330:(
1208:)
1179:(
1148:e
1141:t
1134:v
534:e
527:t
520:v
444:.
327:.
105:/
99:z
96:n
93:ɪ
90:w
87:k
84:ˈ
81:/
53:)
49:(
38:.
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