28:
20:
286:. SNO was the first detector able to detect neutrino oscillation, solving the solar neutrino problem. The results of the experiment, published in 2001, revealed that of the three "flavours" between which neutrinos are able to oscillate, Davis's detector was sensitive to only one. After it had been proven that his experiment was sound, Davis shared the 2002
249:
Davis' figures were consistently very close to one-third of
Bahcall's calculations. The first response from the scientific community was that either Bahcall or Davis had made a mistake. Bahcall's calculations were checked repeatedly, with no errors found. Davis scrutinized his own experiment and
83:. Bahcall performed the theoretical calculations and Davis designed the experiment. After Bahcall calculated the rate at which the detector should capture neutrinos, Davis's experiment turned up only one third of this figure. The experiment was the first to successfully detect and count
240:
that had formed. A small (few cubic cm) gas counter was filled by the collected few tens of atoms of Ar (together with the stable argon) to detect its decays. In such a way, Davis was able to determine how many neutrinos had been captured.
225:
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123:, taking into account the very small probability of a successful neutrino capture, and, therefore, very low effect rate even with the huge mass of the target. Perchloroethylene was chosen because it is rich in
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insisted there was nothing wrong with it. The
Homestake experiment was followed by other experiments with the same purpose, such as
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took it over in 1984. The discrepancy between the predicted and measured rates of neutrino detection was later found to be due to
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The reaction threshold is 0.814 MeV, i.e. the neutrino should have at least this energy to be captured by the Cl nucleus.
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The underground tank of the
Homestake experiment when the basin around the tank has not yet been flooded.
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of Japan, who worked on the
Kamiokande and the Super Kamiokande (the prize was also shared with
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Gonzales-Garcia, M. C. (2003). "Neutrino Masses and Mixing: Evidence and
Implications".
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458:"Measurement of the Solar Electron Neutrino Flux with the Homestake Chlorine Detector"
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220:{\displaystyle \mathrm {\nu _{e}+\ ^{37}Cl\longrightarrow \ ^{37}Ar^{+}+e^{-}.} }
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Because Ar has a half-life of 35 days, every few weeks, Davis bubbled
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91:. The experiment operated continuously from 1970 until 1994. The
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115:. Davis placed a 380 cubic meter (100,000 gallon) tank of
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in the late 1960s. Its purpose was to collect and count
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339:"Solar Neutrinos: A Scientific Puzzle | Science"
127:. Upon interaction with an electron neutrino, a
525:Neutrino detectors, experiments, and facilities
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16:Underground experiment to count solar neutrinos
131:atom transforms into a radioactive isotope of
63:) was an experiment headed by astrophysicists
31:Setup of the experiment in the Homestake mine.
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87:, and the discrepancy in results created the
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298:for his contributions to x-ray astronomy).
290:for contributions to neutrino physics with
1285:BNO (Baksan or Baxan Neutrino Observatory)
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18:
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456:B. T. Cleveland; et al. (1998).
337:Bahcall, J. N.; Davis Jr, R. (1976).
318:Sanford Underground Research Facility
49:Brookhaven Solar Neutrino Experiment
13:
280:SNO (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory)
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47:and in original literature called
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1249:Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment
107:The experiment took place in the
369:from the original on 2017-08-15.
308:Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment
236:through the tank to collect the
97:neutrino "flavour" oscillations
425:Martin, B.R.; Shaw, G (1999).
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39:(sometimes referred to as the
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566:Lederman–Schwartz–Steinberger
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1305:List of neutrino experiments
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428:Particle Physics (2nd ed.)
93:University of Pennsylvania
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404:10.1103/revmodphys.75.345
382:Reviews of Modern Physics
45:Solar Neutrino Experiment
1363:Neutrino observatories
1334:44.35333°N 103.74417°W
288:Nobel Prize in Physics
221:
89:solar neutrino problem
32:
24:
462:Astrophysical Journal
278:, also in Japan, and
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30:
22:
1339:44.35333; -103.74417
620:Neutrino oscillation
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79:taking place in the
37:Homestake experiment
1358:Physics experiments
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1290:Kamioka Observatory
474:1998ApJ...496..505C
109:Homestake Gold Mine
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113:Lead, South Dakota
65:Raymond Davis, Jr.
33:
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1047:Heidelberg-Moscow
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771:ICARUS (Fermilab)
442:978-0-471-97285-3
431:. Wiley. p.
349:(4224): 264–267.
296:Riccardo Giacconi
292:Masatoshi Koshiba
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117:perchloroethylene
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29:
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1254:NEMO Project
1051:
1012:Double Chooz
919:Construction
651:Astronomical
539:Cowan–Reines
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264:Soviet Union
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36:
34:
1337: /
1325:103°44′39″W
860:KamLAND-Zen
759:Accelerator
637:(divided by
532:Discoveries
245:Conclusions
121:cosmic rays
103:Methodology
75:emitted by
1352:Categories
1322:44°21′12″N
1077:Kamiokande
1032:Gargamelle
936:Baikal-GVD
791:NA61/SHINE
776:MicroBooNE
324:References
252:Kamiokande
61:Experiment
1232:Cancelled
1052:Homestake
1002:Cuoricino
966:SuperNEMO
786:MiniBooNE
635:Operating
412:119501801
209:−
175:⟶
147:ν
73:neutrinos
1278:See also
1223:WATCHMAN
1173:JEM-EUSO
1156:Proposed
1142:Soudan 2
1132:SciBooNE
865:MAJORANA
815:Collider
735:Daya Bay
679:Borexino
641:neutrino
367:Archived
363:17832133
302:See also
125:chlorine
57:Chlorine
1203:Nucifer
1022:EXO-200
975:Retired
931:ARIANNA
827:SND@LHC
781:MINERνA
740:KamLAND
728:Reactor
694:IceCube
664:ANTARES
643:source)
639:primary
625:SN 1987
470:Bibcode
343:Science
1300:SNOLAB
1244:LAGUNA
1188:LEGEND
1107:MINOS+
1082:KARMEN
1057:ICARUS
1027:GALLEX
982:AMANDA
961:KM3NeT
901:KATRIN
875:PandaX
750:STEREO
610:τ
605:ν
583:μ
578:ν
551:ν
439:
410:
361:
268:GALLEX
234:helium
179:
160:
1269:BOREX
1208:P-ONE
1178:GRAND
1163:CUPID
1122:OPERA
1102:MINOS
1097:MACRO
1037:GERDA
1007:DONUT
992:Chooz
906:WITCH
894:Other
885:XMASS
855:CUORE
850:COBRA
845:AMoRE
822:FASER
766:ANNIE
719:SNEWS
704:NEVOD
674:BDUNT
659:ANITA
593:DONUT
408:S2CID
390:arXiv
272:Italy
256:Japan
238:argon
1295:LNGS
1213:SBND
1193:LENA
1168:nEXO
1147:Utah
1127:RICE
1117:NEMO
1112:NARC
1092:LSND
1062:IGEX
1017:ERPM
997:CNGS
987:CDHS
956:JUNO
946:DUNE
941:BEST
880:SNO+
870:NEXT
837:0νββ
801:NuMI
796:NOvA
745:RENO
709:SAGE
689:HALO
684:BUST
437:ISBN
359:PMID
260:SAGE
67:and
35:The
1264:SOX
1218:UNO
1183:INO
1137:SNO
1087:KGF
1072:K2K
1067:IMB
1042:GNO
926:ARA
806:T2K
699:LVD
669:ASD
478:doi
466:496
433:265
400:doi
351:doi
347:191
282:in
270:in
254:in
111:in
81:Sun
51:or
43:or
1354::
476:.
464:.
460:.
435:.
406:.
398:.
386:75
384:.
365:.
357:.
345:.
341:.
274:,
266:,
258:,
183:37
164:37
133:Ar
129:Cl
99:.
59:)
616:)
595:(
589:)
568:(
562:)
556:e
541:(
517:e
510:t
503:v
486:.
480::
472::
445:.
414:.
402::
392::
353::
314:)
214:.
205:e
201:+
196:+
192:r
188:A
172:l
169:C
156:+
151:e
55:(
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