160:
138:
47:
726:
124:
112:
1061:
twin-engined bombers from the 2nd Mine-Torpedo
Aviation Regiment that comprised the first wave had to return because of mechanical problems before reaching their target. Of the two SB fast bombers of the second wave, one returned because of a malfunction and the other failed to return. The third wave
1056:
The 63rd Naval
Aviation Brigade's operations were more closely integrated into the navy's bombardment with attacks on Constanța in three waves. The first was intended to be before the ships opened fire, the second wave was to be during the bombardment and the last was to distract the Axis forces as
1052:
from the ships in
Constanța harbor was heavy and at least one bomber deliberately dropped its bombs into the sea. They were intercepted by Axis fighters after bombing Constanța and one bomber was shot down, although the bomber gunners claimed to have shot down two fighters. The regiment lost seven
829:
was credited with shooting down three SB bombers down during the raid and was celebrated as a national hero in a propaganda song. Three other DB-3s later bombed
Constanța that night with neither effect nor loss. With the failure of the initial air attacks,
1193:
1053:
aircraft that morning to all causes, and an additional pair returned home with one engine knocked out. Afterwards, the Long-Range
Aviation commanders decided that their bombers would only fly over Romania at night.
1345:
261:
958:
took off for observation and surveillance. At the same time, the
Romanian coastal battery and two warships opened fire with their 120 mm (4.7 in) guns from a distance of 14 miles (23 km). The
1669:
987:
struck a mine at 4:21 and sank within a few minutes, with 268 sailors killed and 69 survivors captured by the
Romanians. According to most sources, she was sunk by Romanian mines, although shells from
518:
254:
1679:
1348:[June 26th 1941 – The First Attack of the Soviet Navy, repelled by the Romanian Navy. Rear Admiral Peter Zamfir, Participant in the Sinking of the Destroyer "Moskva"].
247:
1295:
511:
1326:
1684:
1674:
1346:"26 iunie 1941- Primul atac al Flotei Sovietice, respins de Forţele Navale Române. Viceamiralul Petre Zamfir, participant la scufundarea distrugătorului "Moskva""
825:
bombers from the 2nd Mine-Torpedo
Aviation Regiment unsuccessfully attacked Constanța during the afternoon. Two SBs failed to return; the Romanian fighter pilot
504:
285:
1664:
635:
630:
625:
620:
607:
709:
Several groups of bombers later bombed the city that day and the following night, but caused no damage to their targets. Nine bombers were shot down by
1654:
1194:"Horia Agarici, "Salvatorul Constanței", comemorat în orașul pe care l-a salvat. Eroul a decolat cu aparatul defect și a doborât trei avioane inamice"
307:
602:
920:
and warehouses, and damaging port infrastructure. The
Romanians were expecting a Soviet raid and their defences, consisting of the destroyers
1699:
675:. The attack was intended to be a coordinated effort between the fleet's ships and aircraft to split the attention of the defenders, but the
557:
569:
564:
1599:
Yakubov, Vladimir & Worth, Richard (2008). "The Soviet
Project 7/7U Destroyers". In Jordan, John & Dent, Stephen (eds.).
933:
698:
and several Romanian ships. The two destroyer leaders were slightly damaged and withdrew under fire, steaming into a Romanian
1635:
1612:
1589:
1566:
1525:
1460:
1437:
881:
407:
838:
448:
339:
887:
433:
397:
1547:
1502:
1483:
672:
528:
30:
1040:
on the morning of 26 June. Seventeen DB-3s from the 21st Long-Range Bomber Regiment took off from their airfield in
423:
364:
940:
428:
1090:
had sunk, which claimed to have shot down 11 DB-3s and 7 SBs. Seven SBs did get through to attack Constanța.
717:. The defeat caused the Soviets to be much more cautious in using their ships within range of Axis defenses.
480:
349:
837:, commander of the Black Sea Fleet, decided to launch a combined aerial and naval attack on Constanța and a
34:
1093:
The Romanians claimed to have shot down nine Tupolev SB bombers during the battle, two of them claimed by
1659:
589:
413:
443:
46:
1296:"Ziua în care Marina Română le-a scos rușilor războiul din cap: "Echipaj, ocupați posturile de luptă""
1694:
875:
850:
574:
334:
916:
task force approached and shelled Constanța in the early hours of 26 June 1941, setting ablaze some
1689:
1102:
866:
810:
354:
954:
fired no less than 350 shells from their 130 mm (5.1 in) guns. At 4:09, aircraft of the
955:
860:
390:
344:
271:
547:
383:
329:
979:
which caused damage to her steam piping. The Soviets began to withdraw at 4:12 while laying a
1517:
1475:
1430:
From Barbarossa to Odessa: The Luftwaffe and Axis Allies Strike South-East, June-October 1941
1025:
766:
personnel, although it was nominally under Romanian control like all Axis forces in Romania.
725:
710:
584:
552:
465:
418:
239:
1073:
774:
660:
401:
371:
1470:
Hervieux, Pierre (2001). "The Romanian Navy at War, 1941–1945". In Preston, Antony (ed.).
317:
8:
1327:"Lupta aero-navala din 26 iunie 1941 de la Constanta. Cine a scufundat liderul "Moskva"?"
1063:
1021:
781:
747:
187:
927:
803:
56:
1049:
787:
579:
470:
290:
164:
116:
111:
84:
1631:
1608:
1604:
1585:
1581:
1562:
1543:
1521:
1498:
1479:
1456:
1452:
1433:
1077:
1015:
834:
759:
744:
695:
594:
475:
438:
192:
921:
901:
714:
485:
376:
295:
1535:
892:, were organized into a task force for the attack. The latter destroyer, however,
1622:
Yakubov, Vladimir & Worth, Richard (2009). "The Soviet Light Cruisers of the
1106:
946:, were prepared to engage the Soviet ships. In ten minutes, starting from 04:02,
905:
kept 100 miles (160 km) offshore to exploit any initial success, and Soviet
856:
740:
683:
652:
460:
204:
893:
324:
821:
light bombers of the Black Sea Fleet's 40th Bomber Aviation Regiment and four
16:
Attack by the Soviet Black Sea Fleet on the Romanian port of Constanța in 1941
1648:
1109:, caused Oktyabrsky to be much more cautious in his use of surface warships.
1058:
996:
826:
822:
1037:
980:
831:
770:
763:
702:; one of the destroyer leaders was sunk and the cruiser was damaged by the
668:
159:
143:
129:
38:
1578:
Death on the Don: The Destruction of Germany's Allies on the Eastern Front
1561:(in Romanian). București: Editura Centrului Tehnic-Editorial al Armatei .
1540:
Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
1105:
guns. The failure of the raid, together with other losses suffered by the
656:
80:
755:
664:
1197:
1101:. The remaining six aircraft were shot down by a Romanian AA battery of
897:
818:
814:
799:
794:
703:
1542:(Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
496:
1029:
778:
730:
699:
691:
359:
182:
177:
52:
1670:
Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II
1514:
Steel and Ice: The U-boat Battle in the Arctic and Black Sea 1941–45
686:
were ordered to bombard the port in the early morning, covered by a
968:
917:
817:, destroying 37 Soviet aircraft on the ground. In retaliation four
671:, and resulted in the only encounter between major warships in the
872:
687:
199:
1428:
Bernád, Dénes; Karlenko, Dmitriy & Roba, Jean-Louis (2007).
777:, codenamed Operation Barbarossa, on 22 June 1941, the Romanian
1045:
1033:
906:
676:
211:
896:
en route and had to return to port. The Soviets also had the
750:
to bolster obsolete Romanian coastal defences, including the
269:
1041:
963:
battery also began to adjust its fire on the Soviet ships.
694:. They caused some damage, but they were engaged by Axis
1680:
Naval battles of World War II involving the Soviet Union
1028:
Brigade coordinated their attacks against targets in
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1427:
743:in November 1940, the Germans agreed to construct
1630:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 82–95.
1646:
1557:Stroea, Adrian & Băjenaru, Gheorghe (2010).
1228:
971:being brought down by a 120 mm shell while
659:on 26 June 1941, shortly after the beginning of
1685:Naval battles of World War II involving Germany
1675:Naval battles of World War II involving Romania
1497:. Campaign 129. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
1495:Operation Barbarossa 1941 (1): Army Group South
1449:Where the Iron Crosses Grow: The Crimea 1941–44
1263:
1261:
1556:
1007:was also damaged by a mine that exploded when
1343:
813:launched attacks against Soviet airfields in
806:to protect Constanța between 16 and 19 June.
754:battery south of Constanța, armed with three
608:Operations in Romanian-occupied Soviet waters
512:
255:
1621:
1598:
1258:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1081:
1067:
1311:
1309:
1665:Black Sea naval operations of World War II
1388:Bernád, Karlenko & Roba, pp. 12, 32–33
1324:
1251:
1249:
1247:
967:was damaged by the Romanian warships, her
519:
505:
273:Romanian military actions in World War II
262:
248:
1655:Battles of World War II involving Romania
1492:
1212:
120:
1511:
1469:
1306:
983:, but sailed into a Romanian minefield.
724:
679:did not attack at the designated times.
1446:
1406:Bernád, Karlenko & Roba, pp. 12, 33
1244:
1186:
526:
1647:
1534:
762:guns. The battery was operated by 700
1575:
1125:The actual Soviet losses are unknown.
603:Soviet raids in the western Black Sea
500:
243:
1700:Naval bombing operations and battles
1179:
1177:
1003:have also been suggested as causes.
995:coastal battery or an unintentional
839:seaborne assault on the Danube Delta
1559:Artileria Română în date și imagini
1337:
999:torpedo attack by Soviet submarine
775:German invasion of the Soviet Union
13:
1397:Bernád, Karlenko & Roba, p. 33
1183:Bernád, Karlenko & Roba, p. 22
398:Western Allied Campaign in Romania
14:
1711:
1174:
773:about the scheduled date for the
455:As part of the Allies (1944–1945)
223:Constanța port facilities damaged
1285:Yakubov & Worth 2008, p. 113
1267:Yakubov & Worth 2008, p. 112
1057:the ships withdrew. The pair of
286:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
158:
136:
122:
110:
45:
1626:Class". In Jordan, John (ed.).
1421:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1318:
1302:(in Romanian). 3 December 2021.
1288:
1279:
1276:Yakubov & Worth 2009, p. 92
1270:
1119:
1103:102 mm (4 in) Ansaldo
1076:fighters from the 3rd Group of
1024:and the Black Sea Fleet's 63rd
760:28 cm (11 in) SK L/45
302:As part of the Axis (1941–1944)
1344:Feri Predescu (26 June 2015).
1325:Dănuț Albu (23 January 2016).
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
844:
1:
1415:Storea & Băjenaru, p. 110
720:
673:Black Sea during World War II
1132:
651:was an attack by the Soviet
7:
1512:Paterson, Lawrence (2016).
909:also joined in the attack.
706:as they departed the area.
10:
1716:
1493:Kirchubel, Robert (2003).
1432:. Hinckley, UK: Midland.
934:Romanian coastal battery
739:After Romania joined the
538:
281:
217:
170:
149:
103:
63:
44:
28:
23:
1576:Trigg, Jonathan (2013).
1447:Forczyk, Robert (2014).
1112:
811:Royal Romanian Air Force
655:on the Romanian port of
1516:. Annapolis, Maryland:
956:Romanian Naval Aviation
941:German coastal battery
802:between Cape Midia and
228:1 destroyer leader sunk
1379:Rohwer, pp. 82–83, 101
1082:
1068:
736:
150:Commanders and leaders
1605:Conway Maritime Press
1518:Naval Institute Press
1476:Conway Maritime Press
1062:was intercepted by a
1026:Soviet Naval Aviation
880:, and the destroyers
728:
218:Casualties and losses
1074:Messerschmitt Bf 109
1036:, Constanța and the
661:Operation Barbarossa
1607:. pp. 99–114.
1241:Hervieux, pp. 70–71
1022:Long-Range Aviation
975:was further hit by
530:Black Sea Campaigns
230:9 bombers destroyed
31:Black Sea Campaigns
1660:World War II raids
1478:. pp. 70–88.
1331:ligamilitarilor.ro
1050:Anti-aircraft fire
737:
711:anti-aircraft fire
615:Submarine Campaign
449:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
434:1st Jassy–Kishinev
424:Dnieper–Carpathian
210:unknown number of
165:Filipp Oktyabrskiy
1637:978-1-84486-089-0
1614:978-1-84486-062-3
1591:978-0-7509-5189-0
1582:The History Press
1568:978-6-06524-080-3
1527:978-1-59114-258-4
1472:Warship 2001–2002
1462:978-1-78200-625-1
1453:Osprey Publishing
1439:978-1-85780-273-3
871:, covered by the
857:destroyer leaders
835:Filipp Oktyabrsky
745:coastal artillery
696:coastal artillery
684:destroyer leaders
649:Raid on Constanța
644:
643:
494:
493:
238:
237:
226:1 cruiser damaged
205:destroyer leaders
193:coastal artillery
99:
98:
24:Raid on Constanța
1707:
1695:June 1941 events
1641:
1618:
1595:
1572:
1553:
1531:
1508:
1489:
1466:
1443:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1242:
1239:
1226:
1225:Trigg, pp. 81–82
1223:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:Kirchubel, p. 41
1151:
1145:
1144:Paterson, p. 128
1142:
1126:
1123:
1086:52), well after
1085:
1071:
1013:
902:Pariskaya Komuna
667:invasion of the
533:
531:
521:
514:
507:
498:
497:
276:
274:
264:
257:
250:
241:
240:
186:1 anti-aircraft
163:
162:
142:
140:
139:
132:
128:
126:
125:
115:
114:
65:
64:
49:
21:
20:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1690:1941 in Romania
1645:
1644:
1638:
1615:
1592:
1569:
1550:
1528:
1505:
1486:
1463:
1440:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1342:
1338:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1229:
1224:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1196:(in Romanian).
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1171:Hervieux, p. 70
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1107:Black Sea Fleet
1095:Amiral Murgescu
1078:Fighter Wing 52
1011:
847:
809:On 22 June the
783:Amiral Murgescu
741:Tripartite Pact
734:Amiral Murgescu
723:
653:Black Sea Fleet
645:
640:
612:
599:
575:6 December 1941
534:
529:
527:
525:
495:
490:
481:Bratislava–Brno
277:
272:
270:
268:
233:
231:
229:
227:
209:
207:
202:
190:
185:
180:
157:
137:
135:
123:
121:
119:
109:
87:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1619:
1613:
1596:
1590:
1580:. Stroud, UK:
1573:
1567:
1554:
1548:
1536:Rohwer, Jürgen
1532:
1526:
1509:
1503:
1490:
1484:
1467:
1461:
1451:. Oxford, UK:
1444:
1438:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1336:
1333:(in Romanian).
1317:
1315:Forczyk, p. 33
1305:
1300:Marina Noastră
1287:
1278:
1269:
1257:
1255:Forczyk, p. 39
1243:
1227:
1211:
1200:. 23 June 2016
1185:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1083:Jagdgeschwader
1018:triggered it.
846:
843:
789:Regele Carol I
769:Forewarned by
722:
719:
642:
641:
639:
638:
633:
628:
623:
611:
610:
605:
598:
597:
592:
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582:
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1625:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
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1560:
1555:
1551:
1549:1-59114-119-2
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1504:1-84176-697-6
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1485:0-85177-901-8
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1454:
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1445:
1441:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1370:Rohwer, p. 83
1367:
1352:(in Romanian)
1351:
1347:
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1321:
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1301:
1297:
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1234:
1232:
1222:
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1216:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1162:Rohwer, p. 78
1159:
1150:
1141:
1137:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1059:Ilyushin Il-4
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1010:
1009:Soobrazitelny
1006:
1002:
998:
997:friendly fire
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
944:
938:
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919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:
885:
884:
883:Soobrazitelny
879:
878:
874:
870:
869:
864:
863:
858:
855:
853:
842:
840:
836:
833:
828:
827:Horia Agarici
824:
823:Ilyushin DB-3
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
796:
791:
790:
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776:
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619:
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609:
606:
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596:
595:Crimea (1944)
593:
591:
590:Kerch–Eltigen
588:
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583:
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578:
576:
573:
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570:Crimea (1941)
568:
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429:Uman–Botoșani
427:
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414:Kerch-Eltigen
412:
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399:
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393:
392:Little Saturn
389:
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36:
35:Eastern Front
32:
27:
22:
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1628:Warship 2009
1627:
1623:
1601:Warship 2008
1600:
1577:
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1513:
1494:
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1448:
1429:
1422:Bibliography
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1349:
1339:
1330:
1320:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1202:. Retrieved
1188:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1121:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1055:
1038:Danube River
1020:
1008:
1004:
1000:
992:
989:Regina Maria
988:
984:
981:smoke screen
976:
972:
964:
960:
951:
947:
942:
935:
928:
923:Regina Maria
922:
913:
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888:
882:
876:
867:
861:
851:
848:
832:Vice Admiral
808:
793:
788:
782:
771:Adolf Hitler
768:
764:Kriegsmarine
751:
738:
733:
708:
681:
669:Soviet Union
648:
646:
614:
613:
558:
548:26 June 1941
542:
444:Lublin–Brest
402:
391:
385:Winter Storm
384:
377:
365:
318:
312:
208:2 destroyers
144:Soviet Union
104:Belligerents
95:Axis victory
71:26 June 1941
55:
39:World War II
29:Part of the
18:
1204:26 November
1097:and one by
894:ran aground
845:Bombardment
798:laid 1,000
756:World War I
585:Cape Burnas
553:9 July 1941
234:69 captured
232:268+ killed
1649:Categories
1603:. London:
1474:. London:
1005:Voroshilov
939:, and the
914:Voroshilov
898:battleship
877:Voroshilov
819:Tupolev SB
815:Bessarabia
779:minelayers
721:Background
713:and Axis
403:Tidal Wave
372:Stalingrad
340:Sevastopol
178:destroyers
1133:Citations
1030:Bucharest
1016:paravanes
936:Elisabeta
918:oil tanks
889:Smyshleny
852:Leningrad
748:batteries
731:minelayer
729:Romanian
700:minefield
692:destroyer
657:Constanța
543:Constanța
408:Bucharest
366:Edelweiss
313:Constanța
308:Bucharest
195:batteries
183:minelayer
81:Constanța
53:destroyer
51:Romanian
1538:(2005).
1198:Adevărul
1064:squadron
1001:Shch-206
991:and the
969:mainmast
715:fighters
580:Jibrieni
476:Budapest
471:Debrecen
171:Strength
76:Location
1356:11 July
1099:Mărăşti
1069:staffel
993:Tirpitz
977:Tirpitz
973:Kharkov
961:Tirpitz
952:Kharkov
943:Tirpitz
929:Mărăști
907:bombers
873:cruiser
868:Kharkov
752:Tirpitz
688:cruiser
677:bombers
559:München
419:Dnieper
355:Kharkov
319:München
296:Treznea
212:bombers
200:cruiser
188:battery
130:Germany
117:Romania
85:Romania
57:Mărăști
33:of the
1634:
1611:
1588:
1565:
1546:
1524:
1501:
1482:
1459:
1436:
1350:Evz.ro
1088:Moskva
1046:Crimea
1034:Sulina
985:Moskva
965:Moskva
948:Moskva
932:, the
862:Moskva
854:-class
795:Aurora
690:and a
663:, the
565:Odessa
486:Prague
466:Păuliș
439:Crimea
378:Uranus
345:Rostov
330:Odessa
291:Diosig
141:
127:
92:Result
1624:Kirov
1113:Notes
1072:) of
1012:'
804:Tuzla
800:mines
758:-era
704:mines
461:Turda
350:Kerch
1632:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1563:ISBN
1544:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1358:2016
1206:2017
1042:Saky
950:and
912:The
886:and
865:and
849:Two
792:and
682:Two
665:Axis
647:The
636:1944
631:1943
626:1942
621:1941
360:Blue
335:Azov
325:Uman
68:Date
37:of
1651::
1584:.
1520:.
1455:.
1329:.
1308:^
1298:.
1260:^
1246:^
1230:^
1214:^
1176:^
1048:.
1044:,
1032:,
1014:s
926:,
859:,
841:.
786:,
406:,
203:2
198:1
191:2
181:1
176:2
83:,
1640:.
1617:.
1594:.
1571:.
1552:.
1530:.
1507:.
1488:.
1465:.
1442:.
1360:.
1208:.
1080:(
1066:(
520:e
513:t
506:v
410:)
400:(
263:e
256:t
249:v
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