128:
1321:
810:
1812:(The hypothetical form **kysses (kiss each other) is not often—if ever—seen in Danish; however, it will likely be understood by most native speakers, indicating that the mediopassive voice is still at the very least potentially productive in Danish. An expression like "de kysses uafladeligt" (they kiss each other all the time) could very well be used for humorous purposes.)
762:ненавидеть себя (nenavidet' sebja) "to hate oneself", which uses a reflexive pronoun, compares to мыться (myt'-sja) "to wash (oneself)", which uses a reflexive suffix (Russian can also say мыть себя (myt' sebja), with a reflexive pronoun, but only when the pronoun needs to be stressed for emphasis or contrast).
728:
In all of these language groups, reflexive forms often present an obstacle for foreign learners (notably native speakers of
English, where the feature is practically absent) due to the variety of uses. Even in languages which contain the feature, it is not always applicable to the same verbs and uses
3929:
In actuality, the broader function of the reciprocal verb is to emphasize the agentivity of the grammatical subject(s), sometimes to directly counteract expectations of an external agent--as in the first example above. The combination of the reciprocal verb with the reflexive pronoun highlights the
753:
Martin
Haspelmath also has a useful distinction between the reflexive types mentioned below, which he calls introverted reflexives, and so-called extroverted reflexives, which are used for verbs that are usually not reflexive, like hate oneself, love oneself, hear oneself, and kill oneself. Some
745:
do use a reflexive verb: "loď se potopila"/"loď sa potopila". Reflexive verbs can have a variety of uses and meanings, which often escape consistent classification. Some language-common identified uses are outlined below. For example, Davies et al. identify 12 uses for
Spanish reflexive
2687:(also present in all Romance and Slavic languages). On one hand, impersonal reflexive constructs have a wider scope of application, as they are not limited to transitive verbs like the canonical passive voice. On the other hand, those constructs can have slight semantic difference or
3966:
while the passive voice is rare and archaic. There are numerous verb pairs where one element is active and the other expresses middle voice, something happening apparently on its own, rendered in
English like "to become, get, grow, turn" (something). See also
3941:
Conversely, the reflexive verb can have precisely this function of backgrounding the agentivity of the subject and bringing the focus to the effect that was wrought upon the undergoer(s) as in the second example above.
783:
rather than a pronoun. Similarly, in modern Greek, it is expressed using the middle usage of the mediopassive voice. On the other hand, the extroverted reflexive was a true reflexive in ancient Greek and modern
3797:
for reflexivity and reciprocality respectively; however, in practice it is less clear cut. Take for example the presence of the reciprocal suffix in what should seem like a simple reflexive example.
2364:
In Slavic languages, practically "the only condition is that they can be construed as having a human agent. The applied human agent can be generic, or loosely specified collective or individual."
2349:"Intransitive" forms (also known as "impersonal reflexive" or "mediopassive") are obtained by attaching the reflexive pronoun to intransitive verbs. The grammatical subject is either omitted (in
3600:
These reflexive morphemes are largely employed for expressing reciprocality as well; however, in cases where there is potential ambiguity between a reflexive and a reciprocal interpretation,
1381:"Reciprocal" reflexive denotes that the agents perform the mutual actions among themselves, as in English constructions using "each other". In most cases, the transitive verbs are also used.
3329:
is a verb which must have both an object and a subject, but where, in some context, both the object and the subject are identical. In
Inuktitut, this situation is expressed by using a
5046:
1826:"Autocausative" reflexive denotes that the (usually animate) "referent represented by the subject combines the activity of actor and undergoes a change of state as a patient":
2707:) reflexive verbs lack the corresponding non-reflexive from which they can be synchronically derived. In other words, the reflexive pronoun "is an inherent part of an
2097:"Anticausative" reflexive denotes that the (usually inanimate) subject of the verb undergoes an action or change of state whose agent is unclear or nonexistent.
438:, used to emphasize the reflexive nature of the act; it is applicable only to "true" reflexive verbs, where the agent performs a (transitive) action on itself.
156:
4246:
4150:
4483:
3465:
language family) reflexivity can combine with past (PST), nonpast (NPST), and imperative (IMP) tense marking to form the verbal suffixes:
3581:
In each of these cases, the reflexively inflected verb now forms a new stem to which additional morphology may be affixed, for example
4064:
4204:
772:
The distinction exists similarly in
English, where introverted reflexive verbs usually have no reflexive pronoun, unlike extroverted.
4117:. Current Issues in Formal Slavic Linguistics. G. Zybatow, et al., Eds. 137-147. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main. 2002. Archived from
3249:, I complain); however, in other languages, the corresponding non-reflexive verb has a different meaning, like "lament" or "mourn".
3487:
a transitive verb meaning 'send back' is detransitivized to mean 'return' taking only one nominal argument with an agentive role:
4188:
Claire Moyse-Faurie. Reflexives markers in
Oceanic languages. Studia Linguistica, In press, 71 (1/2), pp.107-135. ffhal-02875517f
4271:
149:
4374:
4326:
4111:
729:(although a common subset can be generally extracted, as outlined below). For example, the Spanish reflexive construct "
3789:, has some ambiguity between reflexive and reciprocal morphemes and constructions. Ostensibly, there are two suffixes
5344:
3269:הִתְפַּעֵל. A clause whose predicate is a reflexive verb may never have an object but may have other modifiers. e.g.
1368:
857:
142:
22:
1350:
839:
4476:
3616:
suffix upon the grammatical subject. See for example the following contrast between the reciprocal and reflexive:
733:" ("the boat sank") has no reflexive equivalent in some Slavic languages (which use an intransitive equivalent of
1342:
831:
281:
or syntax to transform a verb into a reflexive form. In many languages, reflexive constructions are rendered by
5318:
1346:
835:
2711:
reflexive or reciprocal verb with no meaning of its own, and an obligatory part of the verb's lexical entry":
5136:
2683:
In many cases, there is a semantic overlap between impersonal/anticausative/autocausative constructs and the
5128:
4035:
457:
do as well without cliticizing. This is illustrated in the following table for the word "to recall" (e.g.,
193:(typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object). For example, the English verb
4828:
4647:
4544:
4469:
4089:
3938:
of their own action (as in a reflexive event where agentivity is backgrounded e.g. "I soiled myself").
4514:
4398:
4350:
3711:
3590:
4253:
4431:
754:
Indo-European languages have a different reflexive morpheme for extroverted reflexives. For example:
5238:
4738:
3968:
3778:
3601:
3458:
2340:
1331:
820:
450:
278:
94:
5050:
4559:
3782:
3594:
1793:) voice is used for medial, especially reciprocal, constructions. Some examples from Danish are:
1335:
824:
454:
4813:
4228:
5184:
5011:
4920:
2361:, as they have only the 3rd person singular (masculine or neuter, depending on language) form.
293:
to the floor.") English employs reflexive derivation idiosyncratically, as in "self-destruct".
29:
4454:
426:
is used in
Western and South Slavic languages, while Eastern Slavic languages use the suffix -
5255:
5146:
5141:
5118:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4880:
4673:
4509:
4252:. Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics University of Cambridge. Archived from
4065:"Syntactic features, register variation, and the language learner: the case of se in Spanish"
875:
385:
78:
51:
5260:
5194:
5026:
4983:
4885:
4748:
4708:
4286:
4068:
4005:
3715:
363:). Full reflexive pronouns or pronominal phrases are added for emphasis or disambiguation:
114:
3181:
The verb is reflexive, but not inherently. Both have non-reflexive forms: the transitive
8:
5041:
5021:
4668:
871:
788:
4461:
4369:. Dixon, Robert Malcolm Ward., Blake, Barry J. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 1979. p. 315.
4321:. Dixon, Robert Malcolm Ward., Blake, Barry J. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 1979. p. 123.
780:
5207:
5174:
5100:
5085:
5070:
5060:
4973:
4968:
4958:
4753:
4683:
4678:
4392:
4344:
4144:
4010:
2344:
2092:
1821:
1310:
769:"zij haat zichzelf" "she hates herself", versus "zij wast zich" "she washes (herself)".
446:
442:
202:
189:, for example, "I wash myself". More generally, a reflexive verb has the same semantic
132:
118:
5164:
5090:
5065:
4988:
4853:
4798:
4768:
4728:
4442:
4380:
4370:
4332:
4322:
4015:
2708:
2350:
792:
404:
345:
206:
186:
106:
90:
63:
44:
36:
4412:
Gaby, Alice (2008). "Distinguishing
Reciprocals from Reflexives in Kuuk Thaayorre".
4165:
5202:
5095:
5075:
4925:
4890:
4808:
4603:
4220:
932:
759:
747:
320:
312:
305:
301:
242:
214:
67:
4118:
3878:
Or the reverse wherein an apparent reciprocal assertion has reflexive morphology:
1800:; "Mary and Peter are bickering", lit. "Mary and Peter are scolded by each other."
5110:
5031:
4993:
4978:
4858:
4848:
4763:
4758:
4698:
4564:
4534:
3786:
879:
742:
484:
479:
282:
40:
5292:
5250:
5212:
5114:
4843:
4833:
4718:
4713:
4693:
4688:
4617:
4492:
3240:
2358:
766:
738:
489:
460:
3597:, and a verbs class may restrict the ease with which it can be reflexivized.
5338:
5217:
5169:
5036:
5016:
4895:
4793:
4743:
4723:
4703:
4384:
4336:
4000:
3995:
3961:
3320:
3243:
2684:
2354:
776:
182:
86:
4224:
3973:
5306:
5280:
5270:
5243:
5105:
4838:
4803:
4778:
4733:
4554:
3977:
3462:
1790:
241:
The presence of the reflexive pronoun changes the meaning of a verb, e.g.,
209:, regardless of semantics; such verbs are also more broadly referred to as
71:
4437:. Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University, Melbourne.
4364:
4316:
4963:
4773:
4652:
4613:
4578:
4569:
5323:
5222:
5179:
5156:
5080:
4915:
4818:
4788:
4783:
4637:
4632:
4539:
4529:
4519:
4429:
2688:
190:
3981:
3741:
5313:
5275:
5055:
4872:
4627:
4573:
4549:
59:
1320:
809:
5302:
5297:
4205:"The reinterpretation of the reflexive in Piedmontese: 'impersonal'
4166:"A frequentist explanation of some universals of reflexive marking"
127:
3483:(REFL+IMP) respectively. See the following example where the verb
5287:
5003:
4608:
4524:
170:
4109:
3722:
to mark reciprocality and de-transitivize transitive verbs e.g.
1789:
In modern
Scandinavian languages, the passive (or more properly
5265:
4950:
4642:
4622:
3266:
3262:
329:
encliticizes to the verb's infinitive, gerund, and imperative (
316:
4062:
3934:(as in a mutual/symmetric reciprocal event) but was also the
3604:
has an additional means for emphasizing the reflexive (i.e.,
3538:
The same valence-reduction process occurs for the transitive
3310:אצל אבי - the woman got a haircut/had her hair done at Avi's.
453:
ones have a special third person pronoun that cliticizes and
441:
The Slavic languages use the same reflexive pronoun for all
4588:
4501:
308:
make extensive use of reflexive verbs and reflexive forms.
201:. In a wider sense, the term refers to any verb form whose
178:
4491:
3955:"The door opened" is expressed in Hungarian as "Az ajtó
1619:
1603:
1128:
1112:
1677:
1660:
1186:
1169:
430:(-ся). There is also the non-clitic emphatic pronoun
3589:(return-REFL+PST-NEG) 'didn't return.' As with many
1775:
1759:
779:, the introverted reflexive was expressed using the
714:
677:
637:
600:
560:
523:
16:
Verb whose direct object is the same as its subject
882:and can be used in non-reflexive meaning as well.
5336:
4432:"Changing valency: Case studies in transitivity"
4134:
870:The "true" (literal) reflexive denotes that the
4247:"Passive and Impersonal in English and Serbian"
3495:
285:followed by a reflexive pronoun, as in English
3850:
791:distinguishes between middle and reflexive in
349:
4477:
4430:R. M. W. Dixon & A. Y. Aikhenvald (eds).
4163:
4110:María Luisa Rivero & Milena M. Sheppard.
3871:man one.NOM spear-RECP-PST.PFV 3SG.REFL dead
2334:
389:
370:
364:
330:
324:
260:
245:
150:
4137:Russkiy Yazik: Grammatičeskoe učenie o slove
2794:
2783:
2771:
2760:
2446:
2435:
2149:
2135:
1879:
1865:
1430:
1420:
939:
921:
704:
693:
667:
656:
627:
616:
590:
579:
550:
539:
513:
502:
466:
458:
4272:"Alternating unaccusative verbs in Slovene"
4244:
4240:
4238:
3886:
1349:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
838:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
750:reflexive verbs into as many as 16 groups.
4484:
4470:
4149:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3986:three suffix groups that form such verbs.
3670:
3629:
3593:, however, verbs in the lexicon belong to
3299:בבוקר - the man 'showered himself', i.e.,
348:, the particle procliticizes to the verb (
296:
157:
143:
3913:
3840:
3550:
1369:Learn how and when to remove this message
858:Learn how and when to remove this message
319:reflexive pronouns and emphatic ones. In
197:is reflexive, since one can only perjure
4366:Handbook of Australian languages. Vol. 1
4318:Handbook of Australian languages. Vol. 1
4235:
4213:Transactions of the Philological Society
4063:Mark Davies; James Jones; Nicole Tracy.
4058:
4056:
3969:the grammatical voice of Hungarian verbs
3832:
3752:
3217:The corresponding verb is not reflexive.
746:constructions, while Vinogradov divides
4198:
4196:
4194:
3909:
3890:
3814:
3612:the agent) interpretation: namely, the
3565:
3528:Nyundu wanhdha=wanhdhaalga waarmba-aya?
3499:
3447:
3239:exists only in reflexive form (cf. the
277:There are languages that have explicit
5337:
4269:
3868:pam thono tup ko’o-rr-r nhanganul watp
3522:
217:. Other kinds of pronominal verbs are
4465:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4202:
4103:
4053:
3950:
3930:notion that the subject acted highly
3894:
3730:
3197:have non-reflexive forms: transitive
799:
4411:
4191:
3874:One man speared himself dead, whack!
3341:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
1347:adding citations to reliable sources
1314:
836:adding citations to reliable sources
803:
4279:Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics
4033:
3945:
2357:(otherwise). Thus, those verbs are
213:, especially in the grammar of the
13:
4304:
4112:"On Impersonal se / się in Slavic"
4090:"Reflexive Verbs: An Introduction"
3836:
3756:
3689:
3644:
3452:
14:
5356:
4423:
3925:They two collided with one other.
3905:
3854:
3772:
3685:
3674:
3640:
3561:
3518:
3220:
3208:
3164:
3922:2DU-NOM/ERG collide-REFL-NOM.PFV
2086:
1815:
1808:; "Mary and Peter got engaged ."
1319:
808:
471:means "You recall", and so on).
126:
4405:
4357:
4263:
3701:The two of them hit themselves.
3656:The two of them hit each other.
3619:
410:The enclitic reflexive pronoun
4182:
4157:
4128:
4082:
4027:
3971:and the Wiktionary entries of
3705:
1187:
1170:
1129:
1113:
1:
4021:
3531:2sg+NOM when return.REFL+NPST
1304:
4036:"Idiomatic Pronominal Verbs"
3660:
3314:
2699:"Inherent" or "pronominal" (
1806:Maria og Peter blev forlovet
323:, for example, the particle
7:
3989:
3423:
3397:
3389:
3363:
3355:
2694:
1776:
1760:
1678:
1661:
1620:
1604:
10:
5361:
5319:Syntax–semantics interface
3374:I just shot the polar bear
3318:
2338:
2335:Intransitive or impersonal
2090:
1819:
1308:
101:Reflexives and reciprocals
5231:
5193:
5155:
5127:
5002:
4949:
4871:
4661:
4596:
4587:
4500:
4135:V. V. Vinogradov (1947).
3256:
2795:
2784:
2772:
2761:
2719:
2447:
2436:
2372:
2150:
2136:
1880:
1866:
1431:
1421:
1265:
1255:
940:
922:
715:
705:
694:
678:
668:
657:
649:
638:
628:
617:
601:
591:
580:
572:
561:
551:
540:
524:
514:
503:
495:
476:
369:"I take care of myself" (
5345:Transitivity and valency
4739:Exceptional case-marking
4067:. Ugr.es. Archived from
3408:I just shot a polar bear
2341:Impersonal passive voice
878:. The verb is typically
449:, while the Romance and
315:, there are nonemphatic
23:Transitivity and valency
4285:: 57–72. Archived from
4270:Grahek, Sabina (2002).
4225:10.1111/1467-968X.00024
3768:Those two were fighting
3265:reflexive verbs are in
1450:(Infinitive: besarse).
455:the other Germanic ones
297:Indo-European languages
4545:Initial-stress-derived
4397:: CS1 maint: others (
4349:: CS1 maint: others (
3765:DEM two-S hit-RECP+PST
3591:Pama–Nyungan languages
3585:'returned' may become
3445:
3420:
3394:
3386:
3360:
3352:
1798:Maria og Peter skændes
931:
874:is simultaneously the
737:), though for example
467:
459:
390:
371:
365:
350:
331:
325:
261:
246:
223:they killed each other
133:Linguistics portal
5056:Inclusive / Exclusive
4414:Trends in Linguistics
3698:3DU-REFL hit-REFL+PST
3534:When will you return?
3405:Nanurmik qukiqsijunga
3339:
3185:and the intransitive
4006:Reciprocal (grammar)
3762:yaraŋ bulari bum-iri
3718:has a verbal suffix
3448:Australian languages
2936:Marija in Petar sta
1343:improve this section
832:improve this section
407:reflexive pronoun).
115:Reciprocal (grammar)
4936:Relative subsective
4829:Regular / Irregular
4674:Andative / Venitive
4510:Abstract / Concrete
4164:MARTIN HASPELMATH.
4092:. Spanish.about.com
3695:Bula-agu gunda-adhi
3595:conjugation classes
3577:Don't cut yourself!
3506:wanhdha=wanhdhaalga
2847:La Maria i en Pere
1848:became/was offended
1503:La Maria i en Pere
789:Claire Moyse-Faurie
366:Me cuido a mí mismo
185:is the same as its
4495:and their features
4493:Lexical categories
4453:has generic name (
4203:Parry, M. (1998).
4171:. Staff.eva.mpg.de
4034:Lawless, Laura K.
4011:Reciprocal pronoun
3951:Hungarian language
3587:waarmba-adhi-lmugu
3434:I just shot myself
3333:but by affixing a
3277:מעבודתו - the man
2903:Marija i Petar su
2351:pro-drop languages
2345:Mediopassive voice
2093:Anticausative verb
1822:Autocausative verb
1465:A Maria e o Pedro
1311:Reciprocal pronoun
959:. (Verb: lavarse)
800:Properly reflexive
731:se hundió el barco
465:means "I recall",
386:prepositional form
384:combines with the
203:grammatical object
119:Reciprocal pronoun
95:Impersonal passive
5332:
5331:
5137:Casally modulated
5042:Formal / Informal
4931:Pure intersective
4881:Anti-intersective
4867:
4866:
4814:Preterite-present
4376:978-90-272-7355-0
4328:978-90-272-7355-0
4245:Milja Djurkovic.
4016:Reflexive pronoun
3982:-odik/-edik/-ödik
3959:", from the verb
3461:(a member of the
3443:
3442:
3301:took/had a shower
3235:Only the Spanish
3160:
3159:
3112:Marija ir Petras
2681:
2680:
2332:
2331:
2084:
2083:
1787:
1786:
1735:Marija ir Petras
1718:küssen einander)
1379:
1378:
1371:
1302:
1301:
868:
867:
860:
793:Oceanic languages
726:
725:
313:Romance languages
215:Romance languages
207:reflexive pronoun
191:agent and patient
167:
166:
107:Reflexive pronoun
45:Ditransitive verb
37:Intransitive verb
5352:
4911:Non-intersective
4594:
4593:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4438:
4436:
4418:
4417:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4388:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4348:
4340:
4313:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4276:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4251:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4227:. Archived from
4200:
4189:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4170:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4116:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4060:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4031:
3946:Uralic languages
3915:
3911:
3907:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3856:
3852:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3816:
3758:
3754:
3743:
3732:
3691:
3687:
3676:
3672:
3653:3DU hit-REFL+PST
3646:
3642:
3631:
3574:NEG cut-REFL+IMP
3567:
3563:
3552:
3524:
3520:
3501:
3497:
3477:(REFL+NPST) and
3342:
3288:לסמים - the man
3250:
3233:
3218:
3215:
3206:
3189:. In Lithuanian
3179:
2802:
2801:
2791:
2790:
2785:Marie et Pierre
2779:
2778:
2768:
2767:
2714:
2713:
2651:Es arbeitet sich
2454:
2453:
2443:
2442:
2367:
2366:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2145:
2100:
2099:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1829:
1828:
1783:
1766:
1712:Maria und Peter
1685:
1668:
1627:
1610:
1579:Marija in Petar
1469:(Verb: beijar).
1438:
1437:
1427:
1426:
1422:Marie et Pierre
1384:
1383:
1374:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1323:
1315:
1194:
1193:
1177:
1176:
1136:
1135:
1119:
1118:
978:. (Verb: lavar)
947:
946:
929:
928:
885:
884:
863:
856:
852:
849:
843:
812:
804:
722:
721:
711:
710:
701:
700:
685:
684:
674:
673:
664:
663:
645:
644:
634:
633:
624:
623:
608:
607:
597:
596:
587:
586:
568:
567:
557:
556:
547:
546:
531:
530:
520:
519:
510:
509:
474:
473:
470:
464:
402:
399:
396:
393:
383:
380:
377:
374:
368:
362:
359:
356:
353:
343:
340:
337:
334:
328:
306:Slavic languages
283:transitive verbs
273:
270:
267:
264:
258:
255:
252:
249:
211:pronominal verbs
159:
152:
145:
131:
130:
19:
18:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5227:
5189:
5151:
5123:
5051:Gender-specific
4998:
4945:
4863:
4749:Germanic strong
4657:
4583:
4496:
4490:
4450:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4426:
4421:
4410:
4406:
4390:
4389:
4377:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4342:
4341:
4329:
4315:
4314:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4274:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4249:
4243:
4236:
4201:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4114:
4108:
4104:
4095:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4074:
4072:
4061:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4040:Lawless Spanish
4032:
4028:
4024:
3992:
3953:
3948:
3927:
3917:
3898:
3876:
3866:
3858:
3844:
3825:
3818:
3807:
3779:Guugu Yimithirr
3775:
3770:
3760:
3745:
3734:
3708:
3703:
3693:
3678:
3663:
3658:
3650:Bula gunda-adhi
3648:
3633:
3622:
3602:Guugu Yimithirr
3579:
3569:
3554:
3536:
3526:
3511:
3503:
3459:Guugu Yimithirr
3455:
3453:Guugu Yimithirr
3450:
3444:
3436:
3426:
3410:
3400:
3392:
3376:
3371:Nanuq qukiqtara
3366:
3358:
3323:
3317:
3303:in the morning.
3259:
3254:
3253:
3234:
3221:
3216:
3209:
3201:and transitive
3180:
3165:
3145:Mary and Peter
3085:
3073:Mariya i Pyotr
3072:
3059:
3046:
2995:
2983:Mariya i Petăr
2982:
2970:
2959:
2886:Serbo-Croatian
2819:Maria e Pietro
2787:se sont séparés
2697:
2620:
2609:Zdes' khorosho
2608:
2573:
2561:
2513:Serbo-Croatian
2347:
2337:
2300:
2271:
2240:Serbo-Croatian
2095:
2089:
2045:
2007:
1967:Serbo-Croatian
1824:
1818:
1774:
1758:
1695:kysser hinanden
1693:Maria og Peter
1676:
1662:Mariya i Pyotr
1659:
1618:
1605:Mariya i Petăr
1602:
1560:Marija i Petar
1557:Serbo-Croatian
1541:Мaria și Petre
1484:Maria e Pietro
1401:Мary and Peter
1375:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1340:
1324:
1313:
1307:
1185:
1168:
1127:
1111:
1066:Serbo-Croatian
864:
853:
847:
844:
829:
813:
802:
400:
397:
394:
388:of the pronoun
381:
378:
375:
360:
358:to wash oneself
357:
354:
341:
339:to wash oneself
338:
335:
299:
271:
268:
265:
256:
253:
250:
177:is, loosely, a
163:
125:
117:
113:
109:
93:
89:
70:
66:
62:
43:
41:Transitive verb
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5358:
5348:
5347:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5295:
5293:Procedure word
5290:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5251:Complementizer
5248:
5247:
5246:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5047:Gender-neutral
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5012:Bound variable
5008:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4669:Ambitransitive
4665:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4425:
4424:External links
4422:
4420:
4419:
4404:
4375:
4356:
4327:
4303:
4262:
4259:on 2006-10-08.
4234:
4231:on 2013-01-05.
4209:constructions"
4190:
4181:
4156:
4127:
4124:on 2007-02-05.
4102:
4081:
4052:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3991:
3988:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3899:
3881:
3880:
3859:
3845:
3826:
3819:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3787:Paman language
3783:Kuuk Thaayorre
3774:
3773:Kuuk Thaayorre
3771:
3746:
3735:
3725:
3724:
3707:
3704:
3679:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3571:Gaari wagi-iyi
3555:
3545:
3544:
3512:
3504:
3490:
3489:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3340:
3337:ending to it.
3327:reflexive verb
3319:Main article:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3293:
3282:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3219:
3207:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3078:
3065:
3052:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3022:Maria i Piotr
3020:
3013:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2988:
2977:Мария и Петър
2975:
2964:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2849:es van separar
2845:
2843:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2792:
2781:
2769:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2741:María y Pedro
2739:
2733:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2696:
2693:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2567:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2467:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2444:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2020:
2016:
2015:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1877:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1801:
1785:
1784:
1767:
1761:Maya ve-Pe'er
1752:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1669:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1635:Maria i Piotr
1633:
1629:
1628:
1611:
1598:Мария и Петър
1596:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1522:María e Pedro
1520:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1505:es fan un petó
1501:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1446:María y Pedro
1444:
1440:
1439:
1428:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1377:
1376:
1327:
1325:
1318:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1178:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1120:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1005:
998:
991:
987:
986:
979:
972:
968:
967:
960:
953:
949:
948:
937:
919:
915:
914:
907:
900:
896:
895:
892:
889:
866:
865:
816:
814:
807:
801:
798:
797:
796:
785:
773:
770:
763:
724:
723:
712:
702:
691:
687:
686:
675:
665:
654:
651:
647:
646:
635:
625:
614:
610:
609:
598:
588:
577:
574:
570:
569:
558:
548:
537:
533:
532:
521:
511:
500:
497:
493:
492:
490:Serbo-Croatian
487:
482:
477:
468:Tu te souviens
461:Je me souviens
451:North Germanic
298:
295:
175:reflexive verb
165:
164:
162:
161:
154:
147:
139:
136:
135:
122:
121:
111:Reflexive verb
103:
102:
98:
97:
83:
82:
75:
74:
56:
55:
48:
47:
33:
32:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5357:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5208:Interrogative
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:Interrogative
5173:
5171:
5170:Demonstrative
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5119:Prepositional
5116:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5106:Strong / Weak
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5071:Interrogative
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5017:Demonstrative
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4984:Prepositional
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4974:Interrogative
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4896:Demonstrative
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:Germanic weak
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:Frequentative
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4684:Autocausative
4682:
4680:
4679:Anticausative
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4648:Transgressive
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4487:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4456:
4451:|author=
4444:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4415:
4408:
4400:
4394:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4346:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4292:on 2011-06-08
4288:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4239:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4219:(1): 63–116.
4218:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4185:
4167:
4160:
4152:
4146:
4138:
4131:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4091:
4085:
4071:on 2013-03-11
4070:
4066:
4059:
4057:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4026:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:Passive voice
3999:
3997:
3996:Deponent verb
3994:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3958:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3902:
3897:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3857:
3848:
3843:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3677:
3668:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3354:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:specific verb
3328:
3322:
3321:Inuit grammar
3309:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3281:from his job.
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3248:
3245:
3244:deponent verb
3242:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3067:Мария и Пётр
3066:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:es va penedir
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:si separarono
2818:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2765:
2764:s'est repenti
2759:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:se arrepintió
2727:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:passive voice
2676:
2675:is considered
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:Man sagt sich
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2603:Здесь хорошо
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:dummy pronoun
2352:
2346:
2342:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:öffnete sich.
2312:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2285:się otworzyły
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2087:Anticausative
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1816:Autocausative
1813:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1657:
1654:Мария и Пётр
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1373:
1370:
1362:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1328:This section
1326:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
989:
988:
984:
980:
977:
973:
970:
969:
965:
961:
958:
954:
951:
950:
944:
938:
935:
934:
926:
920:
917:
916:
912:
908:
905:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
887:
886:
883:
881:
877:
873:
862:
859:
851:
841:
837:
833:
827:
826:
822:
817:This section
815:
811:
806:
805:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:ancient Greek
774:
771:
768:
764:
761:
757:
756:
755:
751:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
719:
713:
709:
703:
698:
692:
689:
688:
682:
676:
672:
666:
661:
655:
652:
648:
642:
636:
632:
626:
621:
615:
612:
611:
605:
599:
595:
589:
584:
578:
575:
571:
565:
559:
555:
549:
544:
538:
535:
534:
528:
522:
518:
512:
507:
501:
498:
494:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
463:
462:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
392:
387:
373:
367:
352:
347:
333:
327:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
294:
292:
291:threw herself
288:
284:
280:
275:
263:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:direct object
180:
176:
172:
160:
155:
153:
148:
146:
141:
140:
138:
137:
134:
129:
124:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
77:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
57:
53:
50:
49:
46:
42:
38:
35:
34:
31:
28:
27:
24:
21:
20:
5307:Pro-sentence
5281:Onomatopoeia
5271:Interjection
5244:Measure word
5027:Distributive
4921:Postpositive
4901:Intersective
4854:Unaccusative
4823:
4799:Performative
4769:Intransitive
4729:Ditransitive
4555:Noun adjunct
4413:
4407:
4365:
4359:
4317:
4294:. Retrieved
4287:the original
4282:
4278:
4265:
4254:the original
4229:the original
4216:
4212:
4206:
4184:
4173:. Retrieved
4159:
4136:
4130:
4119:the original
4105:
4094:. Retrieved
4084:
4073:. Retrieved
4069:the original
4043:. Retrieved
4039:
4029:
3972:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3919:pul runc-e-r
3918:
3903:
3900:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3849:
3846:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3801:
3794:
3790:
3776:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3750:
3747:
3739:
3736:
3729:
3726:
3719:
3712:Pama–Nyungan
3709:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3683:
3680:
3669:
3666:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3638:
3635:
3628:
3625:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3586:
3583:waarmba-adhi
3582:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3559:
3556:
3549:
3546:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3516:
3514:waarmba-aya?
3513:
3508:
3505:
3494:
3491:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3471:(REFL+PST),
3467:
3466:
3463:Pama-Nyungan
3456:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3407:
3404:
3402:ᓇᓄᕐᒥᒃ ᖁᑭᖅᓯᔪᖓ
3401:
3398:qukiqsijunga
3381:Non-specific
3373:
3370:
3367:
3335:non-specific
3334:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3307:
3300:
3296:
3290:got addicted
3289:
3285:
3278:
3274:
3260:
3246:
3236:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3087:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3048:
3042:
3030:
3024:się rozstali
3023:
3016:
3009:
2997:
2991:
2985:se razdeliha
2984:
2979:се разделиха
2978:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2956:
2945:se pritožuje
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2878:
2868:arrepentiuse
2867:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2827:
2820:
2811:
2797:
2786:
2774:
2763:
2749:
2743:se separaron
2742:
2736:
2729:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2682:
2674:
2667:
2656:
2650:
2639:
2633:
2621:
2616:
2611:rabotayetsya
2610:
2604:
2592:
2586:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2523:
2517:
2505:
2499:
2487:
2481:
2469:
2463:
2449:
2438:
2424:
2418:
2406:
2400:
2388:
2382:
2363:
2348:
2325:
2314:
2302:
2296:
2284:
2273:
2268:
2256:
2244:
2230:
2229:
2216:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2124:
2118:
2096:
2077:
2064:
2062:
2049:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2024:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1987:
1986:
1972:
1971:
1957:
1956:
1943:
1941:
1927:
1926:
1912:
1911:
1897:
1896:
1882:
1869:
1868:
1854:
1847:
1825:
1811:
1805:
1797:
1791:mediopassive
1788:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1755:
1743:
1736:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1701:
1694:
1680:
1672:
1663:
1655:
1643:
1636:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1599:
1587:
1581:se poljubita
1580:
1568:
1561:
1549:
1542:
1530:
1523:
1511:
1504:
1492:
1485:
1473:
1466:
1454:
1447:
1433:
1424:s'embrassent
1423:
1409:
1402:
1380:
1365:
1356:
1341:Please help
1329:
1295:
1288:
1277:prausia save
1276:
1267:
1260:
1248:
1241:
1229:
1222:
1210:
1203:
1189:
1181:
1172:
1164:
1152:
1145:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1108:
1096:
1089:
1077:
1070:
1058:
1051:
1039:
1032:
1020:
1013:
1001:
994:
982:
975:
963:
956:
942:
924:
910:
903:
869:
854:
845:
830:Please help
818:
781:middle voice
758:See how the
752:
734:
730:
727:
717:
707:
696:
680:
670:
659:
640:
630:
619:
603:
593:
582:
563:
553:
542:
526:
516:
505:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
409:
344:), while in
310:
300:
290:
289:(e.g., "She
286:
276:
269:to subscribe
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
198:
194:
174:
168:
110:
72:Dative shift
30:Transitivity
5256:Conjunction
5022:Disjunctive
4959:Conjunctive
4906:Nominalized
4809:Predicative
4653:Verbal noun
4604:Attributive
4045:January 19,
3978:-ódik/-ődik
3716:Gumbaynggir
3706:Gumbaynggir
3095:Lithuanian
3088:zhaluyetsya
3049:raskayalsya
3010:się pokajał
2962:se razkaya.
2780:(informal)
2705:essentially
2670:well here.
2629:Lithuanian
2587:pracuje się
2500:se muncește
2464:es treballa
2401:trabalha-se
2396:Portuguese
2321:Lithuanian
2245:se otvorila
2203:es va obrir
2174:Portuguese
2142:est ouverte
2073:Lithuanian
1763:mitnashkim.
1732:Lithuanian
1714:küssen sich
1664:tseluyutsya
1607:se celuvat.
1600:се целуват.
1514:a en Pere.
1462:Portuguese
1359:August 2024
1256:Lithuanian
1242:tvättar sig
1213:die Katze.
1204:wäscht sich
971:Portuguese
848:August 2024
787:Similarly,
699:souviennent
669:Han lægger
650:3rd person
573:2nd person
515:Jeg lægger
496:1st person
403:to form an
379:-self, same
91:Antipassive
68:Benefactive
64:Applicative
5324:Yes and no
5239:Classifier
5223:Possessive
5185:Quantifier
5180:Possessive
5157:Determiner
5129:Adposition
5101:Resumptive
5086:Reciprocal
5081:Possessive
5061:Indefinite
4989:Pronominal
4941:Subsective
4916:Possessive
4886:Collateral
4859:Unergative
4849:Transitive
4764:Inchoative
4759:Impersonal
4699:Catenative
4638:Participle
4633:Infinitive
4565:Relational
4535:Collective
4515:Adjectival
4175:2015-05-29
4096:2015-05-29
4075:2015-05-29
4022:References
3932:agentively
3714:language,
3681:gunda-adhi
3636:gunda-adhi
3620:Reciprocal
3608:the agent
3431:Qukiqtunga
3424:Qukiqtunga
3191:išsiskirti
3121:skundžiasi
3075:rasstalis'
3069:расстались
3017:się śmieje
2957:се разкая.
2952:Bulgarian
2905:se rastali
2891:se pokajao
2856:es lamenta
2828:si lamenta
2798:se lamente
2709:unergative
2701:inherently
2689:markedness
2659:, dass...
2653:hier gut.
2634:darbuojasi
2632:Čia gerai
2624:, chto...
2622:Dumayetsya
2605:работается
2553:Bulgarian
2482:trabállase
2470:Hom/Es diu
2450:se murmure
2383:se trabaja
2353:) or is a
2339:See also:
2274:se otvori.
2269:се отвори.
2264:Bulgarian
2165:La puerta
2127:the door.
2091:See also:
1997:Bulgarian
1930:va ofendre
1820:See also:
1779:menasheket
1754:מאיה ופאר
1737:bučiuojasi
1637:się całują
1595:Bulgarian
1552:pe Petre.
1512:fa un petó
1486:si baciano
1309:See also:
1305:Reciprocal
1223:vasker sig
1104:Bulgarian
1004:il gatto.
880:transitive
706:De lægger
592:Du lægger
552:Vi lægger
351:a se spăla
279:morphology
239:idiomatic.
235:subjective
231:it is told
219:reciprocal
195:to perjure
81:decreasing
54:increasing
5314:Prop-word
5276:Ideophone
5203:Discourse
5142:Inflected
5091:Reflexive
5066:Intensive
4873:Adjective
4844:Stretched
4834:Separable
4824:Reflexive
4719:Denominal
4714:Defective
4694:Captative
4689:Auxiliary
4628:Gerundive
4618:Nonfinite
4540:Countable
4393:cite book
4385:793207750
4345:cite book
4337:793207750
4145:cite book
4139:. Moscow.
3936:undergoer
3847:nhanganul
3828:ko’o-rr-r
3661:Reflexive
3485:waarmbal,
3415:Reflexive
3368:ᓇᓄᖅ ᖁᑭᖅᑕᕋ
3364:qukiqtara
3315:Inuktitut
3292:to drugs.
3154:complains
3114:išsiskyrė
3100:atsiprašė
3062:smeyotsya
3043:раскаялся
2938:se razšla
2879:laméntase
2863:Galician
2720:Examples
2717:Language
2593:Uważa się
2575:Smyata se
2564:se raboti
2558:се работи
2546:Razume se
2524:Smatra se
2495:Romanian
2477:Galician
2419:si lavora
2373:Examples
2370:Language
2359:defective
2303:otkrylas'
2297:открылась
2257:se odprla
2255:Vrata so
2243:Vrata su
2233:a deschis
2225:Romanian
2210:Galician
2201:La porta
2189:La porta
2155:la porte.
2137:La porte
2117:The door
2106:Examples
2103:Language
1990:je užalil
1975:uvrijedio
1960:a supărat
1952:Romanian
1937:Galician
1835:Examples
1832:Language
1781:et Pe'er.
1543:se sărută
1538:Romanian
1533:a Pedro.
1519:Galician
1510:La Maria
1476:o Pedro.
1467:beijam-se
1457:a Pedro.
1390:Examples
1387:Language
1330:does not
1261:prausiasi
1146:się kąpie
1047:Romanian
1028:Galician
966:el gato.
913:the cat.
891:Examples
888:Language
819:does not
653:Singular
629:I lægger
576:Singular
545:souvenons
499:Singular
405:intensive
60:Causative
5339:Category
5303:Pro-verb
5298:Pro-form
5195:Particle
5147:Stranded
5096:Relative
5076:Personal
4994:Relative
4979:Locative
4969:Genitive
4794:Negative
4724:Deponent
4704:Compound
4443:cite web
3990:See also
3962:kinyílik
3904:collide-
3901:runc-e-r
3777:As with
3710:Another
3667:Bula-agu
3557:wagi-iyi
3390:Nanurmik
3347:Specific
3279:resigned
3237:quejarse
3199:išskirti
3133:repented
3128:English
3107:juokiasi
3082:жалуeтся
3038:Russian
3031:żali się
2998:se žalva
2992:се жалва
2973:se smee.
2968:се смее.
2931:se smeji
2919:Slovene
2898:se smije
2854:En Pere
2838:En Pere
2835:Catalan
2812:si pentì
2807:Italian
2775:se marre
2750:se queja
2725:Spanish
2695:Inherent
2677:that...
2664:English
2619:, что...
2617:Думается
2600:Russian
2595:, że...
2589:dobrze.
2577:, če...
2570:Смята се
2548:, da...
2531:Slovene
2459:Catalan
2414:Italian
2378:Spanish
2326:atsidarė
2313:Die Tür
2292:Russian
2272:Vratata
2267:Вратата
2252:Slovene
2213:A porta
2198:Catalan
2186:Italian
2179:abriu-se
2177:A porta
2167:se abrió
2162:Spanish
2153:a ouvert
2114:English
2109:Compare
2078:įsižeidė
2063:ärgerte
2034:Russian
1982:Slovene
1925:En Pere
1922:Catalan
1907:Italian
1892:Spanish
1872:est vexé
1855:offended
1843:English
1838:Compare
1756:מתנשקים.
1744:bučiuoja
1681:tseluyet
1656:целуются
1651:Russian
1646:Piotra.
1576:Slovene
1562:se ljube
1500:Catalan
1495:Pietro.
1481:Italian
1472:A Maria
1448:se besan
1443:Spanish
1434:embrasse
1398:English
1393:Compare
1289:se koupe
1251:katten.
1237:Swedish
1232:katten.
1173:moyetsya
1160:Russian
1134:kotkata.
1126:котката.
1090:se umiva
1085:Slovene
1061:pisica.
1052:se spală
1042:o gato.
1023:el gat.
1019:En Pere
1014:es renta
1012:En Pere
1009:Catalan
990:Italian
985:o gato.
981:O Pedro
974:O Pedro
952:Spanish
945:le chat.
933:se laver
899:English
894:Compare
662:souvient
622:souvenez
585:souviens
508:souviens
346:Romanian
262:abonarse
5288:Preverb
5165:Article
5111:Subject
5004:Pronoun
4839:Stative
4804:Phrasal
4779:Lexical
4734:Dynamic
4709:Copular
4609:Converb
4525:Animacy
4296:July 3,
3974:-ul/-ül
3957:kinyílt
3748:bum-iri
3517:return.
3195:skųstis
3183:separar
3119:Petras
3105:Petras
3098:Petras
3056:cмеётся
3005:Polish
2924:se kesa
2912:se žali
2826:Pietro
2810:Pietro
2796:Pierre
2773:Pierre
2762:Pierre
2757:French
2647:German
2582:Polish
2572:, че...
2566:dobre.
2520:dobro.
2518:se radi
2506:Se zice
2490:que...
2472:que...
2439:se vend
2432:French
2427:che...
2425:Si dice
2409:que...
2391:que...
2389:Se dice
2310:German
2280:Polish
2191:si aprì
2132:French
2119:opened.
2076:Petras
2058:German
2027:obraził
2019:Polish
1942:ofendeu
1910:Pietro
1900:ofendió
1885:Pierre.
1867:Pierre
1862:French
1857:Peter.
1773:את פאר.
1751:Hebrew
1746:Petrą.
1742:Marija
1727:Peter.
1709:German
1704:Peter.
1690:Danish
1679:Mariya
1632:Polish
1621:Mariya
1590:Petra.
1588:poljubi
1586:Marija
1571:Petra.
1567:Marija
1524:bícanse
1417:French
1412:Peter.
1351:removed
1336:sources
1298:kočku.
1275:Petras
1268:prausia
1266:Petras
1259:Petras
1249:tvättar
1218:Danish
1199:German
1141:Polish
1116:se mie.
1109:се мие.
1099:mačko.
1080:mačku.
1071:se kupa
1000:Pietro
995:si lava
993:Pietro
976:lava-se
957:se lava
941:Pierre
930:(Verb:
925:se lave
923:Pierre
918:French
876:patient
840:removed
825:sources
760:Russian
748:Russian
720:sjećaju
690:Plural
643:sjećate
613:Plural
566:sjećamo
536:Plural
447:numbers
443:persons
332:lavarse
321:Spanish
311:In the
302:Romance
243:Spanish
227:passive
199:oneself
187:subject
171:grammar
87:Passive
79:Valence
52:Valence
5266:Coverb
5261:Copula
5115:Object
5032:Donkey
4951:Adverb
4926:Proper
4891:Common
4774:Labile
4643:Supine
4623:Gerund
4614:Finite
4579:Verbal
4570:Strong
4560:Proper
4416:: 259.
4383:
4373:
4335:
4325:
3831:spear-
3737:bulari
3720:/-iri/
3542:'cut'
3492:Nyundu
3468:/-dhi/
3438:
3395:ᖁᑭᖅᓯᔪᖓ
3308:הסתפרה
3306:האישה
3267:binyan
3263:Hebrew
3257:Hebrew
3247:queror
3203:skųsti
3152:Peter
3147:parted
3140:laughs
3138:Peter
3131:Peter
3086:Pyotr
3060:Pyotr
3047:Pyotr
3029:Piotr
3015:Piotr
3008:Piotr
2996:Petăr
2990:Петър
2971:Petăr
2966:Петър
2960:Petăr
2955:Петър
2943:Peter
2929:Peter
2922:Peter
2910:Petar
2896:Petar
2889:Petar
2877:Pedro
2866:Pedro
2748:Pedro
2737:se ríe
2735:Pedro
2728:Pedro
2640:Sakosi
2560:добре.
2538:dobro
2526:da...
2508:că...
2502:bine.
2452:que...
2421:bene.
2407:Diz-se
2385:bien.
2324:Durys
2301:Dver'
2295:Дверь
2283:Drzwi
2125:opened
2061:Peter
2048:obidel
2046:Pyotr
2039:обидел
2022:Piotr
2013:obidi.
2008:Petăr
2005:обиди.
2000:Петър
1985:Peter
1970:Petar
1955:Petre
1940:Pedro
1915:offese
1895:Pedro
1883:a vexé
1846:Peter
1723:Maria
1702:kysser
1700:Maria
1683:Petra.
1675:Петрa.
1673:целуeт
1671:Мария
1644:całuje
1642:Maria
1625:Petăr.
1623:celuva
1617:Петър.
1615:целува
1613:Мария
1550:sărută
1548:Maria
1529:María
1491:Maria
1453:María
1436:Pierre
1432:Marie
1410:kisses
1284:Czech
1270:katę.
1247:Peter
1240:Peter
1230:vasker
1228:Peter
1221:Peter
1211:wäscht
1209:Peter
1202:Peter
1188:Pyotr
1171:Pyotr
1165:моется
1155:kota.
1151:Piotr
1144:Piotr
1130:Petăr
1122:Петър
1114:Petăr
1107:Петър
1095:Peter
1088:Peter
1076:Petar
1069:Petar
1057:Petre
1050:Petre
1038:Pedro
1033:lávase
1031:Pedro
962:Pedro
955:Pedro
911:washes
909:Peter
904:washes
902:Peter
784:Greek.
743:Slovak
606:sjećaš
529:sjećam
485:Danish
480:French
317:clitic
254:to pay
247:abonar
237:, and
181:whose
5232:Other
5213:Modal
5037:Dummy
4789:Modal
4784:Light
4662:Types
4597:Forms
4520:Agent
4435:(PDF)
4290:(PDF)
4275:(PDF)
4257:(PDF)
4250:(PDF)
4169:(PDF)
4122:(PDF)
4115:(PDF)
3810:thono
3795:/-rr/
3727:yaraŋ
3614:/-gu/
3547:Gaari
3540:wagil
3480:/-ya/
3474:/-yi/
3428:ᖁᑭᖅᑐᖓ
3421:ᖁᑭᖅᑐᖓ
3387:ᓇᓄᕐᒥᒃ
3361:ᖁᑭᖅᑕᕋ
3356:Nanuq
3297:התקלח
3295:האיש
3286:התמכר
3284:האיש
3275:התפטר
3273:האיש
3241:Latin
3080:Пётр
3054:Пётр
3041:Пётр
2498:Aici
2484:ben.
2480:Aquí
2462:Aquí
2441:bien.
2403:bem.
2399:Aqui
2381:Aquí
2215:abriu
2151:Paul
2123:Paul
2037:Пётр
1881:Paul
1853:Paul
1777:Maya
1771:מנשקת
1769:מאיה
1725:küsst
1569:ljubi
1493:bacia
1474:beija
1408:Mary
1296:koupe
1294:Petr
1287:Petr
1192:kota.
1190:moyet
1184:котa.
1180:Пётр
1163:Пётр
1153:kąpie
1097:umiva
1059:spală
1021:renta
872:agent
767:Dutch
739:Czech
683:sjeća
618:Vous
541:Nous
432:sebja
372:mismo
287:-self
205:is a
5218:Noun
4964:Flat
4819:Pure
4589:Verb
4574:Weak
4550:Mass
4530:Bare
4502:Noun
4455:help
4399:link
4381:OCLC
4371:ISBN
4351:link
4333:OCLC
4323:ISBN
4298:2007
4151:link
4047:2018
3980:and
3906:REFL
3864:dead
3861:watp
3855:REFL
3833:RECP
3813:one.
3793:and
3791:/-e/
3785:, a
3753:RECP
3751:hit-
3740:two-
3686:REFL
3684:hit-
3675:REFL
3641:REFL
3639:hit-
3626:Bula
3610:upon
3562:REFL
3560:cut-
3523:NPST
3519:REFL
3509:when
3193:and
3187:reír
2668:work
2642:...
2562:Tuk
2556:Тук
2540:dela
2488:Dise
2466:bé.
2417:Qui
2343:and
2228:Ușa
2065:sich
1531:bica
1455:besa
1403:kiss
1334:any
1332:cite
1182:моет
1078:kupa
1040:lava
1002:lava
983:lava
964:lava
943:lave
823:any
821:cite
741:and
735:sink
716:Oni
695:Ils
620:vous
543:nous
445:and
436:себя
304:and
179:verb
173:, a
4221:doi
3914:PFV
3910:NOM
3895:ERG
3891:NOM
3887:2DU
3883:pul
3851:3SG
3841:PFV
3837:PST
3821:tup
3815:NOM
3805:man
3802:pam
3757:PST
3731:DEM
3690:PST
3671:3DU
3645:PST
3630:3DU
3566:IMP
3551:NEG
3500:NOM
3496:2sg
3457:In
3353:ᓇᓄᖅ
3261:In
2703:or
2673:It
2585:Tu
2534:Tu
2516:Tu
2448:Il
2437:Ça
2050:sya
2025:się
1345:by
1132:mie
1124:мие
834:by
775:In
765:Or
708:sig
679:On
671:sig
658:Il
639:Vi
631:jer
602:Ti
594:dig
581:Tu
562:Mi
525:Ja
517:mig
504:Je
428:sja
424:się
233:),
225:),
169:In
5341::
5305:/
5117:/
5113:/
5049:/
4616:/
4572:/
4447::
4445:}}
4441:{{
4395:}}
4391:{{
4379:.
4347:}}
4343:{{
4331:.
4306:^
4281:.
4277:.
4237:^
4217:96
4215:.
4211:.
4207:SE
4193:^
4147:}}
4143:{{
4055:^
4038:.
3976:,
3781:,
3606:by
3325:A
3222:^
3210:^
3166:^
3156:.
3149:.
3142:.
3135:.
3123:.
3116:.
3109:.
3102:.
3090:.
3077:.
3064:.
3051:.
3033:.
3026:.
3019:.
3012:.
3000:.
2987:.
2947:.
2940:.
2933:.
2926:.
2914:.
2907:.
2900:.
2893:.
2881:.
2870:.
2858:.
2851:.
2842:.
2830:.
2823:.
2814:.
2752:.
2745:.
2732:.
2691:.
2636:.
2613:.
2542:.
2536:se
2328:.
2305:.
2287:.
2259:.
2247:.
2235:.
2231:s-
2220:.
2217:se
2205:.
2193:.
2181:.
2169:.
2140:s'
2080:.
2068:.
2053:.
2041:ся
2029:.
2011:se
2003:се
1992:.
1988:se
1977:.
1973:se
1962:.
1958:s-
1947:.
1944:se
1932:.
1928:es
1917:.
1913:si
1902:.
1898:se
1870:s'
1850:.
1739:.
1720:.
1716:(/
1697:.
1639:.
1583:.
1564:.
1545:.
1526:.
1507:.
1488:.
1405:.
1291:.
1279:.
1263:.
1244:.
1225:.
1206:.
1148:.
1092:.
1073:.
1054:.
1035:.
1016:.
997:.
936:)
906:.
718:se
697:se
681:se
660:se
641:se
604:se
583:te
564:se
554:os
527:se
506:me
420:si
416:se
412:sa
398:my
391:mí
326:se
274:.
259:,
4485:e
4478:t
4471:v
4457:)
4401:)
4387:.
4353:)
4339:.
4300:.
4283:9
4223::
4178:.
4153:)
4099:.
4078:.
4049:.
3984:,
3964:,
3912:.
3908:-
3893:/
3889:-
3853:.
3839:.
3835:-
3755:+
3742:S
3688:+
3673:-
3643:+
3564:+
3521:+
3498:+
3205:.
3084:.
3071:.
3058:.
3045:.
2994:.
2981:.
2800:.
2789:.
2777:.
2766:.
2607:.
2299:.
2144:.
2044:.
1874:.
1666:.
1658:.
1372:)
1366:(
1361:)
1357:(
1353:.
1339:.
1175:.
1167:.
927:.
861:)
855:(
850:)
846:(
842:.
828:.
795:.
434:/
422:/
418:/
414:/
401:'
395:'
382:'
376:'
361:'
355:'
342:'
336:'
272:'
266:'
257:'
251:'
229:(
221:(
158:e
151:t
144:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
