957:(PIJ) suggested to Egyptian intelligence that PA and Hamas would open the Rafah Crossing under the supervision and in the presence of the PA and the Presidential Guard. Egyptian intelligence and Hamas appeared to agree, but the PA did not respond. Hamas accused Fatah and the PA that they âwant to exclude it from political and field landscape by their insisting on the PA monopoly in controlling the crossings and bordersâ. Hamas had agreed to let the Presidential Guard to take charge, as part of a comprehensive plan to merge employees from West Bank and Gaza Strip. Some Hamas followers voiced annoyance about the PIJ initiative, bypassing Hamas, while Egypt did not regard it a terrorist organization unlike Hamas.
1014:, the crossing was again effectively sealed. Various sources reported that for several weeks, the Egyptian government had refused to allow either Gazans or foreign nationals to exit Gaza via the Rafah crossing, despite intensive international efforts to secure a window of time for the Rafah crossing to open to foreigners who want to exit the Strip. However, the Egyptian government, maintains that it has always kept the Rafah Border Crossing open for humanitarian aid coming in and foreign nationals coming out during the IsraelâHamas war, instead blaming four consecutive Israeli air strikes on the Gazan side for keeping the border crossing closed. On 21 October, the border opened for
858:
769:
52:
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914:, Egypt's foreign minister, Nabil el-Araby, opened discussions with Hamas aimed at easing the travel restrictions and improving relations between the two. Even though passenger restrictions were loosened, the shipment into Gaza of goods remains blocked. In the first five hours after the opening, 340 people crossed into Egypt. Under the Mubarak regime, Egypt vehemently opposed using Hamas guards at Rafah and demanded that the crossing point remain closed until Palestinian Authority personnel were deployed, but now, the crossing would be operated and guarded by Hamas policemen.
949:, Egypt declared that it was prepared to train forces from the Presidential Guard to man the Rafah Crossing and deploy along the border. Once the forces were ready, Egypt would then open the crossing to full capacity. Egypt mediated a permanent truce between Israel and Hamas, and Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukri said that Egypt hoped that this would lead to the creation of a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders. Palestinian factions in Gaza, including Hamas, publicly declared their acceptance of the return of the Presidential Guard and the EU border mission.
781:
180:
3256:
5058:
3142:
4084:
5135:
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128:
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3900:
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4928:
4867:
145:
157:
2492:
5147:
5028:
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169:
117:
1360:âłThe PA will notify the GoI 48 hours in advance of the crossing of a person in the excepted categories...The GoI will respond within 24 hours with any objections and will include the reasons for the objections;...On a case-by-case basis, the PA will consider information on persons of concern provided by the GoI. The PA will consult with the GoI and the 3rd party prior to the PA making a decision to prohibit travel or not.âł
838:
concern over crises, "most often caused by the continual
Israeli closure of the Crossing". On 7 May 2007, the issue of the Israeli closure of Rafah and Kerem as well was raised at a Coordination and Evaluation meeting. The movement of ambulances via Rafah was prohibited. The EU BAM proposed the use of "shuttle" ambulances at the Crossing, requiring two additional transfers of the patients between the ambulances.
805:(WFP) to bring food through the Rafah crossing. It provided food to feed around 150,000 people for 5 days. In 2014, an average of 8,119 exits and entries of people were recorded at the crossing monthly. In September 2015, it was circa 3,300, while the Gaza population numbered 1.8 million people. Between 24 October 2014 and September 2015, the crossing had been opened for only 34 days.
889:, Israel continued to exercise control over the border through its control of the Palestinian population registry, which determines who is allowed to go through Rafah Crossing. It also had the power to use its right to veto the passage of foreigners, even when belonging to the list of categories of foreigners allowed to cross, and to decide to close the crossing indefinitely.
893:
blamed for its refusal to compromise with Hamas over control of Rafah
Crossing. The EU monitoring force was criticized for its submission to Israel's demands for closing the border, without calling for re-opening. The US was criticized for allowing human rights violations caused by the closure and avoiding pressure on Egypt.
750:. Israel had consistently tried to turn the Kerem Shalom border crossing (which borders Egypt) into a commercial crossing between Gaza and Israel, or as an alternative passenger crossing to Rafah. The Palestinians were concerned that Israel would take control over the Gaza-Egypt border or even replace Rafah and objected.
870:, many thousands of Palestinians, with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 700,000, crossed into Egypt to buy goods. Palestinians were seen purchasing food, fuel, cigarettes, shoes, furniture, car parts, and generators. On 3 February 2008, the border was closed again by Egypt, except for travelers returning home.
892:
Gisha has blamed Israel for keeping the Rafah
Crossing closed through indirect means and Egypt for submitting to Israeli pressure and not cooperate with the Hamas government. Hamas, however was blamed for not allowing the Presidential Guard to apply the AMA agreement. The Palestinian Authority was
797:
From June 2010 to
January 2011, the monthly average number of exits and entries through Rafah reached 19,000. After May 2011, when Egypt's President Hosni Mubarak was replaced with Mohamed Morsi, the number grew to 40,000 per month. When Morsi was deposed by the army in July 2013, the Crossing was
757:
From 2018 onward, goods regularly entered Gaza from Egypt via the Rafah crossing. In
October 2022, about 49% of goods entering Gaza entered from Egypt via Rafa, while the other 51% of goods enter Gaza via Israel. About three-quarters of goods imported via Rafah consisted of construction materials,
710:
between Israel and Egypt, based on the principles of the 1979 peace treaty, turned over border control to Egypt, while the supply of arms to the
Palestinian Authority was subject to Israeli consent. The agreement specified that 750 Egyptian border guards would be deployed along the length of the
793:
After the
Israeli disengagement in 2005, the monthly average number of entries and exits through Rafah Crossing reached about 40,000. After the capture of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit in June 2006, the crossing was closed 76% of the time and after Hamas' takeover of the Gaza Strip it was closed
837:
complained in a letter to the
Israeli Government and the Head of the EU Mission about Israel, closing the Rafah Crossing Point (RCP) on most days by indirect measures, such as "preventing access by the EU BAM to the RCP through Kerem Shalom". A 2007 Palestinian background paper mentions the EU
824:
From
November 2005 to July 2007, the Rafah Crossing was jointly controlled by Egypt and the Palestinian Authority, with the European Union monitoring Palestinian compliance on the Gaza side. The Crossing operated daily until June 2006. Israel issued security warnings, thus preventing European
881:
proposed a joint
Palestinian, Egyptian and European mechanism to keep the Rafah border crossing working permanently. He said: "We welcome the presence of European inspectors, the Egyptians and the Palestinian Presidential Guard in addition to the presence of the (Hamas) government in Gaza".
1006:
In February 2021, Egypt opened the crossing "indefinitely" for the first time in years in what was described as an effort to encourage negotiations between Palestinian factions meeting at the time in Cairo. The crossing was kept open during and after the 11-day Israel-Hamas conflict in May,
865:
On 22 January 2008, after Israel imposed a total closure on all crossings to the Gaza Strip, a group of Hamas demonstrators attempted to force open the door of the Rafah Crossing. They were beaten back by Egyptian police and gunfire erupted. That same night, Hamas demolished a 200 metres
746:. On the other hand, the Palestinians agreed because they wanted to limit Israeli interference at Rafah and maximize their sovereignty. Diversion via Kerem was meant as a temporary measure but in fact, imports through Rafah were never realized, forcing the Palestinians to develop a
952:
On 22 January 2015, Egypt closed the border crossing. In March, it declared that it would only open the border crossing if the Palestinian side is staffed by Palestinian Authority employees under the full authority of the Presidential Guard and no Hamas personnel are present.
1007:
delivering aid and construction materials. Egypt closed the crossing on 23 August 2021 following an escalation of cross-border incidents between Israel and Hamas, but partially reopened the crossing three days later, allowing traffic from Egypt to Gaza (but not vice versa).
845:. Due to the lack of security the EU monitors pulled out of the region, and Egypt agreed with Israel to shut down the Rafah Crossing. The Fatah-led Palestinian Authority in the West Bank has declared that the Rafah Crossing should remain closed until the control by the
901:
The Egyptian government under former President Mubarak had opposed the Hamas administration in Gaza and helped Israel to enforce the blockade. Due to the 2011 Egyptian revolution, Mubarak was forced to step down in February 2011. On 27 April, Fatah and Hamas reached
917:
In mid-June 2011 the crossing was closed for several days and after that only a few hundred were allowed to cross each day compared with 'thousands' who applied to cross each day. Egypt reportedly agreed to allow a minimum of 500 people to cross each day.
753:
On 26 November 2005, the crossing was opened for the first time under the European Union's supervision, while the Israeli army kept a video watch from a nearby base and retained control over the movement of all goods and trade in and out of Gaza.
963:
In May 2018, Egyptian authorities opened the crossing, permitting a couple hundred Gazans per day to cross into Egypt. As of July 2019, tens of thousands have reportedly done so, departing to destinations in the
1025:. In reply Egypt closed off the crossing and rejected an Israeli proposal to coordinate the reopening of the Rafah border crossing insisting that the crossing should be managed only by Palestinian authorities.
829:
if the border would not be reopened. On 25 June 2006, terrorists attacked the Kerem Shalom Crossing Point and captured the Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit. The Crossing was infrequently reopened after this attack.
907:
287:
2201:
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and the bloody crackdown on loyalists of ousted President Morsi on 14 August, the border crossing was closed 'indefinitely'. Afterwards, it has been opened for a few days every few months.
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906:
and on 29 April, Egypt announced that the border crossing would be opened on a permanent basis. Mahmoud Abbas and Khaled Meshal signed the Cairo agreement on 4 May 2011 and on 28 May,
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1227:
734:
The Agreed Principles for Rafah stipulate that "Rafah will also be used for export of goods to Egypt". A confidential PLO document reveals that in fact Egypt under President
2012:
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However, Egypt still has occasionally allowed supplies to cross into Gaza via the Rafah Crossing, such as diesel fuel for Gaza's power plant in 2017 and gas in 2018.
3123:
910:. Most travel restrictions were dropped, though men between the ages of 18 and 40 entering Egypt must apply for visas and others need travel permits. Soon after the
1474:
1164:
679:. When Israel withdrew from the Sinai in 1982, Rafah was divided into an Egyptian and a Palestinian part, splitting up families, separated by barbed-wire barriers.
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that eventually returned the Sinai, which borders the Gaza Strip, to Egyptian control. As part of that treaty, a 100-meter-wide strip of land known as the
1455:
4708:
4624:
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3138:
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2042:
1187:"At approximately 01:35, Israeli fighter jets dropped 3 bombs on Salah al-Din Gate on the Egyptian border, south of Rafah, allegedly to destroy tunnels."
1148:
It is the only border not directly controlled by Israel, but the approval of Israeli authorities is still required for supplies to enter Gaza from Egypt.
903:
4849:
2251:
2443:
2026:
161:
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1899:
1100:
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1981:
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728:
601:
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1249:
1074:
765:, Israel bombed the Palestinian side of the Rafah crossing. Egypt subsequently demanded assurances that Israel will not attack aid convoys.
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border, and both Egypt and Israel pledged to work together to stem terrorism, arms smuggling, and other illegal cross-border activities.
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to enter Gaza. On 1 November, a limited number of foreign nationals and wounded began being allowed to use the crossing to exit Gaza.
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2147:
1934:
1212:
597:
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2188:
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The current Salah al-Din Gate, a commercial border crossing between Gaza and Egypt, was first opened in 2018 and is used by trucks.
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3835:
3418:
2760:
2473:
1948:
998:
In early November 2020, Egyptian authorities closed the crossing to vehicles and commodities after monitoring violations by Hamas.
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was responsible for monitoring the Border Crossing. The agreement ensured Israel authority to dispute entrance by any person.
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374:
742:, because Israel threatened to exclude Gaza from the customs union out of concern about the implementation of the
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801:
In August 2014, for the first time since the start of the Gaza blockade in 2007 Egypt allowed the United Nations
688:
619:
A new "Rafah Crossing Point", also named in Arabic "Al Awda" (The Return), was built south of the town of Rafah.
363:
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4609:
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3315:
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2913:
2650:
2409:
2404:
846:
743:
700:
691:. Israel withdrew from Gaza in September 2005. Egypt continued to exercise control on the Egyptian side of the
17:
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2488:
4749:
4723:
4483:
4387:
4335:
4310:
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2665:
2599:
2325:
1416:"What is the Rafah crossing? Border between Gaza Strip, Egypt closed amid Israel-Hamas war | abc7chicago.com"
1054:
946:
825:
monitors from travelling to the terminal. The Hamas-led PA Government threatened on 23 June to terminate the
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5013:
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747:
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between Gaza and Egypt. In the Peace Treaty, the re-created GazaâEgypt border was drawn across the city of
411:
261:
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62:
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2800:
2790:
2645:
2629:
2583:
2558:
2553:
2528:
512:
173:
2399:
1623:
991:
In March 2020, Palestinian authorities closed the crossing to limit the spread of the virus that causes
707:
647:
From 1948, Gaza was occupied by Egypt. Consequently, a GazaâEgypt border no longer existed. In the 1967
4696:
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1376:
1126:"Israel-Hamas war: The significance of Rafah border and why its reopening matters to Egypt | Explained"
1101:"Rafah border crossing: could Egypt open it to fleeing Palestinians? | Israel-Hamas war | The Guardian"
636:
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762:
589:
149:
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2619:
1546:. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. November 2006. Archived from
911:
318:
1521:
4913:
4907:
2975:
1722:
1075:"Israel seizes Gaza's vital Rafah crossing, but the US says it isn't the full invasion many fear"
1034:
973:
857:
768:
471:
245:
51:
588:
The "Rafah Land Port" became the primary border crossing between Egypt and Gaza, managed by the
1044:
580:, Egypt controls the crossing but imports through the Rafah crossing require Israeli approval.
546:
505:
1228:
Israel to open Kerem Shalom Crossing for Gaza aid inspections for first time since war started
5209:
4985:
4946:
2222:
The last remaining exit for Gazans is through Egypt. Here's why Cairo is reluctant to open it
2120:"Hamas 'transgressions' result in Rafah border crossing closing off to vehicles, commodities"
1558:
842:
738:
did not allow exports. The Palestinians agreed that all imports of goods are diverted to the
692:
616:
to Rafah. Rafah land port was bombed by Israel in October 2009 allegedly to destroy tunnels.
573:
353:
299:
185:
104:
4083:
4957:
4902:
4827:
3800:
1331:
A New Reality on the Egypt-Gaza Border (Part I): Contents of the New Israel-Egypt Agreement
1264:
802:
459:
1209:
8:
4941:
1266:
The Evolution of the Egypt-Israel Boundary: From Colonial Foundations to Peaceful Borders
934:
439:
421:
5062:
5057:
4744:
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1761:
1182:
Weekly Report: On Israeli Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory
593:
565:
383:
1827:
1799:
5041:
3083:
1317:
1133:
1039:
780:
668:
609:
396:
275:
608:, known as the "Salah al Din Gate" is located at the original Rafah crossing on the
1079:
1015:
866:(660 ft) length of the metal border wall with explosives. After the resulting
2043:"'I Want To Get The Hell Out Of Here': Thousands Of Palestinians Are Leaving Gaza"
1641:
1346:
706:
On 7 September 2005, Israel withdrew from Gaza and closed the Rafah crossing. The
4764:
2945:
2452:
1998:
1509:
1489:
1478:
1355:
1270:
1269:, pp. 3, 9, 18. Nurit Kliot, Boundary and Territory Briefing, Volume 1 Number 8.
1232:
1216:
1205:
1168:
1022:
652:
537:
368:
5075:
4951:
2777:
2071:"Hamas-run Gaza government shuts Egypt crossing to travelers amid virus crisis"
1628:, pp. 23-25, 136, 143-, 160-, 167-, 170- 174-. Noga Kadman, Gisha, March 2009.
1601:
878:
333:
256:
2264:
Canadians still trapped in Gaza as Rafah-crossing exit agreement falls through
1547:
1334:. Brooke Neuman, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 19 September 2005
841:
In June 2007, the Rafah Crossing was closed by the Egyptian authorities after
5193:
5117:
5097:
5021:
3850:
2957:
1586:
February 12, 2007 - Erekat Letter to Pistolese and Dangot Re: Rafah Crossings
1137:
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926:
814:
735:
613:
250:
84:
71:
1457:
WFP Humanitarian Convoy Delivers Food To Gaza Through Egypt's Rafah Crossing
4759:
2509:
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2285:
416:
219:
121:
2148:"Egypt closes Rafah border crossing to Gaza after Israel-Hamas escalation"
4991:
3790:
2962:
834:
672:
648:
2252:
US advises its citizens in Gaza to move closer to Egypt's Rafah crossing
5140:
5109:
5011:
965:
569:
337:
2350:"At least 320 foreign nationals and some wounded leave Gaza for Egypt"
2202:
Egypt Denies Passage of Foreigners Through Rafah Without Aid Agreement
1500:
5079:
1589:. Letter from Saeb Erekat to GoI and EU BAM Rafah, 12 February 2007.
773:
1755:
New York Times: Israeli Defense Minister to Stay in Olmert Coalition
1629:
682:
1950:âEgypt ready to train PA presidential guards to man Rafah Crossingâ
1840:
1838:
1185:, No. 39/2009. Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, 8 October 2009
992:
2166:"Egypt 'indefinitely' opens Rafah border crossing with Gaza Strip"
2095:"Egypt closes Rafah crossing after monitoring violations by Hamas"
2014:âEgypt sends fuel for Gaza's only power plant as Hamas links thawâ
4977:
1405:, United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
981:
1835:
1795:
1793:
1644:
At Gaza border with Egypt, masses make reverse exodus into Sinai
5092:
4933:
4872:
3899:
2376:"Israel's Troops Take Control of Rafah Border Crossing in Gaza"
2235:
American Citizens Fleeing Gaza Say Border Crossing Still Closed
1846:
PA Consent on Opening Gaza Crossing Led to Hamas Reconciliation
1288:
Gaza: The Basics. Some history and background on the Gaza Strip
985:
977:
969:
577:
2432:
1441:
1378:
Agreement on Movement and Access (AMA)âBackground & update
637:
border between Ottoman-ruled Palestine and British-ruled Egypt
5152:
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4894:
2491:
1790:
874:
794:
permanently except for infrequent limited openings by Egypt.
696:
676:
561:
132:
4857:
703:
took over control on the Gazan side of the Border Crossing.
2445:
Gaza tourism companies call on Sisi to open Rafah crossing
2094:
1246:
New Gaza Crossing Raises Questions About Blockade Policies
658:
2047:
1784:
Hamas proposes shared mechanism to operate Rafah crossing
1403:
Movement in and out of Gaza: update covering October 2022
929:, the border crossing was closed for several days by the
687:
On 16 February 2005, the Israeli parliament approved the
1964:
Palestinians, Europeans support reopening Rafah crossing
1901:
Rafah crossing reopened after 4 days of Hamas-Egypt rift
1381:, April 2007; pp. 4-5, . Document by PLO's NSU from the
714:
630:
2299:"Egypt refutes responsibility for Rafah border closure"
2189:
Egypt partially reopens Rafah border crossing with Gaza
1578:
1362:âłRafah will also be used for export of goods to Egypt.âł
1073:
Magdy, Samy; Lidman, Melanie; Keath, Lee (2024-05-07).
933:. It was later reopened for four hours each day. After
861:
Passengers waiting at the Rafah Border Crossing in 2009
1372:
1370:
1368:
635:
By the OttomanâBritish agreement of 1 October 1906, a
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1021:
The crossing was seized by Israel in 2024 during the
642:
604:(EU BAM Rafah or EUBAM) to monitor the crossing. The
1936:
Egypt won't open Rafah crossing if Hamas controls it
551:
2028:âEgypt comes to rescue as Israel cuts off Gaza gasâ
1365:
1342:
1340:
1313:
1311:
2282:"Egypt refutes Israeli claims over Rafah crossing"
1983:Can Gaza's Islamic Jihad ease tensions with Egypt?
1921:
1603:NSU Talking Points for EUBAM Rafah 7th CEC Meeting
758:while much of the remaining one-quarter was food.
683:2005: Israel disengages; Egypt-Palestinian border
5191:
2326:"Aid enters Gaza as Rafah border crossing opens"
1539:The Agreement on Movement and Access One Year On
1471:Gaza crossingsâ operations status:monthly update
1337:
1308:
1072:
655:from Egypt, both becoming occupied territories.
1305:. Al-Ahram, Issue No. 761, 22â28 September 2005
651:, Israel conquered both the Gaza Strip and the
2142:
2140:
1801:Gaza-Egypt border crossing to open permanently
1437:
1435:
602:European Union Border Assistance Mission Rafah
4843:
3882:
3124:
2474:
1250:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
513:
1994:
1992:
1885:Egypt permanently opens Gaza border crossing
1619:
1617:
1615:
1260:
1258:
40:
3827:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates
3147:Foreign relations of the State of Palestine
2137:
1986:. Asmaa al-Ghoul, Al-Monitor, 16 March 2015
1977:
1975:
1973:
1889:. Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 2011-05-28.
1858:
1829:Egypt eases blockade at Gaza's Rafah border
1432:
576:. Under a 2007 agreement between Egypt and
4850:
4836:
3889:
3875:
3131:
3117:
2944:
2481:
2467:
2216:
2214:
1967:. Daoud Kuttab, Al-Monitor, 20 August 2014
1915:Rafah crossing closed after Egypt violence
1494:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1282:
1280:
1278:
520:
506:
5220:Rafah in the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict
1989:
1725:Egypt blocks Palestinian 'exodus' in Gaza
1612:
1255:
808:
600:. It subsequently became the task of the
4858:Israeli border crossings and checkpoints
2279:
2040:
1970:
1750:
1715:
1198:RAFAH Access and Closure | December 2014
904:an agreement in Cairo, mediated by Egypt
856:
779:
767:
596:in Gaza on 11 September 2005 as part of
2508:
2211:
1512:. EU BAM Rafah. Accessed September 2015
1391:
1275:
659:1982â2005: Israel-Egypt border at Rafah
639:, from Taba to Rafah, was agreed upon.
14:
5192:
1291:. Nina Rastogi, Slate, 25 January 2008
1161:The Rafah Crossing: A Gateway to Hope?
1123:
1010:In October 2023 with the start of the
921:In July 2013, in the aftermath of the
665:Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty
5010:
4831:
3870:
3112:
3051:
3023:
2943:
2507:
2462:
2434:Movement of people via Rafah Crossing
2323:
2244:
2227:
1529:
1443:Movement of people via Rafah Crossing
833:On 12 February 2007, PLO Negotiatior
715:2005 Agreement on Movement and Access
631:1906 Ottoman-British border agreement
2280:El-Gundy, Zeinab (14 January 2024).
1939:. Dia Khalil, al-Araby, 6 March 2015
1859:Kirkpatrick, David D. (2011-05-28).
1348:Agreed Principles for Rafah Crossing
721:Agreed Principles for Rafah Crossing
2373:
2152:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
2000:Deal to open Rafah crossing â˛closeâ˛
1953:. Times of Israel, 3 September 2014
1849:. Jack Khoury, Haaretz, 26 May 2011
1666:UN fails to agree on Gaza statement
1625:Rafah Crossing: Who Holds the Keys?
1252:, 23 Oct 2019. Accessed 7 Dec 2023.
798:again almost completely shut down.
560:is the sole crossing point between
541:
41:
24:
5215:Border crossings of divided cities
3052:
2068:
2041:Bashir, Abu Bakr; Estrin, Daniel.
1682:
1221:
1171:. Asharq Al-Awsat, 9 February 2008
1001:
643:1948â1979: Egypt and Israel at war
583:
25:
5231:
5205:Buildings and structures in Rafah
5200:EgyptâGaza Strip border crossings
2776:
2426:
2003:. Ma'an News Agency, 7 March 2015
1523:Hamas threatens to end Rafah deal
1318:Landmark day on Gaza-Egypt border
1239:
1236:. Posted and accessed 7 Dec 2023.
843:Hamas' takeover of the Gaza Strip
5145:
5133:
5102:
5091:
5056:
5026:
4970:
4926:
4887:
4865:
4082:
3944:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3898:
3254:
3140:
2930:
2490:
1818:. Kevin Flower, CNN, 28 May 2011
725:Agreement on Movement and Access
612:, the main highway of Gaza from
178:
167:
155:
143:
126:
115:
50:
2392:
2367:
2342:
2317:
2273:
2257:
2194:
2191:, Al Jazeera (August 26, 2021).
2182:
2158:
2112:
2087:
2062:
2034:
2020:
2006:
1956:
1942:
1907:
1893:
1875:
1852:
1821:
1807:
1776:
1751:Kershner, Isabel (2008-02-04).
1744:
1692:Militants blow up Rafah barrier
1656:
1634:
1595:
1515:
1463:
1449:
1408:
1323:
1294:
940:
896:
868:Breach of the Gaza-Egypt border
852:
827:Rafah border-crossing agreement
819:
784:Rafah Border Crossing in 2012.
689:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
27:EgyptâPalestine border crossing
3768:Palestinian political violence
2410:Institute for the Study of War
2405:Institute for the Study of War
1863:Egypt Reopens Border With Gaza
1815:Egypt reopens border with Gaza
1446:. Gisha, accessed October 2015
1190:
1174:
1153:
1117:
1093:
1066:
885:According to a 2009 report of
847:Palestinian Presidential Guard
701:Palestinian National Authority
13:
1:
2324:Camut, Nicolas (2023-10-21).
2254:, Reuters (October 14, 2023).
1060:
788:
5176:Israeli-occupied territories
5014:Israeli-occupied territories
3810:Security Council resolutions
3763:IsraeliâPalestinian conflict
3024:
2031:. Al-Monitor, 14 August 2018
1918:. Al Jazeera, 15 August 2013
1700:. 2008-01-24. Archived from
1674:. 2008-01-25. Archived from
1050:Kerem Shalom border crossing
740:Kerem Shalom border crossing
592:until Israel dismantled its
7:
4807:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3905:Foreign relations of Israel
3063:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2995:Union for the Mediterranean
2400:"IRAN UPDATE, MAY 16, 2024"
1672:Radio Netherlands Worldwide
1481:. OCHAoPt, September 2015.
1028:
772:Egyptian side of the Rafah
727:(AMA) of 15 November 2005,
552:
412:Viva Palestina "Lifeline 5"
174:Egyptian Border Guard Corps
10:
5236:
3856:Foreign relations of Hamas
2497:Foreign relations of Egypt
1526:. Al Jazeera, 23 June 2006
1271:Also part. at Google books
935:widespread unrest in Egypt
908:the crossing was re-opened
812:
625:
496:2024 Gaza freedom flotilla
5173:
5131:
5089:
5053:
5045:(ceasefire line crossing)
5020:
5006:
4968:
4924:
4885:
4863:
4812:International recognition
4740:Alliance of the periphery
4732:
4689:
4663:
4602:
4416:
4189:
4091:
4080:
3911:
3819:
3783:
3755:
3739:
3718:
3537:
3344:
3263:
3252:
3153:
3058:
3047:
3030:
3019:
2953:
2939:
2928:
2906:
2887:
2769:
2638:
2592:
2521:
2517:
2503:
2224:, CNN (October 15, 2023).
1055:EgyptâPalestine relations
947:2014 IsraelâGaza conflict
748:smuggling tunnels economy
590:Israel Airports Authority
199:
194:
138:
110:
100:
61:
49:
34:
3841:Recognition of statehood
2455:. MEMO, 29 February 2016
484:Israeli "total blockade"
314:EgyptâGaza border breach
5180:invading Israeli forces
5012:Crossings at or within
4914:Netafim Border Crossing
4908:Nitzana Border Crossing
2017:. Reuters, 21 June 2017
1320:. BBC, 26 November 2005
955:Palestine Islamic Jihad
572:. It is located on the
220:Goods allowed or banned
4942:Yitzhak Rabin Crossing
3832:Diplomatic missions of
3784:Multilateral relations
3565:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3075:Diplomatic missions of
1787:. Xinhua, 27 June 2009
1566:Cite journal requires
1045:Gaza smuggling tunnels
862:
809:Closures of the border
785:
777:
598:its disengagement plan
574:EgyptâPalestine border
5161:Rafah Border Crossing
5123:Kerem Shalom crossing
4986:Rosh HaNikra Crossing
4947:Jordan River Crossing
4879:international borders
4714:ArabâIsraeli alliance
4709:ArabâIsraeli conflict
3035:ArabâIsraeli conflict
2075:www.timesofisrael.com
1904:. Xinhua, 8 June 2011
1460:. WFP, 27 August 2014
1208:. OCHA, 3 July 2015.
1124:Sumeda (2023-10-21).
1012:2023 IsraelâHamas war
860:
783:
771:
763:2023 IsraelâHamas war
671:was established as a
534:Rafah Border Crossing
186:Israel Defense Forces
85:31.24858°N 34.25923°E
36:Rafah Border Crossing
4958:King Abdullah Bridge
4903:Taba Border Crossing
4877:Mutually recognised
4791:Diplomatic missions
4770:United Arab Emirates
4398:United Arab Emirates
3801:Non-Aligned Movement
3773:FatahâHamas conflict
3519:United Arab Emirates
3000:Non-Aligned Movement
2761:United Arab Emirates
1804:. BBC, 29 April 2011
1704:on February 19, 2008
1698:World News Australia
1678:on October 18, 2008.
1606:. Palestine Papers.
803:World Food Programme
558:Rafah Crossing Point
472:Women's Boat to Gaza
460:Freedom Flotilla III
56:Rafah Crossing Point
5071:Israeli checkpoints
2270:(October 15, 2023).
2241:(October 14, 2023).
2208:(October 15, 2023).
2206:Wall Street Journal
1358:. 15 November 2005.
1302:Cinderella in Rafah
1105:amp.theguardian.com
1035:GazaâIsrael barrier
995:to the Gaza Strip.
440:Freedom Flotilla II
422:Jewish Boat to Gaza
81: /
5063:Occupied West Bank
4745:Camp David Accords
3089:Egyptian diplomats
2451:2016-03-07 at the
2437:. Statistics from
2154:. August 23, 2021.
1869:The New York Times
1832:. BBC, 28 May 2011
1762:The New York Times
1508:2015-11-18 at the
1488:2015-10-16 at the
1477:2015-10-28 at the
1354:2015-07-16 at the
1248:, Neri Zilber for
1230:. Jacob Magid for
1215:2015-11-23 at the
1204:2016-03-04 at the
1167:2016-03-04 at the
863:
786:
778:
708:Philadelphi Accord
300:FatahâHamas battle
288:Economic sanctions
276:Philadelphi Accord
90:31.24858; 34.25923
5187:
5186:
5178:, Controlled by
5169:
5168:
5042:Quneitra Crossing
5002:
5001:
4825:
4824:
3954:Equatorial Guinea
3864:
3863:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3084:Egyptian diaspora
3043:
3042:
3015:
3014:
3008:
2979:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2844:
2843:
2305:. 20 October 2023
2170:www.aljazeera.com
1040:Philadelphi Route
873:On 27 June 2009,
693:GazaâEgypt border
669:Philadelphi Route
610:Salah al-Din Road
550:
530:
529:
397:Turkel Commission
393:legal assessments
225:Smuggling tunnels
203:
202:
190:
189:(current control)
105:GazaâEgypt border
16:(Redirected from
5227:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5096:
5095:
5061:
5060:
5032:
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5029:
5024:and the rest of
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4883:
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4645:Papua New Guinea
4620:Marshall Islands
4274:Kurdistan Region
4086:
3903:
3902:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3419:Kurdistan Region
3258:
3216:Sahrawi Republic
3145:
3144:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3049:
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2374:Alghoul, Fares.
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2268:Globe & Mail
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2255:
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2220:Nadeen Ebrahim,
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2018:
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2004:
1996:
1987:
1979:
1968:
1960:
1954:
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1940:
1932:
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1911:
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1383:Palestine Papers
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1363:
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1080:Associated Press
1070:
1016:humanitarian aid
555:
545:
543:
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508:
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354:Freedom Flotilla
341:
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204:
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133:Rafah, Palestine
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5182:since May 2024.
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4765:Abraham Accords
4728:
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4539:North Macedonia
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4087:
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1023:Rafah offensive
1004:
1002:2021 to present
943:
899:
877:Prime Minister
855:
822:
817:
811:
791:
717:
685:
661:
653:Sinai Peninsula
645:
633:
628:
606:Rafah land port
586:
584:Rafah Land Port
526:
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209:Blockade of the
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5076:Checkpoint 300
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4952:Allenby Bridge
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3053:Related topics
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2427:External links
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2239:New York Times
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2069:Rasgon, Adam.
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1630:Here available
1611:
1608:Here available
1594:
1591:Here available
1577:
1568:|journal=
1553:on 2013-10-05.
1528:
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1483:Here available
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980:(particularly
974:seeking refuge
942:
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879:Ismail Haniyeh
854:
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821:
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813:Main article:
810:
807:
790:
787:
744:Paris Protocol
723:, part of the
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18:Rafah crossing
9:
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5118:Erez Crossing
5116:
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5098:Gaza envelope
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3851:Palestine 194
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3326:United States
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2958:African Union
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2625:United States
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2200:Summer Said,
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1985:
1984:
1978:
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1966:
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1677:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1652:. 2008-01-25.
1651:
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950:
948:
938:
936:
932:
931:Egyptian Army
928:
927:Mohamed Morsi
924:
919:
915:
913:
909:
905:
894:
890:
888:
883:
880:
876:
871:
869:
859:
850:
849:is restored.
848:
844:
839:
836:
831:
828:
816:
815:Gaza blockade
806:
804:
799:
795:
782:
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770:
766:
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749:
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741:
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736:Hosni Mubarak
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410:
409:
407:Other convoys
404:
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385:
382:
378:
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376:Rachel Corrie
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141:
139:Maintained by
137:
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113:
109:
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99:
94:
66:
64:
60:
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48:
33:
30:
19:
5210:Rafah, Egypt
5160:
5044:
4990:
4956:
4912:
4760:Oslo Accords
4690:Multilateral
4676:Soviet Union
4671:East Germany
4358:Saudi Arabia
4340:
4049:South Africa
4039:Sierra Leone
3846:Legal status
3836:in Palestine
3747:Soviet Union
3585:East Germany
3489:Saudi Arabia
3411:
3226:South Africa
3166:Burkina Faso
2946:Multilateral
2736:Saudi Arabia
2564:South Africa
2444:
2433:
2413:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2383:. Retrieved
2379:
2369:
2358:. Retrieved
2356:. 2023-11-01
2353:
2344:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:Ahram Online
2289:. Retrieved
2286:Ahram Online
2275:
2267:
2259:
2246:
2238:
2233:Anna Betts,
2229:
2205:
2196:
2184:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:
2160:
2151:
2128:. Retrieved
2126:. 2020-11-03
2123:
2114:
2103:. Retrieved
2101:. 2020-11-04
2098:
2089:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2046:
2036:
2027:
2022:
2013:
2008:
1999:
1982:
1963:
1958:
1949:
1944:
1935:
1914:
1909:
1900:
1895:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1854:
1845:
1828:
1823:
1814:
1809:
1800:
1783:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
1760:
1754:
1746:
1735:. Retrieved
1733:. 2008-01-24
1730:
1724:
1717:
1706:. Retrieved
1702:the original
1697:
1691:
1684:
1676:the original
1671:
1665:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1636:
1624:
1602:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1559:cite journal
1548:the original
1538:
1531:
1522:
1517:
1501:
1496:
1470:
1465:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1423:. Retrieved
1419:
1410:
1382:
1377:
1347:
1330:
1325:
1301:
1296:
1287:
1265:
1241:
1231:
1223:
1197:
1192:
1181:
1176:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1141:. Retrieved
1129:
1119:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:
1095:
1084:. Retrieved
1078:
1068:
1020:
1009:
1005:
997:
990:
962:
959:
951:
944:
941:2013 to 2020
920:
916:
900:
897:2011 to 2013
891:
884:
872:
864:
853:2007 to 2010
840:
832:
826:
823:
820:2005 to 2007
800:
796:
792:
760:
756:
752:
733:
720:
718:
705:
695:, while the
686:
662:
646:
634:
621:
618:
605:
587:
557:
553:Ma`bar RafaḼ
533:
531:
445:participants
417:Road to Hope
375:
370:Mavi Marmara
369:
359:Participants
262:Kerem Shalom
240:
152:(until 2005)
122:Rafah, Egypt
29:
4992:Fatima Gate
4960:(destroyed)
4702:Arab League
4635:New Zealand
4584:Switzerland
4534:Netherlands
4368:South Korea
4348:Philippines
4326:North Korea
4197:Afghanistan
4054:South Sudan
3791:Arab League
3731:New Zealand
3700:Switzerland
3655:Netherlands
3494:South Korea
3479:Philippines
3464:North Korea
3352:Afghanistan
3301:El Salvador
2963:Arab League
2899:New Zealand
2869:Switzerland
2741:South Korea
2726:Philippines
2711:North Korea
2569:South Sudan
2309:11 February
2291:11 February
972:, and some
835:Saeb Erekat
761:During the
699:-dominated
673:buffer zone
649:Six-Day War
594:settlements
246:GazaâIsrael
164:(2005â2007)
88: /
63:Coordinates
5194:Categories
5141:Gaza Strip
5110:Gaza Strip
5054:Witin the
4817:Legitimacy
4697:Arab world
4681:Yugoslavia
4625:Micronesia
4564:San Marino
4519:Luxembourg
4291:Kazakhstan
4244:East Timor
4217:Bangladesh
4207:Azerbaijan
4044:Somaliland
4034:Seychelles
3999:Mauritania
3645:Montenegro
3635:Luxembourg
3449:Kyrgyzstan
3444:Kazakhstan
3367:Bangladesh
3362:Azerbaijan
3005:2nd Summit
2914:Yugoslavia
2651:Bangladesh
2385:2024-05-07
2360:2023-11-03
2335:2023-10-21
2175:2021-05-15
2130:2021-05-15
2124:EgyptToday
2105:2021-05-15
2080:2021-05-15
1769:2011-05-28
1737:2008-01-24
1708:2008-01-24
1425:2023-12-05
1143:2023-12-05
1110:2023-12-05
1086:2024-05-10
1061:References
966:Arab world
945:After the
912:revolution
789:Statistics
719:Under the
570:Gaza Strip
338:Lifeline 3
211:Gaza Strip
76:34°15â˛33âłE
73:31°14â˛55âłN
5080:Bethlehem
4800:in Israel
4795:of Israel
4733:Diplomacy
4610:Australia
4514:Lithuania
4373:Sri Lanka
4363:Singapore
4342:Palestine
4259:Indonesia
4237:Hong Kong
4181:Venezuela
4099:Argentina
4004:Mauritius
3726:Australia
3499:Sri Lanka
3397:Indonesia
3336:Venezuela
3271:Argentina
2948:relations
2894:Australia
2721:Palestine
2666:Indonesia
2600:Argentina
2512:relations
2510:Bilateral
2380:Bloomberg
2099:Arab News
1138:0971-751X
1130:The Hindu
923:overthrow
776:in 2009.
774:land port
663:In 1979,
566:Palestine
547:romanized
389:reactions
233:Crossings
4994:(closed)
4916:(closed)
4484:Holy See
4388:Thailand
4336:Pakistan
4311:Maldives
4306:Malaysia
4227:Cambodia
4169:military
4154:Paraguay
4129:Colombia
4104:Barbados
4092:Americas
4074:Zimbabwe
3964:Ethiopia
3934:Cameroon
3929:Botswana
3756:Disputes
3685:Slovakia
3665:Portugal
3610:Holy See
3570:Bulgaria
3509:Thailand
3474:Pakistan
3459:Maldives
3454:Malaysia
3311:Honduras
3264:Americas
3246:Zimbabwe
3236:Tanzania
3186:Ethiopia
3176:Djibouti
3079:in Egypt
3068:Minister
3025:Disputes
2831:Slovenia
2786:Bulgaria
2751:Thailand
2716:Pakistan
2701:Mongolia
2696:Malaysia
2593:Americas
2579:Tanzania
2539:Ethiopia
2449:Archived
2330:POLITICO
1765:. Israel
1731:AsiaNews
1506:Archived
1486:Archived
1475:Archived
1352:Archived
1213:Archived
1202:Archived
1165:Archived
1029:See also
993:COVID-19
542:Ů
ؚبع ŘąŮŘ
319:Gaza War
195:Location
42:Ů
ؚبع ŘąŮŘ
4978:Lebanon
4787:Morocco
4775:Bahrain
4603:Oceania
4589:Ukraine
4554:Romania
4499:Ireland
4494:Iceland
4489:Hungary
4474:Germany
4464:Finland
4459:Denmark
4444:Croatia
4439:Belgium
4434:Belarus
4429:Austria
4424:Albania
4403:Vietnam
4316:Myanmar
4301:Lebanon
4249:Georgia
4212:Bahrain
4202:Armenia
4176:Uruguay
4109:Bolivia
4064:Tunisia
4024:Nigeria
4014:Namibia
4009:Morocco
3984:Liberia
3959:Eritrea
3919:Algeria
3719:Oceania
3705:Ukraine
3670:Romania
3625:Ireland
3620:Iceland
3615:Hungary
3600:Germany
3590:Finland
3580:Denmark
3560:Belgium
3555:Belarus
3550:Austria
3545:Albania
3524:Vietnam
3439:Lebanon
3387:Georgia
3372:Bahrain
3357:Armenia
3331:Uruguay
3306:Ecuador
3276:Bolivia
3241:Tunisia
3221:Somalia
3211:Nigeria
3206:Namibia
3201:Morocco
3171:Comoros
3161:Algeria
2888:Oceania
2874:Ukraine
2849:Albania
2811:Germany
2801:Denmark
2791:Croatia
2646:Armenia
2630:Uruguay
2584:Tunisia
2559:Somalia
2554:Morocco
2534:Eritrea
2529:Algeria
2354:REUTERS
1650:Haaretz
982:Belgium
626:History
549::
101:Crosses
5150:
5138:
5107:
5031:
4975:
4934:Jordan
4931:
4892:
4873:Israel
4870:
4755:Jordan
4579:Sweden
4569:Serbia
4559:Russia
4549:Poland
4544:Norway
4529:Monaco
4509:Kosovo
4479:Greece
4469:France
4449:Cyprus
4417:Europe
4393:Turkey
4383:Taiwan
4296:Kuwait
4286:Jordan
4222:Bhutan
4149:Panama
4144:Mexico
4119:Canada
4114:Brazil
4069:Uganda
4029:Rwanda
3994:Malawi
3974:Guinea
3924:Angola
3912:Africa
3740:Former
3695:Sweden
3680:Serbia
3675:Russia
3660:Poland
3650:Norway
3605:Greece
3595:France
3575:Cyprus
3538:Europe
3514:Turkey
3434:Kuwait
3429:Jordan
3413:Israel
3377:Brunei
3316:Mexico
3286:Canada
3281:Brazil
3154:Africa
2907:Former
2864:Serbia
2859:Russia
2854:Kosovo
2826:Poland
2816:Greece
2806:France
2796:Cyprus
2770:Europe
2756:Turkey
2691:Jordan
2681:Israel
2615:Mexico
2610:Canada
2605:Brazil
2522:Africa
2415:17 May
2054:5 July
1136:
986:Norway
978:Europe
970:Turkey
578:Israel
538:Arabic
183:
111:Locale
5153:Egypt
5034:Syria
4895:Egypt
4782:Sudan
4750:Egypt
4655:Tonga
4650:Samoa
4640:Palau
4630:Nauru
4574:Spain
4524:Malta
4504:Italy
4408:Yemen
4378:Syria
4353:Qatar
4321:Nepal
4281:Japan
4254:India
4232:China
4139:Haiti
4124:Chile
4059:Sudan
4019:Niger
3989:Libya
3979:Kenya
3969:Ghana
3949:Egypt
3690:Spain
3640:Malta
3630:Italy
3529:Yemen
3504:Syria
3484:Qatar
3424:Japan
3392:India
3382:China
3291:Chile
3231:Sudan
3196:Libya
3191:Kenya
3181:Egypt
3094:EFTCA
2836:Spain
2821:Italy
2746:Syria
2731:Qatar
2706:Nepal
2686:Japan
2661:India
2656:China
2574:Sudan
2549:Libya
2544:Kenya
2439:Gisha
1551:(PDF)
1544:(PDF)
887:Gisha
875:Hamas
729:EUBAM
697:Fatah
677:Rafah
562:Egypt
556:) or
364:Ships
257:Karni
241:Rafah
162:EUBAM
5143:and
5100:and
5078:(in
4615:Fiji
4331:Oman
4269:Iraq
4264:Iran
4190:Asia
4159:Peru
4134:Cuba
3939:Chad
3469:Oman
3407:Iraq
3402:Iran
3345:Asia
3321:Peru
3296:Cuba
2983:ASPA
2976:1970
2972:1964
2968:1964
2676:Iraq
2671:Iran
2639:Asia
2620:Peru
2417:2024
2311:2024
2293:2024
2056:2019
1572:help
1502:FAQs
1134:ISSN
984:and
614:Erez
564:and
532:The
490:2024
478:2023
466:2016
454:2015
433:2011
384:Raid
346:2010
327:2009
306:2008
294:2007
282:2006
270:2004
251:Erez
4875:'s
2048:NPR
988:).
976:in
968:or
925:of
568:'s
150:IAA
5196::
3834:/
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2970:,
2778:EU
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