122:
25:
198:
Another good example is repair of a cleft palate, or cheiloplasty, which surgically corrects abnormal development, restores function to the lips and mouth and produces a more normal appearance. This meets the definition of reconstructive surgery and is mandated by state laws in at least 31 states,
186:
This definition is contrasted with cosmetic surgery performed to improve aesthetics or the appearance of a body part. A plastic surgeon can perform both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Some procedures, such as a panniculectomy (aka tummy tuck) can be considered as cosmetic by one insurance
229:
Reconstructive surgery represents a small but critical component of the comprehensive care of cancer patients. Its primary role in the treatment of cancer patients is to extend the ability of other surgeons and specialists to more radically treat cancer, offering patients the best opportunity for
182:
In addition, Section 1862(a) (1) (A) of the Social
Security Act directs the following: "No payment may be made under Part A or Part B for any expenses incurred for items or services not reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a
572:
121:
568:
178:
Separately, the patient must be healthy enough so that the benefits of the procedure outweigh the risks of complications or death. A procedure could be considered reconstructive but not medically necessary due to the risk to the patient.
183:
malformed body member." Therefore, outside clinical interpretation and carrier guidelines, there is a federal statute that "improving functionality and restoring appearance" are covered as reconstructive and medically necessary.
125:
US Navy 090704-A-0566T-023 Operation Smile staff member Dr. Hal
Rosenfeild begins reconstructive surgery for a cleft lip on a three-month-old infant aboard the Military Sealift Command hospital ship USNS Comfort (T-AH
421:
242:
Reconstructive surgery procedures include breast implant removal, reduction mammoplasty, breast reconstruction, surgical correction of birth anomalies, congenital nevi surgery, and liposuction for
755:
Al-Himdani, Sarah; Jessop, Zita M.; Al-Sabah, Ayesha; Combellack, Emman; Ibrahim, Amel; Doak, Shareen H.; Hart, Andrew M.; Archer, Charles W.; Thornton, Catherine A.; Whitaker, Iain S. (2017).
187:
company and reconstructive by another. The surgeon may not be using the
Medicare or reimbursement criteria when referring to a procedure as reconstructive or cosmetic. Plastic surgeons,
239:
to manage increasingly complex wounds. This ranges from very simple techniques such as primary closure and dressings to more complex skin grafts, tissue expansion, and free flaps.
309:
Biomaterials are, in their simplest form, plastic implants used to correct or replace damaged body parts. Biomaterials were not used for reconstructive purposes until after
446:
504:
592:
Wanchek T, Wehby G. State-Mandated
Coverage of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Treatment. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2020;57(6):773-777. doi:10.1177/1055665620910529
364:
413:
279:
665:
392:
145:
Reconstructive surgery is a term with training, clinical, and reimbursement implications. It has historically been referred to as synonymous with
356:
367:, and private dental companies have collaborated in a number of important advances in dental materials, devices, and analytical systems.
636:
547:
89:
61:
195:
do reconstructive surgery on faces to correct congenital defects, after trauma and to reconstruct the head and neck after cancer.
817:
442:
42:
690:
476:
355:(FDA) Premarket Approval Process (J. L. Ely) and FDA regulations governing Class III devices. Two papers have described how the
68:
313:
due to the new and improved technology and the tremendous need for the correction of damaged body parts that could replace
75:
497:
154:
108:
57:
657:
384:
171:
Restore to a normal appearance of "abnormal" or "malformed" body parts caused by the disease or condition and/or
188:
157:. However, reconstructive surgery is not a specialty and there are no board-certified reconstructive surgeons.
137:
performed to restore normal appearance and function to body parts malformed by a disease or medical condition.
46:
822:
352:
360:
717:
321:
and that they can assume the mechanical and functioning roles of the components they are replacing.
82:
827:
153:
is a recognized medical specialty and a surgeon can be a "board-certified" plastic surgeon by the
35:
341:
351:
devices has recently been gathered by D. G. Singleton. Papers have covered in depth the U.S.
314:
235:
211:
757:"Tissue-Engineered Solutions in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Principles and Practice"
199:
but could be denied as cosmetic by individual insurance companies in the remaining states.
632:
543:
317:. The process involves scientific and medical research to ensure that the biomaterials are
8:
192:
783:
756:
607:
324:
A successful implantation can best be achieved by a team that understands not only the
247:
788:
736:
686:
615:
529:
468:
263:
215:
344:. Cellular and tissue engineering is crucial to know for reconstructive procedures.
812:
778:
768:
726:
318:
161:
219:
207:
150:
146:
287:
259:
806:
773:
731:
712:
303:
267:
255:
792:
740:
619:
333:
310:
603:
Plastic surgery: a component in the comprehensive care of cancer patients
348:
275:
271:
329:
283:
687:"Choosing the Right Procedure - American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery"
337:
251:
24:
243:
223:
754:
160:
More accurately, reconstructive surgery should be contrasted with
325:
299:
134:
443:"Cosmetic vs Reconstructive Surgery - JF Part A - Noridian"
385:""definition of plastic surgery" - Search Results - PubMed"
713:"Barbed sutures in plastic surgery: a personal experience"
469:"Exclusions from coverage and Medicare as secondary payer"
414:"Certification | Plastic Surgery Clinical Privileges"
365:
National
Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
280:
Nasal reconstruction using a paramedian forehead flap
293:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
347:An overview of the standardization and control of
804:
226:) also perform some reconstructive procedures.
357:National Institute of Standards and Technology
340:aspects of the problem, but also comprehends
233:Reconstructive surgeons use the concept of a
710:
782:
772:
730:
601:Hasen K.V., Few J.W., Fine N.A., (2002),
164:. Reconstructive surgery is performed to
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:
805:
246:. Cosmetic surgery procedures include
174:Improve the patient's quality of life.
650:
418:American Society of Plastic Surgeons
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
16:Surgery to restore form and function
168:Improve/restore to normal function.
13:
258:, upper and lower eyelid surgery (
14:
839:
510:from the original on 7 March 2024
302:also has noted implementation of
155:American Board of Plastic Surgery
498:"Medicare Benefit Policy Manual"
294:Use of implants and biomaterials
23:
747:
704:
693:from the original on 2020-05-09
679:
668:from the original on 2020-10-28
639:from the original on 2019-12-06
625:
595:
575:from the original on 2020-06-12
550:from the original on 2019-12-06
479:from the original on 2024-01-30
466:
449:from the original on 2020-07-09
424:from the original on 2020-07-08
395:from the original on 2024-07-12
34:needs additional citations for
818:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
586:
561:
536:
522:
490:
460:
435:
406:
377:
140:
1:
569:"Cleft Lip and Palate Repair"
370:
353:Food and Drug Administration
7:
633:"Reconstructive Procedures"
544:"Reconstructive procedures"
361:American Dental Association
262:), laser skin resurfacing (
202:Other branches of surgery (
10:
844:
753:Sarah Al-Himdani, et al.
718:Aesthetic Surgery Journal
149:. In regard to training,
774:10.3389/fsurg.2017.00004
732:10.1177/1090820X13499578
58:"Reconstructive surgery"
189:maxillo-facial surgeons
250:, reduction and lift,
131:Reconstructive surgery
127:
530:"Cosmetic Procedures"
306:in these procedures.
298:Recent literature in
236:reconstructive ladder
212:gynecological surgery
124:
761:Frontiers in Surgery
43:improve this article
823:Otorhinolaryngology
725:(3 Suppl): 32S–9S.
711:Hammond DC (2013).
614:(12). p. 1685-98.
274:), reconstruction
270:, nose reshaping (
248:breast enhancement
128:
264:laser resurfacing
224:podiatric surgery
216:pediatric surgery
193:otolaryngologists
119:
118:
111:
93:
835:
797:
796:
786:
776:
751:
745:
744:
734:
708:
702:
701:
699:
698:
683:
677:
676:
674:
673:
654:
648:
647:
645:
644:
629:
623:
599:
593:
590:
584:
583:
581:
580:
565:
559:
558:
556:
555:
540:
534:
533:
526:
520:
519:
517:
515:
509:
502:
494:
488:
487:
485:
484:
464:
458:
457:
455:
454:
439:
433:
432:
430:
429:
410:
404:
403:
401:
400:
381:
162:cosmetic surgery
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
843:
842:
838:
837:
836:
834:
833:
832:
828:Plastic surgery
803:
802:
801:
800:
752:
748:
709:
705:
696:
694:
685:
684:
680:
671:
669:
656:
655:
651:
642:
640:
631:
630:
626:
600:
596:
591:
587:
578:
576:
567:
566:
562:
553:
551:
542:
541:
537:
528:
527:
523:
513:
511:
507:
500:
496:
495:
491:
482:
480:
465:
461:
452:
450:
441:
440:
436:
427:
425:
412:
411:
407:
398:
396:
383:
382:
378:
373:
315:transplantation
296:
220:plastic surgery
208:general surgery
151:plastic surgery
147:plastic surgery
143:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
841:
831:
830:
825:
820:
815:
799:
798:
746:
703:
678:
664:. 2024-04-29.
649:
624:
594:
585:
560:
535:
521:
489:
459:
434:
405:
375:
374:
372:
369:
342:bioengineering
295:
292:
288:abdominoplasty
260:blepharoplasty
176:
175:
172:
169:
142:
139:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
840:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
794:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
750:
742:
738:
733:
728:
724:
720:
719:
714:
707:
692:
688:
682:
667:
663:
659:
653:
638:
634:
628:
621:
617:
613:
610:
609:
604:
598:
589:
574:
570:
564:
549:
545:
539:
531:
525:
506:
499:
493:
478:
474:
470:
463:
448:
444:
438:
423:
419:
415:
409:
394:
390:
386:
380:
376:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:physiological
327:
322:
320:
319:biocompatible
316:
312:
307:
305:
304:barbed suture
301:
291:
289:
285:
282:, as well as
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:chemical peel
265:
261:
257:
256:forehead lift
253:
249:
245:
240:
238:
237:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
196:
194:
190:
184:
180:
173:
170:
167:
166:
165:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
138:
136:
132:
123:
113:
110:
102:
99:December 2011
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
764:
760:
749:
722:
716:
706:
695:. Retrieved
681:
670:. Retrieved
661:
652:
641:. Retrieved
627:
611:
606:
602:
597:
588:
577:. Retrieved
563:
552:. Retrieved
538:
524:
512:. Retrieved
492:
481:. Retrieved
472:
462:
451:. Retrieved
437:
426:. Retrieved
417:
408:
397:. Retrieved
388:
379:
346:
338:pathological
323:
311:World War II
308:
297:
241:
234:
232:
228:
203:
201:
197:
185:
181:
177:
159:
144:
130:
129:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
658:"ANC.00009"
473:www.ssa.gov
467:SSA, ORDP.
334:biochemical
276:liposuction
272:rhinoplasty
141:Description
807:Categories
697:2020-07-08
672:2024-07-12
643:2018-01-04
579:2020-07-08
554:2019-10-28
483:2024-07-02
453:2020-07-08
428:2020-07-08
399:2018-12-17
371:References
349:biomedical
326:anatomical
284:tummy tuck
69:newspapers
252:face lift
793:28280722
767:(4): 4.
741:24084877
691:Archived
666:Archived
637:Archived
620:12520643
608:Oncology
573:Archived
548:Archived
505:Archived
477:Archived
447:Archived
422:Archived
393:Archived
244:lipedema
813:Surgery
784:5322281
514:12 July
300:medline
135:surgery
83:scholar
791:
781:
739:
662:Anthem
618:
389:PubMed
336:, and
230:cure.
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
508:(PDF)
501:(PDF)
90:JSTOR
76:books
789:PMID
737:PMID
616:PMID
516:2024
204:e.g.
191:and
62:news
779:PMC
769:doi
727:doi
290:).
266:),
133:is
126:20)
45:by
809::
787:.
777:.
763:.
759:.
735:.
723:33
721:.
715:.
689:.
660:.
635:.
612:16
605:.
571:.
546:.
503:.
475:.
471:.
445:.
420:.
416:.
391:.
387:.
363:,
359:,
332:,
328:,
278:,
254:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
795:.
771::
765:4
743:.
729::
700:.
675:.
646:.
622:.
582:.
557:.
532:.
518:.
486:.
456:.
431:.
402:.
286:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.