Racial policy of Nazi Germany

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1930s, Nazi Germany and the American South had the appearance, in the words of two southern historians, of a "mirror image": these were two unapologetically racist regimes, unmatched in their pitilessness." Jim Crow Era laws were a key inspiration for Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party, as the Nazis mirrored their form of racial oppression and segregation in the model of Jim Crow and segregation policy of the United States. Nevertheless, the model of oppression and subjugation directly modeled what the Nazis would implement to oppress racial minorities that did not make up the Aryan composite. Banning from civil service, segregation, barring marriage between Aryans and non-Aryans, as well as the expulsion of Jewish people and other "undesirables" from government, military, and other essential positions, were the most essential aspects of the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 and were directly modeled by what had been done to Black Americans during Jim Crow. Arguably, the most influential of American policies can be seen in "Lebensraum," or an expansion of land exclusively for German Aryans, which saw the expulsion, murder, and enslavement of Jewish people, Slavic peoples, and other races deemed inferior.

2773: 2119: 31: 1725: 2459: 3009: 2622: 2859:("sub-humans"), who were targeted for enslavement, expulsion and extermination. The racial status of Slavs during the Third Reich was inconsistent over time. Hitler viewed the Slavs as "a mass of born slaves who feel the need of a master". Nazi propaganda portrayed the Germanic peoples as "heroes" in contrast to the Jewish and Slavic "sub-humans". Nazi propaganda depicted Eastern Europe as racially mixed "Asiatic" that was dominated by the Jews with the aid of Bolshevism. The Nazis considered some people in Eastern Europe to be suitable for Germanization (they were presumed to be of German descent); if they were considered racially valuable they were to be re-Germanized and forcefully taken from their families to Germany and raised as Germans. 2943:"Reflections on the Treatment of Peoples of Alien Races in the East" dated 25 May 1940, expressed his own thoughts and the future plans for the populations in the East. Himmler stated that it was in the German interest to discover as many ethnic groups in the East and splinter them as much as possible, find and select racially valuable children to be sent to Germany to assimilate them and restrict non-Germans in the General Government and conquered territories to four-grade elementary school which would only teach them how to write their own name, to count up to 500 and to obey Germans. Himmler believed the Germanization process in Eastern Europe would be complete when "in the East dwell only men with truly German, Germanic blood". 3405: 2884: 2769:, unaware of the Rhineland sterilizations until long after the war. Samples also points to the paradoxical fact that African-Germans actually had a better chance of surviving the war than the average German. They were excluded from military activity because of their non-Aryan status, but were not considered a threat and so were unlikely to be incarcerated. Samples and Massaquoi also note that African-Germans were not subjected to the segregation they would have experienced in the United States, nor excluded from facilities such as expensive hotels. However, they both state that downed black American pilots were more likely to become victims of violence and murder from German citizens than white pilots. 3725:(occupied Poland) divided the population into different groups. Each group had different rights, food rations, allowed strips in the cities, separated residential areas, special schooling systems, public transportation and restricted restaurants. Later adapted in all Nazi-occupied countries by 1942, the Germanization program used the racial caste system of reserving certain rights to one group and barred privileges to another. Ethnic Poles were believed by Hitler to be "biologically inferior race" that could never be educated or elevated through Germanization. In 1940, Hitler approved of a plan regarding the Germanization of the 3655:, a German general, geographer, and geopolitician, whose ideas may have influenced the development of Hitler's expansionist strategies, saw Japan as the brother nation to Germany. In 1908, he was sent by the German Army "to Tokyo to study the Japanese Army and to advise it as an artillery instructor. The assignment changed the course of his life and marked the beginning of his love affair with the orient. During the next four years he traveled extensively in East Asia, adding Korean, Japanese, and Mandarin to his repertoire of Russian, French, and English languages. Karl Haushofer had been a devout student of 2546: 2671: 4319:. A substantial part of this chapter will thus return to their research on human ecology to explore the mutual field of inspiration linking them and Smuts. Two aspects of this human ecological research were particularly important: the human gradualism or ecological "succession" of human personalities researched by Bews, and the concept of an ecological biotic community explored by Phillips. Smuts transformed this research into a policy of racial gradualism that respected local ways of life in different (biotic) communities, a policy he tried to morally sanctify and promote as author of the famous 62: 3458: 4404:. The very word 'holism' (as opposed to ideas or practices designated as such today), as well as related words like 'emergence' or 'organicism', date from this time. It was coined in 1926 by Jan Smuts to describe a perceived tendency of evolutionary processes towards the formation of wholes, granting these wholes a special onto-epistemic significance that parts lack. This was cultural holism now underpinned by evolutionary science and deployed by Smuts not only as a tool for grasping the coming into being of the world but also as an ideological justification for the development of 3513:"Pride in one's own race, and that does not imply contempt for other races, is also a normal and healthy sentiment. I have never regarded the Chinese or the Japanese as being inferior to ourselves. They belong to ancient civilizations, and I admit freely that their past history is superior to our own. They have the right to be proud of their past, just as we have the right to be proud of the civilization to which we belong. Indeed, I believe the more steadfast the Chinese and the Japanese remain in their pride of race, the easier I shall find it to get on with them." 3450: 3181:, writing that it was "essential that determination of whether the Turks are Aryan be decided as soon as possible", so that the Foreign Ministry could give "a satisfactory answer" to the Turkish Embassy’s repeated questions about the issue, since there had been individual cases, that is, others in addition to Ruppert, in which "German citizens with Turkish mixed-blood had run into difficulties with the state and the Party due to their origins". The classification of Turks as "non-Aryans", in keeping with 2284: 3229:

races. The same is true of the mongoloid races. Moreover, in such cases, even when such racial considerations are not present, marriages of German young women with foreigners are not desirable. If your daughter does not want to listen to you, she faces the danger of being placed in protective custody. We emphatically point out to you and to your daughter the serious consequences of this behavior, one that obviously does not possess the slightest feeling for the honor of the Volk .

3419: 12096: 8605: 1456: 2031: 3274:, managed to get a declaration from the Reich Agency for the Investigation of Families that they were not to be considered of Jewish religion and their racial classification should be done individually. However, not every Nazi officer or soldier were aware of the official position and a small number Karaites were murdered by German troops in Russia, as if they were Jews. The majority of the Karaites fared much better than the Turkic-speaking Jews, the 12116: 2321: 1468: 3394: 2908: 3675:

The Nazi German government began enacting the laws after taking power in 1933, and the Japanese government initially protested several racial incidents involving Japanese or Japanese-Germans that year which were then resolved by the Nazi high command by treating their Japanese allies leniently in these disputes. Especially after the collapse of Sino-German cooperation and Chinese declaration of war on Germany,

2880:("Big Plan"), which covered actions to be undertaken after the war was won (to be carried into effect gradually over a period of 25–30 years). The Small Plan was to be put into practice as the Germans conquered the areas to the east of their pre-war borders. The individual stages of this plan would then be worked out in greater detail. In this way, the plan for Poland was drawn up at the end of November 1939. 12106: 6692: 3384:

history in fighting, deserves the greatest respect. It is infinitely better to have this people of heroes as allies than to incorporate it in the Germanic Reich—which, in any case, would not fail to provoke complications in the long run. The Finns cover one of our flanks, Turkey covers the other. That's an ideal solution for me as far as our political protective system is concerned.

3185:, led to foreign policy complications, because the Nazis considered the Turkish government as a potential ally. Consequently, the racial theories had to be "modified" to some degree in accordance with foreign policy requirements. In April 30, 1936 Nazi Office for Racial Policy released a circular which stated that the Turks were "Europeans" while explaining that Turkish citizens of 3699:

be dealt with individually. Decisions on some cases sometimes took years, with those affected unable to obtain jobs or interracially marry, primarily because the German government preferred as much as possible to avoid giving exemptions. The German government often exempted more German-Japanese than it preferred in order to avoid a repeat of the 1933 controversies, and in 1934 it

3072:– and higher-degree Northern/Western Europeans of South America (mainly from Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina) as ideal "Aryans" along with the German-speaking peoples of Greater Germany and Switzerland (the country was neutral during the war). The Roma (Gypsies), who, while considered originally Aryan, were deemed a threat to the Aryan race because of their racial mingling. 3147:) with the Germans," the German Foreign Ministry "assured the Iranian Embassy in Berlin that the correct distinction between was not between "Aryans and non-Aryans" but rather between "persons of German and related blood on one hand and Jews as well as racially alien on the other." Iranians were classified as "pure-blooded Aryans" and thus were excluded from the 2652:, and finally, the regulation of the way of life of pure and part-Gypsies. The necessary legal foundation can only be created through a Gypsy Law, which prevents further intermingling of blood, and which regulates all the most pressing questions which go together with the existences of Gypsies in the living space of the German nation. 2719:, Washington, D.C., "The fate of black people from 1933 to 1945 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder. However, there was no systematic program for their elimination as there was for Jews and other groups." 3254:, the founder and editor of the magazine, that he "had no objection to the content of the information from a racial-political viewpoint but that it was "from a foreign policy standpoint, really clumsy” and "a political blunder" that would have "embarrassing and awkward foreign policy implications". Nazi officials sought to prevent 3151:. Following the passage of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, the Expert Advisor for Population and Racial Policy redefined "Aryan" as someone who is "tribally" related to "German blood". Therefore, the official declaration by the Nazi state of Iranians being Aryans effectively rendered them as being "of kindred blood" to the Germans. 2705: 3466: 2027:. Günther became an epitome of corrupt and politicized pseudo-science in post-war Germany. Among the topics of his research were attempts to prove that Jews had an unpleasant "hereditary smell". While one of the most prominent Nazi writers, Günther still was not considered the most "cutting edge" by Nazis. 3379:, Hitler decreed in November 1942 that "from now on Finland and the Finnish people be treated and designated as a Nordic state and a Nordic people", which he considered one of the highest compliments that the Nazi government could bestow upon another country. Hitler stated in private conversation that: 4764:

The Cambridge Companion to Tacitus. p. 294 A. J. Woodman – 2009 The white race was defined as beautiful, honourable and destined to rule; as 'cette illustre famille humaine, la plus noble'.74 Originally a linguistic term synonymous with Indo-European,7S 'Aryan' became, not least because of the Essai,

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in general. After all, if the good National Socialist citizen was now seen as the man or woman who understood and revered what were called "Life's laws," then it seemed clear that the life scientists had a major role to play in defining a National Socialist educational program that would transmit the

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issued an exemption to Han Chinese and Japanese from the racial laws. Additionally, in April 1935 another Nazi decree stated that racial discrimination cases involving Aryans of the East (aka. Han Chinese and Japanese) that might jeopardize German diplomatic relations—i.e., Japanese—would

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that specifically mentioned Jews – generally applied to all "non-Aryans". However, since Japanese and Chinese were given "Aryans of the East" status, these racial laws were applied to them in a lenient manner as compared to other "non-Aryans" who were not granted "Aryan" status by Adolf Hitler.

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Although of a separate and different evolutionary race, the Han Chinese and Imperial Japanese were considered by Nazi ideologists such as Himmler as having sufficiently superior qualities as did German-Nordic blood to warrant an alliance. Himmler, who possessed a great interest in, and was influenced

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was a hoax. Nazi officials themselves disputed these reports by publishing a press release which stated that they were unfounded. The Nazis classified some Turks as "European" and not as "Aryans" and the decision had no practical consequences. In addition, this decision was designed to appease Turkey

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in exchange for a portion of their economic assets. The agreement offered a way to leave an increasingly hostile environment in Nazi Germany; by 1939, 60,000 German Jews (about 10% of the Jewish population) had emigrated there. Thereafter, Nazi policy eventually changed to one of total extermination.

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to clarify how “the Aryan question” affected his case. The Turkish Embassy brought the matter to the attention of the German Foreign Ministry. In a note of December 20, 1935, a Foreign Ministry official wrote that "opening up the Aryan question in relation to Turkey is extraordinarily undesirable as

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for racial discrimination against Jews. People with four German grandparents (white circles) were of "German blood", while people were classified as Jews if they were descended from three or more Jewish grandparents (black circles in top row right). Either one or two Jewish grandparents made someone

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Nazi racial policies were in many ways directly influenced by the United States. The Nazis used "American Models" of racism to oppress and subjugate racial minorities as referenced by James Q. Whitman, author of Hitler's American Model and Professor at Yale University, who stated in his book "In the

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for Han Chinese students studying in the universities and military academies of Nazi Germany after they persuaded a German industrialist to set aside the money for that purpose. Moreover, Kung, in favor of commercial credits, politely refused a generous international loan offer by Adolf Hitler. The

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as early as 1936 when they began to transfer the people to municipal internment camps on the outskirts of cities, a prelude to the deportation of 23,000 Gypsies to concentration camps. "Pure-blooded" Gypsies were considered by the Nazis to be Aryan. Roughly ten percent of Gypsies were considered to

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in his own country. His politics, I will argue, were fully consistent with his holistic philosophy of science. Smuts was guided by the efforts of ecologists such as Bews and Phillips, who provided him with a day-to-day update of the latest advances in scientific knowledge of natural laws governing

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publications in the 1930s were popular among Iranian elites, as they "highlighted the past and the pre-Islamic glories of the Persian nation and blamed the supposedly 'savage Arabs and Turks' for the backwardness of Iran." The Nazis advocated the common Aryan ancestry of Iranians and Germans. As a

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On August 17, Jews with first names of non-Jewish origin were legally required to add "Israel" (males) or "Sara" (females) to their names, and a large letter "J" was to be printed on their passports on October 5. On November 15, Jewish children were banned from going to state-run schools. By April

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A marriage or similar connection between your daughter with a Turk is out of the question. A Near Eastern blood element predominates among the Turks, among whom, alongside Oriental and Western racial components, mongoloid racial elements also enter. The Near Eastern and Oriental races are alien

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and policies were not grounded in science, scientists not only supported them in various ways, but also took advantage of them, for example by using the new possibilities of unethical experimentation in humans that these ideologies provided. Scientists' complicity with Nazi ideology and politics

2898:, expulsion into the depths of Russia, and other fates, the net effect of which would be to ensure that the conquered territories would be Germanized. Himmler declared during the Germanization process that no drop of German blood would be lost or left behind to mingle with any "alien races". The 4774:

So that the reader not be left in ignorance as to who the Aryans are, Gobineau stated: "La race germanique était pourvue de toute l'énergie de la variété ariane." We see, then, that Gobineau presents a racist theory in which the Aryans, or Germans, are all that is good Comparative literature by

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were extremely vigilant about sexual relations between Germans and Poles and pursued any case relentlessly where this was suspected. There were similar regulations used against the other ethnic groups brought in from Eastern Europe, including the death penalty for sexual relations with a German

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Our own Jewish educational system must serve to prepare the youth to be upright Jews, secure in their faith, who will draw the strength to face the onerous demands which life will make on them from conscious solidarity with the Jewish community, from work for the Jewish present and faith in the

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theories about these nations having a considerable admixture of Germanic blood. In countries where these people lived, there were according to Nazis small groups of non-Slavic German descendants. These people underwent a "racial selection" process to determine whether or not they were "racially

4420:, holistic science became a mainstream academic endeavour, once more intermingling cultural politics and serious scientific research. Holistic perspectives also became popular in the interwar years among academics and the wider public throughout the UK and US. In France, it was associated with 3383:

After their first conflict with the Russians, the Finns applied to me, proposing that their country should become a German protectorate. I don't regret having rejected this offer. As a matter of fact, the heroic attitude of this people, which has spent a hundred of the six hundred years of its

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were ideologically tainted. I argue, rather, that despite the fact that some areas of science continued at high levels, science in Nazi Germany was most negatively affected not by the imposition of Nazi ideology on the conduct of science but by the enactment of legal measures that ensured the

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The Nazi Party wanted to increase birthrates of those who were classified as racially elite. When the Party gained power in 1933, one of their first actions was to pass the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage. This law stated that all newly married couples of the Aryan race could receive a

2701:, with the ultimate idea of bastardizing the white race which they hate and thus lowering its cultural and political level so that the Jew might dominate." He also implied that this was a plot on the part of the French, saying the population of France was being increasingly "negrified". 3209:

published an article with the headline "The Turks are Aryans!". Such reports were picked up by other international newspapers, as well as by some modern scholarship, however the claim that that the Turks had been recognized as an "Aryan nation" and that they were exempt from the

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government loan. This loan was not simply paid back, rather a portion of it would be forgiven after the birth of each child. The purpose of this law was very clear and simple: to encourage newlyweds to have as many children as they could, so that the Aryan population would grow.

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is willing to contribute to this end with all its powers. A precondition for such a tolerable relationship is the hope that the Jews and Jewish communities of Germany will be enabled to keep a moral and economic means of existence by the halting of defamation and boycott.

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As for the ridiculous hundred million Slavs, we will mould the best of them as we see fit, and we will isolate the rest of them in their own pig-styes; and anyone who talks about cherishing the local inhabitants and civilising them, goes straight off into a concentration

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1939, nearly all Jewish companies had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or been persuaded to sell out to the government, further reducing their rights as human beings; they were, in many ways, effectively separated from the German populace.

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when he spoke of the democratic state as "a dead mechanism which only lays claim to existence for its own sake" and contrasted this with his vision of statehood for Germany in which "there must be formed a living organism with the exclusive aim of serving a higher

3759:, whose Slavic culture and language was suppressed to absorb them into German identity. Tens of thousands suffered internment and imprisonment as well, to become lesser-known victims of Nazi racial laws. Similarly, the Nazis considered the people living in the 2470:

In 1936, Jews were banned from all professional jobs, effectively preventing them from having any influence in education, politics, higher education, and industry. There was now nothing to stop the anti-Jewish actions that spread across the German economy.

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children with Nordic racial characteristics. Those classified as "racially valuable" were sent from to the German Reich to be adopted and raised as Germans, while those who failed the tests would be used in slave labor or murdered in medical experiments.

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From March 1, 1938, government contracts could not be awarded to Jewish businesses. On September 30, "Aryan" doctors could only treat "Aryan" patients. Provision of medical care to Jews was already hampered because Jews were banned from being doctors.

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and their official title became "subjects of the state". This meant that they were deprived of basic citizens' rights, e.g. the right to vote. This removal of citizens' rights was instrumental in the process of anti-semitic persecution: the process of

3659:, and during his stay in the Far East he was introduced to Oriental esoteric teachings." It was based on such teachings that he came to make similar bestowals of his own upon the Japanese people, calling them the "Aryans of the East", and even the " 3134:, in response to a question from the German Foreign Ministry, classified non-Jewish Turks as Europeans, but "left unanswered the question of how to think about the obviously non-European Arabs, Persians, and Muslims." Later that year, ahead of the 3127:. Even in 1939, Germany provided Iran with the so-called German Scientific Library. The library contained over 7,500 books selected "to convince Iranian readers... of the kinship between the National Socialist Reich and the Aryan culture of Iran". 2455:. Globke co-authored several aspects of the laws, such as the ordinance which legally required Jews with non-Jewish names to take on the additional first names Israel or Sara, along with the official legal commentary on the Reich Citizenship Law. 3233:

Although the Nazi leadership agreed with the content of the reply, they criticized the journal for publishing it, because, in a foreign policy point of view, it was really clumsy ("denkbar ungeschickt") to publish before defeating the British in

3030:. The term "Aryan" was never fully defined—it was too imprecise and ambiguous; a number of judicial and executive decisions made attempts over time to clarify the concept. Outside of Europe, Arabs were by definition non-Aryan because of their 6100:“Völkische Lebensfragen: Das Rassenpolitische Amt gibt Auskunft,” Neues Volk: Blatter des Rassenpolitisches Amt der NSDAP, vol. 10, no. 5, PAAA R99175, Inland Partei Akten, Umgang fremdrassiger Ausländer mit deutschen Mädchen, 1941–43. 2696:

described children resulting from marriages to African occupation soldiers as a contamination of the Aryan race "by Negro blood on the Rhine in the heart of Europe." He thought that "Jews were responsible for bringing Negroes into the

1954:. Gobineau later came to use and reserve the term Aryan only for the "German race" and described the Aryans as 'la race germanique'. By doing so he presented a racist theory in which Aryans—that is Germans—were all that was positive. 2239:). These laws meant that Jews were now indirectly and directly dissuaded or banned from privileged and superior positions reserved for "Aryan Germans". From then on, Jews were forced to work in more menial positions, becoming 3122:

at the suggestion of the German ambassador to Iran as an act of "Aryan solidarity". Also, Hitler personally promised that if he defeated the Soviet Union, he would return all of the Persian land taken by Russians during the

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When the Russo-Japanese War came I was older and better able to judge for myself. For national reasons I then took the side of the Japanese in our discussions. I looked upon the defeat of the Russians as a blow to Austrian

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The law for the prevention of hereditarily diseased offspring. (Approved translation of the "Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses"). Enacted on July 14, 1933. Published by Reichsausschuss für Volksgesundheitsdienst.

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bestowed upon Kung an honorary doctorate degree, and attempted to open China's market to German exports. In order to attract more Han Chinese students to study in Germany, Hitler, Göring, and Schacht earmarked for 100,000

2210:) were especially problematic in their eyes. The first antisemitic law was promulgated with no clear definition of a Jew. Finally, the criterion was set at three or four Jewish grandparents; two or one rendered a person a 2757:

were unaffected. Despite this policy, there was never any systematic attempt to eliminate the black population in Germany, though some black people were used in medical experiments, and others mysteriously disappeared.

2393:" was passed. At first this criminalised sexual relations and marriage only between Germans and Jews, but later the law was extended to "Gypsies, Negroes and their bastard offspring"; it became punishable by law as 6804:

Black, Peter; Gutmann, Martin (2017) . "Racial theory and realities of conquest in the Occupied East: The Nazi leadership and non-German nationals in the SS and police". In Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (eds.).

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by saying that the Nuremberg racial laws did not apply to them, and after the Iranian ambassador to Berlin "assured German officials that 'there was no doubt that the Iranian, as an Aryan,' was 'racially kindred

3224:, replied to a father's question caused by his daughter's relationship with a Turkish man, about whether racial differences between Germans and Turks meant that a marriage should not take place. The reply read: 2931:) used during World War II in Germany. The decrees set out that any Pole "who has sexual relations with a German man or woman, or approaches them in any other improper manner, will be punished by death." The 6369: 4388:: This chapter cannot explore in detail the complex entanglements between these different notions of holism, or how they reflect Germany's troubled path towards modernity. My starting point, instead, is the 4097:

to return to authentic "German" values and "ways of knowing," to "overcome" the materialism and mechanism of the "West" and the "Jewish-international lie" of scientific objectivity; the use of traditional

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Jewish future. In addition to transmitting knowledge, the Jewish schools must also serve in the systematic preparation for future occupations. With regard to preparation for emigration, particularly to

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In the early years of Nazi rule, there were efforts to secure the elimination of Jews by expulsion; later, a more explicit commitment was made to extermination. On August 25, 1933, the Nazis signed the

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huntsmen, for example, are to no small degree still wholly Nordic (thus the blond Berbers in the region of Constantine form 10 % of the population; at Djebel Sheshor they are even more numerous).

2229:. It is notable that the proponents of this law, and the several thousand more that were to follow, most frequently explained them as necessary to prevent the infiltration of damaging, "alien-type" ( 1863:. The Nazis originally sought to rid the German state of Jews and Romani by means of deportation (and later extermination), while black people were to be segregated and eventually eliminated through 5993:

In: Ansari, Ali, (ed.) Perceptions of Iran: history, myths and nationalism from medieval Persia to the Islamic Republic. International library of Iranian studies (37). I.B. Tauris, London, p. 134.

3242:, the German ambassador to Turkey, informed the German Foreign Ministry that the publication of this text "has serious foreign policy considerations". He noted that such statements could aid "our 2753:

in order to protect the racial purity of the German population. At least 400 mixed-race children were forcibly sterilized in the Rhineland by 1938. This order only applied in the Rhineland. Other

1814:

were still being perceived as not racially "pure" enough to reach the status of Germanic peoples, yet they were eventually considered ethnically better than the rest of the Slavs, mostly due to

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The Berbers, among whom even today one finds light skins and blue eyes, do not go back to the Vandal invasions of the fifth century A.D., but to the prehistoric Atlantic Nordic human wave. The

3850: 2385:(the armed forces), and in the summer of the same year, anti-Semitic propaganda appeared in shops and restaurants. The Nuremberg Laws were passed around the time of the great Nazi rallies at 3461:

President Wang Jingwei at a military parade with his Chinese soldiers wearing Nazi military uniforms and Nazi helmet using Chinese military insigna and rank while carrying Nazi German rifles

8844: 3332:

had tens of thousands of German soldiers in the country. Archival research however has found out that 26 Finnish women were in contact with the Lebensborn program for unspecified reasons.

4110:) as a mystical, pseudobiological whole and the state as an "organism" in which the individual was subsumed in the whole ("You are nothing, your Volk is everything"); the condemnation of 3721:, a sub-race of the white European population defined by the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body models of racial difference. From 1940 the Nazi authorities in the 10112: 4212:

of young faculty and students was particularly virulent. Moreover, I show that scientists supported Nazi ideologies and policies not only through so-called reductionist science such as

3729:, he estimated around half of the Czech population were suitable for Germanization but made clear that the "mongoloid" types and Czech intelligentsia were not allowed to be Germanized. 1968:

with antisemitism, describes history as a struggle for survival between the Germanic peoples and the Jews, whom he characterized as an inferior and dangerous group. The two-volume book

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in the German embassy in Paris. Grynszpan's family, together with more than 12,000 Polish-born Jews, had been expelled by the Nazi government from Germany to Poland in the so-called "

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were living in Germany in 1933 (0.75% of the entire German population). Discrimination against Jews began immediately after the national seizure of power in 1933. The Nazi Party used

1839:

with an Asiatic appearance to be the result of intermingling between the native Slavic populations and Asiatic or Mongolian races as sub-humans dominated by the Jews with the help of

3645:, were descended from gods of celestial origin, which was similar to Himmler's own belief that "the Nordic race did not evolve, but came directly down from heaven to settle on the 10139: 5975:

A 1378/36 (June 19, 1936), Political Archives of German Foreign Office. The circular: Ankara 539, doc. 82–35.B 8/4 (April 30, 1936), Political Archives of German Foreign Office.

3634: 2422:" ("national community"), thus granting judicial legitimacy to their persecution and opening the way to harsher laws and, eventually, extermination of the Jews. Philosopher 2833:) at the expense of the "inferior Slavs". Hitler believed that "the organization of a Russian state formation was not the result of the political abilities of the Slavs in 2648:

The aim of measures taken by the State to defend the homogeneity of the German nation must be the physical separation of Gypsydom from the German nation, the prevention of

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was used to "improve" the racial make-up of the Germanized section of the population, by absorbing individuals into the German population who were deemed suitably Nordic.

123: 1936:

Nazi racial beliefs of the superiority of an Aryan master race arose from earlier proponents of a supremacist conception of race such as the French novelist and diplomat

9774: 6534:, OI - Final Interrogation Report (OI-FIR) No. 32, Secret - United States Forces European Theater Military Intelligence Service Center APO 757, February 12, 1946, p. 4. 2379:" (lit.: "standardisation", the process by which the Nazis achieved complete control over German society) was implemented. In May 1935, Jews were forbidden to join the 2894:

The plan envisaged removal of the majority of the population of conquered counties, with very small and varied percentages of the various conquered nations undergoing

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p. 118 Annette F. Timm – 2010 The Nazis' singleminded desire to "purify" the German race through the elimination of non-Aryans (particularly Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs)

1665:(1918–1933) were greatly influenced by several 19th- and early 20th-century thinkers and proponents of philosophical, onto-epistemic, and theoretical perspectives on 3871: 2222: 2055: 6337: 6181:

Evjen, Bjørg (2019-05-09). "Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war): Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland".

6165: 2403:" was passed, and was reinforced in November by a decree; it included only people of "German or related blood", which meant that all Jews were stripped of their 4424:

and the emergence of neo-Hippocratic thinking in medicine, manifesting the unease many people felt about the shifts that biomedicine was undergoing at the time.

1790:

We are a master race, which must remember that the lowliest German worker is racially and biologically a thousand times more valuable than the population here.

4216:, but also by promoting organicist and holistic ideologies of the racial state. The ideology of leading Nazi party ideologues was strongly influenced by the 11303: 10164: 9809: 2656:

However, although many laws during Nazi Germany persecuted the Gypsies, a specific "Gypsy Law", although talked about often, was never enacted by the Nazis.

4392:. By then, holism had become an important resource for people across Europe, the US and beyond—but once again specifically in Germany—for dealing with what 3189:

would still be considered Jews and Turks of "colored origin" would be considered non-European. Some Turkish and international newspapers, such as the Swiss

1779:(Aryan master race) was widely spread among the German public through Nazi propaganda and among Nazi officials throughout the ranks, in particular when the 11887: 7665: 4775:

American Comparative Literature Association.; Modern Language Association of America. Comparative Literature Section.; University of Oregon. 1967, p. 342

2441: 360: 6322:

The Spear of Destiny: The occult power behind the spear which pierced the side of Christ and how Hitler inverted the force in a bid to conquer the world

3290:, the Nazis favored and promoted children between Germans and Norwegians, in an attempt to raise the birth rate of Nordic Aryans. Around 10,000–12,000 17: 1810:("sub-humans") who were to be enslaved and exterminated by Germans. Slavic nations such as the Ukrainians, Czechs, Slovaks, Bulgarians and Croats who 1685:

and the theorization of organic-racial societies. In particular, one of the most significant ideological influences on the Nazis was the 19th-century

12039: 9940: 8816: 3215:

from a foreign policy standpoint, although, from a racial standpoint, Nazi officials did not believe that the Turks were neither European nor Aryan.

1811: 4714:"Hitler's Home Front: Wurttemberg Under the Nazis" Jill Stephenson p. 113 " Other non-'Aryans' included Slavs, Blacks and Roma and Sinti (Romanies)" 8922: 5729: 5690: 5504: 4951: 2390: 10852: 10615: 9525: 8397: 1278: 7515: 3683:

favored excluding Japanese from the laws due both to the alleged Japanese-Aryan racial link and to improve diplomatic relations with Japan. The

207: 8378: 6724: 3780: 3246:

opponents" in their "propaganda against us" and asked the Office of Racial Politics not to publish such things in the future. On May 16, 1942,

2806: 2338: 1259: 2606:

of girls must be directed to preparing them to carry out their responsibilities as upholders of the family and mothers of the next generation.

1877:

ancestors had spread out from Germany throughout Europe. Of the Germanic tribes that spread through Europe, the theorists identified that the

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The paradoxical character of the politics of holism is the theme of this chapter, which focuses on the mutually shaping relationship between

3676: 1942: 963: 118: 6422: 3099:

on the grounds that they were "pure" Aryans. Various pro-Nazi publications, lectures, speeches, and ceremonies, also drew parallels between

11839: 11298: 10439: 10434: 10426: 8927: 8839: 7418: 2772: 113: 6281:

Historical dictionary of Estonia (2nd edition), by Toivo Miljan, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015

11822: 9843: 9667: 8390: 6507: 2665: 1271: 3400:

ambassador Hsiang-hsi Kung traveled to Nazi Germany in 1937 and was warmly received by Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring and Hjalmar Schacht.

2958:

targeting domestic audiences vigorously depicted the war against Soviet Union as a racial struggle of Aryans against "Jewish and Slavic

2493:

regime that Hitler imposed on Germany allowed him to control the actions of the military. On November 7, 1938, a young Polish Jew named

2444:, citizens' rights actually preceded human rights, as the latter needed the protection of a determinate state to be actually respected. 2168:. In 1933, persecution of the Jews became active Nazi policy. This was at first hindered by the lack of agreement on who qualified as a 10941: 10583: 9804: 8731: 6370:"Hitler saw China and Japan as equals to Germany and even wrote admiringly: "I admit freely that their history is superior to our own"" 3687:

agreed with von Leers and sought several times between 1934 and 1937 to change the laws, but other government agencies, including the

1827:("Master Plan East") aimed at expulsion, enslavement and extermination of most Slavic people. Nazi policy towards them changed during 12009: 11244: 8368: 7310: 3111: 3080:

Beginning in 1933, Nazi leadership made efforts to increase their influence in Iran, and they financed and managed a racist journal,

2954:

officially described the military invasion as a "European crusade against Bolshevism" in the international arena. On the other hand,

1960: 1249: 973: 30: 9027: 3453:

Han Chinese Nazi Wehrmacht soldier Chiang Wei-kuo in Nazi Germany with high ranking Nazi Wehrmacht military officers, prior to 1939.

3026:

Though the laws primarily targeted Jews, other "non-Aryan" people were subject to the laws, and to other legislation concerned with

2118: 1724: 12155: 11725: 11249: 9878: 9327: 8501: 8453: 8056: 2749:

soldiers who had been stationed in the Rhineland as part of the French army of occupation. He believed that these people should be

1770:

were held to be somewhat inferior, but were tolerated; and the French were thought to have a suitable admixture of Germanic blood.

1499: 1333: 752: 5265: 2972:(RSHM) proliferated conspiratorial, racist propaganda themes that identified "Jewishness with Bolshevism" and vilifiied Slavs as " 2761:

According to Susan Samples, the Nazis went to great lengths to conceal their sterilization and abortion program in the Rhineland.

12170: 11745: 11343: 11062: 10554: 10226: 9747: 9475: 8870: 8821: 8639: 3528: 3118:

race. Hitler declared Iran to be an "Aryan country"; the changing of Persia's international name to Iran in 1935 was done by the

2716: 6408: 5743: 4573: 3703:

from discussing the race laws when Japanese and Han Chinese were involved to avoid any diplomatic problems with China or Japan.

2567:. But they must create a basis on which a tolerable relationship becomes possible between the German and the Jewish people. The 12081: 9051: 8468: 4320: 3733: 3523:" Hitler had allowed Han Chinese and Japanese soldiers to study in Nazi German military academies and serve in the Nazi German 3008: 2715:

The number of black people in Germany when the Nazis came to power is variously estimated at 5,000 to 25,000. According to the

2458: 1348: 2575:

The organization of the life of the Jews in Germany requires governmental recognition of an autonomous Jewish leadership. The

7546: 7278: 7173: 7124: 7102: 7059: 6974: 6917: 6898: 6637: 6053: 6026: 5960: 5925: 5713: 5674: 5609: 5585: 5557: 5488: 5413: 5376: 5062: 4649: 4624: 2802: 2153: 238: 11187: 11177: 11160: 11155: 11072: 9431: 8849: 8689: 8385: 7443: 7092: 3800: 3316:

had a debatable position in the Nazi racial policies, as they were considered a part of the "Eastern Mongol race" with the

3287: 2555: 1831:

as a pragmatic means to resolve military manpower shortages: they were allowed, with certain restrictions, to serve in the

1266: 138: 7991: 2478:

of Jews from the "German Aryan" population was completed. In particular, Jews were punished financially for being Jewish.

685: 12180: 11494: 11197: 11170: 10601: 10236: 10069: 9714: 9177: 8917: 5870: 4876:

Race, Color, Identity: Rethinking Discourses about "Jews" in the Twenty-first Century Efraim Sicher Berghahn Books, 2013

3726: 3298:) were born from these unions during the war. Some of them were separated from their mothers and cared for in so-called " 2621: 983: 7305: 6341: 11239: 11212: 11192: 10520: 10489: 10462: 10394: 9265: 8424: 7450: 7143: 6936: 6874: 6794: 3442: 3178: 2919:

in 1942. The Nazi propaganda pamphlet depicted Russians, Jews and various inhabitants of Eastern Europe as "subhumans".

2887: 1305: 1135: 145: 5518: 5078:

S. H. Milton (2001). ""Gypsies" as social outsiders in Nazi Germany". In Robert Gellately and Nathan Stoltzfus (ed.).

4304:. Smuts was a promoter of international peace and understanding through the League of Nations, but also a defender of 3404: 2904:("soldier-peasants") would settle in a fortified line to prevent civilization arising beyond and threatening Germany. 1646:, which published circulars and directives to relevant administrative organs, newspapers, and educational institutes. 11926: 11909: 11371: 11293: 10484: 10297: 9046: 8791: 7292: 7264: 7249: 7225: 7208: 7190: 7078: 7017: 6998: 6955: 6832: 6775: 6742: 6576: 6482: 5998: 5782: 5467: 5133: 5087: 4914: 4894: 4865: 4845: 4448: 4366: 4273: 4093:

essence of these laws to every family in every village in the country. So much seemed familiar: the calls among the

4057: 3556: 3375:

between the Finns and the Soviets. Owing to Finland's substantial military contribution on the northern flank of the

3040: 2360: 2218: 1063: 9061: 8997: 4228:(people) as an organic unity. They did not base their virulent anti-Semitism and racism on anthropological concepts. 12175: 12165: 12119: 11875: 11844: 11740: 11273: 11217: 10636: 10479: 9832: 9289: 9066: 9007: 8982: 8771: 8699: 7701: 7356: 4705:. Malden, Massachusetts, US; Oxford, England, UK; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. pp. 14. 2883: 2023:) about the danger of "Slavic blood of Eastern race" mixing with the German and combined virulent nationalism with 2019: 1016: 393: 3670:

Initially, the Japanese were still subject to Germany's racial laws, which – with the exception of the 1935

3199:, reported at the time that the Turks had been recognized as an "Aryan nation" and that they were exempt from the 2590:, which it will press energetically and with full commitment, following the avenues it has previously taken, are: 2529:. After the start of the war, and the conquest of numerous European countries, the Jewish population was put into 12160: 11827: 10951: 10880: 10530: 8910: 8905: 8575: 7755: 7508: 7433: 6183: 5455: 3177:

well as dangerous for our relations with Turkey". However, in January 1936, Foreign Ministry wrote a memo to the

1426: 1170: 447: 200: 128: 2936:

person. During the war, hundreds of Polish and Russian men were executed for their relations with German women.

12150: 11999: 11856: 11108: 10696: 9727: 9540: 9002: 7438: 7040: 6230: 5166: 3110:

were eager to identify themselves with the Nazis" and a supposed Aryan race. In 1934, the Nazis celebrated the

2432: 2342: 2141: 1697:

members, and whose ideas were implemented among the philosophical and ideological foundations of Nazi-oriented

133: 9702: 4340: 1988:

studies to conclude that the Germans were superior to the Jews intellectually and physically, and recommended

10753: 10631: 10494: 10199: 9202: 9056: 9037: 9017: 8987: 8880: 7893: 7881: 3830: 3186: 2300:(of mixed blood). The Nazis used the religious observance of a person's grandparents to determine their race. 1998: 993: 585: 573: 9109: 4484: 3106:

Nazi ideology was most common among Persian officials, elites, and intellectuals, but "even some members of

12185: 12069: 11931: 11921: 11914: 11718: 11283: 11113: 11030: 10763: 10457: 10290: 10064: 9627: 9255: 9124: 9099: 8977: 8443: 7696: 3559: 2837:, but only a wonderful example of the state-forming efficacity of the German element in an inferior race." 2463: 1617:, etc.), and most non-Europeans as inferior non-Aryan subhumans (under the Nazi appropriation of the term " 1492: 1323: 1116: 388: 9697: 6119: 3615:. He made a number of other statements expressing his respect and admiration for the Japanese in his book 2070:

of "any person suffering from a hereditary disease." These included, for the Nazis, those suffering from "

11946: 11762: 11336: 11268: 11082: 10827: 10800: 10793: 10246: 10231: 10132: 9978: 9902: 9114: 9071: 9032: 8932: 8766: 8632: 8190: 6561:"Japan's Racial Identity in the Second World War: The Cultural Context of the Japanese Treatment of POWs" 6305: 3115: 1955: 1080: 1004: 884: 9224: 8225: 3562:, visited Nazi Germany and was warmly welcomed by Hitler on June 13, 1937. During this meeting, Hitler, 3114:, in which the Nazi government declared that the German and Persian people share membership in a common 2180:

described it as "total chaos", with local authorities regarding anything from full Jewish background to

919: 12145: 12140: 11703: 11145: 10822: 10768: 10589: 10377: 10104: 9983: 9953: 9872: 9789: 9622: 9260: 9158: 9119: 9076: 9012: 8885: 8761: 8404: 8290: 7913: 7660: 7503: 5641:

Himmler, Heinrich (25 May 1940). "Reflections on the Treatment of Peoples of Alien Races in the East".

4572:

Gumkowski, Janusz; Leszczynski, Kazimierz; Robert, Edward (1961). "Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe".

4465: 4350: 4337:"Chapter 3: Holism, Chinese Medicine, and Systems Ideologies: Rewriting the Past to Imagine the Future" 4241: 4195: 4041: 4029: 3700: 3532: 3336: 3258:

between Turks and Germans and, if necessary, sought to imprison or deport the "offending" Turkish man.

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Nazi policies labeled centuries-long residents in German territory who were not ethnic Germans such as

1285: 605: 355: 195: 7711: 6787:

Iran and the Challenge of Diversity: Islamic Fundamentalism, Aryanist Racism, and Democratic Struggles

5808: 4153: 403: 12019: 11863: 11310: 11125: 11120: 10956: 10337: 9742: 9557: 9104: 9081: 8992: 8854: 8706: 8694: 8681: 8334: 6707: 3449: 3251: 3107: 1213: 1109: 1099: 4205: 1593:, historically colloquially referred to derogatorily as "Gypsies"), along with the vast majority of 11636: 11278: 11067: 10961: 10421: 10389: 10221: 10176: 9722: 9502: 9041: 9022: 8969: 8953: 8900: 8895: 8806: 8796: 8786: 8738: 8721: 8711: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8547: 8491: 8275: 8261: 7793: 7706: 7630: 7556: 7532: 7498: 5344:, Harper Perennial, 2001. He mistakenly states that they were later murdered in the Holocaust, p. 2 4257: 4249: 3585: 2750: 2067: 1864: 1549: 1398: 485: 398: 325: 248: 224: 190: 9647: 8195: 7320: 7232:

Racism within the Axis: Sexual Intercourse and Marriage Plans between Italians and Germans, 1940–3

6823: 2722:

Prior to Hitler coming to power, black entertainers were popular in Germany, but the Nazis banned

889: 12109: 12029: 11834: 11774: 11752: 11479: 11234: 11202: 11077: 10342: 10214: 10204: 9930: 9484: 9212: 8890: 8875: 8801: 8781: 8776: 8756: 8726: 8716: 8542: 8496: 8448: 8250: 7196: 6814: 6436: 6147: 3892: 3684: 3426: 2999: 2545: 2526: 2331: 2071: 2063: 2043: 1666: 1643: 1485: 1393: 1328: 944: 872: 9281: 6967:

Race and the Third Reich: Linguistics, Racial Anthropology and Genetics in the Dialectic of Volk

5643:

Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals Under Control Council Law No. 10

5310: 3168:, due to the belief that as the son of a Turkish man he was not a full Aryan as required by the 1698: 12195: 12190: 11994: 11897: 11817: 11646: 11587: 11489: 11386: 11329: 11288: 11263: 11229: 11207: 11182: 11165: 11150: 11130: 11087: 11057: 10910: 10674: 10651: 10525: 10411: 10372: 10347: 9925: 9692: 9171: 8749: 8743: 8625: 8314: 8135: 7996: 7826: 7675: 7413: 5158: 4887:

Inventing the Jew: Antisemitic Stereotypes in Romanian and Other Central-East European Cultures

4502: 4358: 4221: 3855: 3840: 3795: 3695: 3352: 2563:

The Laws decided upon by the Reichstag in Nuremberg have come as the heaviest of blows for the

2440:, Nazi Germany first deprived human beings of their citizenship. Arendt underlined that in the 2087: 1690: 1193: 829: 690: 518: 370: 108: 9436: 6560: 6511: 6470: 5880: 5549: 3351:

in 1893) looked on Estonians favorably as Finno-Ugrics and thus as "Aryans", Generalkommissar

2670: 1746:

and the other Nazis graded humans on a scale of pure Aryans to non-Aryans (who were viewed as

12049: 11941: 11936: 11851: 11812: 11619: 11614: 11258: 11224: 11140: 11135: 11020: 10783: 10576: 10536: 10474: 10469: 10406: 10332: 10159: 9784: 9737: 9401: 9152: 8590: 8347: 7986: 7936: 7931: 5950: 4305: 4037: 3907: 3820: 3805: 3785: 3457: 3169: 3131: 2157: 2149: 1441: 1227: 1165: 1125: 680: 630: 625: 5150: 2525:"), in which at least 91 Jews were killed and a further 30,000 arrested and incarcerated in 2014: 1823:

and forcefully taken from their families in order to be raised as Germans. This secret plan

12004: 11870: 11514: 11451: 11421: 11406: 11391: 10995: 10946: 10918: 10641: 10571: 10357: 10122: 10059: 9642: 9426: 9317: 9295: 9190: 9185: 9166: 8580: 8473: 8363: 8145: 7551: 7349: 5295: 4297: 4152:(Science and Nazism. The unconfessed collaboration of scientists with National Socialism). 3882: 3688: 3376: 3360: 3182: 3135: 2947: 2841: 2240: 2165: 1719: 1570: 1431: 1353: 1244: 1052: 839: 243: 9988: 7979: 7974: 5791: 4217: 4141: 1870: 1750:). At the top of the scale of pure Aryans were Nordic-type Germans and other Nordic-Aryan 673: 668: 8: 12024: 11779: 11658: 11411: 11025: 10936: 10928: 10691: 10684: 10416: 10401: 10352: 10209: 10117: 9963: 9550: 8520: 8353: 7767: 7736: 7571: 6497:

pp. 141, 158, 274, 290–291, 637–640, Ralph Manheim Translation, Mariner paperback edition

4301: 3656: 3515:—Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, February 1945–April 1945 3368: 3164:

In 1935, a half-Turkish half-German man named "Johannes Ruppert" was forced to leave the

2995: 1590: 1371: 1234: 1160: 459: 428: 263: 9345: 9335: 7748: 7213: 2792:

visit an exhibition of proposed rural German settlements within occupied Eastern Europe.

2177: 440: 61: 12054: 12034: 11693: 11624: 11592: 11559: 11549: 11431: 11005: 10832: 10515: 9589: 9584: 9091: 8570: 8280: 8215: 8011: 7898: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7821: 7645: 7401: 7029: 6846: 6210: 5931: 5723: 5684: 5498: 5273: 5151: 4372: 4279: 4185: 4071: 4063: 3912: 3722: 3608: 3124: 2595: 2494: 2475: 2277: 2264: 1937: 1713: 1686: 1586: 1421: 909: 705: 590: 568: 563: 558: 513: 340: 96: 7687: 3103:, Hitler, and Mussolini to emphasize the charismatic resemblance among these leaders. 2927:

on 8 March 1940 which regulated the working and living conditions of Polish laborers (

2785: 11713: 11678: 11668: 11629: 11569: 11519: 11441: 11426: 11396: 10874: 10679: 10542: 10327: 10194: 10054: 9885: 9799: 9766: 9680: 9497: 9463: 8530: 8525: 8358: 8105: 8034: 7861: 7741: 7640: 7561: 7522: 7288: 7274: 7260: 7245: 7221: 7204: 7186: 7169: 7139: 7120: 7098: 7088: 7074: 7055: 7036: 7013: 6994: 6970: 6951: 6932: 6913: 6894: 6870: 6850: 6838: 6828: 6790: 6771: 6768:

Why the Germans? Why the Jews? Envy, Race Hatred, and the Prehistory of the Holocaust

6702: 6633: 6572: 6478: 6214: 6049: 6022: 5994: 5956: 5921: 5747: 5709: 5670: 5605: 5581: 5553: 5542: 5484: 5463: 5409: 5372: 5162: 5129: 5083: 5058: 4910: 4890: 4861: 4841: 4645: 4620: 4587: 4579: 4444: 4362: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4269: 4189: 4177: 4085: 4075: 4053: 3932: 3927: 3810: 3551:

was sent to China and served as one of Chiang Kai-shek's advisers. Around this time,

3540: 3434: 2890:

in 1939 as part of the German ethnic cleansing of western Poland annexed to the Reich

2876:("Small Plan"), which covered actions which were to be taken during the war, and the 2738: 2599: 2373:

Between 1935 and 1936, persecution of the Jews increased apace while the process of "

2292: 2252: 2235: 2103: 1674: 1670: 1631: 1537: 1381: 1376: 1239: 1130: 799: 728: 553: 433: 335: 253: 214: 37:

of the Racial Hygiene and Demographic Biology Research Unit measuring the skull of a

8125: 6073: 4376: 3630: 3563: 3412: 3250:, director of the Office of Jewish Affairs in the German Foreign Ministry, wrote to 3218:

In May 1942, a writer in the official journal of the Nazi Office for Racial Policy,

819: 11807: 11784: 11767: 11757: 11735: 11698: 11688: 11673: 11663: 11582: 11577: 11554: 11544: 10842: 10837: 10711: 10384: 10171: 10149: 9968: 9958: 9687: 9675: 9657: 9594: 8554: 8373: 8339: 8319: 8240: 8165: 8110: 8006: 7886: 7721: 7614: 7489: 7285:

Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870–1945

6988: 6858: 6818: 6239: 6200: 6192: 5777: 4354: 4339:. In Whitehead, A.; Woods, A.; Atkinson, S.; Macnaughton, J.; Richards, J. (eds.). 4261: 4167: 4157: 4045: 3922: 3902: 3680: 3364: 3344: 3267: 3247: 3035: 3019: 2965: 2869: 2829: 2789: 2641: 2409: 2176:; this caused legislators to balk at an antisemitic law for its ill-defined terms. 2161: 2123: 2079: 1985: 1965: 1874: 1751: 1405: 1254: 1218: 1198: 1028: 934: 859: 804: 700: 578: 413: 306: 9340: 9302: 8235: 7779: 6196: 6109:

YIVO archives, Berlin Collection, Occ E, 3, Box 100, letter dated January 5, 1939.

3763:

area to be descended from ethnic Germans and were therefore classified as Aryans.

3600:

until his return to the Republic of China during the later years of World War II.

2777: 2098:, "any severe hereditary deformity", as well as "any person suffering from severe 929: 471: 12099: 12064: 11956: 11789: 11708: 11683: 11651: 11641: 11609: 11604: 11499: 11456: 11446: 11436: 11401: 11381: 11366: 10868: 10621: 10241: 10081: 10074: 9891: 9794: 9652: 9632: 9545: 9381: 8608: 8563: 8324: 8295: 8210: 8205: 8185: 8155: 8120: 8023: 8016: 7903: 7604: 7342: 7112: 6888: 6043: 6016: 5645:. US Government Printing Office, District of Columbia. pp. 147–150, Vol. 13. 5055:

The sound of hope: Music as solace, resistance and salvation during the holocaust

4389: 4309: 3947: 3937: 3815: 3604: 3581: 3567: 3536: 3520: 3499: 3495: 3430: 3367:

primarily to recover the territories it was forced to cede to the USSR after the

3271: 3239: 3003: 2955: 2864: 2810: 2723: 2564: 2508: 2375: 2038:: "This person suffering from hereditary defects costs the community 60,000 1824: 1682: 1662: 1529: 1459: 1414: 1203: 1104: 904: 899: 879: 849: 814: 717: 710: 595: 296: 6863: 6571:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 123–124, 126–130, 132–134. 4336: 12076: 11730: 11599: 11000: 10810: 10778: 10743: 10664: 10154: 10049: 9948: 9919: 9611: 9575: 9530: 9240: 9147: 8537: 8409: 8285: 8230: 8220: 8176: 8085: 8065: 7856: 7833: 7726: 7624: 7609: 7566: 7464: 7237: 4928:(Berlin: Reichsdruckerei, 1935). (Official translation of the law into English) 4413: 4397: 4067: 3994:, Jill Stephenson p. 135, Other non-'Aryans' included Slavs, Blacks and Roma . 3845: 3825: 3671: 3652: 3612: 3577: 3544: 3469: 3211: 3200: 3148: 3096: 3092: 3057: 3031: 3027: 2924: 2762: 2516: 2498: 2448: 2400: 2310: 2288: 2273: 2133: 1951: 1910: 1836: 1767: 1763: 1574: 1545: 1472: 1388: 1290: 1175: 924: 914: 779: 759: 548: 525: 418: 318: 301: 258: 159: 9535: 9355: 8075: 8043: 4265: 4049: 3317: 2598:, emphasis will be placed on guidance toward manual work and the study of the 2283: 2160:" all on the Jews and "cultural Bolsheviks", the latter considered to be in a 2128: 2059: 1835:, in spite of being considered subhumans. Nazi propaganda portrayed people in 1144: 769: 737: 12134: 11892: 11539: 11504: 11416: 11376: 10973: 10815: 10748: 10595: 10044: 9973: 9864: 9732: 9562: 9519: 9365: 9350: 8648: 8458: 8160: 8095: 8080: 7967: 7958: 7849: 7798: 7788: 7716: 7599: 7578: 7474: 7136:

Eradicating Differences: The Treatment of Minorities in Nazi-dominated Europe

7010:

The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism

6984: 6884: 6842: 5771: 4213: 4209: 4181: 4103: 4089: 3877: 3865: 3741: 3712: 3340: 3255: 3082: 3049: 3045: 2978:". These tropes were key elements of Nazi ideology and propaganda throughout 2928: 2916: 2895: 2855: 2734: 2708: 2649: 2644:

suggested creating a "Gypsy Law" to separate Gypsies from the German people:

2634: 2521: 2427: 2423: 2395: 2269: 2226: 2075: 1993: 1973: 1886: 1856: 1848: 1820: 1815: 1806: 1598: 1582: 1559: 1554: 1541: 1338: 1092: 854: 789: 774: 661: 652: 541: 490: 480: 408: 291: 270: 169: 38: 10547: 8140: 4162: 834: 12059: 11904: 11037: 10983: 10847: 10659: 10559: 10510: 10367: 10313: 10256: 9406: 9391: 9386: 9360: 9313: 9245: 9207: 8957: 8419: 8245: 8200: 8150: 8130: 8115: 8070: 8001: 7926: 7772: 7655: 7594: 7539: 7527: 7408: 7178: 6910:

The Nazi Ancestral Proof: Genealogy, Racial Science, and the Final Solution

6564: 6228:

Holmila, Antero (2009-12-01). "Finland and the Holocaust: A Reassessment".

5935: 5915: 5526: 4765:

the designation of a race, which Gobineau specified as 'la race germanique'

4417: 4409: 4315: 4200: 4115: 4084:

to be "politically applied biology," things began to look up, not only for

3942: 3790: 3482: 3422: 3408: 3291: 3243: 3165: 3087: 3069: 2979: 2951: 2754: 2693: 2490: 2437: 2244: 2191: 2024: 2017:, who influenced Nazi ideology, wrote in his "Race Lore of German People" ( 1860: 1828: 1755: 1743: 1654: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1300: 1153: 939: 894: 844: 824: 809: 764: 695: 620: 464: 350: 286: 231: 219: 103: 6423:"An Unexpected Partnership in WW2: Nazi Germany and the Republic of China" 1649: 11984: 11951: 11529: 11509: 10900: 10706: 10701: 10669: 10262: 9779: 9396: 9250: 8585: 8100: 7946: 7918: 7762: 7635: 6243: 4030:"Six: Life Science, Nazi Wholeness, and the 'Machine' in Germany's Midst" 3980:

The Czechs under Nazi Rule: The Failure of National Resistance, 1939–1942

3860: 3760: 3756: 3718: 3664: 3503: 3498:

were both considered by Hitler and the government of Nazi Germany to be "

3491: 3473: 3418: 3235: 3086:, co-edited by a pro-Nazi Iranian, Abdulrahman Saif Azad. This and other 3014: 2991: 2974: 2960: 2780: 2704: 2503: 2452: 2404: 2260: 2007: 1930: 1878: 1759: 1747: 1739: 1728: 1626: 1614: 1436: 794: 640: 610: 454: 330: 6763: 3465: 3095:

issued a special decree exempting Iranians from any restrictions to the

11880: 11534: 11524: 11461: 11092: 10978: 10895: 10626: 10565: 10251: 10086: 9859: 9637: 8090: 7842: 7805: 7731: 7619: 7457: 7317:"Images of a 1938 German "J" Jewish passport from www.passportland.com" 7242:

Inside Nazi Germany: conformity, opposition and racism in everyday life

6585: 6205: 5241: 5229: 4698: 4583: 4401: 4172: 4120: 4094: 4034:

Reenchanted Science: Holism in German Culture from Wilhelm II to Hitler

3660: 3617: 3596:

and served as a Nazi soldier in the Wehrmacht on active combat duty in

3593: 3572: 3552: 3529:

Germany had supported the Republic of China militarily and industrially

3372: 3321: 3300: 3220: 3061: 3053: 2940: 2823: 2817: 2746: 2727: 2688: 2534: 2345: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2173: 2099: 2047: 2042:

during his lifetime. Fellow German, that is your money, too." from the

2039: 2030: 1981: 1977: 1947: 1840: 1783: 1775: 1694: 1678: 1658: 1639: 1606: 1533: 1040: 784: 534: 497: 423: 311: 152: 34: 7218:

Nazi Germany and the Jews. Vol. 1: The Years of Persecution, 1933–1939

7201:

The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy

6658: 5952:

Nazism, the Holocaust, and the Middle East: Arab and Turkish Responses

4246:

Imperial Ecology: Environmental Order in the British Empire, 1895–1945

3851:

Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics

3490:

Despite having a separate evolutionary origin from the Europeans, the

2796: 12044: 11979: 11484: 11015: 10890: 10885: 10773: 10091: 9897: 8270: 7951: 7587: 7383: 6332: 6330: 6161: 6074:"Nazi Germany and the Arab and Muslim World: Old and New Scholarship" 5604:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. January 2007. p. 58. 5366: 5125: 4405: 4393: 4346: 4114:

as an alien force representing chaos, mechanism, and inauthenticity.

3887: 3774: 3626: 3548: 3524: 3477: 3275: 3100: 2900: 2698: 2603: 2386: 2381: 2206: 2091: 2035: 2003: 1832: 1087: 645: 279: 78: 9752: 6546:, Servando González, Chapter 2: The Haushofer Connection, 1997–1998. 6258: 2320: 1714:

Basis of Nazi policies and the constitution of the Aryan Master Race

12014: 10989: 10905: 10758: 10717: 9617: 9417: 7941: 7908: 7650: 7234:, in: Journal of Contemporary History 54.3, 2019, pp. 508–526. 7161: 6120:"Somewhat Jewish, Fully Russian: Crimea Karaites Recall Past Glory" 4421: 3897: 3835: 3646: 3191: 2616: 2145: 2102:". Further modifications of the law enforced sterilization of the " 2095: 2083: 1989: 1922: 1898: 1704: 1610: 635: 600: 345: 7166:

Architects of Annihilation: Auschwitz and the Logic of Destruction

6327: 5578:

The Gestapo and German Society: Enforcing Racial Policy, 1933–1945

4118:

himself had even used the stock imagery of conservative holism in

3519:

Due to Nazi Germany's recognition of Han Chinese and Japanese as "

3393: 3205: 2907: 2233:) hereditary traits into the German national or racial community ( 2156:, unemployment, and the loss of World War I and surrender by the " 11974: 7392: 6471:"Churchill, Japan, and British Security in the Pacific 1904–1942" 5655:

Mark Mazower, Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe, p. 181

5199: 4952:"Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country" 3961: 3642: 3348: 3329: 2932: 2766: 2742: 2414: 2256: 1926: 1918: 1906: 87: 8617: 5096: 5034: 3625:

by, the anthropology, philosophies and pantheistic religions of

3480:. The shoulder boards indicate the Nazi German military rank of 2113: 11352: 11010: 10966: 10788: 10723: 10362: 10282: 10127: 7814: 7670: 7365: 6810: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5460:

The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology

4253: 4081: 3968:

Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics against Human Dignity

3917: 3752: 3638: 3611:

it had defeated the Russians, which he considered a defeat for

3597: 3589: 3438: 3397: 3325: 3320:

people in traditional racial hierarchies. Finland did not have

3173: 2834: 2626: 2530: 1914: 1894: 1882: 1732: 1693:, whose works had served as an inspiration to Hitler and other 1578: 506: 365: 53: 6166:

Les enfants des nazis traînent la Norvège devant les tribunaux

4836:

Hund, Wulf D.; Koller, Christian; and Zimmerman, Moshe (2011)

4722: 4720: 11989: 9492: 8414: 4663: 4661: 4142:"Science and political ideology: The example of Nazi Germany" 3748: 3313: 3139: 3065: 3064:– who are white European descendants of Dutch-speaking 2559:(Representation of the German Jews) announced the following: 1950:

was superior, and urged the preservation of its cultural and

1946:(translated into German in 1897). Gobineau proposed that the 1902: 1890: 1852: 1801: 1618: 1602: 1594: 1295: 5815: 4909:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, p. 26 2625:

Sinti and Roma about to be deported from the German town of

4717: 4678: 4676: 4380: 4224:

and other nineteenth century authors, promoted the idea of

4111: 3119: 1970:

Foundations of Human Hereditary Teaching and Racial Hygiene

1844: 1566: 4658: 4571: 4342:

The Edinburgh Companion to the Critical Medical Humanities

2474:

Between 1937 and 1938, new laws were implemented, and the

2221:

was observed throughout Germany. Only six days later, the

11321: 7334: 7273:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004. 7117:

Hitler's ethic: the Nazi pursuit of evolutionary progress

6262: 6143: 4386:

Common Roots: Holism Before and During the Interwar Years

2540: 2223:

Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service

2169: 2056:

Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring

7271:

From Racism to Genocide: Anthropology in the Third Reich

6437:"A Chinese in the German Wehrmacht | Shanghai 1937" 6294:, pp. 400–401. W.W. Norton & Company Inc., New York. 5860: 5858: 5385: 5360: 4907:

Studying the Jew: Scholarly Antisemitism in Nazi Germany

4673: 4524: 4522: 3172:. Ruppert sought assistance from the Turkish Embassy in 2827:("living space") to achieve German expansion eastwards ( 5439: 5437: 5422: 5187: 4939:"Powers of Life and Death": The Family: A World History 3056:, were to be classified as Aryans. The Nazis portrayed 2512: 2462:

Jewish prisoners are issued food on a building site at

2243:

or to the point that they were "illegally residing" in

2010:. After reading the book, Hitler called it "my Bible". 1843:. At the bottom of the racial scale of non-Aryans were 1650:

Historical origins of Nazi racial theories and policies

10010: 7052:

Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews

6969:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 6929:

Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World: With a New Preface

6869:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 6646: 6621: 6609: 6597: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6358: 5788:

Among the Berbers a Nordic strain shows itself clearly

5272:. GV Media Group Ltd. 16 February 2009. Archived from 4633: 3706: 6292:

Hitler's War Aims: the Establishment of the New Order

5855: 5744:"The Concept "Jew" in Nazi German "Race" Legislation" 5703: 5664: 5478: 5342:

Destined to Witness: Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany

5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 4962: 4546: 4519: 4007:

The Politics of Fertility in Twentieth-Century Berlin

3732:

During the occupation of Poland, the Nazi government

3138:

in Berlin, the Nazis responded to questions from the

2853:

Nazi ideology viewed the Slavic peoples as non-Aryan

2511:

ordered retaliation. On the night of November 9, the

2062:

and other theorists of "racial hygiene"—established "

2006:

and proposed using a eugenic program to preserve the

1819:

valuable", if the individual passed they would be re-

6670: 6473:. In Blake, Robert B.; Louis, William Roger (eds.). 6297: 5544:

Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany

5434: 5153:

The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945

5022: 5010: 4998: 4986: 4974: 4534: 3872:

Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen

2164:. German woes were attributed to the effects of the 2106:" (children of mixed German and African parentage). 6468: 6355: 6168:(Children of Nazis bring Norway before the Courts) 5834: 5369:

Hitler's Table Talk 1941–1944: Secret Conversations

5327:Samples, S., "African Germans in the Third Reich", 5175: 4730:. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, Inc, 2007. p. 117. 4693: 4691: 4578:(First ed.). Polonia Pub. House. p. 219. 4242:"The Politics of Holism, Ecology, and Human Rights" 3576:most famous of these Han Chinese Nazi soldiers was 3343:. The colonial department in Berlin under Minister 2844:, Hitler expressed his future plans for the Slavs: 2797:

Policies regarding Poles, Russians, and other Slavs

2442:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

7168:, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2002, 514pp, 7028: 6862: 6857: 6664: 6630:The Nazi Germany Sourcebook: An Anthology of Texts 6409:"That One Time the Nazis Helped China Fight Japan" 6317: 6315: 5920:. Yale University Press. pp. 17–18, 151–152. 5541: 5247: 5211: 5205: 5102: 4803: 4791: 4733: 4639: 4396:, in 1918, had famously analysed as a widely felt 4220:which, in the wake of the writings of philosopher 2553:After the promulgation of the Nuremberg Laws, the 2426:pointed out this important judicial aspect of the 12040:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 7259:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988. 6890:Europe at War: 1939-1945 : No Simple Victory 6627: 5704:Müller, R. Ueberschar, Rolf-Dieter, Gerd (2009). 5665:Müller, R. Ueberschar, Rolf-Dieter, Gerd (2009). 5479:Müller, R. Ueberschar, Rolf-Dieter, Gerd (2009). 5082:. Princeton University Press. pp. 216, 231. 4858:Anti-Semitism and Schooling Under the Third Reich 4443:. Princeton: Oxford: Princeton University Press. 3584:, who studied military strategy and tactics at a 2549:Gymnastics lesson in a Berlin Jewish school, 1936 2287:1935 Chart from Nazi Germany used to explain the 12132: 11063:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP) 7071:The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia 6628:Stackelberg, Roderick; Winkle, Sally A. (2013). 5575: 5571: 5569: 5539: 5367:H. R. Trevor-Roper; Gerhard L. Weinberg (2013). 4688: 4610: 4608: 4135: 4133: 3992:Hitler's Home Front: Wurttemberg Under the Nazis 3502:" and the "Herrenvolk of the Orient" (i.e. the " 2391:Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor 1705:Influences and inspirations from American racism 10616:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews 9785:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare 6312: 5669:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 243, 244. 5636: 5634: 5115: 5113: 5111: 4937:Maynes, Mary Jo., and Ann Beth. Waltner (2012) 4889:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 68 3637:, believed that the noble castes in Japan, the 3429:, a rival Chinese state that was formed by the 3359:, or local national administration. As Germany 3339:to administer the conquered territories of the 2985: 2436:(1951), where she demonstrated that to violate 2276:", which was made official at the January 1942 1642:and the German state was organized through the 8380:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands 6558: 6554: 6552: 5949:Nicosia, Francis R.; Ergene, Boğaç A. (2018). 4824:The Race Gallery: The Return of Racial Science 3781:Anti-Jewish legislation in prewar Nazi Germany 3694:Then in October 1933, German Foreign Minister 3677:Chinese nationals faced prosecution in Germany 3527:as part of their combat training. Since 1926, 2807:German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war 2765:describes his experience as a half-African in 1901:moved south and joined with the Italians; the 1516:was a set of policies and laws implemented in 1261:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands 11337: 10298: 10145:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law 8633: 7350: 7203:, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, 616pp, 7054:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. 5948: 5566: 5533: 5266:"The forgotten black victims of Nazi Germany" 4640:Gellately, Robert; Stoltzfus, Nathan (2001). 4605: 4199:does, however, not mean that all sciences in 4130: 2114:Racial policies regarding the Jews, 1933–1939 1943:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 1754:and Northern European peoples, including the 1493: 964:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 11073:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) 8561: 8552: 8399:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark 8041: 8032: 8021: 7965: 7956: 7840: 7831: 7812: 7803: 7777: 7746: 7585: 7576: 7537: 7513: 7472: 7462: 7448: 7399: 7390: 7381: 6803: 6449: 6071: 5728:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5689:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5631: 5503:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5347: 5108: 5077: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4002: 4000: 3982:, Vojtěch Mastný, Columbia University Press 3717:Nazi policy stressed the superiority of the 2733:Of particular concern to the Nazi scientist 2674:A young Rhinelander who was classified as a 2148:antisemitic views to gain votes. Using the " 1412: 1403: 1280:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark 1151: 1142: 1114: 1050: 1038: 1026: 1014: 1002: 735: 726: 715: 659: 650: 532: 523: 504: 495: 469: 438: 277: 268: 229: 205: 167: 157: 143: 94: 85: 76: 9844:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust 6784: 6567:; Kosuge, Margaret; Kibata, Yōichi (eds.). 6549: 6462: 5828: 5403: 4644:. Princeton University Press. p. 106. 3539:to assist the Chinese, most notably in the 3388: 2666:Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany 2583:is the agency competent to undertake this. 1552:and extermination of those who they saw as 1532:asserting the superiority of the putative " 11344: 11330: 10584:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death 10305: 10291: 8640: 8626: 7357: 7343: 6907: 6720:); probably further copy-editing required. 5876: 5391: 5040: 4321:1945 Preamble of the United Nation Charter 4027: 1940:, who published a four-volume work titled 1500: 1486: 12010:Interminority racism in the United States 8369:German National Movement in Liechtenstein 7049: 6912:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 6824:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790556.003.0002 6822: 6743:Learn how and when to remove this message 6204: 6048:. Harvard University Press. p. 128. 5708:. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 245. 5483:. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 245. 5428: 5397: 4682: 4619:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 180. 4614: 4558: 4466:"How the Nazis Were Inspired by Jim Crow" 4171: 4161: 4139: 3997: 3973: 3580:, the son of Republic of China President 3531:. Germany had also sent advisers such as 3112:Ferdowsi millennial celebration in Berlin 2911:Cover of the racist propaganda brochure " 2361:Learn how and when to remove this message 1961:The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century 1621:") in a racial hierarchy that placed the 1250:German National Movement in Liechtenstein 974:The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century 7257:Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis 6477:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 275. 6324:, Trevor Ravenscroft, p. 229, June 1982. 6021:. Harvard University Press. p. 57. 5119: 4482: 4359:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0003 3970:, by André Mineau, (Rodopi, 2004) p. 180 3751:, the minority Slav community living in 3592:, and subsequently achieved the rank of 3464: 3456: 3448: 3417: 3411:meeting with Empire of Japan ambassador 3403: 3392: 3304:" clinics ("Fountain of Life" clinics). 3007: 2906: 2882: 2771: 2703: 2669: 2620: 2544: 2519:conducted "the Night of Broken Glass" (" 2457: 2291:. The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 employed a 2282: 2117: 2029: 1773:The feeling that Germans were the Aryan 1723: 1657:himself along with other members of the 29: 7311:Nazi Racial Laws in the German original 7306:Nazi Racial Laws in English translation 7111: 6615: 6603: 6525: 6384:The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler 6227: 6112: 6014: 5909: 5796:The racial elements of European History 5640: 4941:Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 103 4438: 2717:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 27:Set of laws implemented in Nazi Germany 14: 12133: 12082:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 7220:, New York : HarperCollins, 1997 7087: 6964: 6883: 6652: 6591: 6450:Adolf Hitler (1925). "The World War". 6382:Hitler, Adolf (February – April 1945) 6259:"Sota vei Suoman natsien äitiyskotiin" 6256: 6010: 6008: 6006: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5317:. Anne Frank House. 28 September 2018. 4968: 4667: 4552: 4540: 4528: 4463: 4334: 2815:As early as 1925, Hitler suggested in 2633:Nazi Germany began persecution of the 2569:"Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden" 2541:Jewish responses to the Nuremberg Laws 2399:or racial pollution. After this, the " 2204:Jewish blood. Those of mixed descent ( 11325: 10286: 10009: 9830: 9461: 8952: 8951: 8621: 7338: 7133: 7068: 6983: 6676: 6284: 6180: 6067: 6065: 6041: 5443: 5148: 5052: 5028: 5016: 5004: 4992: 4980: 4434: 4432: 4379:. Bookshelf ID:NBK379258 – via 4239: 4196:Nazi anti-Semitic and racist ideology 3476:officer candidate in the Nazi German 3445:, meeting with Nazi diplomats in 1941 3361:invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 3335:In 1941 Nazi Germany established the 2803:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation 2154:hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 2013:Racist author and Nordic supremacist 1731:conducting anthropometric studies in 1530:pseudoscientific and racist doctrines 12105: 9432:Reich Association of Jews in Germany 8386:National Socialist Movement of Chile 7287:. Cambridge University Press, 1989. 7094:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich 7026: 7007: 6945: 6926: 6685: 6532:The Activities of Dr. Ernst Schaefer 6338:"How Did East Asians Become Yellow?" 5913: 5864: 5840: 5217: 5193: 5181: 4821: 4809: 3801:Antisemitism in 21st century Germany 3154: 2556:Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden 2343:adding citations to reliable sources 2314: 1964:(1900), one of the first to combine 1558:("sub-humans"), which culminated in 1267:National Socialist Movement of Chile 11495:Discrimination based on nationality 10602:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 10237:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust 7119:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 7031:The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies 6865:The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945 6762: 6003: 5978: 5886: 5706:Hitler's war in the East, 1941–1945 5667:Hitler's war in the East, 1941–1945 5626:"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich 5548:. Oxford University Press. p. 5523:Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection 5481:Hitler's war in the East, 1941–1945 5157:. Oxford University Press. p. 4797: 4739: 3727:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 3707:Germanization between 1939 and 1945 3261: 1635:("people's community") at the top. 984:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 24: 11083:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) 9831: 8425:World Union of National Socialists 7547:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality 7451:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte 7154: 7097:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 6950:. Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc. 6712:inconsistent citation style (e.g. 6508:"Mein Kampf – Volume I, Chapter V" 6062: 5917:Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World 5331:, Carol Aisha Blackshire-Belay ed. 4429: 4194:Although in their basic framework 3607:as early as 1904, when during the 3179:Nazi Party Office of Racial Policy 2872:, was divided into two parts: the 2533:, from which they were shipped to 2497:attacked and shot German diplomat 1873:theorists believed that Germany's 1306:World Union of National Socialists 239:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality 146:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte 25: 18:Racial policies of the Third Reich 12207: 8647: 8464:Last surviving war crime suspects 7299: 7138:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 6807:The Waffen-SS: A European History 5783:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 5540:Robert Gellately (8 March 2001). 4617:A Concise History of Nazi Germany 4464:Little, Becky (August 16, 2017). 4080:When Hans Shemm in 1935 declared 3041:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 2610: 2304: 2219:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses 1344:Last surviving war crime suspects 1064:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 12114: 12104: 12095: 12094: 10637:White genocide conspiracy theory 10312: 9800:Polish leaders and intellectuals 9290:Concentration Camps Inspectorate 8604: 8603: 8454:Nazi Party leaders and officials 6690: 6594:, pp. 9–10, 36–38, 101–105. 6537: 6500: 6491: 6443: 6429: 6415: 6401: 6389: 6376: 6275: 6250: 6221: 6174: 6155: 5580:. Clarendon Press. p. 224. 5080:Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany 4642:Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany 3747:Germanization also affected the 2939:Heinrich Himmler, in his secret 2319: 2190:Jewish blood as defining a Jew; 2020:Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes 1466: 1455: 1454: 1334:Nazi Party leaders and officials 1017:Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes 60: 12156:Anti-Polish sentiment in Europe 12115: 10881:Institute for Historical Review 10801:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862) 10531:International Jewish conspiracy 10428: 8576:Political views of Adolf Hitler 7035:. Oxford University Press USA. 6861:; Wippermann, Wolfgang (1991). 6755: 6184:Scandinavian Journal of History 6137: 6103: 6094: 6045:Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination 6035: 5969: 5942: 5846: 5801: 5762: 5736: 5697: 5658: 5649: 5618: 5602:Nazi Ideology and the Holocaust 5594: 5511: 5472: 5449: 5334: 5321: 5303: 5288: 5235: 5223: 5142: 5071: 5046: 4944: 4931: 4919: 4899: 4879: 4870: 4850: 4830: 4815: 4778: 4768: 4758: 4745: 4708: 4495: 4476: 4457: 3679:. Influential Nazi anti-Semite 3307: 2915:" published and distributed by 2868:, essentially a grand plan for 2659: 2330:needs additional citations for 1427:Political views of Adolf Hitler 1171:Religious views of Adolf Hitler 12171:Historical definitions of race 12000:Go back to where you came from 9728:Attack on the twentieth convoy 9541:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland 8469:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler 7073:. W. W. Norton & Company. 6665:Burleigh & Wippermann 1991 6231:Holocaust and Genocide Studies 5955:. Berghahn Books. p. 68. 5525:. January 1942. Archived from 5311:"Black people in Nazi Germany" 5206:Burleigh & Wippermann 1991 5103:Burleigh & Wippermann 1991 4328: 4233: 4206:expulsion of Jewish scientists 4146:Mètode Science Studies Journal 4021: 4012: 3985: 3635:Japanese Ambassador to Germany 3132:Nazi Office of Racial Politics 2821:that the German people needed 2586:The most urgent tasks for the 2433:The Origins of Totalitarianism 2389:; on September 15, 1935, the " 2225:was passed, banning Jews from 2034:Propaganda for Nazi Germany's 1812:collaborated with Nazi Germany 1681:regarding the constitution of 1349:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler 13: 1: 11078:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) 10806:Racial policy of Nazi Germany 10784:Beilis trial (Russian Empire) 10754:Pogroms in the Russian Empire 8410:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa) 6993:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap. 6785:Asgharzadeh, Ailreza (2007). 6306:Hitler's Table Talk 1941–1944 6197:10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774 5406:Hitler: Profile of a Dictator 5371:. Enigma Books. p. 466. 5329:The African German Experience 4860:. New York: Routledge. p. 14 4786:The Coming of the Third Reich 4753:The Coming of the Third Reich 4728:Hitler: The Pathology of Evil 4615:Bendersky, Joseph W. (2013). 3954: 3831:Consequences of German Nazism 3377:Eastern Front of World War II 3281: 2451:has often been attributed to 2412:allowed the Nazis to exclude— 1999:The Passing of the Great Race 1514:racial policy of Nazi Germany 1291:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa) 994:The Passing of the Great Race 11058:Anti-Defamation League (ADL) 10764:1968 Polish political crisis 10065:Jewish war conspiracy theory 9256:Extermination through labour 8444:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler 7697:Aestheticization of politics 6965:Hutton, Christopher (2005). 6257:Kerola, Päivi (2018-04-22). 6018:Islam and Nazi Germany's War 4575:Poland Under Nazi Occupation 4335:Scheid, Volker (June 2016). 3509:In 1945, Adolf Hitler said: 3365:participated in the invasion 3270:, Turkic speakers following 2842:invasion of the Soviet Union 2602:language. The education and 2464:Salaspils concentration camp 2268:Nazi doctrine culminated in 2152:", they blamed poverty, the 2072:Congenital Mental Deficiency 1929:; and other tribes made the 1324:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler 389:Aestheticization of politics 7: 10828:Night of the Murdered Poets 10247:Righteous Among the Nations 9462: 8933:Righteous Among the Nations 8391:National Socialist Movement 8359:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary) 7185:, New York: F. Watts, 1982 7134:Wendt, Anton Weiss (2010). 7012:. Oxford University Press. 6710:. The specific problem is: 6544:The Swastika and the Nazi's 6395:"Business: Kung's Credits" 6303:Trevor-Roper, H.R. (2000). 3766: 3701:prohibited the German press 3629:, mentioned how his friend 3075: 1956:Houston Stewart Chamberlain 1540:. This was combined with a 1272:National Socialist Movement 1240:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary) 1005:Preussentum und Sozialismus 10: 12212: 12181:Jewish Nazi German history 11351: 10823:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign 10794:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq) 10769:Jewish Anti-Zionist League 10734:Antisemitic laws, policies 10590:On the Jews and Their Lies 9984:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police 9954:Lithuanian Security Police 9873:Reich Security Main Office 8840:Evidence and documentation 8405:Nordic Resistance Movement 7504:National Socialist Program 7364: 7183:A History Of The Holocaust 6770:. Henry Holt and Company. 6632:. Routledge. p. 271. 5809:"Gypsies in the Holocaust" 4905:Steinweis, Alan E. (2006) 4784:Evans, Richard J. (2003). 4751:Evans, Richard J. (2003). 4439:Whitman, James Q. (2017). 4351:Edinburgh University Press 4042:Princeton University Press 3710: 3663:of the Orient" (i.e. the " 3533:Alexander von Falkenhausen 3439:Republic of China (Taiwan) 3398:Republic of China (Taiwan) 3337:Reichskommissariat Ostland 3034:origins, but according to 2989: 2970:Reich Security Main Office 2800: 2663: 2614: 2577:Reichsvertretung der Juden 2537:where they were murdered. 2308: 2126:'s anti-Semitic newspaper 1781:Reichskommissar of Ukraine 1717: 1286:Nordic Resistance Movement 196:National Socialist Program 12090: 11967: 11800: 11568: 11470: 11359: 11101: 11046: 10927: 10861: 10732: 10650: 10503: 10450: 10320: 10200:Books and other resources 10187: 10103: 10032: 10028: 10005: 9939: 9911: 9852: 9839: 9826: 9765: 9713: 9666: 9603: 9573: 9511: 9483: 9474: 9470: 9457: 9415: 9374: 9326: 9312: 9274: 9233: 9133: 9090: 8968: 8964: 8947: 8863: 8832: 8732:Bulgarian-occupied Greece 8659: 8655: 8601: 8509: 8483: 8435: 8374:Nasjonal Samling (Norway) 8303: 8260: 8175: 8055: 7686: 7488: 7372: 7050:Longerich, Peter (2010). 6948:Iran Under the Ayatollahs 6931:. Yale University Press. 6908:Ehrenreich, Eric (2007). 6789:. Palgrave Macmillan US. 6569:Japanese Prisoners of War 5576:Robert Gellately (1990). 5408:. Routledge. p. 74. 5232:, volume 1, chapter XIII. 5122:Who's Who in Nazi Germany 5120:Wistrich, Robert (2002). 5057:. McFarland. p. 13. 5053:Brown, Kellie D. (2020). 4266:10.4159/9780674020221-008 4214:eugenics and race-hygiene 4102:tropes that spoke of the 4050:10.1515/9780691218083-009 4028:Harrington, Anne (2021). 3603:Hitler had supported the 3443:President Chiang Kai-shek 2080:Manic-Depressive Insanity 1855:and other Slavic people, 1800:The Nazis considered the 1638:The racial policy of the 1255:Nasjonal Samling (Norway) 1110:German Evangelical Church 11068:Community Security Trust 10942:Black Death persecutions 9790:People with disabilities 9723:Aid and Rescue Committee 8276:Nazi concentration camps 7794:Economic interventionism 7756:Jewish conspiracy theory 7557:Night of the Long Knives 7533:Religion in Nazi Germany 6469:O'Neill, Robert (1993). 6309:. New York: Enigma Books 5991:Iran and the Aryan myth. 5852:Lenczowski. 1944, p. 161 4885:Oisteanu, Andrei (2009) 4258:Harvard University Press 4250:Cambridge, Massachusetts 3545:anti-communist campaigns 3389:Han Chinese and Japanese 3159: 2527:Nazi concentration camps 2162:conspiracy with the Jews 2068:compulsory sterilization 1865:compulsory sterilization 1795:Erich Koch, 5 March 1943 1550:compulsory sterilization 486:Economic interventionism 448:Jewish conspiracy theory 249:Night of the Long Knives 225:Religion in Nazi Germany 12176:Jewish Austrian history 12166:Antiziganism in Germany 12030:Psychometrics of racism 11480:Anti-miscegenation laws 11274:Palestinian Territories 10779:Dreyfus Affair (France) 9931:Order Police battalions 8420:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia) 7244:London: Batsford, 1987 7069:Overy, Richard (2004). 6815:Oxford University Press 6559:Furuya, Harumi (2000). 6015:Motadel, David (2014). 5244:, volume 1, chapter XI. 4856:Wegner, Gregory (2002) 4838:Racisms Made in Germany 4703:The Holocaust: A Reader 4483:Bradsher, Greg (2010). 4441:Hitler's American Model 4163:10.7203/metode.10.13657 4154:Universitat de València 4140:Deichmann, Ute (2020). 3893:Office of Racial Policy 3427:Wang Jingwei Government 3357:Landeseigene Verwaltung 3000:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps 2888:Mass expulsion of Poles 2507:" on October 28, 1938. 2293:pseudo-scientific basis 2150:stab-in-the-back legend 2044:Office of Racial Policy 1667:ecological anthropology 1644:Office of Racial Policy 1301:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia) 12161:Anti-Serbian sentiment 11995:Ethnic plastic surgery 11490:Biological determinism 11088:Stephen Roth Institute 10736:and government actions 10675:Portuguese Inquisition 10652:Religious antisemitism 10526:Double genocide theory 10412:Secondary antisemitism 10348:Religious antisemitism 9780:Soviet urban residents 8871:International response 8845:Contemporary knowledge 8562: 8553: 8042: 8033: 8022: 7997:Social interventionism 7966: 7957: 7841: 7832: 7827:Greater Germanic Reich 7813: 7804: 7778: 7747: 7586: 7577: 7538: 7514: 7509:Hitler's rise to power 7473: 7463: 7449: 7414:League of German Girls 7400: 7391: 7382: 7027:Lewy, Guenter (2000). 6927:Herf, Jeffrey (2011). 6042:Ihrig, Stefan (2014). 5989:Motadel, David (2014) 5914:Herf, Jeffrey (2009). 5043:, pp. 1, 165–167. 4956:encyclopedia.ushmm.org 4826:. Vintage. p. 48. 4507:encyclopedia.ushmm.org 4222:Johann Gottlieb Fichte 3856:Kaiser Wilhelm Society 3841:Greater Germanic Reich 3796:Antisemitism in Europe 3696:Konstantin von Neurath 3691:, opposed the change. 3517: 3487: 3462: 3454: 3446: 3415: 3401: 3386: 3353:Karl-Siegmund Litzmann 3231: 3023: 2920: 2891: 2851: 2793: 2712: 2683: 2654: 2630: 2608: 2550: 2467: 2301: 2217:On April 1, 1933, the 2140:Approximately 525,000 2137: 2051: 2036:T-4 Euthanasia Program 1798: 1735: 1691:Johann Gottlieb Fichte 1413: 1404: 1152: 1143: 1115: 1051: 1039: 1027: 1015: 1003: 736: 727: 716: 691:Social interventionism 660: 651: 533: 524: 519:Greater Germanic Reich 505: 496: 470: 439: 278: 269: 230: 206: 201:Hitler's rise to power 168: 158: 144: 109:League of German Girls 95: 86: 77: 42: 12151:Anti-Slavic sentiment 11915:In Jewish communities 11893:Hispanic & Latino 11048:Organizations working 10608:Contemporary imprints 10537:The International Jew 10407:Rootless cosmopolitan 10227:Memorials and museums 10165:Reparations Agreement 10160:Holocaust restitution 9738:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon 9261:Human experimentation 9100:Auschwitz II-Birkenau 8291:Human experimentation 7987:Reactionary modernism 7932:Anti-Slavic sentiment 7661:Human experimentation 7393:Geheime Staatspolizei 7269:Schafft, Gretchen E. 7197:Browning, Christopher 7008:Kühl, Stefan (2002). 6290:Rich, Norman (1974). 6072:Jeffrey Herf (2008). 5299:Vol. II, chapter XIII 4422:vitalist philosophies 4240:Anker, Peder (2021). 4038:Princeton, New Jersey 3908:Racial discrimination 3806:Anti-Slavic sentiment 3786:Anti-Romani sentiment 3511: 3468: 3460: 3452: 3421: 3407: 3396: 3381: 3226: 3170:Reich Citizenship Law 3097:Nuremberg Racial Laws 3011: 2923:The Nazis issued the 2910: 2886: 2862:The final version of 2846: 2775: 2707: 2682:under the Nazi regime 2673: 2646: 2624: 2561: 2548: 2461: 2401:Reich Citizenship Law 2286: 2241:second-class citizens 2121: 2064:Genetic Health Courts 2033: 1788: 1727: 1589:originating from the 1573:were emphasized as a 1538:scientific legitimacy 1166:Positive Christianity 1126:German Faith Movement 681:Reactionary modernism 626:Anti-Slavic sentiment 356:Human experimentation 88:Geheime Staatspolizei 33: 12005:Herrenvolk democracy 11050:against antisemitism 10996:Martyrdom in Judaism 10862:Antisemitic websites 10774:Leo Frank trial (US) 10670:Catholic Inquisition 10642:Zionist antisemitism 10358:Antisemitism studies 9427:Jewish Ghetto Police 9296:Politische Abteilung 9191:Risiera di San Sabba 9052:Natzweiler-Struthof 8364:German American Bund 7707:Anti-intellectualism 7552:Enabling Act of 1933 6946:Hiro, Dilip (1987). 6725:improve this section 6706:to meet Knowledge's 6425:. 28 September 2016. 6148:Norway's Nazi legacy 5529:on 26 November 2020. 5404:David Welch (2013). 5340:Massaquoi, Hans J., 5149:Yahil, Leni (1998). 4822:Kohn, Marek (1996). 4788:. New York, p. 33–34 4670:, pp. 167, 209. 4485:"The Nuremberg Laws" 3883:Nazi racial theories 3689:Racial Policy Office 3203:. Turkish newspaper 3183:Nazi racial theories 3136:Summer Olympic Games 3091:result, in 1936 the 3038:'s racial theories ( 2948:Operation Barbarossa 2946:After the launch of 2447:The drafting of the 2339:improve this article 2166:Treaty of Versailles 2092:Hereditary Blindness 1720:Nazi racial theories 1699:Völkisch nationalism 1245:German American Bund 1053:Hitlers Zweites Buch 399:Anti-intellectualism 244:Enabling Act of 1933 12186:Law of Nazi Germany 12025:Perpetual foreigner 11026:Spanish Inquisition 10937:Rhineland massacres 10692:Rhineland massacres 10685:Spanish Inquisition 10417:Stereotypes of Jews 10402:Racial antisemitism 10353:Persecution of Jews 10205:Days of remembrance 10118:Holocaust survivors 10113:Depopulated shtetls 9964:Rollkommando Hamann 9810:Jehovah's Witnesses 9628:Kamianets-Podilskyi 8690:Bohemia and Moravia 8484:Role and impact in 8354:American Nazi Party 7768:Cult of personality 7737:Class collaboration 7646:Extermination camps 7631:Concentration camps 7572:Anti-Comintern Pact 6990:The Nazi Conscience 6667:, pp. 131–135. 6146:, 4 February 2003, 5276:on 23 February 2009 5196:, pp. 49, 137. 4323:about human rights. 4302:Jan Christian Smuts 4095:National Socialists 3560:Minister of Finance 3369:Moscow Peace Treaty 3048:, particularly the 2996:Free Arabian Legion 2604:vocational training 2096:Hereditary Deafness 2084:Hereditary Epilepsy 2066:" which decided on 1591:Indian subcontinent 1235:American Nazi Party 460:Cult of personality 429:Class collaboration 341:Extermination camps 326:Concentration camps 264:Anti-Comintern Pact 48:Part of a series on 12055:Racial integration 12035:Race and sexuality 11840:Japanese Americans 11560:Racial segregation 11550:Racial nationalism 11245:Conservative Party 11006:Pale of Settlement 10516:Christian Identity 10490:Soviet mathematics 10395:Working definition 10188:History and memory 10092:Forced euthanasia 10040:Nazi racial policy 9743:Danish underground 9590:Operation Reinhard 9585:Wannsee Conference 8571:German Romanticism 8459:Nazi Party members 8281:Extermination camp 7676:Racial segregation 7402:Deutsches Jungvolk 7089:Shirer, William L. 6244:10.1093/hgs/dcp041 4697:Simone Gigliotti, 4306:racial suppression 4082:National Socialism 4018:Ihrig, pp. 90–135. 3913:Racial segregation 3723:General Government 3647:Atlantic continent 3609:Russo-Japanese War 3521:Aryans of the East 3500:Aryans of the East 3488: 3463: 3455: 3447: 3416: 3402: 3125:Russo-Persian Wars 3108:non-Persian groups 3024: 2986:Other "non-Aryans" 2921: 2892: 2794: 2739:Rhineland Bastards 2713: 2684: 2680:hereditarily unfit 2638:be racially pure. 2631: 2588:"Reichsvertretung" 2551: 2495:Herschel Grynszpan 2468: 2466:, Latvia, in 1941. 2302: 2278:Wannsee Conference 2158:November Criminals 2138: 2122:Public reading of 2104:Rhineland bastards 2090:" (Huntington's), 2052: 2040:ℛ︁ℳ︁ 2015:Hans F. K. Günther 1938:Arthur de Gobineau 1736: 1687:German nationalist 1571:Nazi racial theory 1473:Germany portal 1422:German Romanticism 1339:Nazi Party members 1188:Outside of Germany 371:Racial segregation 97:Deutsches Jungvolk 43: 12146:1940s in politics 12141:1930s in politics 12128: 12127: 11876:African Americans 11823:Chinese Americans 11520:Ethnic stereotype 11319: 11318: 10962:Ghettos in Europe 10875:The Daily Stormer 10680:Roman Inquisition 10543:Jewish Bolshevism 10280: 10279: 10276: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10123:Sh'erit ha-Pletah 10070:Jewish emigration 10060:Hitler's prophecy 10055:Haavara Agreement 10001: 10000: 9997: 9996: 9989:Ypatingasis būrys 9886:Sicherheitsdienst 9822: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9761: 9760: 9681:Bielski partisans 9453: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9445: 9444: 9284:Totenkopfverbände 8943: 8942: 8615: 8614: 8156:Strasser (Gregor) 8035:Volksgemeinschaft 7980:Völkisch movement 7975:Völkisch equality 7562:Nuremberg rallies 7523:German rearmament 7283:Weindling, Paul. 7279:978-0-25207-453-0 7255:Proctor, Robert. 7214:Friedländer, Saul 7174:978-0-297-84278-1 7126:978-0-230-11273-5 7104:978-0-671-62420-0 7061:978-0-19-280436-5 6976:978-0-74563-177-6 6919:978-0-253-34945-3 6900:978-0-333-69285-1 6859:Burleigh, Michael 6753: 6752: 6745: 6708:quality standards 6699:This section may 6639:978-1-134-59693-5 6081:Boston University 6055:978-0-674-36837-8 6028:978-0-674-74495-0 5962:978-1-78533-785-7 5927:978-0-300-14579-3 5867:, pp. 18–24. 5831:, pp. 91–94. 5792:Hans F.K. Günther 5715:978-1-84545-501-9 5676:978-1-84545-501-9 5611:978-0-89604-712-9 5587:978-0-19-820297-4 5559:978-0-19-160452-2 5519:"Der Untermensch" 5490:978-1-84545-501-9 5415:978-1-136-40156-5 5378:978-1-936274-93-2 5064:978-1-4766-7056-0 4840:LT Verlag. p. 19 4651:978-0-691-08684-2 4626:978-1-4422-2270-0 4290:John William Bews 3933:White nationalism 3928:Racism in Germany 3811:Aryan certificate 3667:of the Orient"). 3557:Republic of China 3541:Chinese Civil War 3506:of the Orient"). 3435:puppet government 3187:Jewish background 3155:Turks and Turkics 2966:Judeo-Bolsheivism 2964:" to annihilate " 2489:The increasingly 2420:Volksgemeinschaft 2371: 2370: 2363: 2253:Haavara Agreement 2236:Volksgemeinschaft 2172:as opposed to an 2088:Hereditary Chorea 2002:(1916) advocated 1671:scientific racism 1632:Volksgemeinschaft 1587:Indo-Aryan people 1536:", which claimed 1510: 1509: 1131:Germanic paganism 1117:Deutsche Christen 850:Strasser (Gregor) 729:Volksgemeinschaft 674:Völkisch movement 669:Völkisch equality 254:Nuremberg rallies 215:German rearmament 16:(Redirected from 12203: 12118: 12117: 12108: 12107: 12098: 12097: 11952:Racial supremacy 11910:Jewish Americans 11888:Native Americans 11857:Zainichi Koreans 11845:Japanese Koreans 11828:Zainichi Chinese 11801:Racism by target 11578:Global apartheid 11570:Racism by region 11555:Racial profiling 11545:Racial hierarchy 11346: 11339: 11332: 11323: 11322: 10843:Holocaust denial 10712:Host desecration 10521:Cultural Marxism 10451:Antisemitism and 10430: 10385:New antisemitism 10307: 10300: 10293: 10284: 10283: 10172:Holocaust denial 10150:Nuremberg trials 10140:Postwar violence 10095: 10030: 10029: 10007: 10006: 9969:Special Brigades 9959:Nederlandsche SS 9926:Police Regiments 9850: 9849: 9828: 9827: 9688:Ghetto uprisings 9676:Jewish partisans 9623:Harvest Festival 9595:Holocaust trains 9481: 9480: 9472: 9471: 9459: 9458: 9324: 9323: 9220: 9198: 9180: 9161: 9143: 8966: 8965: 8949: 8948: 8657: 8656: 8642: 8635: 8628: 8619: 8618: 8607: 8606: 8567: 8558: 8555:Drang nach Osten 8400: 8381: 8251:von Sebottendorf 8047: 8038: 8027: 8007:State capitalism 7992:Social Darwinism 7971: 7962: 7846: 7837: 7818: 7809: 7783: 7752: 7749:Dolchstoßlegende 7722:Authoritarianism 7615:Nuremberg trials 7591: 7582: 7543: 7519: 7478: 7468: 7454: 7405: 7396: 7387: 7359: 7352: 7345: 7336: 7335: 7331: 7329: 7328: 7319:. 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1796: 1675:holistic science 1544:that aimed for " 1542:eugenics program 1502: 1495: 1488: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1458: 1457: 1418: 1409: 1406:Drang nach Osten 1281: 1262: 1157: 1148: 1120: 1069: 1059: 1056: 1047: 1044: 1035: 1032: 1029:Das Dritte Reich 1023: 1020: 1011: 1008: 999: 989: 979: 969: 945:von Sebottendorf 741: 732: 721: 701:State capitalism 686:Social Darwinism 665: 656: 538: 529: 510: 501: 475: 444: 441:Dolchstoßlegende 414:Authoritarianism 307:Nuremberg trials 283: 274: 235: 211: 173: 163: 149: 100: 91: 82: 64: 45: 44: 21: 12211: 12210: 12206: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12201: 12200: 12131: 12130: 12129: 12124: 12086: 12065:Racism in sport 11963: 11957:White supremacy 11796: 11564: 11500:Ethnic conflict 11472: 11466: 11360:Types of racism 11355: 11350: 11320: 11315: 11097: 11051: 11049: 11042: 10923: 10912:The Right Stuff 10869:Bible Believers 10857: 10737: 10735: 10728: 10646: 10622:Self-hating Jew 10499: 10480:Nation of Islam 10446: 10316: 10311: 10281: 10268: 10183: 10099: 10093: 10082:Madagascar Plan 10075:Kindertransport 10024: 10023: 9993: 9935: 9907: 9892:Ordnungspolizei 9848: 9835: 9814: 9757: 9709: 9662: 9633:Maly Trostenets 9604:Mass executions 9599: 9569: 9507: 9466: 9441: 9411: 9370: 9308: 9270: 9229: 9218: 9196: 9178: 9159: 9141: 9129: 9086: 8960: 8939: 8859: 8850:Hidden children 8828: 8686:Czechoslovakia 8651: 8646: 8616: 8611: 8597: 8596: 8595: 8581:Racial theories 8564:Generalplan Ost 8511: 8505: 8485: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8449:Nazi ideologues 8431: 8430: 8429: 8398: 8393:(United States) 8392: 8379: 8305: 8299: 8296:Romani genocide 8263: 8256: 8255: 8254: 8171: 8170: 8169: 8161:Strasser (Otto) 8051: 8050: 8049: 8024:Gleichschaltung 8017:Totalitarianism 7904:One-party state 7712:Anti-liberalism 7682: 7681: 7680: 7605:Tripartite Pact 7516:Machtergreifung 7484: 7483: 7482: 7368: 7363: 7326: 7324: 7315: 7302: 7297: 7238:Peukert, Detlev 7157: 7155:Further reading 7152: 7146: 7127: 7105: 7081: 7062: 7043: 7020: 7001: 6977: 6958: 6939: 6920: 6901: 6877: 6835: 6797: 6778: 6758: 6749: 6738: 6732: 6729: 6722: 6717: 6713: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6651: 6647: 6640: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6602: 6598: 6590: 6586: 6579: 6557: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6530: 6526: 6517: 6515: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6492: 6485: 6467: 6463: 6448: 6444: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6411:. 22 June 2017. 6407: 6406: 6402: 6394: 6390: 6381: 6377: 6368: 6367: 6356: 6347: 6345: 6336: 6335: 6328: 6320: 6313: 6302: 6298: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6276: 6267: 6265: 6255: 6251: 6226: 6222: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6076: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6040: 6036: 6029: 6013: 6004: 5988: 5979: 5974: 5970: 5963: 5947: 5943: 5928: 5912: 5887: 5877:Ehrenreich 2007 5875: 5871: 5863: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5827: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5767: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5721: 5720: 5716: 5702: 5698: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5650: 5639: 5632: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5600: 5599: 5595: 5588: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5538: 5534: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5477: 5473: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5416: 5402: 5398: 5392:Ehrenreich 2007 5390: 5386: 5379: 5365: 5361: 5352: 5348: 5339: 5335: 5326: 5322: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5264: 5263: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5228: 5224: 5216: 5212: 5204: 5200: 5192: 5188: 5180: 5176: 5169: 5147: 5143: 5136: 5118: 5109: 5101: 5097: 5090: 5076: 5072: 5065: 5051: 5047: 5041:Ehrenreich 2007 5039: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4991: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4904: 4900: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4871: 4855: 4851: 4835: 4831: 4820: 4816: 4808: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4759: 4750: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4726:George Victor. 4725: 4718: 4713: 4709: 4696: 4689: 4681: 4674: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4613: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4593:on 9 April 2011 4590: 4570: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4539: 4535: 4527: 4520: 4511: 4509: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4481: 4477: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4437: 4430: 4369: 4345:. Vol. 1. 4333: 4329: 4310:white supremacy 4276: 4260:. p. 157. 4238: 4234: 4138: 4131: 4068:j.ctv14163kf.11 4060: 4044:. p. 175. 4026: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4005: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3948:Renordification 3938:White supremacy 3816:Aryan paragraph 3769: 3742:anthropometrics 3715: 3709: 3605:Empire of Japan 3582:Chiang Kai-shek 3568:Hjalmar Schacht 3553:Hsiang-hsi Kung 3537:Hans von Seeckt 3514: 3431:Empire of Japan 3391: 3310: 3284: 3272:Karaite Judaism 3264: 3240:Franz von Papen 3238:. For example, 3162: 3157: 3078: 3044:), some of the 3022:in France, 1943 3006: 3004:Indische Legion 2988: 2956:Nazi propaganda 2913:Der Untermensch 2865:Generalplan Ost 2813: 2811:Generalplan Ost 2799: 2786:Reichsführer-SS 2755:African Germans 2668: 2662: 2619: 2613: 2565:Jews in Germany 2543: 2509:Joseph Goebbels 2376:Gleichschaltung 2367: 2356: 2350: 2347: 2336: 2324: 2313: 2307: 2263:to emigrate to 2227:government jobs 2200: 2196: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2116: 1992:as a solution. 1825:Generalplan Ost 1797: 1794: 1722: 1716: 1707: 1683:complex systems 1663:Weimar Republic 1652: 1597:(mainly ethnic 1506: 1467: 1465: 1447: 1446: 1432:Racial theories 1415:Generalplan Ost 1367: 1359: 1358: 1329:Nazi ideologues 1319: 1311: 1310: 1279: 1274:(United States) 1273: 1260: 1189: 1181: 1180: 1105:Esoteric Nazism 1083: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1057: 1045: 1033: 1021: 1009: 997: 987: 977: 967: 958: 950: 949: 875: 865: 864: 855:Strasser (Otto) 755: 745: 744: 718:Gleichschaltung 711:Totalitarianism 596:One-party state 404:Anti-liberalism 384: 376: 375: 297:Tripartite Pact 208:Machtergreifung 186: 178: 177: 72: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12209: 12199: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12126: 12125: 12123: 12122: 12112: 12102: 12091: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12084: 12079: 12077:Reverse racism 12074: 12073: 12072: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12050:Racial figleaf 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11971: 11969: 11968:Related topics 11965: 11964: 11962: 11961: 11960: 11959: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11927:Middle Eastern 11924: 11919: 11918: 11917: 11912: 11902: 11901: 11900: 11890: 11885: 11884: 11883: 11878: 11868: 11867: 11866: 11861: 11860: 11859: 11849: 11848: 11847: 11842: 11832: 11831: 11830: 11825: 11810: 11804: 11802: 11798: 11797: 11795: 11794: 11793: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11772: 11771: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11750: 11749: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11723: 11722: 11721: 11719:United Kingdom 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11661: 11656: 11655: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11634: 11633: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11597: 11596: 11595: 11590: 11580: 11574: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11476: 11474: 11471:Manifestations 11468: 11467: 11465: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11363: 11361: 11357: 11356: 11349: 11348: 11341: 11334: 11326: 11317: 11316: 11314: 11313: 11308: 11307: 11306: 11301: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11255: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11247: 11240:United Kingdom 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11221: 11220: 11215: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11163: 11158: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11117: 11116: 11105: 11103: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11054: 11052: 11047: 11044: 11043: 11041: 11040: 11035: 11034: 11033: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 11001:Nuremberg Laws 10998: 10993: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10957:Jewish quarter 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10933: 10931: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10921: 10916: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10871: 10865: 10863: 10859: 10858: 10856: 10855: 10853:ZOG conspiracy 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10811:Final Solution 10803: 10798: 10797: 10796: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10744:Ghetto benches 10740: 10738: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10726: 10721: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10688: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10667: 10665:Jewish deicide 10662: 10656: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10612: 10611: 10610: 10598: 10593: 10586: 10581: 10580: 10579: 10574: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10551: 10550: 10540: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10507: 10505: 10504:Related topics 10501: 10500: 10498: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10466: 10465: 10454: 10452: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10444: 10443: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10392: 10382: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10324: 10322: 10318: 10317: 10310: 10309: 10302: 10295: 10287: 10278: 10277: 10274: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10266: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10184: 10182: 10181: 10180: 10179: 10177:trivialization 10169: 10168: 10167: 10157: 10155:Eichmann trial 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10136: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10115: 10109: 10107: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10097: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10078: 10077: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10050:Nuremberg Laws 10047: 10042: 10036: 10034: 10033:Early elements 10026: 10025: 10022: 10021: 10018: 10015: 10014:Early elements 10011: 10003: 10002: 9999: 9998: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9949:Arajs Kommando 9945: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9920:Einsatzgruppen 9915: 9913: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9870: 9862: 9856: 9854: 9847: 9846: 9840: 9837: 9836: 9833:Responsibility 9824: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9771: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9719: 9717: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9706: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9685: 9684: 9683: 9672: 9670: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9612:Einsatzgruppen 9607: 9605: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9581: 9579: 9576:Final Solution 9571: 9570: 9568: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9555: 9554: 9553: 9548: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9515: 9513: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9489: 9487: 9478: 9468: 9467: 9455: 9454: 9451: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9439: 9437:Ústredňa Židov 9434: 9429: 9423: 9421: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9409: 9404: 9402:Theresienstadt 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9378: 9376: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9332: 9330: 9321: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9306: 9299: 9292: 9287: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9241:Einsatzgruppen 9237: 9235: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9137: 9135: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9096: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9047:Mittelbau-Dora 9044: 9035: 9030: 9028:Kraków-Płaszów 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8974: 8972: 8962: 8961: 8945: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8918:Rescue of Jews 8915: 8914: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8867: 8865: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8836: 8834: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8826: 8825: 8824: 8819: 8811: 8810: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8753: 8752: 8741: 8736: 8735: 8734: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8663: 8661: 8653: 8652: 8645: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8622: 8613: 8612: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8594: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8559: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8538:Beefsteak Nazi 8535: 8534: 8533: 8528: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8487: 8486:German society 8481: 8480: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8432: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8388: 8383: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8342: 8337: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8286:Final Solution 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8266: 8264:and war crimes 8258: 8257: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8226:von Liebenfels 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8136:von Ribbentrop 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8048: 8039: 8030: 8029: 8028: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7983: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7963: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7864: 7859: 7857:Indoctrination 7854: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7838: 7834:Heim ins Reich 7829: 7819: 7810: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7785: 7784: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7753: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7727:Blood and soil 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7702:Anti-communism 7699: 7694: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7679: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7641:Doctors' Trial 7638: 7633: 7625:Final solution 7622: 7617: 7612: 7610:Denazification 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7583: 7574: 7569: 7567:Nuremberg Laws 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7499:Early timeline 7496: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7481: 7480: 7470: 7465:Sturmabteilung 7460: 7455: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7397: 7388: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7370: 7369: 7362: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7313: 7308: 7301: 7300:External links 7298: 7296: 7295: 7281: 7267: 7253: 7235: 7230:König, Malte. 7228: 7211: 7194: 7176: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7150: 7145:978-1443823685 7144: 7131: 7125: 7109: 7103: 7085: 7079: 7066: 7060: 7047: 7041: 7024: 7018: 7005: 6999: 6985:Koonz, Claudia 6981: 6975: 6962: 6956: 6943: 6938:978-0300168051 6937: 6924: 6918: 6905: 6899: 6885:Davies, Norman 6881: 6876:978-0521398022 6875: 6855: 6833: 6801: 6796:978-1349538850 6795: 6782: 6776: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6698: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6681: 6669: 6657: 6655:, p. 159. 6645: 6638: 6620: 6608: 6596: 6584: 6577: 6548: 6536: 6524: 6499: 6490: 6483: 6461: 6442: 6428: 6414: 6400: 6388: 6375: 6354: 6326: 6311: 6296: 6283: 6274: 6261:(in Finnish). 6249: 6238:(3): 413–440. 6220: 6173: 6154: 6136: 6111: 6102: 6093: 6061: 6054: 6034: 6027: 6002: 5977: 5968: 5961: 5941: 5926: 5885: 5869: 5854: 5845: 5843:, p. 296. 5833: 5814: 5800: 5761: 5750:on 11 May 2008 5735: 5714: 5696: 5675: 5657: 5648: 5630: 5624:Diemut Majer, 5617: 5610: 5593: 5586: 5565: 5558: 5532: 5510: 5489: 5471: 5448: 5446:, p. 543. 5433: 5429:Longerich 2010 5421: 5414: 5396: 5384: 5377: 5359: 5353:Adolf Hitler, 5346: 5333: 5320: 5302: 5294:Adolf Hitler, 5287: 5246: 5234: 5222: 5210: 5208:, p. 121. 5198: 5186: 5184:, p. 139. 5174: 5167: 5141: 5134: 5107: 5095: 5088: 5070: 5063: 5045: 5033: 5031:, p. 187. 5021: 5019:, p. 184. 5009: 5007:, p. 174. 4997: 4995:, p. 171. 4985: 4983:, p. 170. 4973: 4971:, p. 203. 4961: 4943: 4930: 4918: 4898: 4878: 4869: 4849: 4829: 4814: 4802: 4800:, p. 157. 4790: 4777: 4767: 4757: 4744: 4742:, p. 154. 4732: 4716: 4707: 4687: 4685:, p. 241. 4683:Longerich 2010 4672: 4657: 4650: 4632: 4625: 4604: 4557: 4555:, p. 939. 4545: 4533: 4531:, p. 167. 4518: 4494: 4475: 4456: 4449: 4428: 4414:Weimar Germany 4398:disenchantment 4390:interwar years 4367: 4327: 4274: 4232: 4129: 4088:, but for the 4058: 4020: 4011: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3846:Honorary Aryan 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3826:Badge of shame 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3711:Main article: 3708: 3705: 3672:Nuremberg Laws 3653:Karl Haushofer 3631:Hiroshi Ōshima 3613:Austro-Slavism 3578:Chiang Wei-kuo 3564:Hermann Göring 3470:Chiang Wei-kuo 3437:to oppose the 3413:Hiroshi Ōshima 3390: 3387: 3309: 3306: 3283: 3280: 3263: 3260: 3212:Nuremberg laws 3201:Nuremberg laws 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3149:Nuremberg Laws 3077: 3074: 3028:racial hygiene 3018:troops of the 2987: 2984: 2925:Polish decrees 2878:Grosse Planung 2874:Kleine Planung 2798: 2795: 2776:In March 1941 2763:Hans Massaquoi 2664:Main article: 2661: 2658: 2615:Main article: 2612: 2611:Sinti and Roma 2609: 2542: 2539: 2499:Ernst vom Rath 2449:Nuremberg Laws 2369: 2368: 2327: 2325: 2318: 2311:Nuremberg Laws 2309:Main article: 2306: 2305:Nuremberg Laws 2303: 2289:Nuremberg Laws 2274:Final Solution 2134:Worms, Germany 2115: 2112: 2054:The July 1933 1837:Eastern Europe 1792: 1718:Main article: 1715: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1651: 1648: 1575:Semitic people 1546:racial hygiene 1508: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1490: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1462: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1410: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1389:Beefsteak Nazi 1386: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1368: 1366:Related topics 1365: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1276: 1269: 1264: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1149: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1060: 1048: 1036: 1024: 1012: 1000: 990: 980: 970: 959: 956: 955: 952: 951: 948: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 920:von Liebenfels 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 876: 871: 870: 867: 866: 863: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 830:von Ribbentrop 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 756: 751: 750: 747: 746: 743: 742: 733: 724: 723: 722: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 677: 676: 671: 666: 657: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 582: 581: 576: 571: 566: 556: 551: 549:Indoctrination 546: 545: 544: 539: 530: 526:Heim ins Reich 521: 511: 502: 493: 488: 483: 478: 477: 476: 462: 457: 452: 451: 450: 445: 431: 426: 421: 419:Blood and soil 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 394:Anti-communism 391: 385: 382: 381: 378: 377: 374: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 336:Doctors' Trial 333: 328: 319:Final solution 315: 314: 309: 304: 302:Denazification 299: 294: 289: 284: 275: 266: 261: 259:Nuremberg Laws 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 227: 222: 217: 212: 203: 198: 193: 191:Early timeline 187: 184: 183: 180: 179: 176: 175: 165: 160:Sturmabteilung 155: 150: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 92: 83: 73: 70: 69: 66: 65: 57: 56: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12208: 12197: 12196:Germanization 12194: 12192: 12191:Nazi eugenics 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12121: 12113: 12111: 12103: 12101: 12093: 12092: 12089: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12071: 12068: 12067: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11972: 11970: 11966: 11958: 11955: 11954: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11947:Wine industry 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11907: 11906: 11903: 11899: 11896: 11895: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11873: 11872: 11869: 11865: 11862: 11858: 11855: 11854: 11853: 11850: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11837: 11836: 11833: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11820: 11819: 11816: 11815: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11799: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11776: 11775:South America 11773: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11763:United States 11761: 11759: 11756: 11755: 11754: 11753:North America 11751: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11728: 11727: 11724: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11639: 11638: 11635: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11602: 11601: 11598: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11585: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11575: 11573: 11571: 11567: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11540:Racialization 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11505:Ethnic hatred 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11477: 11475: 11469: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11422:Laissez-faire 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11407:Institutional 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11392:Environmental 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11347: 11342: 11340: 11335: 11333: 11328: 11327: 11324: 11312: 11309: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11295: 11294:United States 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11242: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11210: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11172: 11169: 11168: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11153: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11115: 11112: 11111: 11110: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11100: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11045: 11039: 11036: 11032: 11029: 11028: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10991: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10974:The Holocaust 10972: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10959: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10932: 10930: 10926: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10913: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10876: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10860: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10838:Doctors' plot 10836: 10834: 10833:Slánský trial 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10817: 10816:The Holocaust 10814: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10795: 10792: 10791: 10790: 10789:Farhud (Iraq) 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10749:Hep-Hep riots 10747: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10731: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10719: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10697:Martin Luther 10695: 10693: 10690: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10672: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10649: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10632:Weaponization 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10613: 10609: 10606: 10605: 10604: 10603: 10599: 10597: 10596:Philosemitism 10594: 10592: 10591: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10567: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10555:Khazar theory 10553: 10549: 10546: 10545: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10538: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10508: 10506: 10502: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10485:Olympic Games 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10464: 10463:New Testament 10461: 10460: 10459: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10449: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10425: 10424: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10387: 10386: 10383: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10308: 10303: 10301: 10296: 10294: 10289: 10288: 10285: 10264: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10186: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10173: 10170: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10102: 10096: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10076: 10073: 10072: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10045:Nazi eugenics 10043: 10041: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10019: 10016: 10013: 10012: 10008: 10004: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9974:Topf and Sons 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9941:Collaborators 9938: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9921: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9910: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9893: 9890: 9887: 9884: 9880: 9879:Referat IV B4 9877: 9876: 9875: (RSHA) 9874: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9866:Schutzstaffel 9863: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853:Organizations 9851: 9845: 9842: 9841: 9838: 9834: 9829: 9825: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9795:Romani people 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9764: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9748:Working Group 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9733:Kastner train 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9720: 9718: 9716: 9712: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9689: 9686: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9665: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9602: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9572: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9520:Kristallnacht 9517: 9516: 9514: 9510: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9460: 9456: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9419: 9414: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9331: 9329: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9305: 9304: 9303:Sanitätswesen 9300: 9298: 9297: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9285: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9267: 9266:Death marches 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9232: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9181: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9162: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9132: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9092:Extermination 9089: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9067:Sachsenhausen 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9008:Herzogenbusch 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8983:Bergen-Belsen 8981: 8979: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8970:Concentration 8967: 8963: 8959: 8955: 8950: 8946: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8916: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8906:United States 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8862: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8831: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8746:and colonies 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8649:The Holocaust 8643: 8638: 8636: 8631: 8629: 8624: 8623: 8620: 8610: 8600: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8560: 8557: 8556: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8508: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8492:The Wehrmacht 8490: 8488: 8482: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8396: 8394: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8308: 8302: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8259: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8180: 8178: 8174: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8146:Seyss-Inquart 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8045: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8025: 8020: 8019: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7968:Untermenschen 7964: 7961: 7960: 7959:Rassenschande 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7850:Pan-Germanism 7848: 7845: 7844: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7789:Direct action 7787: 7782: 7781: 7780:Führerprinzip 7776: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7717:Anti-pacifism 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7600:The Holocaust 7598: 7596: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7579:Kristallnacht 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7477: 7476: 7475:Schutzstaffel 7471: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7360: 7355: 7353: 7348: 7346: 7341: 7340: 7337: 7323:on 2011-04-02 7322: 7318: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7303: 7294: 7293:0-521-42397-X 7290: 7286: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7266: 7265:0-674-74578-7 7262: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7250:0-7134-5217-X 7247: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7229: 7227: 7226:0-06-019042-6 7223: 7219: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7209:0-8032-1327-1 7206: 7202: 7198: 7195: 7192: 7191:0-531-09862-1 7188: 7184: 7180: 7179:Bauer, Yehuda 7177: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7147: 7141: 7137: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7080:0-393-02030-4 7076: 7072: 7067: 7063: 7057: 7053: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7033: 7032: 7025: 7021: 7019:0-19-514978-5 7015: 7011: 7006: 7002: 7000:0-674-01172-4 6996: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6972: 6968: 6963: 6959: 6957:9780710211231 6953: 6949: 6944: 6940: 6934: 6930: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6911: 6906: 6902: 6896: 6893:. Macmillan. 6892: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6872: 6867: 6866: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6834:9780198790556 6830: 6825: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6798: 6792: 6788: 6783: 6779: 6777:9780805097047 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6760: 6747: 6744: 6736: 6733:February 2021 6726: 6721: 6709: 6705: 6704: 6697: 6688: 6687: 6679:, p. 85. 6678: 6673: 6666: 6661: 6654: 6649: 6641: 6635: 6631: 6624: 6618:, p. 67. 6617: 6612: 6606:, p. 73. 6605: 6600: 6593: 6588: 6580: 6578:1-85285-192-9 6574: 6570: 6566: 6565:Towle, Philip 6562: 6555: 6553: 6545: 6540: 6533: 6528: 6514:on 2013-11-21 6513: 6509: 6503: 6494: 6486: 6484:0-19-820626-7 6480: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6453: 6446: 6438: 6432: 6424: 6418: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6397:TIME Magazine 6392: 6385: 6379: 6371: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6344:on 2019-05-12 6343: 6339: 6333: 6331: 6323: 6318: 6316: 6308: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6287: 6278: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6232: 6224: 6216: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6177: 6167: 6163: 6158: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6106: 6097: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6066: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6038: 6030: 6024: 6020: 6019: 6011: 6009: 6007: 6000: 5999:9781848858305 5996: 5992: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5972: 5964: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5882: 5878: 5873: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5810: 5804: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5786:, 1930; (b) " 5785: 5784: 5779: 5775: 5773: 5765: 5749: 5745: 5739: 5731: 5725: 5717: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5686: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5652: 5644: 5637: 5635: 5627: 5621: 5613: 5607: 5603: 5597: 5589: 5583: 5579: 5572: 5570: 5561: 5555: 5551: 5546: 5545: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5506: 5500: 5492: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5469: 5468:0-396-06577-5 5465: 5461: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5440: 5438: 5431:, p. 83. 5430: 5425: 5417: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5394:, p. 10. 5393: 5388: 5380: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5343: 5337: 5330: 5324: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5298: 5291: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5243: 5238: 5231: 5226: 5220:, p. 86. 5219: 5214: 5207: 5202: 5195: 5190: 5183: 5178: 5170: 5164: 5160: 5155: 5154: 5145: 5137: 5135:0-415-26038-8 5131: 5127: 5123: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5105:, p. 49. 5104: 5099: 5091: 5089:9780691086842 5085: 5081: 5074: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5037: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5013: 5006: 5001: 4994: 4989: 4982: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4940: 4934: 4927: 4922: 4916: 4915:9780674022058 4912: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4895:9780803220980 4892: 4888: 4882: 4873: 4867: 4866:9780815339434 4863: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4846:9783643901255 4843: 4839: 4833: 4825: 4818: 4812:, p. 85. 4811: 4806: 4799: 4794: 4787: 4781: 4771: 4761: 4754: 4748: 4741: 4736: 4729: 4723: 4721: 4711: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4684: 4679: 4677: 4669: 4664: 4662: 4653: 4647: 4643: 4636: 4628: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4609: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4554: 4549: 4543:, p. 44. 4542: 4537: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4452: 4450:9780691183060 4446: 4442: 4435: 4433: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4368:9781474400046 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4331: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4298:South African 4295: 4294:John Phillips 4291: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4275:9780674020221 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4210:anti-Semitism 4207: 4202: 4197: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4136: 4134: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4104:German people 4101: 4096: 4091: 4090:life sciences 4087: 4083: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4059:9780691218083 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4015: 4008: 4003: 4001: 3993: 3988: 3981: 3976: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3878:Nazi eugenics 3876: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3867: 3866:Josef Mengele 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3743: 3738: 3735: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3713:Germanization 3704: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3451: 3444: 3441:regime under 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3355:authorized a 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3341:Baltic region 3338: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3257: 3256:miscegenation 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3130:In 1936, the 3128: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3116:Indo-Germanic 3113: 3109: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3093:Reich Cabinet 3089: 3085: 3084: 3083:Iran-e Bastan 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2975:untermenschen 2971: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2961:untermenschen 2957: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2942: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2929:Zivilarbeiter 2926: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2896:Germanisation 2889: 2885: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2856:Untermenschen 2850: 2845: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2819: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2779: 2778:Deputy Führer 2774: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2745:offspring of 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735:Eugen Fischer 2731: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2710: 2709:Eugen Fischer 2706: 2702: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2657: 2653: 2651: 2650:miscegenation 2645: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2629:, 22 May 1940 2628: 2623: 2618: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2558: 2557: 2547: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2522:Kristallnacht 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2477: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2424:Hannah Arendt 2421: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2396:Rassenschande 2392: 2388: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2365: 2362: 2354: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2328:This section 2326: 2322: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2270:the Holocaust 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2193: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076:schizophrenia 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1994:Madison Grant 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1974:Eugen Fischer 1972:(1920–21) by 1971: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1952:racial purity 1949: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:Western Goths 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1807:Untermenschen 1804:as Non-Aryan 1803: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1760:Scandinavians 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1742:conceived by 1741: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1711: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1560:the Holocaust 1557: 1556: 1555:Untermenschen 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1474: 1463: 1461: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1093:Thule Society 1091: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1066: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1007: 1006: 1001: 996: 995: 991: 986: 985: 981: 976: 975: 971: 966: 965: 961: 960: 954: 953: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 877: 874: 869: 868: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 840:Seyss-Inquart 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 757: 754: 749: 748: 740: 739: 734: 731: 730: 725: 720: 719: 714: 713: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 675: 672: 670: 667: 664: 663: 662:Untermenschen 658: 655: 654: 653:Rassenschande 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 561: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 543: 542:Pan-Germanism 540: 537: 536: 531: 528: 527: 522: 520: 517: 516: 515: 512: 509: 508: 503: 500: 499: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 481:Direct action 479: 474: 473: 472:Führerprinzip 468: 467: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 449: 446: 443: 442: 437: 436: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 409:Anti-pacifism 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 386: 380: 379: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 322: 321: 320: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 292:The Holocaust 290: 288: 285: 282: 281: 276: 273: 272: 271:Kristallnacht 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 234: 233: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 210: 209: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 188: 182: 181: 172: 171: 170:Schutzstaffel 166: 162: 161: 156: 154: 151: 148: 147: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 99: 98: 93: 90: 89: 84: 81: 80: 75: 74: 71:Organizations 68: 67: 63: 59: 58: 55: 52: 51: 47: 46: 40: 36: 32: 19: 12070:in Australia 12060:Racial quota 11704:Soviet Union 11647:Saudi Arabia 11588:South Africa 11515:Ethnic slurs 11510:Ethnic jokes 11412:Internalized 11304:21st century 11284:South Africa 11250:Labour Party 11171:21st century 11114:Saudi Arabia 11038:Yellow badge 10988: 10984:Jewish quota 10911: 10873: 10848:Yellow badge 10805: 10716: 10660:Anti-Judaism 10614: 10600: 10588: 10564: 10560:Ku Klux Klan 10535: 10511:Anti-Zionism 10495:Universities 10458:Christianity 10368:Adolf Hitler 10314:Antisemitism 10257:Yizkor books 10039: 9918: 9865: 9610: 9558:in Lithuania 9518: 9416: 9301: 9294: 9283: 9217: 9195: 9176: 9157: 9140: 8923:by Catholics 8792:Soviet Union 8660:By territory 8526:Architecture 8474:SS personnel 8415:SUMKA (Iran) 8346: 8002:Social order 7927:Antisemitism 7882:Palingenetic 7773:Dictatorship 7742:Conspiracism 7666:Labour camps 7636:Deportations 7623: 7595:World War II 7540:Kirchenkampf 7528:Nazi Germany 7409:Hitler Youth 7373:Organisation 7325:. 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Retrieved 4506: 4503:"Lebensraum" 4497: 4488: 4478: 4469: 4459: 4440: 4418:under Nazism 4410:South Africa 4402:modern world 4385: 4384: 4341: 4330: 4316:Homo sapiens 4314: 4287: 4245: 4235: 4225: 4201:Nazi Germany 4193: 4149: 4145: 4119: 4107: 4099: 4079: 4033: 4023: 4014: 4006: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3943:Yellow badge 3870: 3821:Aryanization 3791:Antisemitism 3773: 3746: 3739: 3731: 3716: 3693: 3669: 3657:Schopenhauer 3651: 3623: 3616: 3602: 3586:Kriegsschule 3543:and China's 3518: 3512: 3508: 3489: 3483:Fahnenjunker 3481: 3423:Wang Jingwei 3409:Adolf Hitler 3382: 3356: 3334: 3311: 3308:Finno-Ugrics 3299: 3295: 3292:war children 3285: 3265: 3252:Walter Gross 3232: 3227: 3219: 3217: 3204: 3196: 3190: 3166:Hitler Youth 3163: 3144: 3129: 3105: 3088:chauvinistic 3081: 3079: 3070:South Africa 3039: 3025: 3013: 2980:World War II 2973: 2959: 2952:Nazi Germany 2945: 2938: 2922: 2912: 2899: 2893: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2854: 2852: 2847: 2839: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2814: 2784: 2760: 2732: 2726:as "corrupt 2721: 2714: 2687: 2685: 2679: 2675: 2660:Afro-Germans 2655: 2647: 2640: 2632: 2592: 2587: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2554: 2552: 2520: 2502: 2491:totalitarian 2488: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2469: 2446: 2438:human rights 2431: 2419: 2413: 2394: 2380: 2374: 2372: 2357: 2348: 2337:Please help 2332:verification 2329: 2297: 2249: 2245:Nazi Germany 2234: 2230: 2216: 2211: 2205: 2192:Achim Gercke 2139: 2127: 2108: 2058:—written by 2053: 2025:Antisemitism 2018: 2012: 1997: 1969: 1959: 1941: 1935: 1869: 1861:black people 1829:World War II 1805: 1799: 1789: 1774: 1772: 1744:Adolf Hitler 1737: 1708: 1689:philosopher 1655:Adolf Hitler 1653: 1637: 1630: 1622: 1564: 1553: 1526:Adolf Hitler 1522:dictatorship 1518:Nazi Germany 1513: 1511: 1464: 1377:Architecture 1354:SS personnel 1296:SUMKA (Iran) 1226: 1225: 1154:Kirchenkampf 1062: 992: 982: 972: 962: 696:Social order 621:Antisemitism 615: 574:Palingenetic 465:Dictatorship 434:Conspiracism 361:Labour camps 331:Deportations 317: 316: 287:World War II 232:Kirchenkampf 220:Nazi Germany 104:Hitler Youth 11985:Anti-racism 11726:Middle East 11620:South Korea 11615:North Korea 11530:Hate speech 11452:Substantive 11432:Neocolonial 11269:New Zealand 11021:Segregation 10929:Persecution 10901:Radio Islam 10707:Blood libel 10702:Blood curse 10475:Middle Ages 10321:Core topics 10263:Never again 10094:(Action T4) 10020:Remembrance 9805:Homosexuals 9775:Soviet POWs 9703:Częstochowa 9251:Gas chamber 9062:Ravensbrück 9003:Gross-Rosen 8998:Flossenbürg 8881:Philippines 8813:Yugoslavia 8772:Netherlands 8700:Sudetenland 8586:Strasserism 8216:de Gobineau 8191:Chamberlain 8057:Politicians 8044:Volkskörper 7947:Master race 7919:Prussianism 7867:Nationalism 7822:Imperialism 7763:Corporatism 6727:if you can. 6653:Hutton 2005 6592:Hutton 2005 6206:10037/17966 6170:(in French) 5936:j.ctt1npq5k 5879:, pp. 5297:Mein Kampf, 4969:Shirer 1960 4668:Davies 2006 4591:(Paperback) 4553:Shirer 1960 4541:Davies 2006 4529:Davies 2006 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