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of the steam engine, which checks and corrects any irregularities almost before they become evident; and in like manner no unbalanced deficiency in the animal kingdom can ever reach any conspicuous magnitude, because it would make itself felt at the very first step, by rendering existence difficult
178:
Governors can be built that do not use gravitational force, by using a single straight arm with weights on both ends, a center pivot attached to a spinning axle, and a spring that tries to force the weights towards the center of the spinning axle. The two weights on opposite ends of the pivot arm
174:
A limitation of the two-arm, two-ball governor is its reliance on gravity, and that the governor must stay upright relative to the surface of the Earth for gravity to retract the balls when the governor slows down.
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counterbalance any gravitational effects, but both weights use centrifugal force to work against the spring and attempt to rotate the pivot arm towards a perpendicular axis relative to the spinning axle.
34:
Drawing of a centrifugal "fly-ball" governor. The balls swing out as speed increases, which closes the valve, until a balance is achieved between demand and the proportional gain of the linkage and valve.
139:
The devices shown are on steam engines. Power is supplied to the governor from the engine's output shaft by a belt or chain connected to the lower belt wheel. The governor is connected to a
151:. As the speed of the prime mover increases, the central spindle of the governor rotates at a faster rate, and the kinetic energy of the balls increases. This allows the two
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307:
Another kind of centrifugal governor consists of a pair of masses on a spindle inside a cylinder, the masses or the cylinder being coated with pads, somewhat like a
335:, in which the representation of information cannot be clearly separated from the operations being applied to the representation. And, because the governor is a
111:
A simple governor does not maintain an exact speed but a speed range, since under increasing load the governor opens the throttle as the speed (RPM) decreases.
163:
of a throttle valve. The rate of working-fluid entering the cylinder is thus reduced and the speed of the prime mover is controlled, preventing over-speeding.
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89:(s), a development that proved so important he is sometimes called the inventor. Centrifugal governors' widest use was on steam engines during the
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on lever arms to move outwards and upwards against gravity. If the motion goes far enough, this motion causes the lever arms to pull down on a
691:
Granite Geek: "Manchester city flag celebrates one of the coolest inventions from the
Industrial Revolution – happily, they won’t change it"
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Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, but as the balls rotate and rise, the central
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governor and one of the final series of innovations Watt had employed for steam engines. A giant statue of Watt's governor stands at
17:
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212:(CVT), both to engage/disengage vehicle motion and to vary the transmission's pulley diameter ratio in relation to the engine
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Mechanical stops may be used to limit the range of throttle motion, as seen near the masses in the image at right.
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in the U.S. and is also used on the city flag. A 2017 effort to change the design was rejected by voters.
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Centrifugal governors, also known as "centrifugal regulators" and "fly-ball governors", were invented by
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is forced downward and closes the valve. The drive shaft whose speed is being sensed is top right
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James Watt designed his first governor in 1788 following a suggestion from his business partner
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The centrifugal governor is often used in the cognitive sciences as an example of a
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thought highly of
Wallace's analogy and discussed the topic in his 1979 book
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650:"On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type"
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A stylized centrifugal governor is also part of the coat of arms of the
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673:. Complexity (publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) Volume 10, No 2, 2004
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58:, so as to maintain a near-constant speed. It uses the principle of
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Centrifugal governors' widest use was on steam engines during the
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Spring-retracted non-gravitational governors are commonly used in
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Mechanism for automatically controlling the speed of an engine
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339:, its analysis in a dynamic system is not trivial. In 1868,
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University of
Cambridge: Steam engines and control theory
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The action of this principle is exactly like that of the
236:
and used to regulate the distance and pressure between
69:
and used to regulate the distance and pressure between
46:
with a feedback system that controls the speed of an
454:A centrifugal governor is part of the city seal of
85:where it regulates the admission of steam into the
662:
355:. Maxwell distinguishes moderators (a centrifugal
197:when the motor's rotational speed is high enough.
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351:that is widely considered a classic in feedback
159:, which moves a beam linkage, which reduces the
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296:Centrifugal governors are used in many modern
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613:Maxwell, James Clerk (1868). "On Governors".
304:, so the repeater does not run too quickly.
278:in the 19th century. They are also found on
93:in the 19th century. They are also found on
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615:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
426:and extinction almost sure soon to follow.
582:Adaptive Control Processes: A Guided Tour
522:Adaptive Control Processes: A Guided Tour
135:Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine
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1615:Glossary of steam locomotive components
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579:Bellman, Richard E. (8 December 2015).
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519:Bellman, Richard E. (8 December 2015).
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232:Centrifugal governors were invented by
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413:used governors as a metaphor for the
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210:continuously variable transmissions
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1467:National Museum of Scotland engine
463:Swedish Work Environment Authority
440:Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity
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315:. This is used in a spring-loaded
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228:Boulton & Watt engine of 1788
143:valve that regulates the flow of
1705:Inventions by Christiaan Huygens
1649:List of steam technology patents
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395:In his famous 1858 paper to the
671:"Wallace's Unfinished Business"
363:input. He considers devices by
200:They are also commonly used in
1634:Murdoch's model steam carriage
1620:History of steam road vehicles
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585:. Princeton University Press.
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359:) and governors which control
77:in the 17th century. In 1788,
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1561:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
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1284:Return connecting rod engine
568:, Cambridge University Press
508:, Cambridge University Press
170:Non-gravitational regulation
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1208:Condensing steam locomotive
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283:internal combustion engines
98:internal combustion engines
81:adapted one to control his
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1515:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
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300:to limit the speed of the
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50:by regulating the flow of
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602:– via Google Books.
564:Hills, Richard L (1996),
542:– via Google Books.
504:Hills, Richard L (1996),
456:Manchester, New Hampshire
323:dial to limit the speed.
193:to turn off the starting
1715:Mechanisms (engineering)
1710:Mechanical power control
1360:Newcomen Memorial Engine
648:Wallace, Alfred Russel.
406:On the Origin of Species
18:Regulator (steam engine)
1664:Timeline of steam power
1659:Stationary steam engine
1542:Woolf's compound engine
1449:Soho Manufactory engine
1304:Steeple compound engine
971:straight line mechanism
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1669:Water-returning engine
1643:Lean's Engine Reporter
1416:Chacewater Mine engine
1289:Six-column beam engine
627:10.1098/rspl.1867.0055
475:Cataract (beam engine)
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415:evolutionary principle
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214:revolutions per minute
147:(steam) supplying the
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42:is a specific type of
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1509:London Steam Carriage
712:Centrifugal governors
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411:Alfred Russel Wallace
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343:wrote a famous paper
289:, and in some modern
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244:in the 17th century.
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104:, and in some modern
100:and variously fueled
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1455:Bradley Works engine
1279:Reciprocating engine
1102:Babcock & Wilcox
945:Centrifugal governor
714:at Wikimedia Commons
423:centrifugal governor
385:Carl Wilhelm Siemens
319:and a spring-loaded
60:proportional control
40:centrifugal governor
1725:Scottish inventions
996:Sun and planet gear
566:Power From the Wind
485:Hit and miss engine
434:and anthropologist
341:James Clerk Maxwell
206:all-terrain vehicle
187:alternating current
1690:British inventions
1496:Richard Trevithick
1094:Water-tube boilers
908:Gresley conjugated
669:Smith, Charles H.
480:Centrifugal switch
309:centrifugal clutch
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1228:"Pickle-pot"
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1185:Oscillating
1141:Boiler feed
986:Plate chain
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878:Walschaerts
763:Atmospheric
621:: 270–283.
403:to publish
251:. It was a
149:prime mover
1684:Categories
1594:Ljungström
1580:High-speed
1473:Lap Engine
1429:Resolution
1333:Precursors
1218:Kirchweger
1180:Locomotive
1127:Three-drum
1107:Field-tube
1074:Locomotive
1056:Lancashire
976:Link chain
960:Crankshaft
927:Mechanisms
855:Valve gear
677:2007-05-11
655:2009-04-18
491:References
365:James Watt
313:drum brake
280:stationary
238:millstones
202:snowmobile
195:field coil
125:valve stem
95:stationary
79:James Watt
71:millstones
1625:Cugnot's
1568:Salamanca
1269:Hydrolock
1254:Crosshead
1200:Condenser
1036:Egg-ended
321:telephone
276:Steam Age
257:Smethwick
242:windmills
115:Operation
91:Steam Age
75:windmills
1608:See also
1534:Compound
1409:Old Bess
1249:Blowback
1172:Cylinder
1158:Injector
1117:Stirling
1112:Sentinel
1026:Haystack
940:Cataract
913:Southern
903:Caprotti
778:Compound
598:13 April
538:13 April
469:See also
287:turbines
161:aperture
141:throttle
102:turbines
87:cylinder
44:governor
1324:History
1233:Surface
1051:Cornish
1011:Boilers
893:Corliss
830:Corliss
813:D slide
783:Uniflow
773:Cornish
450:Culture
261:English
259:in the
220:History
1636:(1784)
1630:(1769)
1596:(1908)
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1274:Piston
1259:Cutoff
1132:Yarrow
1084:Launch
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840:Sleeve
835:Poppet
820:Piston
801:Valves
793:Valves
635:112510
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401:Darwin
208:(ATV)
153:masses
48:engine
1242:Other
1046:Flued
1031:Wagon
955:Crank
898:Lentz
888:Baker
883:Allan
808:Slide
631:JSTOR
357:brake
311:or a
189:(AC)
1394:Beam
935:Beam
845:Bash
825:Drop
768:Watt
600:2018
587:ISBN
540:2018
527:ISBN
430:The
383:and
270:Uses
204:and
52:fuel
1213:Jet
1041:Box
873:Joy
863:Gab
623:doi
240:in
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