335:-37 as a function of altitude and as a function of depth underground. He deployed a detector containing chlorine atoms at the Brookhaven Reactor in 1954 and later one of the reactors at Savannah River. These experiments failed to detect a surplus of radioactive argon when the reactors were operating over when the reactors were shut down, and this was taken as the first experimental evidence that neutrinos causing the chlorine reaction, and antineutrinos produced in reactors, were distinct. Detecting neutrinos proved considerably more difficult than not detecting antineutrinos. Davis was the lead scientist behind the
1230:
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327:, but whose separate existence had not been confirmed. Davis investigated the detection of neutrinos by beta decay, the process by which a neutrino brings enough energy to a nucleus to make certain stable isotopes into radioactive ones. Since the rate for this process is very low, the number of radioactive atoms created in neutrino experiments is very small, and Davis began investigating the rates of processes other than beta decay that would mimic the signal of neutrinos. Using barrels and tanks of
33:
939:"Neutrinos from the Sun: The 2003 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics presented to John Bahcall11Institute for Advanced Study, School of Natural Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA., Raymond Davis, Jr.22Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA., and Masatoshi Koshiba33International Center for Elementary Particle Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"
249:. He spent several years as a choirboy to please his mother, although he could not carry a tune. He enjoyed attending the concerts at the Watergate before air traffic was loud enough to drown out the music. His brother Warren, 14 months younger than he, was his constant companion in boyhood. He received his B.S. from the
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The ionization constant of carbonic acid and the solubility of carbon-dioxide in water and sodium chloride solutions from 0 to 50 degrees c.
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382:. They had five children and lived in the same house in Blue Point, New York for over 50 years. On May 31, 2006, he died in
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Davis reports that he was asked "to find something interesting to work on," and dedicated his career to the study of
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Davis met his wife Anna Torrey at
Brookhaven and together they built a 21-foot wooden sailboat, the
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Davis receiving the Medal of
Science from President Bush, with OSTP Director Marburger on the left
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575:"Measurement of the solar electron neutrino flux with the Homestake chlorine detector"
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Davis was born in
Washington, D.C., where his father was a photographer for the
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977:"The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details | Raymond Davis"
255:
University of
Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences
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771:"The Life of Raymond Davis, Jr. and the Beginning of Neutrino Astronomy"
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1982:
1950:
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1153:"1992 W.K.H. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics Recipient"
1001:
National
Science Foundation – The President's National Medal of Science
499:"Attempt to detect the Antineutrinos from a Nuclear Reactor by the Cl (
324:
257:. He also received a master's degree from that school and a Ph.D. from
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observing the results of chemical weapons tests and exploring the
910:"Raymond Davis, who detected elusive solar particles, dies at 91"
292:
After his discharge from the army in 1945, Davis went to work at
218:
170:
331:
as detectors, Davis characterized the rate of the production of
358:, Davis was recognized for his work on the detection of cosmic
323:, particles which had been predicted to explain the process of
191:
884:"Raymond Davis Jr., Nobelist Who Caught Neutrinos, Dies at 91"
753:. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 1–28.
332:
229:
in the 1960s-1980s, which was the first experiment to detect
1774:
278:
1281:
3569:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
747:
Biographical
Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
1178:"1988 Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics Recipient"
3654:
Benjamin
Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
744:
Lande, Kenneth (2018). "Raymond Davis Jr. 1914–2006".
667:
Davis, R. Jr., Cleveland, B. T. & J. K. Rowley.
647:"Report on the Brookhaven Solar Neutrino Experiment"
3559:
Deaths from
Alzheimer's disease in New York (state)
656:Davis, R. Jr., Evans, J. C. & B. T. Cleveland.
233:emitted from the Sun; for this he shared the 2002
536:
496:
217:(October 14, 1914 – May 31, 2006) was an American
312:, which was attempting to find peaceful uses for
3609:Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
3530:
1233:including the Nobel Lecture on December 8, 2002
857:"Press Release: The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics"
572:
907:
3624:Brookhaven National Laboratory Nobel laureates
3285:
743:
699:
671:, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at
533:– Non-detection of antineutrinos with chlorine
370:. He was 88 years old when awarded the prize.
3271:
1760:
1267:
1065:"George Ellery Hale Prize - Previous Winners"
933:
881:
775:Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
3594:University of Maryland, College Park alumni
253:in 1938 in chemistry, which is part of the
240:
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3264:
1767:
1753:
1274:
1260:
1228:
31:
725:
598:
562:
526:
3649:Deaths from dementia in New York (state)
3619:Fellows of the American Physical Society
3599:Winners of the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize
1195:
397:
225:. He is best known as the leader of the
1090:"Acoustics Work Honored at ASA Meeting"
851:
849:
823:
821:
819:
764:
762:
760:
739:
737:
669:"Variations in the Solar Neutrino Flux"
605:– final results of Homestake Experiment
285:basin for evidence of its predecessor,
3531:
927:
693:
573:Cleveland, B. T.; et al. (1998).
306:United States Atomic Energy Commission
3259:
1748:
1255:
1039:"Hale Prize awarded to Raymond Davis"
768:
609:
273:Davis spent most of the war years at
3629:Brookhaven National Laboratory staff
901:
875:
846:
816:
757:
734:
449:of the American Astronomical Society
393:
3574:National Medal of Science laureates
1235:A Half-Century with Solar Neutrinos
769:Lande, Kenneth (November 1, 2009).
645:Davis, R. Jr. & J.C. Evans Jr.
628:"Search for Neutrinos from the Sun"
569:– Proposal for Homestake Experiment
13:
3614:University of Pennsylvania faculty
795:10.1146/annurev.nucl.010909.083753
636:United States Department of Energy
615:Davis, R. Jr. & D. S. Harmer.
539:"Solar Neutrinos II, Experimental"
14:
3665:
1218:
981:NSF - National Science Foundation
943:Journal of the Franklin Institute
829:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002"
3644:Scientists from New York (state)
3639:People from Blue Point, New York
3584:Scientists from Washington, D.C.
3554:20th-century American physicists
937:; Pittel, Stuart (May 1, 2004).
908:David B. Caruso (June 2, 2006).
638:(through predecessor agency the
490:
466:of the American Physical Society
373:
354:for pioneering contributions to
346:in 2002 with Japanese physicist
3604:Wolf Prize in Physics laureates
1170:
1145:
1120:
1082:
1057:
1031:
1005:
994:
955:10.1016/j.jfranklin.2003.12.024
700:Lande, Kenneth (October 2006).
969:
882:Kenneth Chang (June 2, 2006).
681:Brookhaven National Laboratory
677:Los Alamos National Laboratory
662:Brookhaven National Laboratory
651:Brookhaven National Laboratory
632:Brookhaven National Laboratory
621:Brookhaven National Laboratory
310:Brookhaven National Laboratory
16:American scientist (1914–2006)
1:
3634:Winners of the Panofsky Prize
3564:Enrico Fermi Award recipients
1182:The American Physical Society
1157:The American Physical Society
1132:American Astronomical Society
687:
458:American Astronomical Society
1208:National Academy of Sciences
702:"Obituary: Raymond Davis Jr"
653:(BNL), (September 22, 1976).
485:National Academy of Sciences
247:National Bureau of Standards
7:
1203:"Comstock Prize in Physics"
1128:"Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize"
537:Davis, Raymond Jr. (1964).
497:Davis, Raymond Jr. (1953).
10:
3670:
3589:American physical chemists
3579:Nobel laureates in Physics
1069:AAS Solar Physics Division
673:University of Pennsylvania
564:10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.303
185:University of Pennsylvania
3456:
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2896:
2553:
2242:
2020:
1786:
1702:
1651:
1560:
1499:
1424:
1317:
1290:
481:Comstock Prize in Physics
475:American Physical Society
454:Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize
435:National Medal of Science
268:
208:
190:
176:
162:
155:
138:National Medal of Science
128:Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize
118:Comstock Prize in Physics
112:
102:
88:
80:
61:
42:
30:
23:
3549:American Nobel laureates
683:(BNL), (August 2, 1987).
664:(BNL), (April 28, 1978).
658:"Solar Neutrino Problem"
640:Atomic Energy Commission
447:George Ellery Hale Prize
386:, from complications of
296:'s Mound Laboratory, in
241:Early life and education
1432:Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1100:(7): 75. July 1, 1994.
623:(BNL), (December 1964).
543:Physical Review Letters
464:W. K. H. Panofsky Prize
409:Benjamin Franklin Medal
3462:Nobel Prize recipients
3402:Physiology or Medicine
3393:(Italy, United States)
1780:Nobel Prize in Physics
528:10.1103/PhysRev.97.766
424:Nobel Prize in Physics
403:
364:solar neutrino problem
344:Nobel Prize in Physics
251:University of Maryland
235:Nobel Prize in Physics
143:Nobel Prize in Physics
93:University of Maryland
56:Washington, D.C., U.S.
1663:Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
1284:Wolf Prize in Physics
579:Astrophysical Journal
441:Wolf Prize in Physics
401:
308:. In 1948, he joined
275:Dugway Proving Ground
133:Wolf Prize in Physics
1452:Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
384:Blue Point, New York
368:Homestake Experiment
337:Homestake Experiment
329:carbon tetrachloride
227:Homestake experiment
73:Blue Point, New York
1391:Albert J. Libchaber
1387:Mitchell Feigenbaum
1308:Giuseppe Occhialini
1240:The Ghost Particle
1019:. December 10, 2018
787:2009ARNPS..59...21L
718:2006PhT....59j..78L
591:1998ApJ...496..505C
555:1964PhRvL..12..303D
519:1955PhRv...97..766D
471:Tom W. Bonner Prize
388:Alzheimer's disease
304:of interest to the
123:Tom W. Bonner Prize
1667:Allan H. MacDonald
1638:Charles H. Bennett
1616:Robert P. Kirshner
1606:Juan Ignacio Cirac
1227:on Nobelprize.org
1013:"Raymond Davis Jr"
935:Gaisser, Thomas K.
888:The New York Times
610:Other publications
404:
263:physical chemistry
148:Enrico Fermi Award
3526:
3525:
3433:Economic Sciences
3416:H. Robert Horvitz
3391:Riccardo Giacconi
3385:Masatoshi Koshiba
3379:Raymond Davis Jr.
3305:John Bennett Fenn
3253:
3252:
1742:
1741:
1582:Maximilian Haider
1517:Bertrand Halperin
1511:Masatoshi Koshiba
1507:Raymond Davis Jr.
1458:Benoît Mandelbrot
1446:Valentine Telegdi
1442:Maurice Goldhaber
1436:David J. Thouless
1405:Riccardo Giacconi
1381:Philippe Nozières
1357:Martin Lewis Perl
1343:Gerardus 't Hooft
1333:Kenneth G. Wilson
1282:Laureates of the
1225:Raymond Davis Jr.
1106:10.1063/1.2808583
1045:. January 1, 1996
727:10.1063/1.2387099
617:"Solar Neutrinos"
503:, e) Ar Reaction"
428:Masatoshi Koshiba
417:Masatoshi Koshiba
394:Honors and awards
362:, looking at the
352:Riccardo Giacconi
348:Masatoshi Koshiba
342:Davis shared the
215:Raymond Davis Jr.
212:
211:
157:Scientific career
25:Raymond Davis Jr.
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1908:Kamerlingh Onnes
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1612:James D. Bjorken
1596:Jacob Bekenstein
1531:François Englert
1397:Herbert Friedman
1353:Leon M. Lederman
1347:Victor Weisskopf
1304:George Uhlenbeck
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914:The Boston Globe
905:
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896:
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873:
872:
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868:
863:. Nobel Media AB
853:
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604:
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300:, doing applied
298:Miamisburg, Ohio
204:
151:
68:
53:October 14, 1914
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
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3452:
3449:(United States)
3447:Vernon L. Smith
3441:Daniel Kahneman
3427:
3422:John E. Sulston
3418:(United States)
3396:
3381:(United States)
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3362:(United States)
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3307:(United States)
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2898:
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2876:
2864:
2848:
2839:Cohen-Tannoudji
2832:
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2772:
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1572:Alain Aspect
1527:Robert Brout
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781:(1): 21–39.
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177:Institutions
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67:(2006-05-31)
65:May 31, 2006
18:
3544:2006 deaths
3539:1914 births
3288:Nobel Prize
2727:Steinberger
2643:K. Siegbahn
2635:Bloembergen
2356:Chamberlain
2089:Schrödinger
1999:M. Siegbahn
1928:W. H. Bragg
1924:W. L. Bragg
1722:Mathematics
1707:Agriculture
1693:Martin Rees
1683:Paul Corkum
1622:Yoseph Imry
1586:Harald Rose
1547:Albert Fert
1535:Peter Higgs
1401:Bruno Rossi
919:October 10,
893:October 10,
549:(11): 303.
81:Nationality
3533:Categories
3328:Literature
3244:L'Huillier
3208:Hasselmann
3164:Strickland
3132:Kosterlitz
3056:Perlmutter
2795:Brockhouse
2500:Schrieffer
2372:Hofstadter
2324:C. N. Yang
2081:Heisenberg
2058:De Broglie
1590:Knut Urban
1363:Erwin Hahn
688:References
642:), (1968).
513:(3): 766.
325:beta decay
49:1914-10-14
3343:(Hungary)
3297:Chemistry
3290:laureates
3228:Zeilinger
3048:Novoselov
3016:Kobayashi
2940:Abrikosov
2787:J. Taylor
2767:de Gennes
2759:R. Taylor
2651:K. Wilson
2599:R. Wilson
2583:Van Vleck
2554:1976–2000
2544:Rainwater
2540:Mottelson
2516:Josephson
2464:Gell-Mann
2428:Schwinger
2416:Prokhorov
2376:Mössbauer
2336:Cherenkov
2328:T. D. Lee
2252:Cockcroft
2243:1951–1975
2042:C. Wilson
2021:1926–1950
1967:Guillaume
1856:Michelson
1816:Becquerel
1787:1901–1925
1776:Laureates
1717:Chemistry
1553:(2006–07)
1523:(2002–03)
1476:(1996–97)
1470:(1994–95)
1383:(1984–85)
1373:(1983–84)
1114:0031-9228
1043:SolarNews
963:0016-0032
867:March 29,
803:0163-8998
360:neutrinos
321:neutrinos
265:in 1942.
231:neutrinos
223:physicist
167:Chemistry
107:Neutrinos
3443:(Israel)
3236:Agostini
3124:Thouless
3116:McDonald
3104:Nakamura
3072:Wineland
3004:GrĂĽnberg
2960:Politzer
2944:Ginzburg
2932:Giacconi
2912:Ketterle
2867:'t Hooft
2851:Laughlin
2843:Phillips
2823:Osheroff
2751:Friedman
2723:Schwartz
2719:Lederman
2639:Schawlow
2615:Weinberg
2424:Tomonaga
2316:Brattain
2308:Shockley
2217:Blackett
2209:Appleton
2201:Bridgman
2148:Lawrence
2128:Davisson
2108:Chadwick
1991:Millikan
1975:Einstein
1864:Lippmann
1832:Rayleigh
1824:M. Curie
1820:P. Curie
1727:Medicine
1187:March 9,
1162:March 9,
1137:March 9,
1074:March 9,
1049:March 9,
1023:March 9,
986:March 9,
838:March 9,
808:March 9,
679:(LANL),
294:Monsanto
181:Monsanto
84:American
3387:(Japan)
3371:Physics
3313:(Japan)
3224:Clauser
3188:Penrose
3172:Peebles
3128:Haldane
3096:Akasaki
3084:Englert
3076:Haroche
3060:Schmidt
3020:Maskawa
2972:Glauber
2964:Wilczek
2948:Leggett
2928:Koshiba
2908:Cornell
2899:present
2883:Kroemer
2879:Alferov
2871:Veltman
2855:Störmer
2775:Charpak
2755:Kendall
2739:Dehmelt
2707:Bednorz
2607:Glashow
2595:Penzias
2591:Kapitsa
2563:Richter
2536:A. Bohr
2512:Giaever
2492:Bardeen
2456:Alvarez
2440:Kastler
2432:Feynman
2312:Bardeen
2276:Zernike
2268:Purcell
2038:Compton
1983:N. Bohr
1872:Marconi
1804:Lorentz
1796:Röntgen
1778:of the
1733:Physics
783:Bibcode
714:Bibcode
634:(BNL),
587:Bibcode
551:Bibcode
515:Bibcode
483:of the
473:of the
456:of the
380:Halcyon
366:in the
219:chemist
171:physics
3240:Krausz
3234:2023:
3220:Aspect
3218:2022:
3212:Manabe
3204:Parisi
3202:2021:
3192:Genzel
3186:2020:
3180:Queloz
3170:2019:
3160:Mourou
3156:Ashkin
3154:2018:
3148:Thorne
3144:Barish
3138:2017:
3122:2016:
3112:Kajita
3110:2015:
3094:2014:
3082:2013:
3070:2012:
3054:2011:
3042:2010:
3026:2009:
3010:2008:
2998:2007:
2988:Mather
2986:2006:
2980:Hänsch
2970:2005:
2954:2004:
2938:2003:
2922:2002:
2916:Wieman
2906:2001:
2877:2000:
2865:1999:
2849:1998:
2833:1997:
2819:D. Lee
2817:1996:
2811:Reines
2805:1995:
2793:1994:
2781:1993:
2773:1992:
2765:1991:
2749:1990:
2735:Ramsey
2733:1989:
2717:1988:
2711:MĂĽller
2705:1987:
2699:Rohrer
2695:Binnig
2689:1986:
2681:1985:
2671:Rubbia
2669:1984:
2663:Fowler
2657:1983:
2649:1982:
2633:1981:
2623:Cronin
2621:1980:
2605:1979:
2589:1978:
2573:1977:
2561:1976:
2534:1975:
2528:Hewish
2522:1974:
2506:1973:
2496:Cooper
2490:1972:
2482:1971:
2472:Alfvén
2470:1970:
2462:1969:
2454:1968:
2446:1967:
2438:1966:
2422:1965:
2408:Townes
2406:1964:
2400:Jensen
2392:Wigner
2390:1963:
2384:Landau
2382:1962:
2370:1961:
2364:Glaser
2362:1960:
2350:1959:
2334:1958:
2322:1957:
2306:1956:
2294:1955:
2282:1954:
2274:1953:
2262:1952:
2256:Walton
2250:1951:
2233:Powell
2231:1950:
2225:Yukawa
2223:1949:
2215:1948:
2207:1947:
2199:1946:
2191:1945:
2183:1944:
2175:1943:
2146:1939:
2138:1938:
2126:1937:
2114:1936:
2106:1935:
2087:1933:
2079:1932:
2064:1930:
2056:1929:
2048:1928:
2036:1927:
2030:Perrin
2028:1926:
2007:Franck
2005:1925:
1997:1924:
1989:1923:
1981:1922:
1973:1921:
1965:1920:
1957:1919:
1951:Planck
1949:1918:
1943:Barkla
1941:1917:
1922:1915:
1914:1914:
1906:1913:
1898:1912:
1890:1911:
1882:1910:
1870:1909:
1862:1908:
1854:1907:
1846:1906:
1840:Lenard
1838:1905:
1830:1904:
1814:1903:
1808:Zeeman
1802:1902:
1794:1901:
1695:(2024)
1689:(2022)
1675:(2021)
1669:(2020)
1644:(2018)
1634:(2017)
1624:(2016)
1618:(2015)
1608:(2013)
1598:(2012)
1592:(2011)
1578:(2010)
1543:(2005)
1537:(2004)
1513:(2000)
1492:(1999)
1486:(1998)
1460:(1993)
1454:(1992)
1448:(1991)
1438:(1990)
1417:(1988)
1407:(1987)
1393:(1986)
1359:(1982)
1349:(1981)
1335:(1980)
1310:(1979)
1300:(1978)
1112:
961:
801:
479:1978,
469:1988,
462:1992,
452:1994,
445:1996,
439:2000,
433:2001,
426:(with
422:2002,
411:(with
407:2003,
269:Career
203:(1942)
201:
192:Thesis
163:Fields
150:(2003)
145:(2002)
140:(2001)
135:(2000)
130:(1994)
125:(1988)
120:(1978)
113:Awards
75:, U.S.
3493:2002
3352:Peace
3286:2002
3176:Mayor
3140:Weiss
3100:Amano
3088:Higgs
3064:Riess
3036:Smith
3032:Boyle
3012:Nambu
2992:Smoot
2956:Gross
2924:Davis
2897:2001–
2887:Kilby
2799:Shull
2783:Hulse
2691:Ruska
2627:Fitch
2611:Salam
2508:Esaki
2484:Gabor
2448:Bethe
2412:Basov
2352:Segrè
2340:Frank
2300:Kusch
2288:Bothe
2264:Bloch
2193:Pauli
2177:Stern
2140:Fermi
2093:Dirac
2066:Raman
2011:Hertz
1959:Stark
1900:Dalén
1876:Braun
1652:2020s
1561:2010s
1500:2000s
1425:1990s
1318:1980s
1291:1970s
751:(PDF)
333:argon
3518:2007
3513:2006
3508:2005
3503:2004
3498:2003
3488:2001
3483:2000
3478:1999
3473:1998
3468:1997
3332:2002
3196:Ghez
3044:Geim
3000:Fert
2976:Hall
2859:Tsui
2807:Perl
2743:Paul
2579:Mott
2567:Ting
2524:Ryle
2476:NĂ©el
2344:Tamm
2296:Lamb
2284:Born
2185:Rabi
2169:1942
2162:1941
2155:1940
2116:Hess
2100:1934
2073:1931
1935:1916
1916:Laue
1892:Wien
1712:Arts
1247:NOVA
1189:2023
1164:2023
1139:2023
1110:ISSN
1076:2023
1051:2023
1025:2023
988:2023
959:ISSN
921:2007
895:2007
869:2017
840:2023
810:2023
799:ISSN
415:and
279:Utah
221:and
62:Died
43:Born
3028:Kao
2835:Chu
1244:PBS
1242:at
1102:doi
951:doi
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791:doi
722:doi
595:doi
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