905:
commanded,". Without public access to the advisory, it is obviously impossible to comment in detail. Even if it did describe a real intrusion, there is a plausible "no attack" explanation for ROSAT's failure, and the report is claimed to link the two incidents as no more than "coincident." However, NASA officials in charge of the day-to-day operations of the ROSAT mission at
Goddard, including GSFC Rosat Project Scientist Rob Petre, say definitively that no such incident occurred. Talleur's information appears to have come from one of his interns who exaggerated a hacking incident on an office computer not related to flight operations.
921:
101:
36:
674:
631:
583:
528:. ROSAT was capable of fast slews (180 deg. in ~15 min.) which makes it possible to observe two targets on opposite hemispheres during each orbit. The pointing accuracy was 1 arcminute with stability less than 5 arcsec per sec and jitter radius of ~10 arcsec. Two CCD star sensors were used for optical position sensing of guide stars and attitude determination of the spacecraft. The post facto attitude determination accuracy was 6 arcsec.
3636:
1459:
725:
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Each PSPC is a thin-window gas counter. Each incoming X-ray photon produces an electron cloud whose position and charge are detected using two wire grids. The photon position is determined with an accuracy of about 120 micrometers. The electron cloud's charge corresponds to the photon energy, with a
613:
There are two
Position Sensitive Proportional Counters (PSPC), PSPC-B and PSPC-C, mounted on a carousel within the focal plane turret of ROSAT. PSPC-C was intended to be the primary detector for the mission and was used for the bulk of the All-Sky Survey until it was destroyed during the AMCS glitch
465:
In
February 2011, it was reported that the 2,400 kg (5,291 lb) satellite was unlikely to burn up entirely while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere due to the large amount of ceramics and glass used in construction. Parts as heavy as 400 kg (882 lb) could impact the surface. ROSAT
539:
The second phase consists of the remainder of the mission and was devoted to pointed observations of selected astrophysical sources. In ROSAT's pointed phase, observing time was allocated to Guest
Investigators from all three participating countries through peer review of submitted proposals. ROSAT
973:
then causing the more massive satellite to rotate in opposition. Their maximum speed is limited by design, which in turn means they are limited in the rotational velocity they can impart to a satellite. "Reaching maximum speed" means merely that it cannot impart any more velocity change, not that
928:
In 1990, the satellite was put in an orbit at an altitude of 580 km (360 mi) and inclination of 53°. Due to atmospheric drag, the satellite slowly lost height until, in
September 2011, the satellite was orbiting approximately 270 km (168 mi) above the Earth. On 23 October 2011
904:
The advisory is further reported as claiming that the ROSAT incident was "coincident with the intrusion" and that, "Operational characteristics and commanding of the ROSAT were sufficiently similar to other space assets to provide intruders with valuable information about how such platforms are
879:
in the spacecraft's
Attitude Measuring and Control System reached its maximum rotational speed, losing control of a slew, damaging the High Resolution Imager by exposure to the sun. This failure was initially attributed to the difficulties of controlling the satellite under these difficult
856:
Originally designed for a five-year mission, ROSAT continued in its extended mission for a further four years before equipment failure forced an end to the mission. For some months after this, ROSAT completed its very last observations before being finally switched off on 12 February 1999.
717:
560:
The main assembly was a German-built imaging X-ray
Telescope (XRT) with three focal plane instruments: two German Position Sensitive Proportional Counters (PSPC) and the US-supplied High Resolution Imager (HRI). The X-ray mirror assembly was a grazing incidence four-fold nested
892:. The root of this allegation is a 1999 advisory report by Thomas Talleur, senior investigator for cyber-security at NASA. This advisory is reported to describe a series of attacks from Russia that reached computers in the X-ray Astrophysics Section (i.e. ROSAT's) at
565:
with an 84 cm (33 in) diameter aperture and 240 cm (94 in) focal length. The angular resolution was less than 5 arcsec at half energy width. The XRT assembly was sensitive to X-rays between 0.1 and 2 keV.
1257:
Without warning one day, the ROSAT satellite turned, seemingly inexplicably, toward the sun. The move damaged a critical optical sensor, rendering the satellite useless in its mission of making X-ray and ultraviolet images of deep
535:
After a two-month on-orbit calibration and verification period, an all-sky survey was performed for six months using the PSPC in the focus of XRT, and in two XUV bands using the WFC. The survey was carried out in the scan
482:
The
Roentgensatellit (ROSAT) was a joint German, U.S. and British X-ray astrophysics project. ROSAT carried a German-built imaging X-ray Telescope (XRT) with three focal plane instruments: two German Position Sensitive
948:
space observatory in 2019. It will provide an updated all-sky survey of the X-ray sky, extending the energy range to 10keV, increase the sensitivity by a factor of 25 and improve the spatial and spectral resolution.
2553:
2048:
506:
In addition, a
British-supplied extreme ultraviolet (XUV) telescope, the Wide Field Camera (WFC), was coaligned with the XRT and covered the energy band from 0.042 to 0.21 keV (30 to 6
868:
led to pointing errors that in turn had caused solar overheating. A contingency plan and the necessary software had already been developed to utilise an alternative star tracker attached to the
513:
ROSAT's unique strengths were high spatial resolution, low-background, soft X-ray imaging for the study of the structure of low surface brightness features, and for low-resolution spectroscopy.
4460:
2523:
462:, on what was initially designed as an 18-month mission, with provision for up to five years of operation. ROSAT operated for over eight years, finally shutting down on 12 February 1999.
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4216:
499:
at half energy width (the "angle within which half of the electromagnetic radiation" is focused). The XRT assembly was sensitive to X-rays between 0.1 and 2 keV (one thousand
661:
The US-supplied High
Resolution Imager used a crossed grid detector with a position accuracy to 25 micrometers. The instrument was damaged by solar exposure on 20 September 1998.
900:"Hostile activities compromised computer systems that directly and indirectly deal with the design, testing, and transferring of satellite package command-and-control codes."
875:
ROSAT was soon operational again, but with some restrictions to the effectiveness of its tracking and thus its control. It was severely damaged on 20 September 1998 when a
614:
on 1991, January 25th. After the glitch, PSPC-B was used for all further observations. Two more PSPCs(PSPC-A and PSPC-D) were mounted on ROSAT for ground calibration.
2448:
216:
3781:
815:
which is the prefix used for the First ROSAT X-ray Survey (1st ROSAT X-ray Survey), a catalogue of astronomical objects visible for ROSAT in the X-ray spectrum.
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3206:
3182:
3262:
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4335:
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4174:
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2528:
704:
The Wide Field Camera (WFC) was a UK-supplied extreme ultraviolet (XUV) telescope co-aligned with the XRT and covered the wave band between 300 and 60
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1402:
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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1207:
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3580:
3325:
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2136:
1539:
1277:. Not publicly published. Classified as "For Official Use Only—No Foreign Dissemination": Inspector General's office, NASA. 26.
896:, and took control of computers used for the control of satellites, not just a passive "snooping" attack. The advisory stated:
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1919:
1858:
4739:
3360:
3352:
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2425:
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1692:
1057:
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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970:
213:
888:
In 2008, NASA investigators were reported to have found that the ROSAT failure was linked to a cyber-intrusion at
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2999:
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2024:
1992:
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2691:
2197:
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2008:
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between targets, and for performing scanning observations on great circles perpendicular to the plane of the
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platform. This move made it impossible to recapture ROSAT with a Shuttle and bring it back to Earth.
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with an 84-cm diameter aperture and 240-cm focal length. The angular resolution was less than 5
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3540:
1028:
517:
109:
88:
3246:
3142:
3134:
2533:
1631:
1509:
1329:
443:
77:
933:, east of India. There was no confirmation if pieces of debris had reached the Earth's surface.
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Source catalogs from the pointed phase (PSPC and HRI) containing ~ 100,000 serendipitous sources
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20:
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791:
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282:
8:
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2711:
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1984:
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487:(PSPC) and the US-supplied High Resolution Imager (HRI). The X-ray mirror assembly was a
389:
312:
1377:
929:
ROSAT re-entered the Earth's atmosphere sometime between 1:45 UTC and 2:15 UTC over the
540:
had a design life of 18 months, but was expected to operate beyond its nominal lifetime.
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2300:
1911:
1903:
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332:
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492:
358:
275:
19:
This article is about the X-ray telecope ROSAT. For the Roman Catholic bishop, see
2783:
35:
3611:
3150:
3031:
1980:
1599:
1584:
1543:
1403:"Second big satellite set to resist re-entry burn-up – space – 23 September 2011"
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763:
545:
454:, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was launched on 1 June 1990, on a
447:
3755:
2473:
2453:
2016:
1104:
966:
908:
IT security remains a significant issue for NASA. Other systems including the
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2791:
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2380:
2284:
2221:
2032:
1895:
1721:
1713:
1553:
1328:. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik. Archived from
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883:
705:
525:
467:
455:
202:
724:
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45:
1427:
1029:"Drohender Absturz: Problem-Satellit beunruhigt Bundesregierung"
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1729:
1485:
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438:; in German X-rays are called Röntgenstrahlen, in honour of
3575:
3525:
3483:
3456:
3376:
2967:
2372:
2056:
1304:"NASA's Most Serious Management and Performance Challenges"
1091:
1006:
808:
81:
1263:
520:
satellite which can be used for pointed observations, for
3680:
1512:, Department of Physics & Astronomy. Archived from
924:
ROSAT: one of the last images of ROSAT before reentry
880:
circumstances outside its initial design parameters.
247:
23:00:00, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
1454:
790:
Observation of X-ray emission from the collision of
762:
Detection of shadowing of diffuse X-ray emission by
1275:
Russian Domain Attacks Against NASA Network Systems
836:ROSAT was originally planned to be launched on the
470:the Earth's atmosphere on 23 October 2011 over the
1498:Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
739:all-sky survey catalog, more than 150,000 objects
187:21:48:00, 1 June 1990 (UTC)
4706:
1058:"ROSAT re-entered atmosphere over Bay of Bengal"
884:Allegations of cyber-attacks causing the failure
1428:"Spektr-RG observatory has been put into orbit"
1208:"Severe Damage to ROSAT High Resolution Imager"
993:
991:
621:
531:The ROSAT mission was divided into two phases:
1292:(Interview). Interviewed by Jonathan McDowell.
1159:"ROSAT completes almost a decade of discovery"
969:operates by changing its rotational velocity,
3666:
1569:
1370:
1082:
1080:
1078:
974:it's approaching mechanical damage to itself.
1020:
988:
3673:
3659:
1576:
1562:
1075:
664:
99:
34:
1420:
1131:"Position Sensitive Proportional Counter"
860:On 25 April 1998, failure of the primary
570:Position Sensitive Proportional Counters
919:
723:
715:
555:
1344:
1272:
1245:"Network Security Breaches Plague NASA"
1151:
1027:Seidler, Christoph (26 February 2011).
1026:
618:nominal spectral bandpass 0.1-2.4 keV.
417:Position Sensitive Proportional Counter
4707:
1273:Talleur, Thomas J. (18 January 1999).
3654:
1557:
1287:
944:launched on board the Russian-German
720:Earth's Moon on 29 June 1990 by ROSAT
1583:
851:
745:all-sky survey catalog (479 objects)
668:
625:
577:
1177:"ROSAT/LEDAS electronic newsletter"
13:
4715:Spacecraft which reentered in 2011
1251:. 20 November 2008. Archived from
14:
4751:
3607:List of proposed space telescopes
2293:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
1504:
1478:
1214:. 15 October 1998. Archived from
1184:
1162:
783:Discovery of X-ray emission from
3635:
3634:
1506:"UK ROSAT Guest Observer Centre"
1457:
971:conservation of angular momentum
672:
629:
581:
2514:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
1395:
1326:"ROSAT - Launch and Operations"
1318:
1281:
1055:
959:
166:2,421 kilograms (5,337 lb)
1488:. German Aerospace Center DLR.
1473:List of X-ray space telescopes
1185:UK ROSAT Guest Observer Centre
1163:UK ROSAT Guest Observer Centre
1145:"High Resolution Imager (HRI)"
1137:
1123:
1109:
1098:
1049:
550:
111:
1:
3617:List of heliophysics missions
1450:
1187:. 5 June 1998. Archived from
981:
844:caused it to be moved to the
802:
769:Detection of pulsations from
711:
1530:"ROSAT reentry Twitter feed"
936:
622:High Resolution Imager (HRI)
450:, with instruments built by
376:240 centimetres (94 in)
251:2011-10-23T23:00:00Z
191:1990-06-01T21:48:00Z
7:
4740:Spacecraft launched in 1990
3597:Great Observatories program
999:"ROSAT space craft details"
915:
890:Goddard Space Flight Center
819:
516:The ROSAT spacecraft was a
477:
368:84 centimetres (33 in)
10:
4756:
3088:Orbiting Solar Observatory
708:(0.042 to 0.21 keV).
543:
18:
4690:
4587:
4506:
4442:
4393:
4279:
4208:
4140:
4077:
3942:
3901:
3806:
3705:
3640:Category:Space telescopes
3630:
3589:
3444:
3345:
3314:
2567:
2424:
2261:
2164:
1979:
1870:
1704:
1659:
1598:
1591:
912:have also been attacked.
831:
425:
416:
411:
407:
395:
380:
372:
364:
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331:
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307:580 km (360 mi)
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297:580 km (360 mi)
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53:
33:
16:Satellite X-ray telescope
3602:List of space telescopes
952:
869:
865:
1549:MPE – ROSAT Development
1542:13 January 2010 at the
1510:University of Leicester
751:Detailed morphology of
665:Wide Field Camera (WFC)
444:German Aerospace Center
40:Launch of the ROSAT in
2928:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
925:
910:Earth Observing System
902:
826:Category:ROSAT objects
776:Detection of isolated
732:
729:Vela Supernova Remnant
721:
421:High Resolution Imager
21:Adalberto Arturo Rosat
4730:Satellites of Germany
2549:Space Solar Telescope
1352:"ROSAT – latest news"
1315:13 November 2007, p.3
1290:"ROSAT hacking claim"
923:
898:
727:
719:
556:X-ray Telescope (XRT)
518:three-axis stabilized
485:Proportional Counters
272:Reference system
158:Spacecraft properties
3689:Orbital launches in
3622:List of planetariums
2524:NRO donation to NASA
1191:on 28 December 2015.
1105:ESA Science Glossary
792:Comet Shoemaker-Levy
757:clusters of galaxies
403:at half energy width
145:8 years and 8 months
3318:(Mission completed)
1600:Radio and Microwave
1494:"The ROSAT Mission"
1378:"ROSAT Information"
1288:Petre, Rob (2011).
1218:on 10 December 2000
1165:. 18 February 1999.
1088:"Overview of ROSAT"
1003:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
842:Challenger disaster
390:Extreme Ultraviolet
30:
3255:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
3080:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
3064:Mikhailo Lomonosov
2912:Hinotori (Astro-A)
2519:New Worlds Mission
1465:Spaceflight portal
1255:on 14 April 2012.
926:
733:
722:
684:. You can help by
641:. You can help by
593:. You can help by
563:Wolter I telescope
493:Wolter I telescope
267:Orbital parameters
28:
4702:
4701:
3648:
3647:
3546:SIM & SIMlite
2920:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
2880:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
2439:Astro-1 Telescope
2257:
2256:
1537:1RXS Catalog site
1516:on 17 August 2000
1358:. 25 October 2011
1332:on 6 October 2011
870:Wide Field Camera
852:End of operations
731:, imaged by ROSAT
702:
701:
659:
658:
611:
610:
491:four-fold nested
489:grazing incidence
429:
428:
419:Wide Field Camera
384:30-0.06 nm,
4747:
4725:X-ray telescopes
4720:Space telescopes
4564:Molniya 1T No.70
4424:Molniya-3 No.54L
4336:Molniya-1T No.68
4256:DFS Kopernikus 2
4175:Molniya 3 No.47L
3773:Molniya-3 No.53L
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3433:Hitomi (Astro-H)
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2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2273:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2167:or unclassified)
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1912:Hinode (Solar-B)
1908:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1803:Hinode (Solar-B)
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1726:
1718:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1596:
1595:
1585:Space telescopes
1578:
1571:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1501:
1489:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1204:
1193:
1192:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:"The ROSAT PSPC"
1113:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
995:
975:
963:
764:molecular clouds
697:
694:
676:
669:
654:
651:
633:
626:
606:
603:
585:
578:
293:Perigee altitude
254:
252:
239:12 February 1999
194:
192:
179:Start of mission
142:Mission duration
137:
134:
132:
130:
128:
113:
104:
103:
97:
38:
31:
27:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4686:
4583:
4569:Gorizont No.33L
4514:Gorizont No.32L
4502:
4438:
4414:Resurs-F1 No.51
4389:
4380:Eutelsat II F-1
4346:Resurs-F1 No.49
4275:
4204:
4185:Gorizont No.30L
4136:
4127:Resurs-F1 No.50
4073:
4064:Molniya-1 No.71
3938:
3897:
3871:Nadezhda No.405
3802:
3701:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3649:
3644:
3626:
3612:X-ray telescope
3585:
3467:Constellation-X
3440:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3341:
3336:
3328:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3305:
3303:Yokoh (Solar-A)
3297:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3271:Tenma (Astro-B)
3265:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3082:
3074:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3032:LISA Pathfinder
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2888:HALCA (MUSES-B)
2882:
2874:
2866:
2864:Ginga (Astro-C)
2858:
2850:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2583:Akari (Astro-F)
2577:
2563:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2166:
2165:Other (particle
2160:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1587:
1582:
1544:Wayback Machine
1528:
1519:
1517:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1286:
1282:
1271:
1264:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1119:. 22 June 2001.
1115:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
997:
996:
989:
984:
979:
978:
964:
960:
955:
939:
918:
886:
866:X-ray Telescope
854:
834:
822:
805:
714:
698:
692:
689:
682:needs expansion
667:
655:
649:
646:
639:needs expansion
624:
607:
601:
598:
591:needs expansion
576:
558:
553:
548:
546:X-ray astronomy
480:
448:X-ray telescope
446:-led satellite
440:Wilhelm Röntgen
436:Röntgensatellit
420:
418:
303:Apogee altitude
250:
248:
190:
188:
125:
98:
93:
69:Space Telescope
49:
29:Röntgensatellit
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4753:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4700:
4699:
4695:Crewed flights
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4481:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4434:Meteor-2 No.25
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4409:Qiqiuweixing 2
4405:Qiqiuweixing 1
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4330:Ekran-M No.14L
4326:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4237:Resurs-F2 No.5
4234:
4225:
4220:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4200:Meteor-2 No.23
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4106:
4101:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4006:
4001:
3968:
3959:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3855:
3850:
3841:
3834:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3775:
3770:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3696:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3331:
3322:
3320:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2744:Compton (CGRO)
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2676:
2671:ASCA (Astro-D)
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:Hypertelescope
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:Fresnel Imager
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2089:Max Valier Sat
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2025:HXMT (Insight)
2022:
2017:Einstein Probe
2014:
2006:
2001:Chandra (AXAF)
1998:
1989:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1732:constellation
1727:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1534:
1526:
1502:
1490:
1480:
1479:External links
1477:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1434:. 13 July 2019
1419:
1394:
1369:
1343:
1317:
1295:
1280:
1262:
1229:
1194:
1168:
1150:
1136:
1122:
1108:
1097:
1074:
1048:
1019:
986:
985:
983:
980:
977:
976:
967:reaction wheel
957:
956:
954:
951:
938:
935:
917:
914:
885:
882:
877:reaction wheel
853:
850:
833:
830:
829:
828:
821:
818:
817:
816:
804:
801:
800:
799:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
749:
746:
740:
713:
710:
700:
699:
693:September 2011
679:
677:
666:
663:
657:
656:
650:September 2011
636:
634:
623:
620:
609:
608:
602:September 2011
588:
586:
575:
568:
557:
554:
552:
549:
542:
541:
537:
479:
476:
460:Cape Canaveral
427:
426:
423:
422:
414:
413:
409:
408:
405:
404:
397:
393:
392:
382:
378:
377:
374:
370:
369:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
329:
328:
325:
319:
318:
315:
309:
308:
305:
299:
298:
295:
289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
245:
241:
240:
237:
233:
232:
231:End of mission
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
214:Cape Canaveral
211:
207:
206:
200:
196:
195:
185:
181:
180:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
123:
119:
118:
115:
106:
105:
91:
85:
84:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
42:Cape Canaveral
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4752:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:ROSAT objects
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4696:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
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4278:
4272:
4269:
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4139:
4133:
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4128:
4125:
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4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
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4096:
4093:
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4088:
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4028:
4025:
4023:
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4018:
4014:
4010:
4007:
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4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
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3976:
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3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3876:Okean-O1 No.5
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3842:
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3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
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3791:
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3785:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
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3695:
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3676:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3657:
3656:
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3641:
3633:
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3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
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3603:
3600:
3598:
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3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
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3332:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3313:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3263:Taiyo (SRATS)
3261:
3256:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2349:Solar-C EUVST
2347:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2238:Solar Orbiter
2236:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1952:Solar Orbiter
1950:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1616:Solar Orbiter
1614:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1455:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1408:
1407:New Scientist
1404:
1398:
1383:
1382:Heavens-Above
1379:
1373:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1305:
1299:
1291:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1249:Business Week
1246:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1217:
1213:
1212:star.le.ac.uk
1209:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
992:
987:
972:
968:
962:
958:
950:
947:
943:
934:
932:
931:Bay of Bengal
922:
913:
911:
906:
901:
897:
895:
891:
881:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
858:
849:
847:
843:
839:
838:Space Shuttle
827:
824:
823:
814:
810:
807:
806:
797:
793:
789:
786:
782:
779:
778:neutron stars
775:
772:
768:
765:
761:
758:
755:remnants and
754:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
734:
730:
726:
718:
709:
707:
696:
687:
683:
680:This section
678:
675:
671:
670:
662:
653:
644:
640:
637:This section
635:
632:
628:
627:
619:
615:
605:
596:
592:
589:This section
587:
584:
580:
579:
573:
567:
564:
547:
538:
534:
533:
532:
529:
527:
523:
519:
514:
511:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
475:
473:
472:Bay of Bengal
469:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
424:
415:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
357:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
304:
300:
296:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
277:
274:
270:
265:
261:
257:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
186:
182:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
124:
120:
116:
114:
107:
102:
96:
92:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
37:
32:
26:
22:
4694:
4682:Globus No.12
4642:Gran' No.37L
4606:
4599:
4528:
4498:Inmarsat-2F1
4471:
4459:
4429:Progress M-5
4401:Fengyun I-02
4351:Marco Polo 2
4341:Progress M-4
4328:
4286:
4215:
4195:Intelsat 604
4147:
4046:
3954:
3909:Intelsat 603
3893:Progress M-3
3880:
3863:
3857:
3853:Gran' No.35L
3836:
3721:
3488:
3471:
3315:Hibernating
3190:
3067:(2016–2019?)
2610:(1962, 1964)
2509:Nano-JASMINE
2333:NEO Surveyor
2249:(since 2006)
2241:(since 2020)
2233:(since 1995)
2225:(since 2019)
2217:(since 2017)
2209:(since 2008)
2201:(since 2015)
2193:(since 2015)
2185:(since 2011)
2177:(since 1997)
2156:(since 1999)
2148:(since 2024)
2140:(since 2023)
2132:(since 2022)
2124:(since 2012)
2116:(since 2017)
2108:(since 2018)
2100:(since 2009)
2092:(since 2017)
2084:(since 2004)
2076:(since 2024)
2068:(since 2019)
2060:(since 2021)
2052:(since 2020)
2044:(since 2008)
2036:(since 2002)
2028:(since 2017)
2020:(since 2024)
2012:(since 2015)
2004:(since 1999)
1996:(since 2015)
1971:(since 2004)
1963:(since 2006)
1955:(since 2020)
1947:(since 2008)
1939:(since 1995)
1931:(since 2010)
1923:(since 2013)
1915:(since 2006)
1907:(since 2021)
1899:(since 2015)
1891:(since 2022)
1883:(since 2023)
1862:(since 2018)
1854:(since 2004)
1846:(since 2008)
1838:(since 1995)
1830:(since 2010)
1822:(since 2001)
1814:(since 2013)
1806:(since 2006)
1798:(since 1990)
1790:(since 2005)
1782:(since 2013)
1774:(since 2021)
1766:(since 2023)
1758:(since 2015)
1750:(since 2019)
1742:(since 2021)
1734:(since 2013)
1725:(since 2015)
1717:(since 2018)
1696:(since 2009)
1688:(since 2008)
1680:(since 2001)
1672:(since 2022)
1651:(since 2024)
1643:(since 1994)
1635:(since 2018)
1627:(since 2006)
1619:(since 2020)
1611:(since 2018)
1518:. Retrieved
1514:the original
1436:. Retrieved
1431:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1355:
1346:
1336:26 September
1334:. Retrieved
1330:the original
1320:
1298:
1283:
1274:
1256:
1253:the original
1220:. Retrieved
1216:the original
1211:
1189:the original
1180:
1171:
1153:
1139:
1125:
1111:
1100:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1032:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1002:
961:
940:
927:
907:
903:
899:
887:
874:
862:star tracker
859:
855:
835:
703:
690:
686:adding to it
681:
660:
647:
643:adding to it
638:
616:
612:
599:
595:adding to it
590:
571:
559:
530:
515:
512:
505:
501:Electronvolt
481:
464:
458:rocket from
452:West Germany
435:
431:
430:
373:Focal length
283:Eccentricity
66:Mission type
25:
4677:Kosmos 2120
4672:Kosmos 2119
4668:Kosmos 2118
4664:Kosmos 2117
4660:Kosmos 2116
4656:Kosmos 2115
4652:Kosmos 2114
4647:Kosmos 2113
4637:Kosmos 2112
4632:Kosmos 2111
4628:Kosmos 2110
4624:Kosmos 2109
4619:Kosmos 2108
4614:Kosmos 2107
4608:Soyuz TM-11
4579:Kosmos 2106
4550:Kosmos 2105
4545:Kosmos 2104
4524:Kosmos 2103
4493:Kosmos 2102
4450:Kosmos 2101
4419:Kosmos 2100
4385:Kosmos 2099
4371:Kosmos 2098
4361:Kosmos 2097
4356:Kosmos 2096
4324:Kosmos 2095
4320:Kosmos 2094
4316:Kosmos 2093
4312:Kosmos 2092
4308:Kosmos 2091
4304:Kosmos 2090
4299:Kosmos 2089
4288:Soyuz TM-10
4271:Kosmos 2088
4261:Kosmos 2087
4247:Kosmos 2086
4242:Kosmos 2085
4190:Kosmos 2084
4180:Kosmos 2083
4122:Kosmos 2082
4117:Kosmos 2081
4113:Kosmos 2080
4109:Kosmos 2079
4104:Kosmos 2078
4090:Kosmos 2077
4085:Progress 42
4069:Kosmos 2076
4059:Kosmos 2075
4042:Kosmos 2074
4037:Kosmos 2073
4027:Kosmos 2072
4022:Foton No.6L
3999:Kosmos 2071
3995:Kosmos 2070
3991:Kosmos 2069
3987:Kosmos 2068
3983:Kosmos 2067
3979:Kosmos 2066
3975:Kosmos 2065
3971:Kosmos 2064
3934:Kosmos 2063
3924:Kosmos 2062
3919:Kosmos 2061
3914:Kosmos 2060
3859:Superbird B
3819:Kosmos 2059
3814:Zhongxing 3
3798:Kosmos 2058
3793:Kosmos 2057
3739:Kosmos 2056
3734:Kosmos 2055
3428:(2014–2015)
3380:(2012–2013)
3346:Lost/Failed
3337:(1998–2010)
3329:(1998–2005)
3306:(1991–2001)
3298:(2001–2010)
3282:(1970–1973)
3274:(1983–1985)
3266:(1975–1980)
3258:(2005–2015)
3250:(2003–2020)
3242:(2011–2019)
3234:(1979–1985)
3226:(1975–1979)
3218:(1972–1973)
3210:(1992–2004)
3202:(1995–2012)
3194:(1990–1999)
3186:(2002–2018)
3178:(1983–1984)
3170:(2009–2013)
3154:(2006–2016)
3083:(1972–1981)
3075:(1968–1973)
3059:(1996–1997)
3051:(2003–2019)
3043:(2015–2017)
3035:(2015–2017)
3027:(1997–2002)
3019:(1990–2001)
3011:(2009–2018)
3003:(1996–2004)
2995:(1978–1996)
2987:(1996–1998)
2979:(1995–1996)
2955:(1989–1993)
2947:(2000–2008)
2939:(1979–1981)
2931:(1978–1982)
2923:(2013–2023)
2915:(1981–1991)
2907:(2009–2013)
2899:(1977–1979)
2891:(1997–2005)
2883:(1979–1985)
2875:(1989–1998)
2867:(1987–1991)
2859:(1990–1992)
2851:(2003–2013)
2843:(1987–2001)
2835:(1999–2007)
2827:(1992–2001)
2819:(1983–1986)
2808:Explorer 11
2779:(2017–2019)
2771:(1989–1993)
2763:(1975–1982)
2755:(2006–2013)
2747:(1991–2000)
2739:(2003–2008)
2731:(1996–2003)
2723:(1974–1976)
2715:(1983–1991)
2674:(1993–2000)
2666:(1973–1974)
2658:(2017–2019)
2650:(1979–1982)
2642:(1974–1980)
2634:(1971–1972)
2626:(1967–1969)
2602:(1962–1972)
2594:(1993–2005)
2586:(2006–2011)
2578:(2007–2024)
1872:Ultraviolet
1520:24 November
1041:26 February
1037:(in German)
1034:Der Spiegel
551:Instruments
466:eventually
434:(short for
412:Instruments
381:Wavelengths
327:96 min
313:Inclination
236:Deactivated
210:Launch site
184:Launch date
163:Launch mass
4709:Categories
4467:FSW-1 No.3
4032:Palapa B2R
3838:Soyuz TM-9
3287:Vanguard 3
2599:Alouette 1
2444:AstroSat-2
2153:XMM-Newton
1669:James Webb
1412:30 January
1362:25 October
1356:DLR Portal
1222:23 October
1181:ROSAT News
1062:DLR Portal
982:References
803:Catalogues
712:Highlights
544:See also:
468:re-entered
396:Resolution
337:1990-06-01
276:Geocentric
244:Decay date
4555:Satcom C1
4488:Westar 6S
4394:September
4376:Skynet 4C
4232:Optus-MFS
4004:AsiaSat 1
3713:Skynet 4A
3490:Eddington
3445:Cancelled
2952:Hipparcos
2365:Spektr-UV
2222:Mini-EUSO
2214:ISS-CREAM
2065:Spektr-RG
1985:Gamma-ray
1880:Aditya-L1
1771:Hayabusa2
1648:Queqiao 2
1592:Operating
1432:ROSCOSMOS
946:Spektr-RG
937:Successor
753:supernova
706:angstroms
497:arcsecond
95:1990-049A
89:COSPAR ID
4588:December
4507:November
4170:INSAT-1D
4132:Kristall
4099:MacSat 2
4095:MacSat 1
3807:February
3782:Hagoromo
3764:Webersat
3728:Leasat 5
3541:Sentinel
3239:Spektr-R
3175:RELIKT-1
3016:Kristall
2904:Herschel
2728:BeppoSAX
2489:JEM-EUSO
2484:iWF-MAXI
2426:Proposed
2389:LiteBIRD
2381:Spektr-M
2105:MinXSS-2
2033:INTEGRAL
1896:Astrosat
1722:Astrosat
1661:Infrared
1540:Archived
1451:See also
1012:23 April
916:Re-entry
840:but the
820:See also
526:ecliptic
478:Overview
456:Delta II
442:) was a
365:Diameter
359:Wolter I
203:Delta II
74:Operator
4559:GStar 4
4539:Prowler
4478:Ulysses
4461:Unnamed
4443:October
4366:Yuri 3a
4217:Unnamed
3956:Unnamed
3832:Fuju 1b
3828:Orizuru
3824:Momo 1b
3752:UoSAT-4
3748:UoSAT-3
3717:JCSAT-2
3706:January
3590:Related
3501:FINESSE
3479:Destiny
3462:Astro-G
3425:Tsubame
3417:Astro-E
3393:ABRIXAS
3247:Spitzer
3231:Solwind
3183:R/HESSI
3143:Orion 2
3135:Orion 1
2840:Kvant-1
2736:CHIPSat
2699:Astro-2
2679:Astro-1
2655:ASTERIA
2647:Ariel 6
2639:Ariel 5
2631:Ariel 4
2623:Ariel 3
2615:Ariel 2
2607:Ariel 1
2568:Retired
2559:THESEUS
2544:Solar-D
2539:PhoENiX
2384:(2030+)
2341:JASMINE
2309:Xuntian
2277:SPHEREx
2262:Planned
1811:NEOSSat
1706:Optical
1632:Queqiao
1486:"ROSAT"
1438:16 July
1387:1 April
1313:(73 KB)
1067:14 July
942:eROSITA
894:Goddard
864:on the
813:acronym
796:Jupiter
771:Geminga
522:slewing
249: (
205:6920-10
189: (
122:Website
110:SATCAT
46:Florida
4601:STS-35
4595:USA-68
4574:USA-66
4535:USA-67
4530:STS-38
4519:USA-65
4473:STS-41
4455:USA-64
4294:USA-63
4280:August
4228:Badr-1
4165:USA-62
4161:USA-61
4157:USA-60
4153:USA-59
4053:Hubble
4048:STS-31
4017:USA-58
4013:USA-57
4009:USA-56
3966:USA-55
3962:Pegsat
3950:Ofek-2
3929:USA-54
3887:USA-53
3882:STS-36
3848:USA-52
3844:USA-51
3787:USA-50
3756:Pacsat
3744:SPOT-2
3723:STS-32
3698:1991 →
3683:← 1989
3566:TAUVEX
3473:Darwin
3452:Aelita
3436:(2016)
3420:(2000)
3412:(1999)
3404:(1996)
3401:HETE-1
3396:(1999)
3388:(1965)
3372:(1976)
3364:(1970)
3356:(1966)
3290:(1959)
3207:SAMPEX
3167:Planck
3162:(2018)
3159:PicSat
3151:PAMELA
3146:(1973)
3138:(1971)
3040:MinXSS
3008:Kepler
2971:(1983)
2963:(2024)
2944:HETE-2
2936:HEAO-3
2896:HEAO-1
2872:Granat
2816:EXOSAT
2811:(1961)
2803:(2010)
2795:(2008)
2787:(1993)
2776:CXBN-2
2712:Astron
2707:(1995)
2682:(1990)
2618:(1964)
2591:ALEXIS
2499:LUVOIR
2449:EXCEDE
2416:(2035)
2408:(2035)
2405:Athena
2400:(2033)
2392:(2032)
2376:(2030)
2368:(2030)
2360:(2029)
2352:(2028)
2344:(2028)
2336:(2027)
2328:(2027)
2320:(2027)
2312:(2026)
2304:(2026)
2296:(2026)
2288:(2026)
2285:K-EUSO
2280:(2025)
2272:(2025)
2269:PETREL
2246:STEREO
2182:AMS-02
2145:XPoSat
2121:NuSTAR
1960:STEREO
1904:Hibari
1795:Hubble
1787:HiRISE
1763:Euclid
1755:DSCOVR
1747:CHEOPS
1624:STEREO
1311:
1258:space.
1183:(12).
832:Launch
785:comets
574:(PSPC)
386:X-rays
323:Period
217:LC-17A
199:Rocket
135:/rosat
4484:SBS 6
4266:CRRES
4252:TDF 2
4223:Gamma
4148:ROSAT
3943:April
3902:March
3865:BS 2x
3778:Hiten
3768:LUSat
3561:SPOrt
3556:SPICA
3536:OSO K
3531:OSO J
3385:OSO C
3369:CORSA
3361:OAO-B
3353:OAO-1
3334:TRACE
3279:Uhuru
3223:SAS-C
3215:SAS-B
3191:ROSAT
3128:OSO 8
3123:OSO 7
3118:OSO 6
3113:OSO 5
3108:OSO 4
3103:OSO 3
3098:OSO B
3093:OSO 1
3072:OAO-2
3024:LEGRI
2960:ILO-X
2856:Gamma
2848:GALEX
2800:EPOXI
2792:EPOCh
2760:Cos-B
2752:CoRoT
2687:BBXRT
2575:AGILE
2554:THEIA
2529:ORBIS
2479:ILO-1
2464:HabEx
2459:FOCAL
2434:Arcus
2397:Taiji
2357:ARIEL
2301:PLATO
2198:DAMPE
2190:CALET
2137:XRISM
2113:NICER
2081:Swift
2049:GECAM
2041:Fermi
2009:DAMPE
1993:CALET
1981:X-ray
1968:Swift
1944:SOLAR
1888:ASO-S
1851:Swift
1843:SOLAR
1739:CHASE
1730:BRITE
1685:SOLAR
1307:(PDF)
1056:DLR.
953:Notes
846:Delta
811:– an
794:with
737:X-ray
572:(two)
536:mode.
432:ROSAT
401:arc-s
333:Epoch
117:20638
57:ROSAT
54:Names
4209:July
4141:June
3760:DOVE
3691:1990
3581:XIPE
3576:XEUS
3551:SNAP
3526:LOFT
3521:JDEM
3506:GEMS
3496:FAME
3484:EChO
3457:AOSO
3409:WIRE
3377:CXBN
3326:SWAS
3295:WMAP
3199:RXTE
3048:MOST
3000:IXAE
2976:IRTS
2968:IRAS
2832:FUSE
2824:EUVE
2768:COBE
2504:Lynx
2494:LUCI
2413:LISA
2373:UVEX
2325:LORD
2317:COSI
2230:SOHO
2206:IBEX
2129:LEIA
2097:MAXI
2073:SVOM
2057:IXPE
1983:and
1936:SOHO
1920:IRIS
1859:TESS
1835:SOHO
1819:Odin
1779:Gaia
1693:WISE
1677:Odin
1640:Wind
1608:NCLE
1522:2008
1440:2019
1414:2012
1389:2009
1364:2011
1338:2011
1224:2011
1092:NASA
1069:2018
1043:2011
1014:2016
1007:NASA
809:1RXS
388:and
355:Type
350:Main
129:.dlr
82:NASA
4078:May
3571:TPF
3516:IXO
3511:HOP
3056:MSX
2992:IUE
2984:ISO
2784:DXS
2720:ANS
2703:HUT
2692:HUT
2663:ATM
2534:OST
2469:HWO
2174:ACE
1928:SDO
1827:SDO
1714:Aoi
743:XUV
688:.
645:.
597:.
510:).
503:).
317:53°
133:/en
131:.de
127:www
112:no.
78:DLR
4711::
4670:,
4666:,
4662:,
4658:,
4654:,
4630:,
4626:,
4557:,
4537:,
4486:,
4407:,
4403:,
4378:,
4322:,
4318:,
4314:,
4310:,
4306:,
4254:,
4230:,
4163:,
4159:,
4155:,
4115:,
4111:,
4097:,
4015:,
4011:,
3997:,
3993:,
3989:,
3985:,
3981:,
3977:,
3973:,
3964:,
3862:,
3846:,
3830:,
3826:,
3780:,
3766:,
3762:,
3758:,
3754:,
3750:,
3746:,
3715:,
2705:)
1508:.
1496:.
1430:.
1405:.
1380:.
1354:.
1265:^
1247:.
1232:^
1210:.
1197:^
1179:.
1161:.
1090:.
1077:^
1060:.
1031:.
1005:.
1001:.
990:^
965:A
872:.
508:nm
474:.
399:5
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44:,
4541:)
4533:(
4480:)
4476:(
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3889:)
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1442:.
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1391:.
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1147:.
1133:.
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1071:.
1045:.
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787:.
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