165:. "Under his protection," Amatus reports, "they hastened to plunder the neighboring places and to harass his enemies. But since human thoughts are inclined to greed and money always triumphs in the end, from time to time they abandoned him... They sold their services as they could, according to circumstances, offering most to him who gave most." Soon the balance of power in Lombard Campania lay in Norman hands: "For the Normans never desired any of the Lombards to win a decisive victory, in case this should be to their disadvantage. But now supporting the one and then aiding the other, they prevented anyone being completely ruined."
58:
208:
and from his former
Lombard allies. He conquered his neighbour Pandulf's principality, and Conrad approved the union of the two domains, which formed the largest polity in southern Italy. In 1039, he was at the side of
149:
and ended in defeat. They were decimated and their leader, Rainulf's brother
Gilbert, was killed. Rainulf, who now came to the fore as the undisputed leader, withdrew with the remnants of the band from Apulia to
356:
161:
They took to protecting, at a price, bands of pilgrims headed for the shrine of St
Michael from the depredations of other marauders. Rainulf also served the Lombard
168:
Norman reinforcements and local miscreants, who found a welcome in
Rainulf's encampment with no questions asked, swelled the numbers at Rainulf's command. Their
216:
Ranulf was one of the leaders of the anti-Byzantine coalition which rebelled in southern Italy in 1040. He took part in the decisive victory at the
128:, who had rebelled against his Byzantine overlords but who was currently on the run. Their first major engagement with the army of the Byzantine
351:
188:
north of Naples, with the title of count and his sister in marriage. In 1034, this first wife died, and
Rainulf married the daughter of the
196:, who was also the niece of Sergius' inveterate enemy, Pandulf IV of Capua; He expanded his territory at the expense of the abbey of
256:
158:, though surrounded by enemies they were able to take advantage of dissension among the undisciplined Lombard lords.
204:. After vanquishing the Byzantines in battle in 1038, he declared himself prince, formalizing his independence from
94:
101:. They brought with them a band of 250 warriors, formed of other exiles, landless cadets and similar adventurers.
17:
410:
184:, with whom he achieved some success. In 1030, Duke Sergius gave him the former Byzantine stronghold of
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229:
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and Norman customs welded a disparate group into the semblance of a nation, as Amatus observed.
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86:
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and Monte
Gargano. He died in June 1045 and was succeeded by his nephew,
224:, he received, from the erstwhile Byzantine territories, suzerainty over
110:
113:, which was in a state of virtual anarchy. Establishing a stronghold at
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adventurer and mercenary in southern Italy. In 1030 he became the first
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146:
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38:
57:
377:
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Italy in 1000 AD, prior to
Rainulf's arrival in southern Italy
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are the main contemporary sources for the career of
Rainulf.
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in March 1041. In 1042, after the victory of his Norman ally
142:
89:
went on a pilgrimage to the shrine of the soldier-archangel,
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52:
200:. His title to Aversa was recognised in 1037 by
397:
180:Rainulf eventually switched his allegiance to
279:
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317:
315:
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56:
325:, (Cornell University Press, 1971), 67.
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14:
398:
352:Norman World: The first Norman rulers
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69:for a violent criminal act, Rainulf,
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287:, (Blackwell Publishing, 2006), 76.
33:(also Ranulph, Ranulf, or Rannulf;
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25:
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257:Norman conquest of southern Italy
53:Early life and arrival in Italy
328:
303:
290:
121:, they joined forces with the
13:
1:
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95:Monte Sant'Angelo sul Gargano
109:In 1017 they arrived in the
7:
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65:When Rainulf was exiled by
10:
447:
384:
375:
367:
145:, was a disaster for the
45:. He was a member of the
358:Lexikon des Mittlealters
336:Warfare in Feudal Europe
323:Warfare in Feudal Europe
296:Amatus of Montecassino,
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213:and the emperor Conrad.
37:990 – June 1045) was a
298:History of the Normans
241:Amatus of Montecassino
156:Amatus of Montecassino
154:, where, according to
67:Richard II of Normandy
62:
234:Asclettin of Acerenza
211:Guaimar IV of Salerno
141:, an ancient Apulian
73:, and their brothers
60:
182:Sergius IV of Naples
283:Marjorie Chibnall,
163:Pandulf IV of Capua
99:Catepanate of Italy
411:Norman mercenaries
218:battle of Olivento
176:Mercenary to Count
63:
394:
393:
385:Succeeded by
245:William of Apulia
202:Emperor Conrad II
105:Mercenary service
97:in the Byzantine
16:(Redirected from
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426:Counts of Aversa
382:1030–1045
368:Preceded by
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310:
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222:William Iron Arm
139:Battle of Cannae
137:, fought at the
81:(later count of
27:Norman mercenary
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416:Norman warriors
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378:Count of Aversa
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361:vol. VII, p 422
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239:The historians
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170:Norman language
135:Basil Boioannes
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75:Gilbert Buatère
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43:count of Aversa
31:Rainulf Drengot
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23:
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12:
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431:Dukes of Gaeta
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262:Drengot family
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47:Drengot family
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18:Ranulf Drengot
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2:
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406:Italo-Normans
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321:John Beeler,
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198:Montecassino
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34:
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421:1045 deaths
285:The Normans
111:Mezzogiorno
400:Categories
346:References
388:Asclettin
232:, son of
230:Asclettin
79:Asclettin
251:See also
152:Campania
83:Acerenza
226:Siponto
147:Normans
131:catepan
123:Lombard
91:Michael
85:), and
309:Amatus
300:book I
206:Naples
194:Amalfi
186:Aversa
119:Apulia
71:Osmond
39:Norman
338:, 68.
268:Notes
143:villa
93:, at
87:Raulf
371:none
243:and
190:duke
192:of
117:in
402::
314:^
276:^
236:.
77:,
49:.
35:c.
20:)
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