573:
54:
198:
633:
264:
with a thickness between 50m and less than 25m. Although this sequence only crops out in these basins, the fact that it underlies 25% of London at a depth of less than 30m means the formation is of engineering interest for tunnelling and foundations.
289:
in 1846, but in 1853 he proposed the name
Woolwich-and-Reading Beds to emphasise the differing local aspects of the series. This name received widespread usage, but it was in turn deprecated in 1994 in favour of the
648:
249:. It comprises a complex of vertically and laterally varying gravels, sands, silts and clays deposited between 56-55 million years before present during the
424:
712:
373:
653:
707:
673:
Bedrock geology UK south. An explanation of the bedrock geology map of
England and Wales – 1:625,000 fifth edition
376:
sands with marine fossils occurs in east Kent. Where it rests on the Thanet beds it is an argillaceous greensand with rounded
680:
717:
616:
594:
587:
473:. Bricks, tiles and coarse pottery and occasionally firebricks have been made from the clay beds in this formation.
737:
330:. They are found in the north of the London Basin, mid-west of the Thames Basin and in the Hampshire Basin.
17:
742:
722:
397:
274:
295:
727:
581:
522:
307:
404:
pebbly conglomerate in a siliceous matrix. The fossils, estuarine, freshwater and marine, include
732:
598:
169:
354:
282:
230:
74:
8:
260:). It is found throughout the London Basin with a thickness between 10m and 30m, and the
514:
334:
92:
59:
686:
676:
518:
315:
88:
361:. At the base of the shell-rich clayer lay in southeast London are pebble beds and
662:
Hight, D.W.; Ellison, R.A.; Page, D.P. (2004). "Engineering in the
Lambeth Group".
502:
486:
298:, to conform with new standards and to allow scope for more detailed subdivisions.
286:
112:
322:
and sands, here and there with pebbly beds and masses of fine sand converted into
369:
261:
242:
217:
84:
63:
53:
490:
278:
203:
58:
Exposure in
Gilbert's Pit. Dark grey clays, and light grey shelly clays of the
701:
690:
644:
639:
253:
37:
526:
393:
238:
213:
102:
494:
234:
116:
657:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 819.
506:
469:
384:
it is more clayey and the flints are less rounded and are green-coated.
482:
463:
454:
430:
406:
323:
165:
157:
41:
510:
444:
250:
45:
638:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
498:
437:
362:
338:
246:
185:
161:
341:
shells comprise a great deal, in places including a well-marked
450:
417:
389:
358:
342:
327:
257:
153:
458:
401:
400:
is a distinctive rock from near the base of the formation; a
381:
377:
350:
346:
319:
149:
139:
664:
Construction
Industry Research and Information Association
670:
548:
546:
544:
542:
273:
The formation was first known as the
Plastic Clay by
675:. Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey.
539:
699:
661:
62:overlying yellow-brown weathering sands of the
485:Basin, the Lambeth Group usually rests on the
392:the Reading Formation appears on the coast at
476:
345:bed (strata). It overspills borders of west
349:, is found in edges of east Kent, in south
52:
617:Learn how and when to remove this message
643:
580:This article includes a list of general
552:
713:Geological groups of the United Kingdom
14:
700:
277:in 1816 after the Argile plastique of
566:
306:The Lambeth Group consists of three
285:. It was called the Mottled Clay by
337:: grey clays and pale sands, often
24:
586:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
754:
318:: a series of lenticular mottled
631:
571:
396:and at other points inland. The
196:
517:. It is usually covered by the
380:pebbles; where it rests on the
708:Geologic formations of England
301:
13:
1:
562:
326:. These beds are generally un
7:
10:
759:
718:Paleocene Series of Europe
477:Stratigraphic relationship
398:Hertfordshire puddingstone
268:
649:Woolwich-and-Reading Beds
296:British Geological Survey
209:
191:
180:
175:
145:
135:
130:
122:
108:
98:
80:
70:
51:
36:
31:
532:
654:Encyclopædia Britannica
601:more precise citations.
671:Jackson, A.A. (2007).
493:, but is found on the
440:(Melanatria) inquinata
233:, a set of geological
449:, and the remains of
738:Geology of Hampshire
231:stratigraphic group
38:Stratigraphic range
335:Woolwich Formation
93:Woolwich Formation
60:Woolwich Formation
743:Geology of London
723:Paleogene England
682:978-0-85272-586-3
627:
626:
619:
519:Harwich Formation
467:) and the mammal
425:Viva parus lentus
372:: light-coloured
316:Reading Formation
223:
222:
89:Reading Formation
16:(Redirected from
750:
694:
667:
658:
637:
635:
634:
622:
615:
611:
608:
602:
597:this article by
588:inline citations
575:
574:
567:
556:
550:
487:Thanet Formation
287:Joseph Prestwich
243:Hampshire Basins
202:
200:
199:
56:
29:
28:
21:
758:
757:
753:
752:
751:
749:
748:
747:
728:Thanetian Stage
698:
697:
683:
647:, ed. (1911). "
632:
630:
623:
612:
606:
603:
593:Please help to
592:
576:
572:
565:
560:
559:
551:
540:
535:
479:
370:Upnor Formation
304:
271:
262:Hampshire Basin
218:Hampshire Basin
197:
195:
85:Upnor Formation
66:
64:Upnor Formation
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
756:
746:
745:
740:
735:
733:Ypresian Stage
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
696:
695:
681:
668:
666:(Report C583).
659:
645:Chisholm, Hugh
625:
624:
607:September 2020
579:
577:
570:
564:
561:
558:
557:
537:
536:
534:
531:
491:Montrose Group
481:Except in the
478:
475:
386:
385:
366:
331:
303:
300:
279:Georges Cuvier
270:
267:
221:
220:
211:
207:
206:
193:
189:
188:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
57:
49:
48:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
755:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
703:
692:
688:
684:
678:
674:
669:
665:
660:
656:
655:
650:
646:
641:
640:public domain
629:
628:
621:
618:
610:
600:
596:
590:
589:
583:
578:
569:
568:
554:
553:Chisholm 1911
549:
547:
545:
543:
538:
530:
528:
524:
521:, the oldest
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
474:
472:
471:
466:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
446:
441:
439:
434:
432:
427:
426:
421:
419:
414:
413:C. tellinella
410:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:
328:fossiliferous
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:
311:
309:
299:
297:
293:
292:Lambeth Group
288:
284:
283:A. Brongniart
280:
276:
266:
263:
259:
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:Lambeth Group
219:
215:
212:
208:
205:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:
32:Lambeth Group
30:
27:
19:
672:
663:
652:
613:
604:
585:
527:Thames Group
480:
468:
462:
443:
436:
429:
423:
416:
412:
405:
394:Studland Bay
387:
374:false-bedded
305:
291:
272:
245:of southern
226:
224:
214:London Basin
170:Conglomerate
103:Thames Group
26:
18:Reading Beds
599:introducing
495:Chalk Group
420:bellovacina
409:cuneiformis
302:Subdivision
235:rock strata
117:Chalk Group
113:Thanet Sand
702:Categories
582:references
563:References
507:Hungerford
470:Coryphodon
455:crocodiles
308:formations
275:T. Webster
126:Up to 39 m
691:243694452
523:formation
483:Hampshire
464:Gastornis
461:, birds (
433:hemistoma
431:Planorbis
407:Corbicula
339:estuarine
324:sandstone
184:southern
166:Sandstone
158:Limestone
131:Lithology
123:Thickness
99:Underlies
81:Sub-units
42:Thanetian
511:Hertford
503:Charlton
447:globulus
445:Neritina
363:lignitic
355:Newhaven
251:Ypresian
176:Location
109:Overlies
46:Ypresian
642::
595:improve
525:of the
515:Reading
499:Bromley
489:of the
451:turtles
438:Melania
365:layers.
353:and at
294:by the
269:History
256:(lower
247:England
237:in the
192:Country
186:England
162:Lignite
136:Primary
689:
679:
636:
584:, but
459:sharks
418:Ostrea
390:Dorset
359:Sussex
343:oyster
258:Eocene
239:London
210:Extent
201:
181:Region
154:Gravel
533:Notes
497:near
402:flint
382:chalk
378:flint
351:Essex
320:clays
229:is a
146:Other
75:Group
687:OCLC
677:ISBN
513:and
368:The
347:Kent
333:The
314:The
281:and
241:and
225:The
216:and
150:Sand
140:Clay
71:Type
651:".
388:In
310::
254:age
704::
685:.
541:^
529:.
509:,
505:,
501:,
457:,
453:,
442:,
435:,
428:,
422:,
415:,
411:,
357:,
204:UK
168:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
115:,
91:,
87:,
40::
693:.
620:)
614:(
609:)
605:(
591:.
555:.
44:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
