288:
825:
1012:
477:
1033:
632:
38:
884:
864:
1141:
451:
197:
1083:." It focuses on showing everyday activities and life, primarily among the middle- or lower-class society, without romantic idealization or dramatization. According to Kornelije Kvas, "the realistic figuration and re-figuration of reality form logical constructs that are similar to our usual notion of reality, without violating the principle of three types of laws – those of natural sciences, psychological and social ones". It may be regarded as a general attempt to depict subjects as they are considered to exist in third-person objective reality without embellishment or interpretation and "in accordance with secular,
699:
846:
234:
1051:
993:
432:
378:
411:
793:, was comic and moralistic, but the mere poverty of the subjects seems relatively rarely to have been part of the moral message. From the mid-19th century onwards, the difficulties of life for the poor were emphasized. Despite this trend coinciding with large-scale migration from the countryside to cities in most of Europe, painters still tended to paint poor rural people. Crowded city street scenes were popular with the Impressionists and related painters, especially ones showing Paris.
5600:
547:
264:, where some painted wooden sculptures in particular strayed into the grotesque in portraying Christ covered in wounds and blood, with the intention of stimulating the viewer to meditate on the suffering that Christ had undergone on their behalf. These were especially found in Germany and Central Europe. After abating in the Renaissance, similar works re-appeared in the
812:. Such subjects probably failed to sell very well, and there is a noticeable absence of industry, other than a few railway scenes, in painting until the later 19th century, when works began to be commissioned, typically by industrialists or for institutions in industrial cities, often on a large scale, and sometimes given a quasi-heroic treatment.
651:
The depiction of ordinary, everyday subjects in art also has a long history, though it was often squeezed into the edges of compositions or shown at a smaller scale. This was partly because art was expensive and usually commissioned for specific religious, political or personal reasons, which allowed
616:
paintings and still life elements in other works played a considerable role in developing illusionistic painting, though in the
Netherlandish tradition of flower painting they long lacked "realism", in that flowers from all seasons were typically used, either from the habit of assembling compositions
596:
which allowed very subtle and precise effects of light to be painted using several layers of paint and glaze. Scientific methods of representing perspective were developed in Italy in the early 15th century and gradually spread across Europe, with accuracy in anatomy rediscovered under the influence
530:
As well as accuracy in shape, light, and color, Roman paintings show an unscientific but effective knowledge of representing distant objects smaller than closer ones and representing regular geometric forms such as the roof and walls of a room with perspective. This progress in illusionistic effects
1152:
and the age of science. Some also specifically cited the invention of photography as the basis of the realist theater while others view that the association between realism and drama is far older as demonstrated by the principles of dramatic forms such as the presentation of the physical world that
271:
Renaissance theorists opened a debate, which was to last several centuries, as to the correct balance between drawing art from the observation of nature and from idealized forms, typically those found in classical models, or the work of other artists generally. Some admitted the importance of the
119:
In 19th-century Europe, "Naturalism" or the "Naturalist school" was somewhat artificially erected as a term representing a breakaway sub-movement of realism, that attempted (not wholly successfully) to distinguish itself from its parent by its avoidance of politics and social issues, and liked to
1253:
and eye-level 90-degree shots to reduce manipulation of what the viewer sees. Italian neorealism filmmakers from after WWII took the existing realist film approaches from France and Italy that emerged in the 1960s and used them to create a politically oriented cinema. French filmmakers made some
1156:
The achievement of realism in the theatre was to direct attention to the social and psychological problems of ordinary life. In its dramas, people emerge as victims of forces larger than themselves, as individuals confronted with a rapidly accelerating world. These pioneering playwrights present
682:
and his workshop (circa 1427), include very detailed depictions of middle-class interiors full of lovingly depicted objects. However, these objects are at least largely there because they carry layers of complex significance and symbolism that undercut any commitment to realism for its own sake.
213:
Realism, or naturalism as a style depicting the unidealized version of the subject, can be used in depicting any type of subject without commitment to treating the typical or every day. Despite the general idealism of classical art, this too had classical precedents, which came in useful when
1237:
in the 1950s, acknowledges that a "film cannot be fixed to mean what it shows", as there are multiple realisms; as such, these filmmakers use location shooting, natural light and non-professional actors to ensure the viewer can make up her/his own choice based on the film, rather than being
155:
When used as an adjective, "realistic" (usually related to visual appearance) distinguishes itself from "realist" art that concerns subject matter. Similarly, the term "illusionistic" might be used when referring to the accurate rendering of visual appearances in a composition. In painting,
612:, with very subtle techniques for depicting a range of weather conditions and degrees of natural light. After being another development of Early Netherlandish painting, 1600 European portraiture subjects were often idealized by smoothing features or giving them an artificial pose.
339:, who in 1863 announced that: "The naturalist school declares that art is the expression of life under all phases and on all levels, and that its sole aim is to reproduce nature by carrying it to its maximum power and intensity: it is truth balanced with science".
514:
is commonly recognized as having made great progress in the representation of anatomy. No original works on panels or walls by the great Greek painters survive, but from literary accounts and the surviving corpus of derivative works (mostly Graeco-Roman works in
660:
sometimes contain small scenes of everyday life, and the development of perspective created large background areas in many scenes set outdoors. Medieval and Early
Renaissance art usually showed non-sacred figures in contemporary dress by convention.
1229:. Realist films generally focus on social issues. There are two types of realism in film: seamless realism and aesthetic realism. Seamless realism tries to use narrative structures and film techniques to create a "reality effect" to maintain its
583:
famously rejected illusionism for expressive force, a change already well underway by the time
Christianity began to affect the art of the elite. In the West, classical standards of illusionism did not begin to be reached again until the
1126:; starting around 1900, the driving motive of modernist literature was the criticism of the 19th-century bourgeois social order and world view, which was countered with an anti-rationalist, anti-realist and anti-bourgeois program.
1172:
In the United States, realism in drama preceded fictional realism by about two decades as theater historians identified the first impetus toward realism during the late 1870s and early 1880s. Its development is also attributed to
713:
In the 16th century, there was a fashion for the depiction in large paintings of scenes of people working, especially in food markets and kitchens; in many, the food is given as much prominence as the workers. Artists included
334:
During the 19th century, naturalism developed as a broadly defined movement in
European art, though it lacked the political underpinnings that motivated realist artists. The originator of the term was the French art critic
80:, although these terms are not synonymous. Naturalism, as an idea relating to visual representation in Western art, seeks to depict objects with the least possible amount of distortion and is tied to the development of
1312:
into opera. This new style presented true-to-life drama that featured gritty and flawed lower-class protagonists while some described it as a heightened portrayal of a realistic event. Although an account considered
493:
The development of increasingly accurate representations of the visual appearances of things has a long history in art. It includes elements such as the accurate depiction of the anatomy of humans and animals, the
923:. In favor of depictions of 'real' life, the Realist painters used common laborers, and ordinary people in ordinary surroundings engaged in real activities as subjects for their works. Its chief exponents were
370:
are movements that are often also described as "naturalist", although the term is rarely used in
British painting. Some recent art historians claimed either Courbet or the Impressionists for the label.
531:
in no way meant a rejection of idealism; statues of Greek gods and heroes attempt to represent with accuracy idealized and beautiful forms, though other works, such as heads of the famously ugly
1011:
287:
350:
The term "continued to be used indiscriminately for various kinds of realism" for several decades, often as a catch-all term for art that was outside
Impressionism and later movements of
824:
796:
Medieval manuscript illuminators were often asked to illustrate technology, but after the
Renaissance, such images continued in book illustrations and prints, with the exception of
1091:
independent of humankind's conceptual schemes, linguistic practices and beliefs and thus can be known to the artist, who can in turn represent this 'reality' faithfully. As
786:
painted peasants, but rarely townsfolk. In the 18th century, small paintings of working people remained popular, mostly drawing on the Dutch tradition and featuring women.
1118:, realism was in its turn a reaction to Romanticism, and for this reason it is also commonly derogatorily referred as "traditional bourgeois realism". Some writers of
608:
had also been developing in Early
Netherlandish/Early Northern Renaissance and Italian Renaissance painting and was then brought to a very high level in 17th-century
5442:
377:
450:
343:
adopted the term with a similar scientific emphasis for his aims in the novel. Many
Naturalist paintings covered a similar range of subject matter as that of
4067:
1157:
their characters as ordinary, impotent, and unable to arrive at answers to their predicaments. This type of art represents what we see with our human eyes.
1032:
276:
was one who championed the pure study of nature and wished to depict the whole range of individual varieties of forms in the human figure and other things.
691:, concentrate on peasants laboring on different tasks through the seasons, often in a rich landscape background, and were significant both in developing
1122:
produced works of realism. The rigidities, conventions, and other limitations of "bourgeois realism" prompted in their turn the revolt later labeled as
1095:
states, modern realism "begins from the position that truth can be discovered by the individual through the senses" and as such, "it has its origins in
943:, Realists used unprettified detail depicting the existence of ordinary contemporary life, coinciding with the contemporaneous naturalist literature of
883:
3029:
184:
were not especially noted for fully precise and careful depiction of visual appearances; in
Courbet's time that was more often a characteristic of
592:
periods and were helped first in the Netherlands in the early 15th century, and around the 1470s in Italy by the development of new techniques of
2538:
863:
4944:
489:
of 1853–55 is at the end of a long tradition of illusionism in painting, but is not Realist in the sense of Courbet's work of the same period.
1572:
Finocchio, Ross. "Nineteenth-Century French Realism". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–.
327:, writing some decades after Caravaggio's early death and no supporter of his style, refers to "Those who glory in the name of naturalists" (
323:, who painted religious scenes as though set in the back streets of contemporary Italian cities and used "naturalist" as a self-description.
4396:
1636:
1339:, peaked in the early 1900s. It was followed by Leoncavallo's Pagliacci, which dealt with the themes of infidelity, revenge, and violence.
1169:
and realistic forms and functions, which could be demonstrated in the way melodramatic elements existed in realistic forms and vice versa.
4430:
845:
1707:"Nineteenth-Century French Realism | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
431:
4937:
476:
311:
In the 17th century, the debate continued. In Italy, it usually centered on the contrast between the relative "classical-idealism" of
1165:. Scholars such as Thomas Postlewait noted that throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were numerous joining of
156:
naturalism is the precise, detailed and accurate representation in art of the appearance of scenes and objects. It is also called
1050:
1797:
in so far as such subjects are "explicable in terms of natural causation without resort to supernatural or divine intervention"
188:, which very often depicted with great skill and care scenes that were contrived and artificial, or imagined historical scenes.
5219:
3754:
3188:
1022:
4157:
3239:
2955:
2488:
2469:
2453:
2442:
2396:
2342:
2273:
2240:
2212:
2144:
2110:
2085:
2039:
2014:
1989:
1964:
1939:
1782:
1561:
743:
410:
108:
capitalizing on the mundane, ugly or sordid, realism was motivated by the renewed interest in the common man and the rise of
992:
2799:
1217:
was a cinematic movement incorporating elements of realism that developed in post-WWII Italy. Notable Neorealists included
664:
Early Netherlandish painting brought the painting of portraits as low down the social scale as the prosperous merchants of
3537:
3520:
2921:
2531:
2437:. Translated by Mary Whittall. Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
958:
The French Realist movement had equivalents in all other Western countries, developing somewhat later. In particular the
734:
pioneered large panoramic scenes of peasant life. Such scenes acted as a prelude for the popularity of scenes of work in
4506:
2866:
4574:
3425:
1913:, ed., (London: Fontana, 1977); reprinted in Proza Nowa Amerykanska, ed., Szice Krytyczne (Warsaw, 1984); reprinted in
1262:
while in the 1950s and 1960s, British, French and German new waves of filmmaking produced "slice-of-life" films (e.g.,
205:
2894:
539:, when not under too much Greek influence, shows a greater commitment to a truthful depiction of its subjects, called
222:
was a 4th-century BCE sculptor whose work (all now lost) was said to prefer realism over ideal beauty, and during the
4653:
4648:
3493:
2984:
2327:
2297:
1557:
1499:
252:
was "realism" that emphasized the humanity of religious figures, above all Christ and his physical sufferings in his
1546:
92:
Europe. Realism, while predicated upon naturalistic representation and a departure from the idealization of earlier
2911:
3659:
363:
5624:
5079:
4552:
2843:
2759:
1833:
485:
230:'s portraits of the Spanish royal family represent a sort of honest, unflattering portrayal of important people.
17:
37:
4832:
4381:
4240:
4004:
3024:
2860:
2569:
2524:
631:
3921:
3674:
1148:
Theatrical realism is said to have first emerged in European drama in the 19th century as an offshoot of the
226:, politicians preferred a truthful depiction in portraits, though the early emperors favored Greek idealism.
5303:
4675:
4516:
4344:
3149:
3061:
3034:
1409:(realist song), a style of music performed in France primarily from the 1880s until the end of World War II
966:
group in Russia who formed in the 1860s and organized exhibitions from 1871 included many realists such as
809:
499:
437:
165:
5639:
4964:
4665:
3331:
2464:. Translated by J. Bradford Robinson. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
1079:
Broadly defined as "the faithful representation of reality", Realism as a literary movement is based on "
936:
4618:
1662:
1329:
as the first stirrings of the verismo, some claimed that it began in 1890 with the first performance of
5261:
4877:
4700:
4074:
3688:
3664:
3217:
3176:
2889:
1451:
1426:
940:
3612:
2356:
818:, a movement of the early 20th century, is one of many modern movements to use realism in this sense.
4460:
4339:
4295:
3703:
3346:
3314:
3212:
2698:
2365:, Vol. 32, No. 2/3 (2006), pp. 126–46, Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties,
1230:
783:
739:
609:
101:
42:
1360:
is considered a realistic representation of the nobility although it included fantastical elements.
272:
natural, but many believed it should be idealized to various degrees to include only the beautiful.
5224:
5207:
4862:
4705:
4690:
4501:
4371:
4245:
4037:
3992:
3953:
3894:
3865:
3265:
2631:
2606:
2516:
1080:
731:
336:
31:
4401:
4361:
2361:
Raben, Hans, "Bellori's Art: The Taste and Distaste of a Seventeenth-Century Art Critic in Rome",
1233:. Aesthetic realism, which was first called for by French filmmakers in the 1930s and promoted by
698:
5385:
4722:
4562:
4317:
3926:
3872:
3476:
3319:
3234:
3161:
3100:
1640:
779:
657:
421:
196:
131:
There have been various movements invoking realism in the other arts, such as the opera style of
4494:
4312:
3804:
2427:
928:
5629:
5603:
5496:
5144:
5094:
5054:
5017:
4917:
4557:
3877:
3855:
3715:
2683:
2077:
1802:
910:
835:
805:
402:
284:
supporting the selection of the most beautiful – he refused to make portraits for that reason.
223:
97:
47:
2265:
2136:
2130:
5134:
5109:
5074:
5044:
5010:
4932:
4710:
4685:
4300:
4179:
4084:
2643:
2565:
1149:
1115:
801:
727:
684:
636:
495:
277:
257:
116:, which had come to dominate French literature and art, with roots in the late 18th century.
3562:
2257:
2069:
1255:
1181:
who served as the spokesmen for realism as well as articulator of its aesthetic principles.
296:
5634:
5256:
4837:
4606:
4511:
4305:
4235:
4151:
4025:
3828:
3654:
3454:
3144:
2979:
2884:
2818:
2749:
2668:
2658:
2648:
1412:
1399:
1335:
1174:
1123:
1119:
1038:
830:
503:
219:
177:
8:
5479:
5064:
4980:
4949:
4827:
4790:
4591:
4477:
4324:
3997:
3683:
3669:
3275:
3198:
3076:
2996:
2974:
1851:
1285:
1280:
Verismo was a post-Romantic operatic tradition associated with Italian composers such as
1144:
A photograph taken during the 1922 performance of 'Uncle Vanya' at the Moscow Art Theatre
1056:
979:
621:
in vases were atypical of 17th-century habits; the flowers were displayed one at a time.
125:
69:
5558:
4802:
3336:
1436:
1405:
948:
120:
proclaim a quasi-scientific basis, playing on the sense of "naturalist" as a student of
5521:
5129:
5069:
4812:
4734:
4670:
4484:
4445:
4288:
4189:
4116:
3943:
3730:
3505:
3379:
3309:
3171:
3166:
2943:
2708:
2673:
2386:
1417:
1394:
1300:. They sought to bring the naturalism of influential late 19th-century writers such as
1263:
1239:
1226:
1214:
1135:
939:. According to Ross Finocchio, formerly of the Department of European Paintings at the
895:
851:
719:
670:
605:
233:
144:
81:
73:
5579:
4760:
4440:
722:
in the Netherlands, working in an essentially Mannerist style, and in Italy the young
5249:
5202:
5172:
5032:
4902:
4817:
4807:
4472:
4455:
4329:
3948:
3911:
3882:
3835:
3698:
3644:
3634:
3624:
3515:
3193:
3105:
3095:
3082:
3071:
2734:
2663:
2638:
2594:
2484:
2465:
2449:
2438:
2423:
2392:
2374:
2338:
2323:
2293:
2269:
2258:
2236:
2208:
2140:
2106:
2081:
2070:
2035:
2010:
1985:
1960:
1935:
1778:
1751:
1553:
1374:
1209:
759:
723:
702:
675:
589:
564:
536:
511:
367:
273:
185:
161:
140:
3486:
2906:
2005:
Zarrilli, Phillip; McConachie, Bruce; Williams, Gary Jay; Sorgenfrei, Carol (2010).
1706:
1573:
1525:
932:
5585:
5531:
5489:
5192:
4985:
4623:
4530:
4408:
4121:
4104:
4062:
4057:
4052:
3970:
3916:
3639:
3584:
3481:
3449:
3420:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3260:
3122:
3117:
2794:
2555:
2352:
1461:
1379:
1305:
1289:
1242:
is also notable for arguing that realism is the most important function of cinema.
1222:
1218:
1201:
1074:
952:
920:
815:
790:
771:
763:
555:
524:
261:
253:
136:
5313:
2510:
2504:
1729:
1684:
5506:
5363:
5338:
5288:
5212:
5037:
5027:
4922:
4907:
4887:
4770:
4680:
4643:
4628:
4376:
4283:
4225:
4047:
4042:
3799:
3768:
3720:
3410:
3341:
3326:
3154:
3132:
3053:
3001:
2991:
2963:
2916:
2899:
2823:
2764:
2754:
2693:
1351:
1330:
1297:
1293:
1281:
924:
889:
797:
775:
520:
416:
359:
237:
181:
132:
121:
105:
51:
3390:
652:
only a relatively small amount of space or effort to be devoted to such scenes.
5536:
5484:
5432:
5415:
5405:
5333:
4995:
4872:
4842:
4739:
4727:
4601:
4535:
4467:
4334:
4230:
3933:
3629:
3569:
3510:
3374:
3304:
3011:
2933:
2850:
2703:
1917:, Manfred Putz and Peter Freese, eds., (Darmstadt: Thesen Verlag, 1984), 58–81.
1612:"Quelle che si gloriamo del nome de naturalisti", quoted in Raben, 134, note 31
1466:
1314:
1205:
1087:
rules." As such, the approach inherently implies a belief that such reality is
735:
715:
688:
618:
598:
580:
227:
200:
5149:
3018:
617:
from individual drawings or as a deliberate convention; the large displays of
5618:
5469:
5437:
5298:
5293:
5276:
5104:
5099:
5084:
5059:
5049:
5000:
4660:
4638:
4569:
4435:
4264:
4167:
4143:
4126:
4094:
4079:
3860:
3850:
3845:
3749:
3498:
3459:
3398:
3224:
3181:
2950:
2879:
2811:
2653:
2547:
2311:
2183:
1456:
1441:
1431:
1384:
1347:
1343:
1162:
1158:
975:
959:
751:
692:
679:
585:
480:
456:
394:
344:
249:
169:
65:
4954:
4099:
3761:
1301:
944:
340:
5548:
5501:
5457:
5447:
5410:
5380:
5343:
5318:
5308:
5271:
5114:
4897:
4765:
4489:
4418:
4215:
4138:
3889:
3840:
3744:
3725:
3693:
3590:
3530:
3525:
3270:
3090:
2928:
2786:
2769:
2729:
2724:
2678:
2616:
1906:
1898:
1881:
1872:
1446:
1319:
1309:
1111:
998:
971:
747:
640:
593:
560:
355:
316:
312:
281:
173:
93:
5543:
3404:
2355:. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed February 23, 2013,
767:
498:
and effects of distance, and the detailed effects of light and color. The
5464:
5427:
5368:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5182:
5177:
5119:
5022:
4959:
4912:
4852:
4822:
4744:
4586:
4424:
4413:
4386:
4356:
4220:
4194:
4111:
4032:
4020:
3975:
3965:
3960:
3938:
3899:
3735:
3710:
3595:
3557:
3464:
3432:
3384:
3112:
3040:
2833:
2774:
2688:
2626:
2586:
1325:
1234:
1178:
1104:
1088:
983:
916:
870:
507:
390:
113:
89:
85:
64:
is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without
2366:
1911:
The Novel Today: Contemporary Writers on Modern Fiction Malcolm Bradbury
1885:, No. 33 (Spring 1975), pp. 307–37; reprinted in Putz and Freese, eds.,
1877:
Babbitt at the Abyss: The Social Context of Postmodern. American Fiction
978:, and had a great influence on Russian art. In Britain, artists such as
5511:
5323:
5283:
5229:
5197:
5089:
4927:
4882:
4775:
4581:
4391:
4259:
3980:
3782:
3574:
3415:
3203:
2969:
2874:
2838:
2828:
2806:
2621:
2611:
2599:
2551:
2418:
1828:
1259:
1250:
1100:
1017:
967:
653:
613:
572:
320:
291:
1140:
674:
by Jan van Eyck (1434) and more often in religious scenes such as the
5573:
5563:
5526:
5358:
5348:
5328:
5154:
5124:
4857:
4780:
4199:
3985:
3822:
3579:
3280:
3229:
3127:
2938:
2744:
2715:
2483:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
1389:
1246:
1189:
1166:
1096:
1084:
986:
had great success with realist paintings dealing with social issues.
755:
351:
2546:
2233:
A Tanner's Worth of Tune: Rediscovering the Post-war British Musical
2004:
915:
The Realist movement began in the mid-19th century as a reaction to
5553:
5474:
5422:
5353:
5266:
5187:
5139:
5005:
4990:
4847:
4785:
4717:
4611:
4596:
4270:
4184:
4174:
4162:
3906:
3369:
3066:
3006:
1356:
1185:
1092:
665:
532:
366:, with its students from many countries, and 20th-century American
280:
was an early idealizer, stressing the typical, with others such as
61:
2056:
Postmodern Drama: Contemporary Playwrights in America and Britain.
1777:. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Books. p. 28.
385:
4892:
4695:
4633:
4450:
4349:
4089:
3816:
3649:
3255:
2855:
2739:
1275:
462:
324:
265:
215:
157:
109:
3811:
2376:
The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding
5516:
5375:
4867:
4797:
4366:
4278:
4133:
3364:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
1752:"Realism definition of Realism in the Free Online Encyclopedia"
1471:
540:
516:
398:
1161:, for instance, used camera works to reproduce an uninflected
789:
Much art depicting ordinary people, especially in the form of
546:
535:, were allowed to fall below these ideal standards of beauty.
502:
in Europe achieved remarkably lifelike depictions of animals.
3600:
1254:
politically oriented realist films in the 1960s, such as the
2153:
176:
and other artists in the 15th century. In the 19th century,
5452:
4254:
2292:, London: Macmillan/New York: Grove, 1980, vol. 19 p. 670,
2190:, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976, Part II.
1497:
804:, scenes from which were painted by a few painters such as
1934:. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses. p. 9.
1915:
Postmodernism in American Literature: A Critical Anthology
738:
in the 17th century, which appeared all over Europe, with
687:
in late medieval art, of which many examples survive from
5443:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
2319:
1342:
Verismo also reached Britain where pioneers included the
164:
and became especially marked in European painting in the
2076:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p.
347:, but using tighter, more traditional brushwork styles.
1984:. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. p. 244.
1982:
The Art of Theatre: A Concise Introduction, 3rd edition
1980:
Downs, William; Wright, Lou Anne; Ramsey, Erik (2013).
1824:
1822:
2363:
Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art
2105:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 146.
800:
which largely disappeared in fine art until the early
523:'s famous story of birds pecking at grapes painted by
519:), illusionism seems to be highly valued in painting.
1585:
Blunt, 30–32, and the whole short chapter on Leonardo
27:
Artistic style of representing subjects realistically
2034:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 7.
1959:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 305.
1819:
758:, and the introduction of unidealized peasants into
695:
and the depiction of everyday working-class people.
2373:
100:that originated in France in the aftermath of the
2290:The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians
2264:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.
2205:A Chronology Of Western Classical Music 1600–2000
2135:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.
1979:
1184:The realistic approach to theater collapsed into
626:
214:defending such treatments in the Renaissance and
5616:
2235:. Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. p. 139.
2007:Theatre Histories: An Introduction, 2nd edition
2478:
2459:
2432:
2132:American Realism and American Drama, 1880–1940
1114:was also a reaction against the values of the
726:in the 1580s, using an unpolished style, with
76:. The term is often used interchangeably with
2532:
2384:
1775:The Boundaries of Realism in World Literature
1727:
1663:"National Gallery glossary, Realism movement"
1103:, and received its first full formulation by
774:in France and many Flemish artists including
2174:(Third Edition). Routledge, 2006. pp. 334–35
1498:Sarah Dillon and Amy Raffel (October 2014).
527:in the 5th century BC may well be a legend.
2380:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2539:
2525:
2207:. London: Omnibus Press. pp. 425–26.
1903:The Myth of the Postmodernist Breakthrough
1639:. Nga.gov. January 6, 1941. Archived from
1107:in the middle of the eighteenth century."
1622:
1620:
1618:
597:of classical art. As in classical times,
191:
2188:The Major Film Theories: An Introduction
2072:Modern Drama and the Rhetoric of Theater
1346:theatrical partnership of the dramatist
1238:manipulated into a "preferred reading".
1139:
697:
630:
545:
475:
286:
232:
195:
112:politics. The realist painters rejected
36:
2067:
1892:
1866:
14:
5617:
5220:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
2255:
2230:
2202:
2128:
1954:
1615:
1354:(1842–1900). Specifically, their play
1023:Religious Procession in Kursk Province
754:) in Italy, and in Spain the genre of
3240:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
2520:
2226:
2224:
2198:
2196:
2124:
2122:
2100:
1925:
1923:
1909:, 26 (Winter, 1973) 383–417; rept in
1887:Postmodernism and American Literature
1754:. Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com
1500:"Italian Renaissance Art (1400–1600)"
1245:Aesthetically realist filmmakers use
635:Woodcutting, miniature from a set of
506:developed conventions involving both
2505:Article on American literary realism
2481:German Modernism: Music and the Arts
2029:
1929:
1772:
1368:
2435:Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music
2316:Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1600
904:
268:, especially in Spanish sculpture.
24:
4575:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
3426:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
2406:
2332:
2221:
2193:
2119:
1920:
1798:
358:. The later periods of the French
315:and the "naturalist" style of the
206:Charles IV of Spain and His Family
25:
5651:
4649:American Figurative Expressionism
2985:International Gothic art in Italy
2498:
2391:. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
2288:"Verismo" in Stanley Sadie (ed.)
668:, and some of these, notably the
5599:
5598:
4158:Neue KĂĽnstlervereinigung MĂĽnchen
2371:
2172:Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts
2009:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 389.
1813:
1730:"Realism in American Literature"
1049:
1031:
1010:
991:
882:
862:
844:
823:
449:
430:
409:
376:
98:specific art historical movement
5080:Tunisian collaborative painting
4553:International Typographic Style
2422:No. 8, Spring 1982, pp. 17–20,
2351:Needham, Gerald, "Naturalism."
2282:
2249:
2177:
2094:
2061:
2048:
2023:
1998:
1973:
1948:
1932:Our Dramatic Heritage, Volume 6
1844:
1834:The Literature of Replenishment
1807:
1791:
1766:
1744:
1721:
1699:
1677:
1655:
1629:
4833:The Caribbean Artists Movement
2507:at the Literary Movements site
2058:New York: UP of America, 1984.
1687:. Impressionist1877.tripod.com
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1566:
1540:
1518:
1504:Art History Teaching Resources
1491:
627:Depiction of ordinary subjects
471:
150:
13:
1:
3189:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
2305:
2170:Hayward, Susan. "Realism" in
1957:The Making of Theatre History
1709:. Metmuseum.org. June 2, 2014
1528:. Metmuseum.org. June 2, 2014
1068:
644:
568:
364:DĂĽsseldorf School of painting
301:
5304:Modern European ink painting
4676:Bay Area Figurative Movement
1526:"Metropolitan Museum of Art"
810:Philip James de Loutherbourg
567:. An illusionistic work for
500:art of the Upper Paleolithic
486:Cimabue's Celebrated Madonna
166:Early Netherlandish painting
7:
4965:Artificial intelligence art
2318:, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn),
1363:
937:Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
730:somewhere between the two.
656:in the margins of medieval
571:1425, with the dove of the
128:were then generally known.
10:
5656:
4878:Post-painterly abstraction
4701:Situationist International
4075:Pennsylvania Impressionism
2412:Buchanan, William (1982),
2388:The Bullfinch Guide to Art
2032:Contemporary British Drama
1552:, pp. 6–9, 2004, Taschen,
1452:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
1427:Hyperrealism (visual arts)
1273:
1199:
1133:
1129:
1072:
941:Metropolitan Museum of Art
908:
604:The accurate depiction of
29:
5594:
5398:
5163:
4973:
4753:
4545:
4529:
4461:California Scene Painting
4340:California Scene Painting
4296:Figurative Constructivism
4208:
4013:
3792:
3781:
3611:
3548:
3441:
3357:
3347:Poussinists and Rubenists
3248:
3052:
2785:
2585:
2576:
2563:
1258:and documentary films of
1195:
1153:closely matches reality.
740:Dutch Golden Age painting
610:Dutch Golden Age painting
403:National Museum in Warsaw
145:Italian neorealist cinema
102:French Revolution of 1848
43:Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet
5559:Prehistoric European art
5208:Contemporary African art
4691:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
4619:GeneraciĂłn de la Ruptura
4246:Universal Constructivism
4038:California Impressionism
3993:American Barbizon school
2462:Nineteenth-Century Music
1854:. The Literature Network
1773:Kvas, Kornelije (2020).
1665:. Nationalgallery.org.uk
1485:
1269:
750:(though mostly from the
732:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
337:Jules-Antoine Castagnary
260:, this developed in the
32:Realism (disambiguation)
5386:Walking Artists Network
4723:Letterist International
4563:Washington Color School
3477:Arts in the Philippines
2479:Frisch, Walter (2005).
2460:Dahlhaus, Carl (1989).
2433:Dahlhaus, Carl (1985).
2231:Wright, Adrian (2010).
2129:Murphy, Brenda (1987).
2101:Saxon, Theresa (2011).
1837:, later republished in
1685:"Philosophy of Realism"
780:David Teniers the Elder
658:illuminated manuscripts
438:Jean-François Raffaëlli
422:The Rooks Have Returned
5625:Realism (art movement)
5497:Illuminated manuscript
5145:The Designers Republic
5095:Neue Slowenische Kunst
5018:Pattern and Decoration
4918:Institutional critique
4558:Abstract expressionism
3538:Latin American Baroque
3494:Colonial Asian Baroque
2385:West, Shearer (1996).
2256:Carner, Mosco (1993).
2068:Worthen, W.B. (1992).
1852:"Victorian Literature"
1637:"NGA Realism movement"
1145:
911:Realism (art movement)
806:Joseph Wright of Derby
710:
648:
576:
490:
459:, Finnish Naturalist,
308:
256:. Following trends in
245:
224:Ancient Roman Republic
210:
192:Resisting idealization
54:
5135:Artist-run initiative
5110:Young British Artists
5075:New European Painting
5011:Moscow Conceptualists
4933:Feminist art movement
4711:Ukrainian underground
4686:Gutai Art Association
4085:Ten American Painters
3589:Western influence in
2566:List of art movements
2414:The Realist Tradition
2337:. London: Routledge.
1955:Kuritz, Paul (1988).
1930:Hill, Philip (1992).
1150:Industrial Revolution
1143:
1116:Industrial Revolution
802:Industrial Revolution
728:Bartolomeo Passerotti
701:
685:Labours of the Months
637:Labours of the Months
634:
606:landscape in painting
549:
479:
290:
278:Leon Battista Alberti
258:devotional literature
248:A recurring trend in
236:
199:
74:supernatural elements
40:
4945:Saqqakhaneh movement
4838:Chicano art movement
4706:Soviet Nonconformist
4512:Boston Expressionism
4495:Abstraction-Création
4313:Arbeitsrat fĂĽr Kunst
4306:Cologne Progressives
4026:Art Nouveau in Milan
3829:Anglo-Japanese style
3805:National romanticism
3235:Fontainebleau School
3145:Northern Renaissance
2980:International Gothic
2333:Morris, Pam (2003).
2203:Paxman, Jon (2014).
2030:Lane, David (2010).
1547:Stremmel, Kerstin,
1413:Humanist photography
1400:Contemporary realism
1336:Cavalleria rusticana
1192:after World War II.
1175:William Dean Howells
1120:Victorian literature
1110:While the preceding
1039:Aleksander Gierymski
929:Jean-François Millet
831:Jean-Baptiste Greuze
746:of such scenes, the
504:Ancient Egyptian art
220:Demetrius of Alopece
178:Realism art movement
104:. With artists like
96:, often refers to a
30:For other uses, see
5480:Hierarchy of genres
5045:Saint Soleil School
4981:Post-conceptual art
4950:The Stars Art Group
4828:Black Arts Movement
4791:Neo-Dada Organizers
4592:Lyrical abstraction
4325:Australian tonalism
3998:California Tonalism
3670:Hudson River School
3473:Colonial Asian art
3213:English Renaissance
3162:Ghent–Bruges school
3150:Early Netherlandish
3062:Italian Renaissance
2975:Gothic art in Milan
1728:Donna M. Campbell.
1286:Ruggero Leoncavallo
1264:kitchen sink dramas
1057:Hubert von Herkomer
980:Hubert von Herkomer
744:different subgenres
601:remained the norm.
126:biological sciences
5640:Visual arts theory
5522:Landscape painting
5130:New Leipzig School
5070:Neo-conceptual art
4818:Art & Language
4813:Capitalist realism
4735:Florida Highwaymen
4671:Hard-edge painting
4485:Streamline Moderne
4446:Harlem Renaissance
4289:Novecento Italiano
4117:Deutscher Werkbund
3944:Post-Impressionism
3506:Latin American art
3310:Guild of Romanists
3172:German Renaissance
3167:Northern Mannerism
2372:Watt, Ian (1957).
1418:Street photography
1395:Capitalist realism
1240:Siegfried Kracauer
1227:Roberto Rossellini
1215:Italian Neorealism
1146:
1136:Theatrical realism
896:Luxembourg Gardens
852:William Bell Scott
742:sprouting several
720:Joachim Beuckelaer
711:
707:The Butcher's Shop
671:Arnolfini Portrait
649:
577:
510:and idealization.
491:
442:Outskirts of Paris
319:, or followers of
309:
297:Matin Ă Villeneuve
246:
211:
141:theatrical realism
82:linear perspective
55:
5612:
5611:
5394:
5393:
5250:Corporate Memphis
5203:Classical Realism
5173:Amazonian pop art
5065:Appropriation art
5033:Neo-expressionism
4903:Environmental art
4808:Nouvelle tendance
4525:
4524:
4473:Socialist realism
4330:Dresden Secession
3949:Neo-Impressionism
3912:Decadent movement
3883:Heidelberg School
3777:
3776:
3675:American luminism
3660:DĂĽsseldorf School
3655:Shoreham Ancients
3645:Nazarene movement
3635:Danish Golden Age
3516:Indochristian art
3194:Antwerp Mannerism
3083:Pittura infamante
3077:Florentine School
3072:Proto-Renaissance
2511:Art term: Realism
2490:978-0-520-25148-9
2471:978-0-520-07644-0
2454:978-0-521-27841-6
2444:978-0-521-26115-9
2398:978-0-8212-2137-2
2344:978-0-415-22938-8
2275:978-0-521-22824-4
2242:978-1-84383-542-4
2214:978-1-78323-121-8
2146:978-0-521-32711-4
2112:978-0-7486-4520-6
2087:978-0-520-28687-0
2041:978-0-7486-3821-5
2016:978-0-415-46223-5
1991:978-1-111-34831-1
1966:978-0-13-547861-5
1941:978-0-8386-3421-9
1784:978-1-7936-0910-6
1562:978-3-8228-2942-4
1482:
1481:
1375:Aesthetic Realism
1350:and the composer
1210:Socialist realism
1081:objective reality
1042:Feast of Trumpets
760:history paintings
724:Annibale Carracci
703:Annibale Carracci
676:Merode Altarpiece
590:Early Renaissance
565:Turin–Milan Hours
556:Baptism of Christ
537:Roman portraiture
512:Ancient Greek art
354:and also was not
274:Leonardo da Vinci
242:The Salmon Fisher
186:academic painting
180:painters such as
16:(Redirected from
5647:
5602:
5601:
5586:Western painting
5532:Modern sculpture
5490:History painting
5193:Art intervention
4986:Installation art
4803:Nouveau réalisme
4543:
4542:
4517:Leningrad School
4409:Mexican muralism
4382:Grosvenor School
4122:American Realism
4105:Der Blaue Reiter
4063:Berlin Secession
4058:Vienna Secession
4053:Munich Secession
3971:Pont-Aven School
3790:
3789:
3640:Troubadour style
3618:(c. 1770 – 1862)
3585:Qing handicrafts
3551:Western elements
3482:Letras y figuras
3455:African-American
3450:African diaspora
3421:Directoire style
3332:Heptanese school
3315:Dutch Golden Age
3300:Stroganov School
3293:Lutheran Baroque
3288:Louis XIII style
3261:Baroque in Milan
3123:Bolognese School
3118:High Renaissance
3101:Forlivese School
3096:Ferrarese School
2819:Migration Period
2583:
2582:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2494:
2475:
2448:
2402:
2381:
2379:
2353:Grove Art Online
2348:
2300:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2263:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2200:
2191:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2151:
2150:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2103:American Theatre
2098:
2092:
2091:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2054:Simard, Rodney.
2052:
2046:
2045:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1927:
1918:
1896:
1890:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1643:on July 14, 2014
1633:
1627:
1624:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1495:
1462:Romantic realism
1437:Nouveau réalisme
1406:Chanson réaliste
1380:American realism
1369:
1306:Gustave Flaubert
1290:Umberto Giordano
1223:Luchino Visconti
1219:Vittorio De Sica
1202:Neorealism (art)
1075:Literary realism
1053:
1035:
1014:
995:
953:Gustave Flaubert
949:Honoré de Balzac
921:History painting
905:Realist movement
886:
866:
848:
827:
816:American realism
772:Le Nain brothers
764:Jusepe de Ribera
646:
570:
453:
434:
413:
380:
306:
303:
262:Late Middle Ages
137:literary realism
21:
5655:
5654:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5590:
5507:Interactive art
5390:
5364:SoFlo Superflat
5289:Kitsch movement
5213:Africanfuturism
5165:
5159:
5038:Transavantgarde
4969:
4923:Light and Space
4908:Performance art
4888:Psychedelic art
4771:Nueva Presencia
4761:Otra FiguraciĂłn
4749:
4681:Les Plasticiens
4666:New York School
4644:Action painting
4629:Metcalf Chateau
4538:
4533:
4521:
4441:Cercle et Carré
4377:New Objectivity
4284:Return to order
4226:School of Paris
4204:
4048:School of Paris
4009:
3895:Arts and Crafts
3800:Neo-romanticism
3785:
3773:
3769:Etching revival
3721:Barbizon school
3665:Pre-Raphaelites
3617:
3614:
3607:
3550:
3544:
3437:
3411:Louis XVI style
3353:
3342:Louis XIV style
3305:Animal painting
3266:Flemish Baroque
3244:
3155:World landscape
3106:Venetian School
3048:
3035:Majorcan school
3002:Novgorod School
2992:Lucchese School
2964:Opus Anglicanum
2956:Norman-Sicilian
2900:Italo-Byzantine
2800:Early Christian
2781:
2765:Pompeian Styles
2578:
2572:
2559:
2545:
2501:
2491:
2472:
2445:
2409:
2407:Further reading
2399:
2357:subscriber link
2345:
2308:
2303:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2201:
2194:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2154:
2147:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1928:
1921:
1897:
1893:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1839:The Friday Book
1827:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1366:
1352:Arthur Sullivan
1298:Giacomo Puccini
1294:Francesco Cilea
1282:Pietro Mascagni
1278:
1272:
1212:
1198:
1138:
1132:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1015:
1006:
996:
925:Gustave Courbet
913:
907:
900:
890:Albert Edelfelt
887:
878:
867:
858:
849:
840:
828:
798:marine painting
776:Adriaen Brouwer
718:and his nephew
629:
521:Pliny the Elder
474:
467:
454:
445:
435:
426:
417:Alexei Savrasov
414:
405:
381:
360:Barbizon School
304:
238:Eilif Peterssen
194:
182:Gustave Courbet
153:
122:natural history
106:Gustave Courbet
52:Gustave Courbet
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Realist painter
15:
12:
11:
5:
5653:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5537:Late modernism
5534:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5485:Genre painting
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5435:
5433:Ballets Russes
5430:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5416:Asemic writing
5408:
5406:History of art
5402:
5400:
5399:Related topics
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5334:Relational art
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5257:Hypermodernism
5254:
5253:
5252:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5003:
4998:
4996:Postminimalism
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4873:Generative art
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4843:Conceptual art
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4740:Cybernetic art
4737:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4728:Ultra-Lettrist
4725:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4602:Arte Informale
4599:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4540:
4539:(1945–present)
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4468:Heroic realism
4465:
4464:
4463:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4402:Latin American
4399:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4372:Group of Seven
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4342:
4337:
4335:Social realism
4332:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4318:November Group
4310:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4241:Latin American
4236:Constructivism
4233:
4231:Crystal Cubism
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4155:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3941:
3936:
3934:Volcano School
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3892:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3796:
3794:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3728:
3723:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3689:Norwich School
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3630:Fairy painting
3621:
3619:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3521:Chilote School
3513:
3511:Casta painting
3503:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3487:Tipos del PaĂs
3484:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3457:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Louis XV style
3372:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3177:Cologne School
3169:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3030:Italian school
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3012:Sienese School
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2967:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2922:Pre-Romanesque
2919:
2914:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2853:
2851:Donor portrait
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Julio-Claudian
2757:
2752:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2709:Greco-Buddhist
2701:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Protogeometric
2646:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2591:
2589:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2513:at tate.org.uk
2508:
2500:
2499:External links
2497:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2476:
2470:
2457:
2443:
2430:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2382:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2343:
2330:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2281:
2274:
2248:
2241:
2220:
2213:
2192:
2176:
2152:
2145:
2118:
2111:
2093:
2086:
2060:
2047:
2040:
2022:
2015:
1997:
1990:
1972:
1965:
1947:
1940:
1919:
1891:
1865:
1843:
1818:
1806:
1790:
1783:
1765:
1743:
1720:
1698:
1676:
1654:
1628:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1576:(October 2004)
1565:
1539:
1517:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1467:Social realism
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1315:Giuseppe Verdi
1274:Main article:
1271:
1268:
1206:Poetic realism
1197:
1194:
1134:Main article:
1131:
1128:
1073:Main article:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1016:
1009:
1007:
997:
990:
933:Honoré Daumier
909:Main article:
906:
903:
902:
901:
888:
881:
879:
868:
861:
859:
850:
843:
841:
829:
822:
736:genre painting
716:Pieter Aertsen
689:books of hours
683:Cycles of the
628:
625:
581:Late Antiquity
473:
470:
469:
468:
455:
448:
446:
436:
429:
427:
415:
408:
406:
382:
375:
201:Francisco Goya
193:
190:
152:
149:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5652:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5630:Art movements
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5605:
5597:
5596:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:Fantastic art
5468:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5438:Christian art
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5339:Skeuomorphism
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5299:Massurrealism
5297:
5295:
5294:Lightpainting
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5277:Post-Internet
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5150:Grunge design
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5105:Retrofuturism
5103:
5101:
5100:Scratch video
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5085:Memphis Group
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:Telematic art
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5050:Guerrilla art
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:Endurance art
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4661:New media art
4659:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:Nanyang Style
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4570:Visionary art
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Scuola Romana
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Anthropophagy
4360:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4345:Functionalism
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4265:Neoplasticism
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4168:Cubo-Futurism
4166:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4127:Ashcan School
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4095:Expressionism
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:Mir iskusstva
4078:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3866:Boston School
3864:
3862:
3861:Hoosier Group
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3851:Impressionism
3849:
3847:
3846:Peredvizhniki
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Beuron School
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3750:Munich School
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3549:Art borrowing
3547:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3499:Company style
3497:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:Neoclassicism
3397:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Cretan School
3223:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3182:Danube school
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:Orientalizing
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2644:Sub-Mycenaean
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:art movements
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2328:0-19-881050-4
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:Blunt Anthony
2310:
2309:
2299:
2298:1-56159-174-2
2295:
2291:
2285:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2252:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2184:Dudley Andrew
2180:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2057:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1753:
1747:
1731:
1724:
1708:
1702:
1686:
1680:
1664:
1658:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1558:3-8228-2942-0
1555:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1527:
1521:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1490:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Pseudorealism
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:Peredvizhniki
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Magic realism
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Ashcan School
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1348:W. S. Gilbert
1345:
1344:Victorian-era
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:cinéma vérité
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:slice of life
1160:
1154:
1151:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:ontologically
1086:
1082:
1076:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
989:
988:
987:
985:
981:
977:
976:Ivan Shishkin
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:Peredvizhniki
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
912:
898:
897:
891:
885:
880:
876:
872:
865:
860:
856:
855:Iron and Coal
853:
847:
842:
838:
837:
836:The Laundress
832:
826:
821:
820:
819:
817:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:Low Countries
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
709:, early 1580s
708:
704:
700:
696:
694:
693:landscape art
690:
686:
681:
680:Robert Campin
677:
673:
672:
667:
662:
659:
655:
642:
638:
633:
624:
622:
620:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
595:
591:
587:
586:Late medieval
582:
574:
566:
562:
558:
557:
552:
548:
544:
542:
538:
534:
528:
526:
522:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
488:
487:
482:
481:Lord Leighton
478:
465:
464:
458:
457:Pekka Halonen
452:
447:
443:
439:
433:
428:
424:
423:
418:
412:
407:
404:
400:
396:
395:Lower Silesia
392:
388:
387:
379:
374:
373:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
345:Impressionism
342:
338:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
283:
279:
275:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:Christian art
243:
239:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
208:
207:
202:
198:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:Robert Campin
167:
163:
159:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:and avoiding
67:
66:artificiality
63:
59:
53:
49:
45:
44:
39:
33:
19:
5580:Trompe-l'Ĺ“il
5578:
5568:
5549:Outsider art
5502:Illustration
5458:Lutheran art
5448:Catholic art
5411:Abstract art
5381:Unilalianism
5344:Software art
5319:Neosymbolism
5309:Neo-futurism
5272:Internet art
5262:Hyperrealism
5115:Superfiction
4898:Photorealism
4766:Afrofuturism
4531:Contemporary
4507:Dimensionism
4490:Concrete art
4423:
4419:Precisionism
4269:
4216:Sosaku-hanga
4190:Productivism
4180:Metaphysical
4150:
4139:Proto-Cubism
4043:Secessionism
4005:Costumbrismo
3890:Aestheticism
3841:Hague School
3821:
3745:Academic art
3726:Costumbrismo
3694:Empire style
3531:Quito School
3526:Cusco School
3442:Colonial art
3403:
3391:FĂŞte galante
3389:
3358:18th century
3320:Delft School
3271:Caravaggisti
3249:17th century
3134:
3091:Quattrocento
3081:
3039:
2962:
2865:
2795:Late antique
2679:Severe style
2669:Black-figure
2556:Contemporary
2480:
2461:
2434:
2417:
2413:
2387:
2375:
2362:
2334:
2315:
2289:
2284:
2259:
2251:
2232:
2204:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2131:
2102:
2096:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2050:
2031:
2025:
2006:
2000:
1981:
1975:
1956:
1950:
1931:
1914:
1910:
1907:TriQuarterly
1902:
1899:Gerald Graff
1894:
1886:
1882:TriQuarterly
1880:
1876:
1873:Gerald Graff
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1846:
1838:
1832:
1809:
1799:Morris, 2003
1793:
1774:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:the original
1631:
1608:
1603:Blunt, 59–64
1599:
1594:Blunt, 14–20
1590:
1581:
1568:
1548:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1503:
1493:
1476:
1447:Photorealism
1404:
1355:
1341:
1334:
1324:
1320:Luisa Miller
1318:
1310:Henrik Ibsen
1279:
1266:in the UK).
1244:
1231:authenticity
1213:
1183:
1171:
1167:melodramatic
1159:Anton Chekov
1155:
1147:
1112:Romantic era
1109:
1078:
1060:
1041:
1021:
1002:
999:Vasily Perov
972:Vasily Perov
963:
957:
914:
893:
874:
854:
834:
814:
795:
788:
748:Bamboccianti
712:
706:
669:
663:
650:
641:Simon Bening
623:
603:
594:oil painting
578:
561:Jan van Eyck
559:, "Hand G" (
554:
550:
529:
492:
484:
461:Pioneers in
460:
441:
420:
384:
383:Late Gothic
356:academic art
349:
333:
328:
317:Caravaggisti
313:the Carracci
310:
295:
282:Michelangelo
270:
247:
241:
212:
204:
174:Jan van Eyck
154:
130:
118:
94:academic art
77:
57:
56:
50:painting by
46:(1854) – a
41:
5635:Art history
5465:Digital art
5428:Avant-garde
5369:Superstroke
5245:Flat design
5240:Fictive art
5235:Excessivism
5183:Art for art
5178:Altermodern
5120:Taring Padi
5055:Lowbrow art
5023:Pliontanism
4960:Yoru no Kai
4913:Process art
4853:Systems art
4823:Arte Povera
4745:Antipodeans
4654:in New York
4624:Jikken KĹŤbĹŤ
4587:Color field
4456:Regionalism
4425:Aeropittura
4414:Neo-Fauvism
4387:Neues Sehen
4357:Kinetic art
4221:Suprematism
4195:Synchromism
4112:Noucentisme
4033:Primitivism
4021:Art Nouveau
3976:Cloisonnism
3966:Pointillism
3961:Divisionism
3939:Incoherents
3900:Art pottery
3786:(1863–1944)
3736:Macchiaioli
3711:Biedermeier
3699:Historicism
3684:Orientalism
3625:Romanticism
3596:Akita ranga
3448:Art of the
3433:Picturesque
3385:Chinoiserie
3380:Frederician
3218:Tudor court
3113:Cinquecento
3054:Renaissance
3041:Mappa mundi
3025:cartography
2917:Carolingian
2912:Merovingian
2895:Palaeologan
2867:RepoblaciĂłn
2824:Anglo-Saxon
2755:Gallo-Roman
2694:Hellenistic
2689:Kerch style
2627:Minyan ware
1510:November 6,
1326:La traviata
1235:Andre Bazin
1179:Henry James
1105:Thomas Reid
1026:, 1880–1883
1003:The Drowned
984:Luke Fildes
917:Romanticism
875:The Widower
871:Luke Fildes
857:, 1855–1860
579:The art of
575:in the sky.
551:Bas-de-page
508:stylization
496:perspective
472:Illusionism
368:Regionalism
329:naturalisti
305: 1905
162:illusionism
151:Visual arts
114:Romanticism
90:Renaissance
86:illusionism
70:speculative
5619:Categories
5512:Jewish art
5324:Passionism
5284:iPhone art
5230:Cyborg art
5225:Crypto art
5198:Brandalism
5090:Cyberdelic
4955:Tropicália
4928:Street art
4883:Intermedia
4863:Minimalism
4582:Spatialism
4536:Postmodern
4392:Surrealism
4260:Shin-hanga
4100:Die BrĂĽcke
4068:Sonderbund
3981:Synthetism
3704:Revivalism
3613:Transition
3570:Manichaean
3416:Adam style
3337:Classicism
3276:in Utrecht
3204:Still life
2934:Romanesque
2890:Macedonian
2885:Iconoclast
2844:Visigothic
2750:Republican
2704:Indo-Greek
2674:Red-figure
2419:Cencrastus
2306:References
1858:October 7,
1829:John Barth
1814:Watt, 1957
1302:Émile Zola
1260:Jean Rouch
1251:deep focus
1247:long shots
1200:See also:
1069:Literature
1061:Hard Times
1018:Ilya Repin
968:Ilya Repin
945:Émile Zola
654:Drolleries
614:Still life
573:Holy Ghost
341:Émile Zola
321:Caravaggio
292:Henri Biva
78:naturalism
5574:Shock art
5564:Queer art
5544:NaĂŻve art
5527:Modernism
5359:Superflat
5349:Sound art
5329:Post-YBAs
5314:Neomodern
5155:Verdadism
5125:Superflat
4974:1970–1999
4938:in the US
4858:Video art
4781:Happening
4754:1960–1969
4546:1945–1959
4209:1915–1944
4200:Vorticism
4152:A Nyolcak
4014:1900–1914
3986:Les Nabis
3917:Symbolism
3873:Amsterdam
3823:Japonisme
3793:1863–1899
3755:in Greece
3615:to modern
3460:Caribbean
3405:Goût grec
3327:Capriccio
3281:Tenebrism
3230:Turquerie
3128:Mannerism
3023:Medieval
2880:Byzantine
2861:Mozarabic
2812:Ethiopian
2716:Neo-Attic
2699:"Baroque"
2684:Classical
2654:Geometric
2632:Mycenaean
2579:(Western)
2577:Premodern
2548:Premodern
2428:0264-0856
1732:. Wsu.edu
1390:Aspectism
1124:modernism
1097:Descartes
1085:empirical
964:Wanderers
768:Velázquez
756:bodegones
401:, now in
352:Modernism
209:, 1800–01
124:, as the
5604:Category
5554:Portrait
5475:Folk art
5423:Anti-art
5354:Stuckism
5267:Idea art
5188:Art game
5140:Artivism
5028:Punk art
5006:Sots Art
4991:Artscene
4848:Land art
4786:Neo-Dada
4718:Lettrism
4612:Nuagisme
4597:Tachisme
4478:Nazi art
4271:De Stijl
4185:Rayonism
4175:Art Deco
4163:Futurism
3954:Luminism
3922:Romanian
3907:Tonalism
3878:Canadian
3856:American
3762:Neo-Grec
3370:Rocaille
3199:Romanism
3133:Counter-
3067:Trecento
3007:Duecento
2997:Crusades
2929:Ottonian
2907:Frankish
2787:Medieval
2770:Trajanic
2730:Scythian
2725:Etruscan
2617:Cycladic
2595:Thracian
1758:July 15,
1736:July 15,
1713:July 15,
1691:July 15,
1669:July 15,
1647:July 15,
1532:July 15,
1364:See also
1357:Iolanthe
1331:Mascagni
1188:and the
1186:nihilism
1093:Ian Watt
666:Flanders
619:bouquets
599:idealism
533:Socrates
362:and the
62:the arts
5569:Realism
5166:present
4893:Nut Art
4696:Pop art
4634:Mono-ha
4502:The Ten
4451:Kapists
4397:Iranian
4350:Bauhaus
4144:Orphism
4090:Fauvism
3927:Russian
3817:Nihonga
3731:Verismo
3716:Realism
3650:Purismo
3563:Moorish
3558:Islamic
3465:Haitian
3256:Baroque
3135:Maniera
3019:Mudéjar
2944:Spanish
2856:Pictish
2839:Lombard
2834:Insular
2775:Severan
2740:Gaulish
2735:Iberian
2664:Archaic
2607:Nuragic
2587:Ancient
2570:periods
2335:Realism
1901:(1973)
1875:(1975)
1841:(1984).
1831:(1979)
1816:, p. 12
1626:Needham
1549:Realism
1276:Verismo
1130:Theatre
784:Younger
553:of the
463:Karelia
444:, 1880s
325:Bellori
266:Baroque
254:Passion
216:Baroque
158:mimesis
133:verismo
110:leftist
58:Realism
48:Realist
5517:Kitsch
5376:Toyism
4868:Fluxus
4798:Op art
4367:Mingei
4301:Stupid
4279:Purism
4134:Cubism
3783:Modern
3575:Mughal
3365:Rococo
2970:Gothic
2951:Norman
2875:Viking
2829:Hunnic
2807:Coptic
2622:Minoan
2612:Aegean
2600:Dacian
2552:Modern
2487:
2468:
2456:(pbk).
2452:
2441:
2426:
2395:
2341:
2326:
2296:
2272:
2239:
2211:
2143:
2109:
2084:
2038:
2013:
1988:
1963:
1938:
1781:
1574:online
1556:
1506:. AHTR
1477:
1472:Verism
1225:, and
1208:, and
1196:Cinema
1190:absurd
1063:, 1885
1044:, 1884
1005:, 1867
899:, 1887
877:, 1876
839:, 1761
791:prints
770:. The
541:verism
525:Zeuxis
517:mosaic
466:, 1900
425:, 1871
399:Poland
391:LubiÄ…ĹĽ
244:, 1889
5164:2000–
4607:COBRA
3601:Uki-e
3591:Japan
3580:Qajar
2939:Mosan
2745:Roman
2639:Greek
2416:, in
2367:JSTOR
2260:Tosca
1486:Notes
1270:Opera
1101:Locke
389:from
386:PietĂ
5453:Icon
4776:ZERO
4534:and
4431:Asso
4255:Dada
3812:YĹŤga
2554:and
2485:ISBN
2466:ISBN
2450:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2424:ISSN
2393:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2237:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2141:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2036:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1961:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1860:2013
1803:p. 5
1779:ISBN
1760:2014
1738:2014
1715:2014
1693:2014
1671:2014
1649:2014
1554:ISBN
1534:2014
1512:2021
1323:and
1308:and
1296:and
1177:and
1099:and
982:and
974:and
951:and
935:and
919:and
894:The
869:Sir
808:and
782:and
778:and
766:and
647:1550
588:and
563:?),
228:Goya
143:and
84:and
72:and
2320:OUP
2078:194
1333:'s
1317:'s
962:or
762:by
678:by
639:by
483:'s
393:in
331:).
307:–06
300:,
168:of
160:or
88:in
60:in
5621::
2550:,
2322:,
2314:,
2268:.
2223:^
2195:^
2186:,
2155:^
2139:.
2121:^
2080:.
1922:^
1905:,
1879:,
1821:^
1801:.
1617:^
1560:,
1502:.
1304:,
1292:,
1288:,
1284:,
1249:,
1221:,
1204:,
1059:,
1020:,
1001:,
970:,
955:.
947:,
931:,
927:,
892:,
873:,
833:,
705:,
645:c.
643:,
569:c.
543:.
440:,
419:,
397:,
302:c.
294:,
240:,
218:.
203:,
172:,
147:.
139:,
135:,
2568:/
2540:e
2533:t
2526:v
2493:.
2474:.
2447:.
2401:.
2347:.
2278:.
2266:6
2245:.
2217:.
2149:.
2137:1
2115:.
2090:.
2044:.
2019:.
1994:.
1969:.
1944:.
1889:.
1862:.
1787:.
1762:.
1740:.
1717:.
1695:.
1673:.
1651:.
1536:.
1514:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
