Red hair - Knowledge

59: 1085: 1061: 1111: 2669: 6051: 1149: 1129: 39: 464: 1813: 853: 1669:," when he writes that: "It is observed that the red-haired of both sexes are more libidinous and mischievous than the rest, whom yet they much exceed in strength and activity." Swift goes on to write that "neither was the hair of this brute of a red colour (which might have been some excuse for an appetite a little irregular) but black as a sloe". Such beliefs were given a veneer of scientific credibility in the 19th century by 1397: 387: 47: 1313: 238: 539: 260: 253: 671:) alleles. Eighty percent of redheads have an MC1R gene variant within the RHC. Red hair is also associated with fair skin color because the MC1R mutation also results in low concentrations of eumelanin throughout the body. The lower melanin concentration in skin confers the advantage that a sufficient concentration of important 566:, and is especially common in some tribes and family groups. In Polynesian culture, reddish hair has traditionally been seen as a sign of descent from high-ranking ancestors and a mark of rulership. Emigration from Europe has increased the population of red haired humans in the Americas, Australia, New Zealand and 1858:

Nonetheless, individuals and families in Britain are targeted for harassment and violence because of their hair colour. In 2003, a 20-year-old was stabbed in the back for "being ginger". In 2007, a UK woman won an award from a tribunal after being sexually harassed and receiving abuse because of her

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presenting a show in which celebrities (played by themselves) dyed their hair red for a day and went about daily life being insulted by people; Hucknall, who says that he has repeatedly faced prejudice or been described as ugly on account of his hair colour, argues that Gingerism should be described

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can be produced under low light conditions. However, when UV-radiation is strong (as in regions close to the equator) the lower concentration of melanin leads to several medical disadvantages, such as a higher risk of skin cancer. The MC1R variant gene that gives people red hair generally results in

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described an incident of harassment: "The second son, John, was born in 1750. As a boy he had bright red hair, and it is amusingly recorded that one day in the streets of Norwich a number of boys followed him, pointing to his red locks and saying, "Look at that boy; he's got a bonfire on the top of

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The genes responsible for red hair can express themselves to different extents in different people. One consequence of this is that a number of people have both dark hair and red beards. This may reflect the presence of a single copy of the MC1R gene, leading to differential expression in the beard

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of China are recorded with red hair. According to F.M Savina of the Paris Foreign Missionary Society, the appearance of the Miao was "pale yellow in complexion, almost white, their hair is often light or dark brown, sometimes even red or corn-silk blond, and a few even have pale blue eyes". A

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tells us, human sacrifices were offered at the grave of Osiris, and the victims were red-haired men who were burned, their ashes being scattered far and wide by winnowing-fans. It is held by some authorities that this was done to fertilize the fields and produce a bounteous harvest, red-hair

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As he argued in his mind and heart, he slid his huge sword part way from its sheath. At that moment, Athena came down from heaven. White-armed Hera sent her. She cherished both men, cared for them equally. Athena stood behind Achilles, grabbed him by his golden hair, invisible to all except

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any of my Singaporean friends felt the term 'ang moh' was definitely racist. Said one, with surprising finality: 'The original term was "ang moh gui" which means "red hair devil" in Hokkien. That's definitely racist.' However, the 'gui' bit has long been dropped from the term, defanging it

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had his right arm broken and his head stamped on by three men who attacked him "just because he had red hair"; the three men were subsequently jailed for a combined total of ten years and one month for the attack. This prejudice has been satirised on a number of TV shows. English comedian

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concluded that red hair is not the result of positive selection but of a lack of negative selection. In Africa, for example, red hair is selected against because high levels of sun harm pale skin. However, in Northern Europe this does not happen, so redheads can become more common through

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Sometimes, red hair darkens as people get older, becoming a more brownish color or losing some of its vividness. This leads some to associate red hair with youthfulness, a quality that is generally considered desirable. In several countries such as India, Iran, Bangladesh and Pakistan,

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In Italy, red hair is found at a frequency of 0.57% of the total population, without variation in frequency across the different regions of the country. In Sardinia, red hair is found at a frequency of 0.24% of the population. In Italy, red hair was associated with Italian Jews, and

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since 2011, claims to be a global celebration and attracts people from several continents. The celebrations include crowning the ginger King and Queen, competitions for the best red eyebrows and most freckles per square inch, orchestral concerts and carrot throwing competitions.

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As these thoughts went through his mind, and he began to draw the great sword from the sheath, Athena came down from heaven: Queen Hera sent her, loving and anxious at once. She stood behind him and held him back by his long red hair. No other man saw her but Achilles

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red-heads. However, the number of attendees has to be restricted due to the risk of rocket attacks, leading to anger in the red-hair community. The organizers state; "The event is a good thing for many redheads, who had been embarrassed about being redheads before."

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A Dictionary of the Hok-Këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, according to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms; containing about 12,000 Characters … Accompanied by a Short Historical and Statistical Account of Hok-Këèn; a Treatise on the Orthography of the … Dialect,

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received criticism after a "Kick a Ginger" group, which aimed to establish a "National Kick a Ginger Day" on 20 November, acquired almost 5,000 members. A 14-year-old boy from Vancouver who ran the Facebook group was subjected to an investigation by the

6405:), also appeared in 1787. … 'Red-hair miscellany' is the first book which contains a relatively extensive description of the daily life of the Dutch residents in the confinements of Deshima, the man made island allotted to them in the Bay of Nagasaki. 911:

Two studies have demonstrated that people with red hair have different sensitivity to pain to people with other hair colors. One study found that women with red hair are slightly more sensitive to thermal pain (associated with naturally occurring low

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magazine and unnamed "geneticists", said that red hair is likely to die out in the near future. Other blogs and news sources ran similar stories that attributed the research to the magazine or the "Oxford Hair Foundation". However, a

217:, making it the red head capital of the world. In 1907, the largest ever study of hair colour in Scotland, which analysed over 500,000 people, found the percentage of Scots with red hair to be 5.3%. A 1956 study of hair colour among 2090:("foreign devil"). Thus it is viewed as racist and derogatory by some people. Others, however, maintain it is acceptable. Despite this ambiguity, it is a widely used term. It appears, for instance, in Singaporean newspapers such as 687:

Red hair can originate from several changes on the MC1R-gene. If one of these changes is present on both chromosomes, then the respective individual is likely to have red hair. This type of inheritance is described as an autosomal

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researchers. Sunshine can both be good and bad for a person's health and the different alleles on MC1R represent these adaptations. It also has been shown that individuals with pale skin are highly susceptible to a variety of

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as a "ginger rodent". Alexander responded to the insult by stating that he was "proud to be ginger". Harman was subsequently forced to apologise for the comment, after facing criticism for prejudice against a minority group.

1863:, was forced to move twice after being targeted for abuse and hate crimes on account of their red hair. In May 2009, a schoolboy committed suicide after being bullied for having red hair. In 2013, a fourteen-year-old boy in 703:(fraternal) twins indicate that the MC1R gene is not solely responsible for the red hair phenotype; unidentified modifier genes exist, making variance in the MC1R gene necessary, but not sufficient, for red hair production. 1831:, the word "ginger" is sometimes used to describe red-headed people (at times in an insulting manner), with terms such as "gingerphobia" and "gingerism" used by the British media. It is roughly the color of dried, powdered 1512:

usually depict her as having long flowing red hair, although a description of her hair color was never mentioned in the Bible, and it is possible the color is an effect caused by pigment degradation in the ancient paint.

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considerably. … Both 'ang moh gui' and 'gwailo' – Cantonese for 'ghost (white) guy' – originated from the initial Chinese suspicion of foreigners way back in those days when the country saw itself as the Middle Kingdom.

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The unexpected relationship of hair color to pain tolerance appears to exist because redheads have a mutation in a hormone receptor that can apparently respond to at least two types of hormones: the pigmentation-driving

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Cultural reactions to red hair have been varied. The term "redhead" has been in use since at least 1510, while the term "ginger" is sometimes used, especially in Britain and Ireland, to describe a person with red hair.

943:. However, a later study of 468 healthy adult patients found no significant difference in recovery times, pain scores, or quality of recovery in those with red hair compared with dark hair in either men or women. 6074: 5471:

A glossary: or, Collection of words, phrases, names, and allusions to customs, proverbs, etc., which have been thought to require illustration, in the words of English authors, particularly Shakespeare, and his

1761:. The antisemitic association persisted into modern times in Soviet Russia. The medieval prejudice against red-hair may have derived from the ancient biblical tradition, in relation to biblical figures such as 6501:

Dutch taste dictated a new style of export lacquer known as 'komo shikki' ('red hair' – a common term for Northern Europeans), in which elaborate gold-lacquer decoration replaced the complex inlays of Nanban

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as having ruddy hair and skin tone. Later by the 10th century, Southern Slavic populations would have darker hair and skin tone, as the Slavs assimilated the indigenous inhabitants of the Balkans, including

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A Supplement to the English Universal History: Lately Published in London: Containing ... Remarks and Annotations on the Universal History, Designed as an Improvement and Illustration of that Work ...

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was commonly depicted as red-haired in Italian and Spanish art. Writers from Shakespeare to Dickens would identify Jewish characters by giving them red hair, such as the villainous Jewish characters

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In appearance the Miao are pale yellow in complexion, almost white, their hair is often light or dark brown, sometimes even red or corn-silk blond, and a few even have pale blue eyes”- F.M, Savina

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Jewish populations. In 1903, 5.6% of Polish Jews had red hair. Other studies have found that 3.69% of Jewish women overall were found to have red hair, but around 10.9% of all Jewish men have red

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Rees JL (2002b) Skin cancer (including nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome). In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler K (eds) The genetic basis of human cancer, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 529–548

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are also reported by some classical Greek authors to be blue-eyed and red-haired. It was once believed that Sarmatians owed their name to their red hair, but this claim was later debunked.

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Red hair is the rarest natural hair color in humans. The non-tanning skin associated with red hair may have been advantageous in far-northern climates where sunlight is scarce. Studies by

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his head," and that John Gurney was so disgusted that he went to a barber's, had his head shaved, and went home in a wig. He grew up, however, a remarkably attractive-looking young man."

1745:, people of red hair were identified as Jewish and isolated for persecution. In medieval Italy and Spain, red hair was associated with the heretical nature of Jews and their rejection of 346:

was traditionally depicted as red-haired in Italian and Spanish art. In European culture, before the 20th century, red hair was often seen as a stereotypically Jewish trait: during the

4629:"A missense mutation disrupting a dibasic prohormone processing site in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) increases susceptibility to early-onset obesity through a novel molecular mechanism" 4978: 3993: 975:

instead. MC1R also occurs in the brain, where it is one of a large set of POMC-related receptors that are apparently involved not only in responding to MSH, but also in responses to

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also has a high percentage of people with red hair. In Scotland, around 6% of the population has red hair, with the highest concentration of red head carriers in the world found in

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The child subsequently born to her was called Pyrrhus ('red-haired'), either because he had red hair or because the disguised Achilles had been known at Lycomedes' court as Pyrrha.

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than do either women of other hair colors or men of any hair color. A follow-up study by the same group showed that men and women with red hair had a greater analgesic response to

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as having red hair. However, children with red hair are often themselves targeted by bullies; "Somebody with ginger hair will stand out from the crowd," says anti-bullying expert

2938:"Their pigmentation is characteristically brunet, but definite blonds occur. Black and dark brown hair run to 85 percent (85%) of the whole, while reds number 4 percent (4%)", 2303:

Valverde P, Healy E, Jackson I, Rees JL, Thody AJ (1995). "Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans".

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on MC1R associated with red hair. The number of alleles linked to red hair has since been expanded by other authors, and these variants are now identified as the RHC (

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red hair color (RHC), and subsequently, several other authors have extended these results to identify what are today called the RHC phenotype alleles (all SNPs, Box,

1336:. It attracts participants from over 80 countries. The international event began in 2005, when Dutch painter Bart Rouwenhorst decided he wanted to paint 15 redheads. 3730:

Morgan, Michael D.; Pairo-Castineira, Erola; Rawlik, Konrad; Canela-Xandri, Oriol; Rees, Jonathan; Sims, David; Tenesa, Albert; Jackson, Ian J. (10 December 2018).

6279: 2642: 1990:, the former Equality Minister in the British government under Labour, faced accusations of prejudice after she described the red-haired Treasury secretary 2288:

When someone has both of their MC1R genes mutated, this conversion doesn't happen anymore and you get a buildup of pheomelanin, which results in red hair

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was significantly less effective in reducing pain. Another study concluded that redheads are less sensitive to pain from multiple modalities, including

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Flanagan, Niamh; Healy, Eugene; Ray, Amanda; Philips, Sion; Todd, Carole; Jackson, Ian J.; Birch-Machin, Mark A.; Rees, Jonathan L. (12 October 2000).

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Most red hair is caused by the MC1R gene and is non-pathological. However, in rare cases red hair can be associated with disease or genetic disorders:

5971: 5036: 1944:, redheads are often nicknamed "Blue" or "Bluey". More recently, they have been referred to as "rangas" (a word derived from the red-haired ape, the 6001: 3023: 3300: 1797:

wrote "The prejudice against habitual silence, among the lower order of the people, is almost as inveterate as the prejudice against red hair."

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symbolizing the golden wealth of the corn. But these men were called Typhonians, and were representatives not of Osiris but of his evil rival

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There is little or no evidence to support the belief that people with red hair have a higher chance than people with other hair colors to

6295: 6173: 6037: 5815: 3340:"Men make gods in their own image; those of the Ethiopians are black and snub-nosed, those of the Thracians have blue eyes and red hair." 1604: 318:

in Russia to be "the most red-headed men in the world". The Volga region still has one of the highest percentages of red-headed people.

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Shakespeare and the Mediterranean: the selected proceedings of the International Shakespeare Association World Congress, Valencia, 2001

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Several Dutch surgical schools were founded through which Dutch surgery, known in Japan as 'surgery of the red-haired' was propagated.

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To have my Chinese Singaporean friends call me 'ang moh' is more humorous than anything else. As no insult is intended, none is taken.

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The pejorative use of the word "ginger" and related discrimination was used to illustrate a point about racism and prejudice in the "

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There have also been rare reports of scalp or beard hair spontaneously turning partially red, with no identified pathological cause.

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were described as fair-skinned, green- or blue-eyed and red-haired people with a mixture of European and East Asian features. In the

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Rees JL (2002a) Molecular phototypes. In: Ortonne J-P, Ballotti R (eds) Mechanisms of suntanning. Martin Dunitz, London, pp 333–339

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gives red hair its distinctive color. Red hair has far more of the pigment pheomelanin than it has of the dark pigment eumelanin.

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He had a mass of red hair and a red beard and, when roused, a fearsome voice and a penetrating gaze under beetling red eyebrows.

1882:, who was forced to seek solace in a refuge for ginger people because she had been ostracised from society. The British comedy 207:

has the highest number of red-haired people per capita in the world, with the percentage of those with red hair at around 10%.

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Those whose hair is red, of a certain peculiar shade, are unmistakably vampires. It is significant that in ancient Egypt, as

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in England, red hair was fashionable for women. In modern times, red hair is subject to fashion trends; celebrities such as

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Helfen-Maenchen, Otto, The World of the Huns: Studies of Their History and Culture, pp.373. University of California Press

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remarks that "People with red hair are supposed to get mad very easily, but Allie never did, and he had very red hair."

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also had red hair, although the mutation responsible for this differs from that which causes red hair in modern humans.

3601: 3190: 3182: 3096: 2070:, although it refers to all white people, never exclusively people with red hair. The epithet is sometimes rendered as 1835:. In Britain, redheads are also sometimes referred to disparagingly as "carrot tops" and "carrot heads" (the comedian " 979:

and possibly other POMC-derived hormones. Though the details are not clearly understood, it appears that there is some

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As an 'ang moh' who has lived here for over six years, I hope more people will realise just how offensive the term is.

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Estimates on the original occurrence of the currently active gene for red hair vary from 20,000 to 100,000 years ago.

680:. Because of the natural tanning reaction to the sun's ultraviolet light and high amounts of pheomelanin in the skin, 6287: 5525: 4757: 3374: 3350: 3154: 3136: 2724: 2434: 1408: 839:, the expression of which can skip generations. It is not likely to disappear at any time in the foreseeable future. 6487:"Japanning for southern barbarians: Some of the first items traded with the West were decorated with maki-e lacquer" 3671:

H. Eiberg & J. Mohr (August 1987). "Major locus for red hair color linked to MNS blood groups on chromosome 4".

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festival in the Netherlands that attracts red-haired participants from around the world. The festival was held in

1260:" (1891) involves a man who is asked to become a member of a mysterious group of red-headed people. The 1943 film 5133: 4953: 1222: 990:

or suffer other bleeding complications. One study, however, reports a link between red hair and a higher rate of

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production and also allows the individual to retain heat better than someone with darker skin. In 2000, Harding

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northeast of Kabul, however, the local population includes many people with blond or red hair and blue or...

3039:"Pastoralists and mobility in the Oglakhty cemetery of southern Siberia: new evidence from stable isotopes" 1952:, a reddish-brown color) has been used in both Australian and British slang to refer to red-headed people. 1162: 811: 2819:, Princeton University Press, 15 Feb 2013, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Antonio Moroni, Gianna Zei, page 270 727:

may also be related to red hair. There are at least 8 genetic differences associated with red hair color.

6524:] (in Japanese and Taiwanese Hokkien). Vol. 1. Taihoku: Governor-General of Taiwan. p. 94. 6372:

The culture which entered Japan through the Dutch language was called Kōmō culture – Kōmō means red hair.

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Culotta, Elizabeth (26 October 2007). "Ancient DNA Reveals Neandertals With Red Hair, Fair Complexions".

3673: 1805: 6379:"Academic Traditions, Urban Dynamics and Colonial Threat: The Rise of Ethnography in Early Modern Japan" 6012: 5502:

Anglicised form of the Irish Gaelic names Ruaidhri, Ruari, and the Scottish Gaelic Ruairidh and Ruaraidh

5979: 2906: 828:, and that other experts had dismissed the research as either lacking in evidence or simply bogus. The 5107: 4367:"The melanocortin-1 receptor gene mediates female-specific mechanisms of analgesia in mice and humans" 1449: 550:

have a significant incidence of mixed-fair hair, caused by a genetic mutation different from European

6587: 4564: 3441: 3315: 1262: 757: 6137: 4565:"Women with Red Hair Report a Slightly Increased Rate of Bruising but Have Normal Coagulation Tests" 3646: 3553:"Characterization of melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor variant alleles in twins with red hair" 1781:, even though the original Hebrew Torah implies that both King David and Esau had 'fiery red hair'. 456:. Many of the hair samples appear red in color, and one skull from the cemetery had a preserved red 6711: 6706: 3488: 1560: 798: 30: 4517:

Kumar VV, Kumar NV, Isaacson G (November 2004). "Superstition and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage".

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Krude H, Biebermann H, Gruters A (June 2003). "Mutations in the human proopiomelanocortin gene".

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Interpretation of Scripture in Early Judaism and Christianity: Studies in Language and Tradition

4749: 4743: 2269: 5867: 4864:"One Ginger's Top Ten List of Red Headed Superheroes (and Villains) - Women Write About Comics" 4153:"Increased sensitivity to thermal pain and reduced subcutaneous lidocaine efficacy in redheads" 1913: 1626: 1294: 1249: 1132: 940: 6303: 6029: 5828: 5803: 4269:"Melanocortin-1 receptor gene variants affect pain and mu-opioid analgesia in mice and humans" 3437: 3364: 3343:

Xenophanes of Colophon: Fragments, Xenophanes, J. H. Lesher, University of Toronto Press, 2001

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article in fact states, "while redheads may decline, the potential for red isn't going away".

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The first and only festival for red heads in the United States was launched in 2015. Held in

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was over 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and had red strands of hair in his long beard. The ethnic

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Chao Romero, Robert; Ong, James; Guillermo-Wann, Chelsea; Logia, Jenifer (3 October 2019).

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Studies, American University (Washington, D.C.) Foreign Area; Smith, Harvey Henry (1969).

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Joanna Scuts; Red hair : a blessing or a curse ?; Washington Post; June 12, 2015

2117:(1603–1868) as an epithet for Dutch or Northern European people. It primarily referred to 1595:("king"). However, present bearers of the name are by no means all red-haired themselves. 8: 6752: 6320: 6050: 5650: 2964: 2207: 1999: 1934: 1872:(herself a redhead) appeared as a red-haired character in a running sketch of her series 1860: 1742: 1524: 1182: 983:

between the POMC hormones that may explain the link between red hair and pain tolerance.

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military forces after being conquered by the Mongols. In the Chinese historical document

499: 347: 86: 5253:. Trans. Augustus Taber Murray, William F. Wyatt. Harvard University Press. p. 27. 4674: 4382: 3747: 6680: 6471: 6435: 6337: 6200: 5778: 5448: 5022: 4739: 4694: 4682: 4589: 4580: 4542: 4530: 4494: 4469: 4426:"The Effect of Hair Colour on Anaesthetic Requirements and Recovery Time after Surgery" 4342: 4317: 4293: 4268: 4209: 4177: 4152: 4110: 4085: 3973: 3772: 3731: 3698: 3686: 3623: 3596: 3250: 3233:

Halperin, C. (2000). "The Kipchak connection: The Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut".

3017: 2884: 2581: 2569: 2538: 2328: 2270:"Neither my husband nor I have redheads in our family. How did our child get red hair?" 2131: 1649: 1540: 1367: 1348: 964: 931:. Another study showed women with gene variants associated with red hair had a greater 730:

In species other than primates, red hair has different genetic origins and mechanisms.

237: 4401: 4366: 4035:"Pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene on human pigmentation" 3934: 3816:"Pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene on human pigmentation" 3796: 3732:"Genome-wide study of hair colour in UK Biobank explains most of the SNP heritability" 3267:

Kenny, E, et al., "Melanesian Blond Hair Is Caused by an Amino Acid Change in TYRP1",

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Jewish hearts: a study of dynamic ethnicity in the United States and the Soviet Union

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A common belief about redheads is that they have fiery tempers and sharp tongues. In

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gland. Melanocyte-stimulating hormones normally stimulates melanocytes to make black

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ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals

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Shishlina, N.; Pankova, S.; Sevastyanov, V.; Kuznetsova, O.; Demidenko, Yu. (2016).

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Baumgarten, Siegmund Jakob; Beer, Ferdinand Wilhelm; Semler, Johann Salomo (1760).

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Maurice Fishberg (1911). Jews, race & environment. 99. Transaction Publishers.

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During the early stages of modern medicine, red hair was thought to be a sign of a

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Several accounts by Greek writers mention redheaded people. A fragment by the poet

543: 279: 109: 78: 38: 5710: 4881: 1454:), usually translated as blonde, or golden but sometimes as red or tawny. His son 6716: 6548: 5469: 5431: 5319: 5282: 5248: 5207: 5166: 4800: 3997: 3961: 3461: 3178: 2955:"There are, however, a noticeable number of Kabyles with red hair, blue eyes and 2135: 2055: 1991: 1884: 1828: 1670: 1584: 1520: 1462: 1355: 1253: 1235: 1231: 1174: 1166: 1089: 1069: 921: 693: 418: 371: 370:

have occasional redheads. Red hair frequency is especially significant among the

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In various times and cultures, red hair has been prized, feared, and ridiculed.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

3755: 2515:

The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

2241: 1987: 1972: 1869: 1794: 1750: 1656: 1544: 1516: 1509: 1400: 1332:, a city in the south east of the Netherlands, prior to 2019, when it moved to 1190: 689: 519: 430: 198: 190: 113: 6459: 5945: 5901: 3246: 3011:

They are generally of medium, slender physique, with dark, sometimes red, hair

259: 90: 6736: 6662: 6354:

Concepts of Chinese Science and Traditional Healing Arts: A Historical Review

5607:, Laterza, Bari 1998 (Italian book, chapter 2 about the recipe of Theophilus 4645: 4628: 4614: 4020: 3763: 2918: 2617:

The Early Slavs: Eastern Europe from the Initial Settlement to the Kievan Rus

2534: 2237: 1893: 1889: 1570: 1416: 1170: 1065: 817: 774: 753: 660: 606: 487: 479: 467: 453: 422: 375: 359: 311: 307: 210: 194: 98: 6529: 4712:

Prasad, Vijeta; Mohta, Alpana; Srinivasa, Rekha; Ghiya, Bhikamchand (2022).

4391: 4284: 4051: 4034: 3832: 3815: 3569: 3552: 2851:

The Jewish Persona in the European Imagination: A Case of Russian Literature

1773:

would mistranslate the Hebrew Torah to describe the more positive figure of

927:

Researchers have found that people with red hair require greater amounts of

6467: 6446:

Thomas M. van Gulik; Yuji Nimura (January 2005). "Dutch Surgery in Japan".

6431: 4690: 4654: 4598: 4538: 4503: 4451: 4410: 4351: 4302: 4200: 4186: 4119: 4070: 3969: 3886: 3851: 3781: 3632: 2812: 2810: 2577: 1621: 1580: 1359: 1267: 1243: 1178: 1007: 784: 724: 567: 523: 508: 438: 315: 218: 164: 121: 51: 5468:

Nares, Robert; Halliwell-Phillipps, James Orchard; Wright, Thomas (1859).

3694: 3578: 2324: 1948:), sometimes with derogatory connotations. The word "rufus" (a variant of 1208:

Many painters have exhibited a fascination with red hair. The hair color "

6647: 6617: 6491: 3729: 3055: 3038: 2245: 2118: 1905: 1898: 1688:

describes how the blood of a red-haired young man is necessary to create

1455: 1424: 1420: 1384:

MC1R Magazine is a publication for red-haired people worldwide, based in

1358:, for the local Israeli red hair community, including both Ashkenazi and 1340: 1325: 1317: 1275: 1271: 1209: 1077: 1015: 972: 971:, but if the melanocytes have a mutated receptor, they will make reddish 936: 888: 864: 739:

versus the scalp hair. However, some red-bearded people lack MC1R genes.

677: 645: 602: 563: 559: 547: 503: 491: 475: 434: 403: 291: 133: 117: 3866: 2807: 1034: 882:

Red hair and its relationship to UV sensitivity are of interest to many

867:, but fair-skinned persons lack the levels of melanin needed to prevent 463: 6675: 6652: 6632: 6622: 6341: 6318:

Ranzaburo Otori (1964). "The Acceptance of Western Medicine in Japan".

6156:"Harriet Harman apologises for 'ginger rodent' jibe at Danny Alexander" 5731: 5639:, Craig A. Evans, Bloomsbury Publishing, 13 December 2004, page 177-178 5567: 5405: 5380: 5039: 2956: 2888: 2556:

Sunderland E (May 1956). "Hair-color variation in the United Kingdom".

2542: 2384:

Jacky Collis Harvey; A History of the Redhead; 2018; Running Press; USA

2316: 2233: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2121:

traders who were the only Europeans allowed to trade with Japan during

2114: 2003: 1922: 1852: 1840: 1836: 1774: 1766: 1458:

also bears the name Pyrrhus, a possible reference to his own red hair.

1186: 1038: 987: 976: 959:, and are structurally similar). Specifically, redheads have a mutated 952: 928: 875:

and decrease tanning ability. It has been found that Europeans who are

621: 598: 591: 579: 333:

that red hair is Jewish remains in parts of Eastern Europe and Russia.

330: 271: 241: 141: 125: 6423: 5057: 1624:, the redheaded heroine, that "her temper matches her hair", while in 6670: 6637: 4842: 4817: 3036: 2644:

The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe

2200: 2081: 2067: 1945: 1901:, himself a redhead, also covered the topic in his song "Prejudice". 1666: 1441: 1286: 1282: 968: 932: 917: 913: 872: 765: 712: 700: 672: 583: 457: 449: 322: 300: 287: 214: 145: 137: 6410:

Veldman, Jan E. (2002). "A Historical Vignette: Red-Hair Medicine".

6333: 5436:. Vol. 2. Leavitt, Trow, & Co. July 1851. pp. 315–317. 2880: 2864: 2526: 2510: 1812: 1230:

as a redhead. Other painters notable for their redheads include the

692:. Even if both parents do not have red hair themselves, both can be 6572: 4101: 3717:"Hair color gene study sheds new light on roots of redheads' locks" 3614: 3411: 3174:

Mixed Race Student Politics: A Rising "Third Wave" Movement at UCLA

2346: 2063: 1975:

which had the image of a child with red hair sitting on the lap of

1956: 1930: 1917: 1770: 1712: 1697: 1645: 1437: 1396: 1378: 1030: 991: 892: 883: 876: 852: 821: 652: 515: 495: 483: 445: 444:

Several preserved samples of human hair have been obtained from an

399: 283: 63: 4954:"Ginger Pride festival will be held in 2016 to celebrate redheads" 4627:

Challis BG, Pritchard LE, Creemers JW, et al. (August 2002).

1373:

A festival to celebrate the red-haired people is held annually in

1300:

A book of photographs of red haired people was published in 2020,

1216:, who often painted women with red hair. Early Renaissance artist 5897: 4617:

Ed Friedlander, M.D., Pathologist. Last updated 24 September 2006

3170: 2146: 2059: 1754: 1724: 1716: 1385: 1374: 1370:, Redhead Days draws participants from across the United States. 1333: 1202: 1019: 860: 761: 681: 617: 426: 410: 395: 391: 386: 367: 363: 204: 149: 6114:"I too have ginger hair. Abusing us is not acceptable prejudice" 2479:"Edinburgh is surprise capital of redheaded Britain and Ireland" 1598: 1351:

in London, with the aim of instilling pride in having red-hair.

1072:

with red hair and her distinct facial features, wearing a royal

719:

are shown to be recessives for the red hair phenotype. The gene

530:, the Kipchak people are described as red haired and blue-eyed. 6066:"Facebook 'Kick a Ginger' campaign prompts attacks on redheads" 5037:"Photos: We Visited The Only Festival For Redheads In The U.S." 3412:"Тохтасьев С. Р. Sauromatae - Syrmatae - Sarmatae, ХСб 14 2005" 3142: 2173: 2139: 2123: 2086: 2035: 2022: 1949: 1844: 1832: 1729: 1693: 1655:

Another belief is that redheads are highly sexed; for example,

1471:

The Hebrew word usually translated "ruddy" or "reddish-brown" (

1347:

A smaller red-hair day festival is held since 2013 by the UK's

1213: 1097: 1073: 1023: 836: 684:

are a common, but not universal, feature of red-haired people.

664: 587: 326: 296: 46: 6445: 5467: 5212:. Trans. William Henry Denham Rouse. Penguin. pp. 14–15. 5171:. Trans. Ian Johnston, Ian C. Johnston. Penguin. p. 210. 5023:

Finally, a Red Alert This Summer That (Most) Israelis Welcomed

5008:

Fifty shades of orange: A conference on Kibbutz Gezer redheads

2797: 2795: 1892:) featured a spoof documentary which involved a caricature of 1847:, although this is widely disputed, and bodies such as the UK 1312: 624:

individuals were described as having ruddy hair. For example,

6627: 5433:

The eclectic magazine of foreign literature, science, and art

5244: 5203: 5162: 5075: 4803:

Plant Cultures: Exploring plants and people. 18 November 2004

1968: 1758: 1746: 1708: 1502: 1447: 1432: 1329: 1198: 1093: 1011: 629: 597:

In Asia, red or auburn hair has been found among the ancient

551: 478:

have been discovered in various parts of Asia, including the

414: 343: 222: 6241:

Ashley, Sean (5 November 2004). "Stop calling me ang moh ".

2846: 2844: 879:

for red hair exhibit increased sensitivity to UV radiation.

871:. Studies have shown that red hair alleles in MC1R increase 842: 760:(1976) hypothesized that lighter skin pigmentation prevents 5614: 5569:

Gulliver's Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World

4365:

Mogil JS, Wilson SG, Chesler EJ, et al. (April 2003).

2792: 2399:"Celts' red hair could be attributed to the cloudy weather" 1778: 1762: 1707:, red hair and green eyes were thought to be the sign of a 1689: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1465: 956: 716: 625: 533: 5829:"'Red hair revenge' attack on Lincoln boy sees men jailed" 4424:

Myles, P. S.; Buchanan, F. F.; Bain, C. R. (1 July 2012).

1777:

as 'golden haired', in contrast to the negative figure of

6203:'s Press by G.J. Steyn and Brother. p. 481, col. 1. 4928:"The Irish Redhead Convention takes place in County Cork" 4711: 4239:"Do redheads really feel more pain? The jury's still out" 2841: 2687: 1037:

albinism), sometimes seen in Africans and inhabitants of

6514:

Naoyoshi Ogawa, ed. (1931–1932). "âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ (紅毛城)".

6011:. Oxford University Press. November 2012. Archived from 4626: 4316:

Liem EB, Lin CM, Suleman MI, et al. (August 2004).

4267:

Mogil JS, Ritchie J, Smith SB, et al. (July 2005).

4033:

Flanagan N, Healy E, Ray A, et al. (October 2000).

2302: 2015: 1391: 470:, Australian footballer of Afghan and Nicaraguan descent 6138:"Harriet Harman says 'ginger rodent' comment was wrong" 4150: 3813: 3670: 3282:"Journal of the Polynesian Society: Front Matter P 1-6" 2771:

Elkind. Evrei Trudi Antropologitshes-kavo Amdilla, xxi.

605:

in what is now the northwesternmost province of China.

6213:, red haired, generally applied to the English people. 4660: 3235:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

2103:

are the same as those in the historical Japanese term

632:(Gen. 25:25; 1 Sam. 16:12, 17:42.), are described as " 538: 132:. Characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment 6190: 5406:"Biblos Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible" 5381:"Biblos Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible" 2913:. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 480–482. 2895: 2817:

Consanguinity, Inbreeding, and Genetic Drift in Italy

1983:" after customers complained the card was offensive. 1339:

The Irish Redhead Convention, held in late August in

1205:

are used on hair to give it a bright red appearance.

1018:, is a sign of critical starvation caused chiefly by 409:

In Asia, red hair can be found among some peoples of

350:, all those with red hair were identified as Jewish. 5592:

Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman

3864: 3797:"Why do some men have red beards, but not red hair?" 3594: 3392: 2853:, By Leonid Livak, (Stanford University Press 2010). 1929:

Film and television programmes often portray school

1587:

and their diasporas – means "red-haired king", from

1281:

Notable comic book characters with red hair include

6513: 6277: 6174:"Sperm bank can't find takers for red-haired genes" 3597:"Evidence for Variable Selective Pressures at MC1R" 2862: 1354:Since 2014, a red-hair event is held in Israel, at 764:in colder climates by encouraging higher levels of 193:of Europe; it is centred around populations in the 180: 6401:'s] book on the Dutch, 'Red-hair miscellany' ( 6385:. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. pp. 40–64 at 53. 6064: 5972:"Australian slang – a story of Australian English" 4714:"Heterochromia of beard hair - A rare case report" 4516: 4364: 4214: 3091:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 108. 2477: 997: 835:Red hair is caused by a relatively rare recessive 244:, Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, was a redhead. 6376: 6293: 5816:Schoolboy bullied over ginger hair hanged himself 5590:Nicole Hahn Rafter (ed), Lombroso & Ferraro, 4470:"Anesthetic requirement is increased in redheads" 4468:Liem EB, Lin CM, Suleman MI, et al. (2004). 4423: 4318:"Anesthetic requirement is increased in redheads" 4266: 4151:Liem EB, Joiner TV, Tsueda K, Sessler DI (2005). 4062:20.500.11820/ed3cb955-ec0f-4b4a-844e-cd806ca785ce 3843:20.500.11820/ed3cb955-ec0f-4b4a-844e-cd806ca785ce 1820:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 to 1190, from the 1609: 522:ethnic group from Central Asia who served in the 474:Ancient human remains described as having red or 353: 6734: 6383:Anthropology and Colonialism in Asia and Oceania 5321:Ring of Seasons: Iceland—Its Culture and History 4784:, image plates and captions between pp. 246-247. 4774:Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend 4740:"Painting with a portrait of a woman in profile" 4032: 4012: 4010: 3595:Harding, Rosalind M.; et al. (April 2000). 3209:Medieval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources 2869:Journal of the Anthropological Society of London 1403:is commonly portrayed with long red hair, as in 6409: 6381:. In van Bremen, Jan; Akitoshi Shimizu (eds.). 6317: 6102:. 14 December 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2009. 5732:"Oxford English Dictionary s.v. "ginger" II.5b" 5627:, (University of Delaware Press, 2004), page 40 2976: 2739: 2511:"Memoir on the Pigmentation Survey of Scotland" 955:(both derive from the same precursor molecule, 820:article says that the foundation was funded by 221:recruits also found high levels of red hair in 5517:Learn about the family history of your surname 5356:"Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible" 5018: 5016: 5010:By Hagai Matar, Mekomit.co.il, 28 August 2014. 4882:"In pictures: Connecting the world's redheads" 4467: 4315: 3551:Box NF, Wyeth JR, et al. (October 1997). 3409: 2804:, SUNY Press, 2001, Betty N. Hoffman, page 106 2469: 2459:"Auld Reekie is world capital for ginger hair" 2423:Moffat, Alistair; Wilson, James (1 May 2011). 2108: 1659:satirizes redhead stereotypes in part four of 136:and relatively low levels of the dark pigment 29:"Redhead" redirects here. For other uses, see 6588: 6259: 6205: 5704: 5702: 5034: 4979:"Israel holds first conference for 'gingers'" 4007: 3388: 3386: 3205: 2827: 2825: 2080:) meaning "red-haired devil", similar to the 2075: 1648:, redheads are seen as most likely to have a 1599:Prejudice and discrimination against redheads 1064:Most likely a posthumous painted portrait of 1014:. The condition, part of a syndrome known as 655:of red hair appear to be associated with the 6484: 6260:Hubble, Garry (5 November 2004). "ang moh". 6240: 5485: 5324:. University of Michigan Press. p. 85. 3509:was the first to identify MC1R associations 3232: 3022:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3004: 2555: 2422: 2062:) Chinese, meaning "red-haired", is used in 1955:In November 2008, social networking website 1784: 1530: 1484: 1475: 1022:deficiency, and is common during periods of 906: 639: 609:have been found with red hair dating to the 511:show they are sometimes born with red hair. 6507: 6038:Geographical Names Board of New South Wales 5922: 5891: 5513: 5013: 4737: 4558: 4556: 4086:"The genetics of sun sensitivity in humans" 3865:Bodmer, W. F; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L (1976). 3369:. Cambridge University Press. p. 401. 3084: 2167: 1967:In December 2009 British supermarket chain 1851:do not monitor cases of discrimination and 1605:Discrimination against people with red hair 1041:, results in red hair and red-colored skin. 1010:, normally dark human hair may turn red or 6595: 6581: 6226:g Soh Chin (30 October 2004). "Soh Chin". 6225: 6096:"Tesco apologises over 'ginger jibe' card" 6049: 5699: 5594:, Duke University Press, 2004, pp. 123–24. 5280: 4610: 4608: 4562: 3590: 3588: 3383: 2977:Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry (2007). 2822: 2743:Jewish genetic disorders: a layman's guide 2613: 2601:North American Society for Serbian Studies 2298: 2296: 2096:, and in television programmes and films. 258: 170: 5507: 5461: 5423: 5105: 4814:"Image Young Redhead in an Evening Dress" 4742:, in Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), 4644: 4615:Pathology Guy: Accumulations and Deposits 4588: 4493: 4441: 4400: 4390: 4341: 4292: 4176: 4135: 4126: 4109: 4060: 4050: 3841: 3831: 3771: 3622: 3568: 3147:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 3054: 2667: 1543:origin, which is an anglicisation of the 1468:is usually described as having red hair. 1419:, red hair was associated with the deity 1143: 843:Medical implications of the red hair gene 696:for the gene and have a redheaded child. 586:as blue-eyed and red-haired. The ancient 167:, caused by a mutation in the MC1R gene. 6034:Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW 5755: 5708: 5064:(in Russian). Izhevsk city portal. 2017. 4745:Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth 4553: 4262: 4260: 4199: 4077: 3915: 3907:. London. 2 October 2002. Archived from 3794: 3550: 3544: 3362: 3134: 2690:The Times guide to the peoples of Europe 2647:. Cornell University Press. p. 59. 2392: 2390: 2232:Defined in the study as the counties of 1859:red hair; in the same year, a family in 1811: 1736: 1395: 1311: 1147: 1127: 1109: 1083: 1059: 851: 676:skin that is difficult or impossible to 537: 534:Americas, Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa 462: 385: 236: 197:and is particularly associated with the 163:The origin of red hair can be traced to 101:that produces an altered version of the 57: 45: 37: 6296:"Meet Bukit Panjang's 'ang moh leader'" 6278:Sargent, Michael D. (21 October 2007). 5514:Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia (1996). 5490:. Cambridge: Worth Press. p. 220. 5475:. Vol. 1. J.R. Smith. p. 473. 5440: 4898: 4605: 4463: 4461: 4083: 3947: 3585: 3308:Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology 3271:, 4 May 2012, Vol. 336 no. 6081 p. 554. 2640: 2456: 2293: 1527:, reinforcing the negative stereotype. 1076:and pearl-studded hairpins, from Roman 663:. In 1995, Valverde, et al. identified 542:2 women with mixed reddish-brown hair, 185:Red hair is most commonly found at the 6735: 6350:"A Brief History of Medicine in Japan" 6294:Ee Wen Wei, Jamie (11 November 2007). 6111: 5865: 5025:Roy Arad, Haaretz.com, 30 August 2014. 4951: 4925: 3893: 3493:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 393. 3298: 2712: 2396: 2261: 1981:Santa loves all kids. Even ginger ones 1644:. In the Indian medicinal practice of 863:in the skin aids UV tolerance through 486:, China. In Chinese sources, ancient 6576: 6280:"Lessons for this gweilo and ang moh" 6062: 5649:Hare, Augustus John Cuthbert (1895). 5565: 5446: 5243: 5202: 5161: 4257: 3486: 2746:. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. p. 2713:Harvey, Jacky Colliss (9 June 2015). 2475: 2387: 2267: 2016:Use of term in Singapore and Malaysia 1878:. The sketch saw fictional character 1519:is also represented with red hair in 1392:Religious and mythological traditions 1316:Hundreds of redheads together at the 1307: 381: 6602: 6546: 6153: 6077:from the original on 11 January 2022 6022: 5946:"Carrot-Tops: Being Red Not So Easy" 5648: 5317: 5281:Grant, Michael; Hazel, John (2002). 4738:Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (2001), 4458: 3795:Plackett, Benjamin (14 March 2020). 3088:Interpreters in Early Imperial China 3078: 3069: 2901: 2508: 2502: 2490:from the original on 11 January 2022 2127:, its 200-year period of isolation. 1843:). "Gingerism" has been compared to 1044:Red hair is found on people lacking 856:A close-up view of straight red hair 783:A DNA study has concluded that some 6063:Moore, Matthew (22 November 2008). 5854:Catherine Tate: Ginger Refuge video 5566:Swift, Jonathan (1 February 1997). 4899:Spencer, Clare (9 September 2009). 3009:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1696:, in a mixture with the ashes of a 1680: 1485: 1476: 924:such as electrically induced pain. 321:Red hair is also found amongst the 227:Scottish border counties of England 108:Red hair varies in hue from a deep 13: 6540: 6199:. Macao: Printed at the Honorable 6009:Oxford Australia Word of the Month 5779:"Woman wins ginger jibes tribunal" 5109:Ramesses: Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh 5106:Tyldesley, Joyce (26 April 2001). 4683:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03185.x 4581:10.1213/01.ANE.0000180769.51576.CD 4563:Liem Edwin B, et al. (2006). 4531:10.1097/01.mlg.0000147942.82626.1c 3923:"Red hair genes 100,000 years old" 3687:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1987.tb03339.x 3602:American Journal of Human Genetics 3183:UCLA Asian American Studies Center 2688:Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (1994). 2668:Stanaszek, Łukasz Maurycy (2001). 2570:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01286.x 2268:Starr, D. Barry (26 August 2004). 1665:, "A Voyage to the Country of the 1508:Early artistic representations of 790: 711:The alleles Arg151Cys, Arg160Trp, 336: 140:, it is typically associated with 14: 6764: 6568: 6485:Michael Dunn (20 November 2008). 6154:Moss, Vincent (31 October 2010). 5694:Gingerphobia: Carrot-tops see red 5287:. Psychology Press. p. 359. 3933:(11). 31 May 2001. Archived from 3490:A Guide to Forensic DNA Profiling 3366:The Early Age of Greece, Volume 1 2671:Fenotyp dawnych Słowian (VI-X w.) 2397:Moffat, Alistair (30 June 2017). 1409:Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys 1226:depicts the mythological goddess 1212:" takes its name from the artist 1193:can boost sales of red hair dye. 232: 6310: 6271: 6252: 6218: 6184: 6166: 6147: 6131: 6112:Milton, Nicholas (10 May 2016). 6105: 6089: 6056: 5994: 5964: 5938: 5916: 5885: 5859: 5847: 5821: 5809: 5804:Red-haired family forced to move 5797: 5771: 5758:"Man stabbed over "ginger hair"" 5749: 5724: 5711:"Is Gingerism as Bad as Racism?" 5687: 5661: 5642: 5630: 5597: 5584: 5559: 5547: 5479: 5398: 5373: 5348: 5311: 5284:Who's who in classical mythology 5274: 5237: 5209:The Iliad: the story of Achillês 5196: 5155: 4985:. 29 August 2014. Archived from 4486:10.1097/00000542-200408000-00006 4334:10.1097/00000542-200408000-00006 4169:10.1097/00000542-200503000-00006 3212:. Psychology Press. p. 72. 2476:Cramb, Auslan (24 August 2013). 2457:Mcardle, Helen (26 April 2014). 1535:The mainly masculine given name 562:) hair is also found among some 251: 181:Northern and Northwestern Europe 5866:Jinman, Richard (4 July 2003). 5856:Gingerism.com, 18 December 2008 5126: 5099: 5086: 5068: 5050: 5028: 5001: 4971: 4945: 4919: 4892: 4874: 4856: 4831: 4806: 4787: 4766: 4731: 4705: 4620: 4510: 4417: 4358: 4309: 4231: 4193: 4144: 4026: 3984: 3941: 3871:. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. 3858: 3807: 3788: 3723: 3709: 3664: 3639: 3480: 3454: 3430: 3403: 3356: 3333: 3292: 3274: 3261: 3226: 3199: 3164: 3135:Hattaway, Paul (19 July 2018). 3128: 3112: 3063: 3030: 2998: 2970: 2949: 2946:, Greenwood Press, 1972, p. 478 2932: 2856: 2776: 2764: 2733: 2706: 2681: 2661: 2634: 2607: 2592: 2549: 2226: 2162: 2050: 1800:In his 1895 memoir and history 998:Red hair of pathological origin 6348:P Y Ho; F. P Lisowski (1993). 4926:Curtis, Dan (25 August 2014). 4430:Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 3487:Bader, Scott (21 March 2016). 3138:Guizhou: The Precious Province 2979:A Brief History of Afghanistan 2450: 2416: 2378: 2369: 2339: 2153: 2040: 2031: 1897:as a form of racism. Comedian 1849:Commission for Racial Equality 1610:Beliefs concerning temperament 1591:("red-haired" or "rusty") and 1165:was a redhead, and during the 1102:Istanbul Archaeological Museum 951:(MSH), and the pain-relieving 949:melanocyte-stimulating hormone 616:In certain Biblical accounts, 354:North Africa and Mediterranean 1: 6522:Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary 6180:. Toronto. 20 September 2011. 5925:"The stigma of TV's redheads" 5756:BBC News (24 November 2003). 5554:The Practical Magnetic Healer 5447:White, Joseph Blanco (1825). 4952:Mulroy, Zahra (2 July 2015). 3438:"Mysterious Mummies of China" 3007:Area Handbook for Afghanistan 2838:, 31–46, 1982, Melinnkoff R.M 2832:Judas's Red Hair and The Jews 2716:Red: A History of the Redhead 2254: 2113:), which was used during the 2002:, one of the world's largest 1962:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 1556:Ruaidhrí/Ruaidhrígh/Raidhrígh 1136: 1118: 573: 5923:Daily Bruin (3 April 2006). 5892:Tim Minchin (4 March 2010). 5818:Daily Telegraph, 12 May 2009 5486:Martin-Doyle, Katie (1999). 3991:Gingers extinct in 100 years 3962:10.1126/science.318.5850.546 3868:Genetics, evolution, and man 3541:, and reviewed by Sturm, )." 3314:(2): 221–226. Archived from 3206:Bretschneider, Emil (2000). 2863:Stirling, John (1870–1871). 2426:The Scots: A Genetic Journey 1497:) was used to describe both 1442: 1163:Queen Elizabeth I of England 742: 378:from Algeria, respectively. 7: 6553:. Blue Mountain Arts, Inc. 6302:. Singapore. Archived from 6286:. Singapore. Archived from 5520:. Oxford University Press. 4273:Journal of Medical Genetics 3410:Tokhtas'ev, Sergej (2005). 3049:(351). Cambridge: 679–694. 2179: 2099:The Chinese characters for 1806:Augustus John Cuthbert Hare 935:response to the painkiller 847: 706: 81:found in 2–6% of people of 10: 6769: 6377:Winkel, Margarita (1999). 5894:"Prejudice by Tim Minchin" 5696:BBC News, 22 February 2000 5544:for the given name "Rory". 4569:Anesthesia & Analgesia 4443:10.1177/0310057X1204000415 3756:10.1038/s41467-018-07691-z 3363:Ridgeway, William (2014). 3301:"Enigma of the Ngati Hotu" 2944:The Races of Europe (1939) 2620:. Routledge. p. 137. 2614:Dolukhanov, Pavel (2013). 1964:for possible hate crimes. 1602: 1448: 1100:in her arms, 2nd century, 1055: 796: 747: 659:(MC1R), which is found on 306:In the late 18th century, 28: 18: 6699: 6661: 6610: 6460:10.1007/s00268-004-7549-3 6206: 5872:The Sydney Morning Herald 5736:Oxford English Dictionary 5625:Theatres and Performances 4868:womenwriteaboutcomics.com 4243:Wellness Blog on TIME.com 4084:Rees JL (November 2004). 4023:. Retrieved 28 June 2009. 4004:. Retrieved 28 June 2009. 3647:"HGNC Symbol Report:HCL2" 3299:Bolton, Kerry R. (2010). 3247:10.1017/S0041977X00007205 2961:Area Handbook for Algeria 2907:"The Mediterranean World" 2836:Journal of Jewish Art (9) 2729:– via Google Books. 2109: 2076: 1785:Modern-day discrimination 1377:(Russia), the capital of 1324:There has been an annual 907:Pain tolerance and injury 733: 640:Biochemistry and genetics 636:", meaning red or ruddy. 175: 6707:Disappearing blonde gene 6516: 6448:World Journal of Surgery 6360:. pp. 65–78 at 73. 6264:. Singapore. p. 5. 6245:. Singapore. p. 5. 6233:. Singapore. p. 4. 5709:BBC News (6 June 2007). 4799:23 November 2008 at the 4772:Fletcher, Joann (2008). 3820:Human Molecular Genetics 3557:Human Molecular Genetics 2740:Abel, Ernest L. (2001). 2641:Barford, Paul M (2001). 2558:Annals of Human Genetics 2219: 1769:. The ancient historian 1719:during the Middle Ages: 1304:by Kieran Dodds (2020). 799:Disappearing blonde gene 31:Redhead (disambiguation) 6722:Melanocortin 1 receptor 5651:""The Home of Earlham"" 5318:Lacy, Terry G. (2000). 5138:Perseus Digital Library 4392:10.1073/pnas.0730053100 4285:10.1136/jmg.2004.027698 3901:"Nicole's hair secrets" 2981:. Infobase Publishing. 2692:. London: Times Books. 2355:Oxford University Press 2008:artificial insemination 1875:The Catherine Tate Show 1579:which is common to the 1440:' hair is described as 961:melanocortin-1 receptor 901:squamous cell carcinoma 657:melanocortin-1 receptor 171:Geographic distribution 5655:The Gurneys of Earlham 5488:Treasury of Baby Names 5453:. H. Colburn. p. 5134:"Homer, Iliad, Book 1" 4721:Our Dermatology Online 4646:10.1093/hmg/11.17.1997 2903:Coon, Carleton Stevens 2865:"The Races of Morocco" 2203:– in non-human animals 2130:The historic fortress 1824: 1802:The Gurneys of Earlham 1734: 1627:The Catcher in the Rye 1620:, a character says of 1564: 1548: 1412: 1356:Kibbutz Gezer (Carrot) 1349:Anti-Bullying Alliance 1321: 1250:Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 1159: 1144:Media, fashion and art 1140: 1133:Elizabeth I of England 1125: 1104: 1092:depicting the goddess 1081: 941:morphine-6-glucuronide 857: 555: 471: 406: 245: 67: 55: 43: 6192:Walter Henry Medhurst 5806:BBC News, 2 June 2007 5360:Abibleconcordance.com 4052:10.1093/hmg/9.17.2531 3996:27 March 2014 at the 3833:10.1093/hmg/9.17.2531 3736:Nature Communications 3570:10.1093/hmg/6.11.1891 3399:E. Dilly. p. 30. 2603:. 10–11: 78–90. 1997. 2347:"redhead, n. and adj" 1815: 1737:Medieval antisemitism 1732:, whose hair was red. 1721: 1399: 1315: 1258:The Red-Headed League 1157:Edmund Blair Leighton 1151: 1131: 1113: 1087: 1063: 869:UV-induced DNA-damage 855: 541: 466: 389: 240: 152:, and sensitivity to 87:Northwestern European 61: 49: 41: 6712:Fischer–Saller scale 6550:The Redhead Handbook 6018:on 14 February 2017. 4776:. New York: Harper. 4663:Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 4203:(11 December 2005). 3416:Херсонесский сборник 3085:Rachel Lung (2011). 3056:10.15184/aqy.2016.92 2275:The Tech Interactive 1818:Frederick Barbarossa 1686:Theophilus Presbyter 1617:Anne of Green Gables 1523:and in the works of 1080:, mid-1st century AD 1046:pro-opiomelanocortin 897:basal cell carcinoma 826:Procter & Gamble 292:early Slavic peoples 6547:Cass, Cort (2003). 6321:Monumenta Nipponica 6224:See, for instance, 6071:The Daily Telegraph 6002:"Word of the month" 5673:The Huffington Post 5669:"Redheads We Love!" 5572:. Project Gutenberg 5096:(1994), pp. 200–01. 5046:on 25 October 2016. 5035:Mlinaric, Jessica. 4901:"People get red-dy" 4888:. 15 November 2020. 4870:. 25 February 2014. 4675:2003NYASA.994..233K 4383:2003PNAS..100.4867M 3911:on 2 February 2007. 3905:The Daily Telegraph 3748:2018NatCo...9.5271M 3466:Judaism and Science 3321:on 4 September 2011 3070:Woog, Adam (2009). 2965:American University 2911:The Races of Europe 2599:"Serbian Studies". 2509:Gray, John (1907). 2208:How to be a Redhead 2000:Cryos International 1998:In September 2011, 1935:Louise Burfitt-Dons 1914:It's a Jersey Thing 1861:Newcastle upon Tyne 1743:Spanish Inquisition 1525:William Shakespeare 1266:featured red-heads 1220:'s famous painting 1183:Christina Hendricks 1096:holding the infant 1090:Roman marble statue 1006:In cases of severe 830:National Geographic 812:National Geographic 715:, and Arg142His on 699:Genetic studies of 601:, who occupied the 507:phenotype study of 348:Spanish Inquisition 42:Woman with red hair 6454:(1): 10–17 at 10. 6316:See, for example, 6201:East India Company 6144:. 30 October 2010. 5904:on 30 October 2021 5450:Letters from Spain 4210:The New York Times 4017:Redhead extinction 3450:. 20 January 1998. 2719:. Hachette Books. 2317:10.1038/ng1195-328 2278:. Ask a Geneticist 2132:Fort Santo Domingo 1979:, and the words: " 1888:(starring redhead 1855:against redheads. 1825: 1662:Gulliver's Travels 1413: 1405:this 1859 painting 1368:Highwood, Illinois 1322: 1308:Red hair festivals 1263:DuBarry Was a Lady 1223:The Birth of Venus 1160: 1141: 1126: 1115:Portrait of a Lady 1105: 1082: 965:anterior pituitary 858: 809:, which cited the 556: 472: 407: 382:Asia (all regions) 246: 68: 56: 44: 19:For the film, see 6730: 6729: 6691:Hydrogen peroxide 6560:978-1-58786-011-9 6499:on 24 June 2010. 6424:10.1159/000057797 6392:978-0-7007-0604-4 6367:978-981-02-1495-1 6300:The Straits Times 6290:on 25 March 2014. 6284:The Straits Times 6262:The Straits Times 6243:The Straits Times 6229:The Straits Times 5982:on 19 August 2017 5868:"Taking the Mick" 5609:De auro hyspanico 5605:Il sacro artefice 5497:978-1-903025-11-6 5331:978-0-472-08661-0 5294:978-0-415-26041-1 5260:978-0-674-99579-6 5250:Iliad: Books 1–12 5219:978-0-451-52737-0 5178:978-0-9776269-0-8 5119:978-0-14-194978-9 5080:mc1r-magazine.com 5058:"Рыжий фестиваль" 4989:on 19 August 2017 4905:BBC News Magazine 4782:978-0-06-058558-7 4639:(17): 1997–2004. 4090:Am. J. Hum. Genet 3956:(5850): 546–547. 3878:978-0-7167-0573-4 3826:(17): 2531–2537. 3674:Clinical Genetics 3500:978-1-118-75152-7 2988:978-1-4381-0819-3 2875:: clxix–clxxiii. 2788:978-1-4128-0574-2 2757:978-0-7864-0941-9 2699:978-0-7230-0624-4 2654:978-0-8014-3977-3 2627:978-0-582-23618-9 2174:Red-hair (ang mo) 2170: 2142:was nicknamed in 2093:The Straits Times 1986:In October 2010, 1910:Le Petit Tourette 1822:Historia Welforum 1789:In his 1885 book 1675:Guglielmo Ferrero 1218:Sandro Botticelli 1123:Sandro Botticelli 916:levels) and that 803:A 2007 report in 611:2nd millennium BC 494:, Chinese author 374:from Morocco and 154:ultraviolet light 6760: 6604:Human hair color 6597: 6590: 6583: 6574: 6573: 6564: 6534: 6533: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6495:. Archived from 6482: 6443: 6407: 6399:Morishima Chūryō 6374: 6358:World Scientific 6345: 6328:(3/4): 254–274. 6314: 6308: 6307: 6291: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6238: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6151: 6145: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6109: 6103: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6068: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6006: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5978:. Archived from 5976:Australia.gov.au 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5952:. 13 August 2007 5942: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5900:. Archived from 5889: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5706: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5618: 5612: 5601: 5595: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5563: 5557: 5556:G. M. Brown 1899 5551: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5534:on 26 April 2013 5530:. Archived from 5511: 5505: 5504: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5338: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5228: 5226: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5187: 5185: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5142:Tufts University 5130: 5124: 5123: 5103: 5097: 5094:Egyptian Mummies 5090: 5084: 5083: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5042:. Archived from 5032: 5026: 5020: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4810: 4804: 4791: 4785: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4718: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4658: 4648: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4603: 4602: 4592: 4560: 4551: 4550: 4519:The Laryngoscope 4514: 4508: 4507: 4497: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4445: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4404: 4394: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4345: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4296: 4264: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4245:. 12 August 2009 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4218: 4213:. Archived from 4205:"Stoic Redheads" 4197: 4191: 4190: 4180: 4148: 4142: 4139: 4133: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4113: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4064: 4054: 4030: 4024: 4014: 4005: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3927:Oxford Blueprint 3919: 3913: 3912: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3845: 3835: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3775: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3626: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3572: 3548: 3542: 3504: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3390: 3381: 3380: 3360: 3354: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3320: 3305: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3168: 3162: 3160: 3132: 3126: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3021: 3013: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2974: 2968: 2953: 2947: 2940:Carleton S. Coon 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2839: 2829: 2820: 2814: 2805: 2799: 2790: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2481: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2394: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2300: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2265: 2248: 2230: 2214:List of redheads 2171: 2168: 2164: 2155: 2112: 2111: 2079: 2078: 2052: 2042: 2033: 1977:Father Christmas 1942:Australian slang 1705:Montague Summers 1681:Medieval beliefs 1632:Holden Caulfield 1488: 1487: 1480:, from the root 1479: 1478: 1453: 1452: 1445: 1320:, September 2007 1138: 1120: 1033:(Type 3, a.k.a. 806:The Courier-Mail 544:Papua New Guinea 270:Depiction of an 262: 255: 130:strawberry blond 95:recessive allele 79:human hair color 73:, also known as 16:Human hair color 6768: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6757: 6733: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6717:Greying of hair 6695: 6657: 6606: 6601: 6571: 6561: 6543: 6541:Further reading 6538: 6537: 6518: 6512: 6508: 6393: 6368: 6334:10.2307/2383172 6315: 6311: 6306:on 15 May 2007. 6276: 6272: 6257: 6253: 6223: 6219: 6189: 6185: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6152: 6148: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6110: 6106: 6094: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6061: 6057: 6042: 6040: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6015: 6004: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5970: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5944: 5943: 5939: 5929: 5927: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5890: 5886: 5876: 5874: 5864: 5860: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5836: 5835:. 16 April 2013 5827: 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5762: 5760: 5754: 5750: 5740: 5738: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5715: 5713: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5647: 5643: 5635: 5631: 5619: 5615: 5602: 5598: 5589: 5585: 5575: 5573: 5564: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5537: 5535: 5528: 5512: 5508: 5498: 5484: 5480: 5466: 5462: 5445: 5441: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5316: 5312: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5279: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5242: 5238: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5201: 5197: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5160: 5156: 5146: 5144: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5091: 5087: 5076:"MC1R Magazine" 5074: 5073: 5069: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5033: 5029: 5021: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4950: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4897: 4893: 4880: 4879: 4875: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4801:Wayback Machine 4794:Henna – history 4792: 4788: 4771: 4767: 4760: 4736: 4732: 4716: 4710: 4706: 4659: 4633:Hum. Mol. Genet 4625: 4621: 4613: 4606: 4561: 4554: 4515: 4511: 4466: 4459: 4422: 4418: 4363: 4359: 4314: 4310: 4265: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4198: 4194: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4082: 4078: 4039:Hum. Mol. Genet 4031: 4027: 4015: 4008: 3998:Wayback Machine 3989: 3985: 3946: 3942: 3937:on 9 July 2001. 3921: 3920: 3916: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3812: 3808: 3801:livescience.com 3793: 3789: 3728: 3724: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3669: 3665: 3655: 3653: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3593: 3586: 3563:(11): 1891–97. 3549: 3545: 3511:pheomelanogenic 3501: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3408: 3404: 3391: 3384: 3377: 3361: 3357: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3303: 3297: 3293: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3266: 3262: 3231: 3227: 3220: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3179:Los Angeles, CA 3169: 3165: 3157: 3133: 3129: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3083: 3079: 3068: 3064: 3035: 3031: 3015: 3014: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2975: 2971: 2954: 2950: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2900: 2896: 2881:10.2307/3025183 2861: 2857: 2849: 2842: 2830: 2823: 2815: 2808: 2800: 2793: 2781: 2777: 2769: 2765: 2758: 2738: 2734: 2727: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2686: 2682: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2639: 2635: 2628: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2554: 2550: 2527:10.2307/2843323 2507: 2503: 2493: 2491: 2474: 2470: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2421: 2417: 2407: 2405: 2395: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2305:Nature Genetics 2301: 2294: 2281: 2279: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2251: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2182: 2018: 1992:Danny Alexander 1829:British English 1787: 1739: 1683: 1671:Cesare Lombroso 1612: 1607: 1601: 1561:Scottish Gaelic 1533: 1531:The name "Rory" 1521:Spanish culture 1394: 1310: 1254:Sherlock Holmes 1236:Edmund Leighton 1232:Pre-Raphaelites 1175:Alyson Hannigan 1167:Elizabethan era 1146: 1070:Ptolemaic Egypt 1058: 1029:One variety of 1000: 922:noxious stimuli 909: 850: 845: 801: 793: 791:Extinction hoax 750: 745: 736: 709: 669:red hair colour 642: 576: 558:Reddish-brown ( 536: 384: 362:populations of 356: 339: 337:Southern Europe 310:considered the 277: 276: 275: 269: 264: 263: 256: 235: 191:western fringes 183: 178: 173: 142:fair skin color 34: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6766: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6667: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6600: 6599: 6592: 6585: 6577: 6570: 6569:External links 6567: 6566: 6565: 6559: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6506: 6418:(2): 157–165. 6391: 6366: 6309: 6270: 6258:For instance, 6251: 6217: 6183: 6165: 6146: 6130: 6104: 6088: 6055: 6021: 5993: 5963: 5937: 5915: 5884: 5858: 5846: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5785:. 25 June 2007 5770: 5748: 5723: 5698: 5686: 5675:. 29 June 2012 5660: 5641: 5629: 5613: 5603:Palo Galloni, 5596: 5583: 5558: 5546: 5526: 5506: 5496: 5478: 5472:contemporaries 5460: 5439: 5422: 5410:Biblesuite.com 5397: 5385:Biblesuite.com 5372: 5347: 5330: 5310: 5293: 5273: 5259: 5236: 5218: 5195: 5177: 5154: 5125: 5118: 5112:. Penguin UK. 5098: 5085: 5067: 5049: 5027: 5012: 5000: 4983:Al-monitor.com 4970: 4944: 4918: 4891: 4873: 4855: 4830: 4805: 4786: 4765: 4758: 4730: 4704: 4619: 4604: 4575:(1): 313–318. 4552: 4525:(11): 2031–3. 4509: 4474:Anesthesiology 4457: 4436:(4): 683–689. 4416: 4377:(8): 4867–72. 4357: 4322:Anesthesiology 4308: 4256: 4230: 4219:on 29 May 2015 4192: 4157:Anesthesiology 4143: 4134: 4125: 4102:10.1086/425285 4076: 4045:(17): 2531–7. 4025: 4006: 3983: 3940: 3914: 3892: 3877: 3857: 3806: 3787: 3722: 3708: 3663: 3651:Gene.ucl.ac.uk 3638: 3615:10.1086/302863 3609:(4): 1351–61. 3584: 3543: 3499: 3479: 3468:. 7 April 2015 3453: 3429: 3402: 3382: 3375: 3355: 3332: 3291: 3286:auckland.ac.nz 3273: 3260: 3241:(2): 229–245. 3225: 3218: 3198: 3192:978-0934052528 3191: 3163: 3155: 3127: 3111: 3098:978-9027224446 3097: 3077: 3062: 3029: 2997: 2987: 2969: 2948: 2931: 2894: 2855: 2840: 2821: 2806: 2791: 2775: 2773:, Moscow, 1903 2763: 2756: 2732: 2725: 2705: 2698: 2680: 2660: 2653: 2633: 2626: 2606: 2591: 2548: 2501: 2468: 2449: 2435: 2415: 2386: 2377: 2368: 2338: 2292: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2242:Northumberland 2224: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2204: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2181: 2178: 2017: 2014: 1988:Harriet Harman 1973:Christmas card 1920:" episodes of 1870:Catherine Tate 1795:Wilkie Collins 1786: 1783: 1751:Judas Iscariot 1738: 1735: 1682: 1679: 1657:Jonathan Swift 1611: 1608: 1603:Main article: 1600: 1597: 1585:Highland Scots 1532: 1529: 1517:Judas Iscariot 1510:Mary Magdalene 1401:Mary Magdalene 1393: 1390: 1381:, since 2004. 1309: 1306: 1191:Geri Halliwell 1145: 1142: 1121:1470–1475, by 1057: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1042: 1027: 999: 996: 908: 905: 849: 846: 844: 841: 792: 789: 758:Cavalli-Sforza 749: 746: 744: 741: 735: 732: 708: 705: 641: 638: 582:describes the 575: 572: 535: 532: 518:people were a 383: 380: 355: 352: 338: 335: 290:described the 266: 265: 257: 250: 249: 248: 247: 234: 233:Eastern Europe 231: 199:Celtic nations 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6765: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6681:Dye stripping 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6663:Hair coloring 6660: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6598: 6593: 6591: 6586: 6584: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6562: 6556: 6552: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6510: 6503: 6498: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6373: 6369: 6363: 6359: 6356:. Singapore: 6355: 6351: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6313: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6274: 6267: 6263: 6255: 6248: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6221: 6214: 6212: 6202: 6198: 6193: 6187: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6139: 6134: 6119: 6115: 6108: 6101: 6097: 6092: 6076: 6072: 6067: 6059: 6052: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6030:"Rufus River" 6025: 6014: 6010: 6003: 5997: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5926: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5888: 5873: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5850: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5759: 5752: 5737: 5733: 5727: 5712: 5705: 5703: 5695: 5690: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5633: 5626: 5622: 5617: 5610: 5606: 5600: 5593: 5587: 5571: 5570: 5562: 5555: 5550: 5533: 5529: 5527:0-19-280050-7 5523: 5519: 5518: 5510: 5503: 5499: 5493: 5489: 5482: 5474: 5473: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5443: 5435: 5434: 5426: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5361: 5357: 5351: 5344: 5333: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5314: 5307: 5296: 5290: 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4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4328:(2): 279–83. 4327: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4261: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4217: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4201:Sullivan, Amy 4196: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4163:(3): 509–14. 4162: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4138: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4096:(5): 739–51. 4095: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4022: 4021:HowStuffWorks 4018: 4013: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3918: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3870: 3869: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3726: 3718: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3681:(2): 125–28. 3680: 3676: 3675: 3667: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3591: 3589: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3483: 3467: 3463: 3462:"Ginger Jews" 3457: 3449: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3433: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3398: 3397: 3389: 3387: 3378: 3376:9781107434585 3372: 3368: 3367: 3359: 3352: 3351:0-8020-8508-3 3348: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3270: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3229: 3221: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3202: 3194: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3167: 3158: 3156:9780281079896 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3131: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3100: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3081: 3073: 3066: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3033: 3025: 3019: 3012: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2990: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2967:, 1965, p. 91 2966: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2803: 2798: 2796: 2789: 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2024: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1895: 1894:Mick Hucknall 1891: 1890:Leigh Francis 1887: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1733: 1731: 1726: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1703:According to 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1652:temperament. 1651: 1647: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1483: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1451: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1423:, as well as 1422: 1418: 1417:ancient Egypt 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1389: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1319: 1314: 1305: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:Nicole Kidman 1168: 1164: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1134: 1130: 1124: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1066:Cleopatra VII 1062: 1053: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1004: 1003: 995: 993: 989: 984: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 944: 942: 938: 934: 930: 925: 923: 919: 915: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 885: 880: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 854: 840: 838: 833: 831: 827: 823: 819: 818:HowStuffWorks 814: 813: 808: 807: 800: 795: 788: 786: 781: 778: 776: 775:genetic drift 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 740: 731: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 704: 702: 697: 695: 691: 685: 683: 679: 674: 670: 666: 662: 661:chromosome 16 658: 654: 649: 647: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 614: 612: 608: 607:Tarim mummies 604: 600: 595: 593: 589: 585: 581: 571: 569: 565: 561: 554:and red hair. 553: 549: 545: 540: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 512: 510: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 488:Kyrgyz people 485: 481: 480:Tarim mummies 477: 469: 468:Mustafa Amini 465: 461: 459: 455: 454:South Siberia 451: 447: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 405: 402:region, with 401: 397: 393: 388: 379: 377: 373: 369: 366:and northern 365: 361: 351: 349: 345: 334: 332: 328: 324: 319: 317: 313: 312:Udmurt people 309: 308:ethnographers 304: 302: 298: 293: 289: 285: 281: 273: 268: 261: 254: 243: 239: 230: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 211:Great Britain 208: 206: 202: 200: 196: 195:British Isles 192: 188: 168: 166: 161: 157: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 106: 104: 100: 99:chromosome 16 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 65: 60: 54:with red hair 53: 48: 40: 36: 32: 25: 23: 6686:Highlighting 6642: 6549: 6521: 6509: 6500: 6497:the original 6490: 6479: 6451: 6447: 6415: 6411: 6403:Kōmō zatsuwa 6402: 6396: 6382: 6371: 6353: 6325: 6319: 6312: 6304:the original 6299: 6288:the original 6283: 6273: 6265: 6261: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6210: 6204: 6195: 6186: 6177: 6168: 6160:Daily Mirror 6159: 6149: 6141: 6133: 6121:. Retrieved 6118:The Guardian 6117: 6107: 6099: 6091: 6079:. Retrieved 6070: 6058: 6041:. Retrieved 6033: 6024: 6013:the original 6008: 5996: 5984:. Retrieved 5980:the original 5975: 5966: 5954:. Retrieved 5949: 5940: 5928:. Retrieved 5918: 5906:. Retrieved 5902:the original 5887: 5875:. Retrieved 5871: 5861: 5849: 5837:. Retrieved 5832: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5787:. Retrieved 5782: 5773: 5761:. Retrieved 5751: 5739:. Retrieved 5735: 5726: 5714:. Retrieved 5689: 5677:. Retrieved 5672: 5663: 5654: 5644: 5636: 5632: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5599: 5591: 5586: 5574:. Retrieved 5568: 5561: 5549: 5536:. Retrieved 5532:the original 5516: 5509: 5501: 5487: 5481: 5470: 5463: 5449: 5442: 5432: 5430:"Red Hair". 5425: 5413:. Retrieved 5409: 5400: 5388:. Retrieved 5384: 5375: 5363:. Retrieved 5359: 5350: 5342: 5335:. Retrieved 5320: 5313: 5305: 5298:. Retrieved 5283: 5276: 5264:. Retrieved 5249: 5239: 5230: 5223:. Retrieved 5208: 5198: 5189: 5182:. Retrieved 5167: 5157: 5145:. 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