580:
1343:
48:
630:. Instead of a subordinate regional diet, Hungary was granted its own parliament, and essentially attained the status of "sovereign state". The curia system, however, remained in place. At this point, the Council had extensive legislative powers in all Cisleithanian matters. Appointment and dismissal of the government of the Cisleithania and the Minister-President remained the right of the emperor. The number of deputies each diet sent to the Imperial Council was set by the Compromise. There were 203 deputies in total:
768:
207:
1277:
603:, one curia for the towns and cities, and one curia for rural communities. Each curia would elect a select number of deputies to the diets, which would in turn elect deputies to the Imperial Council. To be part of the curia of the cities and the curia of the rural communities, a man had to pay at least
786:
Universal suffrage allowed greater representation for members of the working class, and diminished the power of the German-speaking bourgeoisie. Whilst this was an advance for democracy, it resulted in the splintering of the House of
Deputies into numerous factions based on nationality and ideology,
749:
elected 85 deputies, that of the chambers of commerce 21, that of cities 118, and that of the rural communities 128. Overall, only 6% of the population of the Empire could vote in these elections. Tax requirements for entry into the curiae remained the same, but was lowered to five guilders in 1883.
759:
submitted a bill in the House of
Deputies that intended to abolish the fourth curia, and introduce universal suffrage in the third curia for those men below the five guilder threshold. This was fervently opposed, and was not passed into law. Despite this, the number of deputies was increased to 425
748:
The next great change to the
Imperial Council came in 1873. The number of deputies was increased from 203 to 353. Deputies would no longer be elected by the diets of the crown lands. Instead, they would be directly elected through the curia system for six year terms. The curia of the landowners
599:". In this system, there were 343 deputies elected by the diets of the crown lands. The diets themselves were elected by four curiae. The curiae were essentially assemblies of certain social classes. There was one curia for the landowning class, one curia for the
787:
which made it dysfunctional. Throughout its existence, the effectiveness of the
Imperial Council suffered heavily from conflicts between and within the numerous constituent nationalities of the Empire. Governments of Cisleithania had to rely on loose
464:
in 1860. An "Imperial Diet", still meant as a conciliatory body, was supposed to have 100 delegates elected by provincial diets that were to be established for each
Austrian crown land. This electoral system, however, satisfied neither the bourgeois
783:, and despite fierce opposition in the House of Lords. Universal suffrage for men was introduced, and the curia system was abolished. The number of deputies was raised to 516, and seats were allotted once again based on the crown lands.
1540:
807:
in 1914, the
Imperial Council was suspended. It remained so for the duration of the First World War, until it was finally reconvened in May 1917. It was permanently dissolved on 12 November 1918, the day after the
558:
The last meeting of the House of Lords was held on 30 October 1918. The meeting was adjourned within five minutes. The House of Lords chamber of the
Parliament Building was destroyed by bombing during the
865:
495:
482:
437:
413:, which promised the equality of all Austrian people and also provided for a bicameral "Imperial Diet". It was nevertheless only a sidestep, as Schwarzenberg three days later forcefully disbanded the
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764:. A fifth curia was added, which granted universal suffrage to all men over the age of 24. This curia elected 72 deputies, shifting the balance of power away from the nobility.
1295:
607:
in tax. This system was rejected by
Hungary, as with the October Diploma, and Hungary never sent any delegates to the Council. The February Patent was suspended in 1865.
1309:
622:. Cisleithania consisted of the Austrian part of the Empire, officially "The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council". Transleithania consisted of the
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For this reason, the
Diploma was discarded and replaced by the February Patent of 1861, which was drafted by liberal minister-president
332:
on Währinger Straße. The
Imperial Council was dissolved on 12 November 1918, following Austria-Hungary's defeat in the First World War.
1489:
1339:
1287:
553:
Life peers – citizens of Austria appointed to the House for life by the Emperor, for services to the state, the church, science, or art
341:
1899:
1317:
1904:
1747:
1580:
1575:
1565:
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1530:
735:
584:
193:
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introduced the final electoral reform in the history of the House of Deputies in 1906, after mass demonstrations by the rising
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1177:
614:, Hungary would no longer send deputies to the Imperial Council. Instead, the Empire was reorganised into two equal parts:
448:
In the 1850s, chronic fiscal malaise became acute. The dire nature of the situation was revealed to the Emperor after the
1880:
1040:
756:
611:
271:). To become law, bills had to be passed by both houses, signed by the government minister responsible, and then granted
17:
780:
449:
1041:"Gesetz vom 21. December 1867, wodurch das Grundgesetz über die Reichsvertretung vom 26. Februar 1861 abgeändert wird"
1259:
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The House of Lords was convened for the first time on 29 April 1861. It was similar in form to the present day
325:
152:
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776:
753:
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Seats of the House of Deputies of the Imperial Austro-Hungarian Council. Situation after the November 1911
313:
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258:
761:
564:
563:. It was rebuilt in a contemporary style, and serves as the chamber of the now democratically elected
522:
545:
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717:
525:
in Vienna until the Parliament Building was completed in 1883. The House of Lords was composed of:
512:
357:
241:
80:
830:
383:
129:
705:
399:
840:
729:
537:
813:
600:
477:
353:
1092:
550:
Hereditary peers – selected from certain families among the hereditary landowning nobility
8:
1699:
1444:
642:
568:
480:. This established a bicameral Imperial Council: the upper house was the House of Lords (
453:
414:
387:
1252:
The Third Reich Between Vision and Reality: New Perspectives on German History 1918-1945
1123:
Der Reichsrat, das Parlament der westlichen Reichshälfte Österreich-Ungarns (1861–1918)
909:
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276:
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1125:(in German). Vienna: Schriften des Institutes für Österreichkunde. pp. 60–109.
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361:
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nobility, who refused to accept any authority higher than the Hungarian Diet.
174:
1893:
1401:
835:
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391:
1047:(in German). Imperial Council of Austria. 21 December 1867. pp. 389–390
767:
1504:
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941:
795:), and there were as many as 29 Minister-Presidents between 1867 and 1918.
615:
541:
328:, and the House of Deputies met in a temporary wooden building designed by
272:
435:
power. In place of the Imperial Diet, he installed an "Imperial Council" (
417:
and finally had the constitution annulled with the New Year's Eve Patent (
324:. Prior to the completion of this building, the House of Lords met in the
804:
595:, elections to the House of Deputies were conducted through a system of "
457:
345:
229:
206:
723:
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356:
met in an "Imperial Diet" at Vienna. The convention was inaugurated by
665:
655:
237:
68:
791:
alliances, often with the support of the Polish representatives (
604:
379:
312:
The seat of the Imperial Council from 4 December 1883 was in the
296:
456:. To calm the domestic front and to gain the support of wealthy
1276:
596:
395:
321:
291:). In addition to the Imperial Council, the fifteen individual
284:
378:) in Moravia. It not only abolished the last remnants of
1209:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 226.
1072:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 104.
1029:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 107.
540:
archbishops and bishops of various cities, some in the
382:
in the Austrian lands, but also undertook to draw up a
279:. After having been passed, laws were published in the
760:
on 14 June 1896 through reforms by minister-president
452:
and the bloody defeat of Austrian forces at the 1859
1288:AEIOU Encyclopedia on Reichsrat (Imperial Council)
1225:
1084:
591:Upon establishment of the Imperial Council by the
493:), and the lower house was the House of Deputies (
445:), whose members were appointed on his authority.
1120:
1045:Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt für das Kaiserthum Österreich
995:. New York: Praeger Publishers. pp. 306–307.
1891:
1082:
1005:
988:
971:
386:that would reflect the Empire's character of a
52:Lesser coat of arms of Cisleithania (1915–1918)
1087:Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815-1986
1597:
1490:
1325:
405:On 4 March 1849, however, minister-president
1228:Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship
1012:. New York: Praeger Publishers. p. 309.
978:. New York: Praeger Publishers. p. 301.
419:
27:Legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861
1521:
1202:
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1910:1861 establishments in the Austrian Empire
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992:The Rise and Fall of the Habsburg Monarchy
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771:Debating chamber of the House of Deputies
1206:The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy
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1069:The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy
1026:The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy
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1091:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
736:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
14:
1892:
1305:AEIOU Encyclopedia on Abgeordnetenhaus
1165:
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965:
587:. The seats are marked by nationality.
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1232:. New York: Oxford University Press.
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521:of the United Kingdom. It met in the
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409:took the initiative and imposed the
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757:Eduard Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe
612:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
585:Cisleithanian legislative elections
24:
1293:Website of the Austrian parliament
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450:Second Italian War of Independence
169:President of the House of Deputies
25:
1921:
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1147:"Kasimir Felix, count von Badeni"
506:
1341:
1275:
712:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
649:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
335:
1900:Legislatures of Austria-Hungary
1412:Diet of Upper and Lower Silesia
1347:Legislatures of Austria–Hungary
257:), and the lower house was the
236:from 1861 until 1918. It was a
153:President of the House of Lords
1905:Defunct bicameral legislatures
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1016:
934:
858:
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536:Lords spiritual – influential
360:on 22 July 1848 and after the
326:Estates House of Lower Austria
240:body: the upper house was the
13:
1:
1392:Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria
940:From 1867 the legislature of
777:Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn
742:Imperial Free City of Trieste
344:, representatives from those
140:Provisional National Assembly
1246:
846:
390:, especially in view of the
7:
1223:
819:
628:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
293:crown lands of Cisleithania
10:
1926:
1282:Imperial Council (Austria)
1121:Ernst Bruckmüller (2001).
762:Count Kasimir Felix Badeni
510:
460:, Franz Joseph issued the
114:12 November 1918
99:26 February 1861
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1806:
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718:Princely County of Tyrol
513:House of Lords (Austria)
37:
1182:Encyclopædia Britannica
1151:Encyclopædia Britannica
914:Райхсрат, Державна рада
831:Imperial Diet (Austria)
781:Social Democratic Party
523:Palais Niederösterreich
1875:Bosnia and Herzegovina
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752:On October 10, 1893,
730:Margraviate of Istria
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538:Roman Catholic Church
431:went on to rule with
340:In the course of the
1284:at Wikimedia Commons
1203:Oscar Jászi (1929).
1066:Oscar Jászi (1929).
1023:Oscar Jászi (1929).
601:chambers of commerce
478:Anton von Schmerling
394:movement led by the
364:of October moved to
354:German Confederation
352:incorporated in the
1445:Croatian Parliament
1254:. Berg Publishers.
898:Consiglio Imperiale
775:Minister-president
643:Kingdom of Dalmatia
569:Republic of Austria
454:Battle of Solferino
427:) of 1851. Emperor
415:Kremsier Parliament
388:multinational state
342:Revolutions of 1848
314:Parliament Building
215:Parliament Building
18:Reichsrat (Austria)
1298:2016-03-03 at the
1218:General references
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754:minister-president
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1377:Diet of Carinthia
1280:Media related to
956:In-line citations
922:Carevinsko vijeće
700:Duchy of Bukovina
694:Duchy of Carniola
676:Duchy of Salzburg
575:House of Deputies
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400:František Palacký
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281:Reichsgesetzblatt
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1422:Diet of Tyrol
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1297:
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1274:
1273:
1263:
1261:1-85973-627-0
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:Mommsen, Hans
1245:
1241:
1239:0-19-512537-1
1235:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1221:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1134:
1132:3-209-03811-2
1128:
1124:
1117:
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1098:
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895:
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887:
883:
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839:
837:
836:Moravian Diet
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
817:
815:
811:
806:
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790:
784:
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778:
769:
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763:
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727:
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683:
679:
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670:Upper Austria
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660:Lower Austria
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358:Archduke John
355:
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336:Establishment
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189:Last election
186:
181:
176:
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130:Imperial Diet
128:
124:
113:
109:
98:
94:
89:
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79:
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70:
65:
61:
56:
49:
44:
31:
19:
1523:Cisleithania
1522:
1358:
1354:Cisleithania
1251:
1227:
1205:
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1181:
1155:. Retrieved
1150:
1141:
1122:
1086:
1078:
1068:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1044:
1035:
1025:
1018:
1008:
1001:
991:
984:
974:
942:Cisleithania
936:
906:Državni zbor
890:Rada Państwa
860:
809:
802:
792:
788:
785:
774:
751:
747:
716:10 from the
704:22 from the
680:13 from the
664:10 from the
654:18 from the
647:38 from the
635:54 from the
616:Cisleithania
609:
605:ten guilders
590:
557:
542:Latin Church
516:
475:
447:
429:Franz Joseph
418:
404:
392:Austroslavic
384:constitution
339:
311:
280:
273:royal assent
225:
223:
1456:Condominium
882:Říšská rada
805:July Crisis
799:Dissolution
734:2 from the
728:2 from the
710:6 from the
698:5 from the
692:6 from the
686:5 from the
674:3 from the
641:5 from the
458:Bourgeoisie
398:politician
346:crown lands
230:legislature
175:Gustav Groß
1894:Categories
1102:0521316251
724:Vorarlberg
491:Herrenhaus
318:Ringstraße
255:Herrenhaus
160:Alfred III
146:Leadership
118:1918-11-12
103:1861-02-26
1571:1900–1901
1541:1871–1872
1454:Imperial
1178:"Austria"
910:Ukrainian
874:Reichsrat
866:‹See Tfd›
847:Footnotes
803:From the
793:Polenklub
666:Archduchy
656:Archduchy
610:With the
496:‹See Tfd›
483:‹See Tfd›
471:Hungarian
443:Reichsrat
438:‹See Tfd›
371:‹See Tfd›
302:‹See Tfd›
264:‹See Tfd›
247:‹See Tfd›
238:bicameral
183:Elections
111:Disbanded
69:Bicameral
39:Reichsrat
1808:Dalmatia
1296:Archived
1250:(2003).
926:Romanian
820:See also
810:de facto
499:German:
469:nor the
467:liberals
441:German:
433:absolute
376:Kremsier
374:German:
366:Kroměříž
307:Landtage
305:German:
267:German:
228:was the
177:(last)
162:(last)
1509:and in
1188:31 July
1157:31 July
1051:31 July
944:within
918:Bosnian
902:Slovene
894:Italian
814:Charles
740:2 from
722:2 from
567:of the
380:serfdom
348:of the
289:Gazette
277:Emperor
275:by the
232:of the
116: (
101: (
96:Founded
91:History
1258:
1236:
1184:. 2014
1153:. 2014
1129:
1099:
886:Polish
870:German
789:ad hoc
597:curiae
487:German
322:Vienna
283:(lit.
251:German
218:Vienna
77:Houses
878:Czech
852:Notes
396:Czech
297:diets
285:Reich
1881:1910
1861:1908
1856:1901
1851:1895
1846:1889
1841:1883
1836:1876
1831:1870
1826:1867
1821:1864
1816:1861
1798:1913
1793:1911
1788:1910
1783:1908
1778:1906
1773:1901
1768:1897
1763:1892
1758:1887
1753:1884
1748:1883
1743:1881
1738:1878
1733:1872
1728:1871
1723:1867
1718:1865
1713:1861
1708:1848
1682:1910
1677:1906
1672:1905
1667:1901
1662:1896
1657:1892
1652:1887
1647:1884
1642:1881
1637:1878
1632:1875
1627:1872
1622:1869
1617:1865
1612:1861
1607:1848
1581:1911
1576:1907
1566:1897
1561:1891
1556:1885
1551:1879
1546:1873
1536:1867
1531:1848
1256:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1190:2014
1159:2014
1127:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1053:2014
658:of
618:and
287:Law
224:The
194:1911
63:Type
58:Type
668:of
503:).
320:in
316:on
309:).
1896::
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