269:(R–VA) issued a letter on the matter. Goode wrote "When I raise my hand to take the oath on Swearing In Day, I will have the Bible in my other hand. I do not subscribe to using the Koran in any way. The Muslim Representative from Minnesota was elected by the voters of that district and if American citizens don't wake up and adopt the Virgil Goode position on immigration there will likely be many more Muslims elected to office and demanding the use of the Koran ... I fear that in the next century we will have many more Muslims in the United States if we do not adopt the strict immigration policies that I believe are necessary to preserve the values and beliefs traditional to the United States of America and to prevent our resources from being swamped."
156:
344:"It demonstrates that from the very beginning of our country, we had people who were visionary, who were religiously tolerant, who believed that knowledge and wisdom could be gleaned from any number of sources, including the Qurʻan. A visionary like Thomas Jefferson was not afraid of a different belief system", Ellison said. "This just shows that religious tolerance is the bedrock of our country, and religious differences are nothing to be afraid of."
99:(R–VA) issued a letter to his constituents stating his view that Ellison's decision to use the Qur'an is a threat to "the values and beliefs traditional to the United States of America ... if American citizens don't wake up and adopt the Virgil Goode position on immigration there will likely be many more Muslims elected to office and demanding the use of the Koran." Goode's foray into the controversy caused many other members of Congress to weigh in.
33:
379:. Though the Library of Congress is directly across the street from the Capitol, Thomas Jefferson's Qur'an took fifteen minutes to arrive as it was brought through "a long, winding underground route via tunnels ... to protect the Quran from the elements". Once inside the Capitol, the Qur'an was placed in a rectangular box, and handled with a green felt wrapper when guards ran the book through security x-ray machines.
258:
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takes. Among his family was his mother Clida
Ellison who thought that the controversy had a positive effect, "because many people in America are going to learn what the diversity of America is all about". Clida Ellison noted that she is a practicing Roman Catholic who goes to Mass every day. Ellison expressed his satisfaction that the controversy was behind him:
729:(London: Hawes, Clarke, Collins and Wilcox, 1764). The two-volume work, which resides in the Library of Congress's Rare Book and Special Collections Division, is one of nearly 6,500 titles sold to Congress by Jefferson in 1815 to replace the Congressional Library, that had been destroyed when the British burned the Capitol during the War of 1812.
228:'s Andrea Stone, Prager indicated that he would continue to write and speak about his opinion that Ellison and others should not use the Qur'an for swearing-in ceremonies while acknowledging that legally preventing Ellison from using the Qur'an could be unconstitutional. Prager said "I'm not arguing legality. I'm arguing what you should do."
244:. CAIR's executive director said, "No one who holds such bigoted, intolerant and divisive views should be in a policymaking position at a taxpayer-funded institution that seeks to educate Americans about the destructive impact hatred has had, and continues to have, on every society". Some members of the Memorial Council like
139:
at all, but to affirm, without reference to God or to a sacred work. Atheists and agnostics are thus protected, as well as members of certain
Christian groups . Why would Muslims and others not be equally protected from having to perform a religious ritual that expressly invokes a religion in which they do not believe?"
382:
Ellison was impressed by the two-volume set, saying "Look at that. That's something else. Oh my God. This is great." A few minutes later, Nancy Pelosi arrived and photos of a ceremonial reenactment oath were taken. There were so many of
Ellison's family in attendance that the ceremony was done in two
469:
on
February 22, 2019 (prior to her own election to Congress), arguing that Omar and Tlaib should be required to re-swear their oaths on a Christian Bible, or else they could not be considered "legitimate" members of Congress. Similar to Ted Crockett, Greene was arguing, incorrectly, that a U.S. law
138:
noted that the
Constitution states officials "'shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required ...' The option of giving an affirmation rather than oath ... the Constitution thus already expressly authorizes people not to swear
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Ellison spokesman Rick Jauert said "Keith is paying respect not only to the founding fathers' belief in religious freedom but the
Constitution itself." Ellison, who was originally told about the Qurʻan from an anonymous letter, spoke to the Associated Press in a phone interview. He said that using
724:
When Rep.-elect Keith
Ellison (D-Minn.) takes his individual ceremonial oath of office on Jan. 4, it is to be with one hand upon Thomas Jefferson's copy of the Koran ... Ellison, the first Muslim elected to Congress, requested to take the oath upon Jefferson's personal copy of George Sale's 1734
83:
criticized the decision in his
November 28, 2006, column titled "America, not Keith Ellison, decides what book a Congressman takes his oath on," saying, "What Ellison and his Muslim and leftist supporters are saying is that it is of no consequence what America holds as its holiest book; all that
248:
were vocal in advocating his removal. In the end the executive committee of the council issued a resolution that the
Council "disassociates itself from Mr. Prager's statements as being antithetical to the mission of the Museum as an institution promoting tolerance and respect for all peoples
362:
49:13 : "O People! Behold, We have created you male and female, and have made you into nations and tribes, so that you might come to know one another. Verily, the noblest of you in the sight of God is the one who is most deeply conscious of Him. Behold, God is all-knowing."
217:
Although Prager previously wrote that
Ellison should not be allowed to use the Qur'an for his swearing-in ceremony and that he should not serve in Congress if he was "incapable of taking an oath on that book ," he subsequently stated in a telephone interview with the
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It was good, we did it, it's over, and now it's time to get down to business ... maybe we don't have to talk about it so much anymore. Not that I'm complaining, but the pressing issues the country is facing are just a little bit more on my mind right
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In his December 5, 2006 article on the subject Prager denied that he was promoting a de facto religious test, despite his position that Ellison should not be allowed to take his oath on the Qur'an. Law Professor
17:
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without the use of any religious text, and that such works are only used in ceremonial reenactments afterwards, Prager stated "That's the whole point: It's exactly because it's ceremonial that it matters."
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336:(and former resident of the Congressional District Ellison now represented) said he was contacted early in December 2006 by Ellison, who told him "He wanted to use a Qur'an that was special."
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or a Qur'an as Ellison did. Crockett appeared lost for a response, indicating that he was unaware of Ellison's election, or the circumstances of his taking office. A later article by
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announced that Ellison "will hold the personal copy once owned by Thomas Jefferson" lent to him by "the rare book and special collections division at the Library of Congress".
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446:, were both sworn into Congress using copies of the Qur'an. Tlaib used a copy given to her by a close friend, while Omar used a copy originally owned by her grandfather.
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Goode's letter generated much criticism from Muslim-American advocacy groups and from his fellow United States legislators. Among those critical of Goode, were Reps.
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The column attracted national attention from supporters of both Ellison and Prager. Presented with the fact that all members of the House swear in (or affirm)
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A new level of gravity came to the controversy when responding to "a flood of e-mails from constituents" about Ellison's oath, fifth term Representative
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that he did not think Ellison should be banned from serving. "I don't think anything legal should be done about this." In an interview with
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elaborated that "Mr. Ellison, or anyone else, could have also used a comic book, a lesser Shakespeare play, or nothing at all."
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based on the inaccurate belief that all incoming members of Congress are legally required to swear their oath of service on a
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147:, announced that she would use the affirmation option and without the use of any religious text in the swearing-in ceremony.
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states "no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States" (
1423:
1357:"Marjorie Taylor Greene tried to force Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib to retake their oaths on a Bible in a resurfaced video"
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On January 4, 2007, before the first session of the 110th Congress, Ellison at a multi-faith prayer service recited verse
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Goode's spokesman, Linwood Duncan, said "no apology was forthcoming, and that the congressman stands by the letter."
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used no Bible in taking his first oath of office in 1901, but did in 1905. Other sources have noted that after
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916:"The LBJ missal: Why a prayer book given to John F. Kennedy was used to swear in the 36th US President"
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took the presidential oath on a law volume containing a copy of the Constitution in 1825, and in 1853,
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requires the use of a Christian Bible, when in fact no such law exists (and would violate the
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1324:"Two reps were sworn in on the Quran. It's a symbolic moment for Muslim Americans"
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409:, defending Moore's statement that Muslims should not be allowed to serve in the
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559:"America, not Keith Ellison, decides what book a congressman takes his oath on"
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Mark Dimunation, head of the rare book and special collections division at the
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1291:"Using a Quran to swear in to Congress: A brief history of oaths and texts"
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525:"First Muslim on his way to Congress - he will represent Minnesota, Islam"
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Mark Dimunation, Chief of the Rare Book and Special Collections Division,
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240:(CAIR) called for Prager to be removed from the council overseeing the
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After the members of the 110th House of Representatives were sworn in
948:"Presidents of the United States: Some Precedents and Notable Events"
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Ellison went on to use the English translation of a Qur'an owned by
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1258:"You don't need to take an oath on a Bible, or any religious text"
130:) and at least four Presidents have not been sworn in on a Bible.
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Ellison's photo-op reenactment of his swearing in ceremony with
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Qur'an oath controversy of the 110th United States Congress
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1045:"U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council distances itself from Prager"
624:"Anti-Muslim letter goes out to hundreds - not all are amused"
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matters is what any individual holds to be his holiest book."
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864:"Religion's role in the American political system questioned"
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205:-elected president, Kennedy was the first to use a Catholic (
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710:(Press release). U.S. Library of Congress. January 3, 2007.
438:, Ellison's successor as representative from Minnesota, and
1231:"110th Congress: Goode offers greetings to Muslim lawmaker"
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981:"Quran controversy: Prager plans to keep pressing issue"
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US Rep. Virgil H. Goode, Jr., of Virginia's 5th district
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1071:"Va. congressman fears election of 'Many more muslims'"
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1139:
Amy Argetsinger; Roxanne Roberts (January 3, 2007).
1103:"Lawmaker won't apologize for 'Islamophobic' letter"
594:. Associated Press. December 2, 2006. Archived from
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On January 27, 2021, video footage was published of
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Separation of church and state in the United States
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810:"Oh say, can you swear on a Koran? What's correct"
249:regardless of their race, religion or ethnicity".
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1404:Congressional controversies in the United States
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770:"A response to my many critics - and a solution"
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232:The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council's resolution
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405:'s spokesman, Ted Crockett, was interviewed on
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893:. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books. p. 566.
841:"A change of Biblical proportions? Not really"
725:translation of the Koran, commonly called the
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767:
743:"Dennis Prager - Hateful and wrong – updated"
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588:"Ellison's Quran choice stirring controversy"
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213:Prager rescinds call for Ellison not to serve
95:The controversy became more heated when Rep.
1414:Islam-related controversies in North America
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236:Because of his part in the controversy, the
174:affirmed the oath rather than swearing it.
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1203:Mohammad Amjad Hossain (January 18, 2007).
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47:In mid-November 2006, it was reported that
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186:was used, as no Bible could be found when
1233:. Richmond Times-Dispatch. Archived from
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1174:"Congressman to be sworn in using Quran"
1010:Frederic J. Frommer (December 4, 2006).
442:, the newly elected representative from
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159:Lyndon B. Johnson being sworn in aboard
154:
31:
1394:2006 controversies in the United States
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1172:Frederic J. Frommer (January 3, 2007).
1051:from the original on September 27, 2007
866:. Religion News Service. Archived from
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684:from the original on September 21, 2015
656:"Ellison Uses Thomas Jefferson's Quran"
654:Frederic J. Frommer (January 5, 2007).
535:from the original on September 29, 2007
490:James Gordon Meek (November 12, 2006).
242:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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1355:Danielle Zoellner (January 27, 2021).
1270:from the original on December 14, 2017
1115:from the original on September 5, 2017
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209:) version of the Bible for his oath."
69:Minnesota's 5th congressional district
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1153:from the original on January 15, 2007
714:from the original on January 20, 2017
565:from the original on December 3, 2006
504:from the original on January 18, 2016
238:Council on American–Islamic Relations
151:Use of other texts for oath of office
1141:"But It's Thomas Jefferson's Koran!"
914:Usborne, Simon (November 16, 2013).
907:
891:The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents
523:Rochelle Olson (November 19, 2006).
1079:. December 20, 2006. Archived from
928:from the original on August 5, 2014
808:Eugene Volokh (November 29, 2006).
745:. Minnesota Monitor. Archived from
622:Erika Howsare (December 19, 2006).
577:
557:Dennis Prager (November 28, 2006).
24:
1229:Sean Mussenden (January 5, 2007).
1184:from the original on June 29, 2011
1043:James Besser (December 22, 2006).
862:Omar Sacirbey (December 8, 2006).
839:Bree Hocking (November 20, 2006).
768:Dennis Prager (December 5, 2006).
453:, a Republican congresswoman from
340:Jefferson's Qur'an makes a point:
25:
1435:
1289:Herrera, Jack (January 4, 2019).
1012:"Islamic Group Targets Columnist"
979:Mark Memmott (December 1, 2006).
960:from the original on July 1, 2016
741:Robin Marty (November 28, 2006).
492:"Jihadists trash Muslim U.S. rep"
349:Opening day of the 110th Congress
124:Constitution of the United States
1322:Karas, Tania (January 3, 2019).
474:of the Constitution if it did).
194:) had to assume the Presidency.
114:, for the swearing-in ceremony.
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354:Ellison at interfaith service
190:(who was not Catholic, but a
182:was assassinated, a Catholic
1389:110th United States Congress
889:Degregorio, William (2009).
392:
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1424:Quran-related controversies
457:and an avowed supporter of
75:. In reaction to the news,
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1409:Islam in the United States
1329:Public Radio International
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1399:2006 in American politics
1205:"Islamophobia in America"
307:Thomas Jefferson's Qurʻan
201:notes that "As the first
118:Constitutional provisions
472:No Religious Test Clause
163:with a Catholic missal.
71:) with his hand on the
1047:. The Jewish Journal.
814:National Review Online
465:, walking through the
451:Marjorie Taylor Greene
411:United States Congress
397:On December 12, 2017,
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367:Ceremonial reenactment
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253:Impact of Virgil Goode
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57:United States Congress
44:
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1111:. December 21, 2006.
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461:and other right-wing
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292:(D–CA) plus Senators
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128:Article VI, section 3
35:
1180:. Associated Press.
630:on December 11, 2008
434:On January 3, 2019,
323:On January 3, 2007,
267:Virgil H. Goode, Jr.
55:ever elected to the
1336:on January 16, 2019
1146:The Washington Post
1024:on October 26, 2012
1017:The Washington Post
991:on January 28, 2007
953:Library of Congress
820:on December 7, 2006
776:on January 31, 2007
727:Alcoran of Mohammed
661:The Washington Post
497:New York Daily News
463:conspiracy theories
417:. The interviewer,
334:Library of Congress
326:The Washington Post
317:Library of Congress
199:Library of Congress
112:Alcoran of Mohammed
1303:on January 5, 2019
1263:The New York Times
1083:on January 2, 2007
870:on January 5, 2007
749:on January 9, 2007
428:The New York Times
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192:Disciple of Christ
176:Theodore Roosevelt
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401:Senate candidate
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168:John Quincy Adams
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