1240:. On 19 August 1239, the relics arrived in Paris. Wearing a simple tunic and with bare feet, the King placed the Crown of Thorns and other relics in the palace chapel in a structure he commissioned. During the French revolution, the relics were stored in the National Library. After the Concordat in 1801, the relics were given to the archbishop of Paris who placed them in the Cathedral treasury on 10 August 1806. Since then, these relics have been conserved by the canons of the Metropolitan Basilica Chapter, who are in charge of venerations, and guarded by the Knights of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. Napoleon I and Napoleon III each offered reliquaries for the crown of thorns. They were on display at Notre-Dame Cathedral during scheduled religious ceremonies, until a serious fire struck the cathedral on 15 April 2019.
592:
1183:
994:
970:
750:
3410:
785:
982:
1249:
462:
43:
474:
833:
1015:
1444:; tears shed by Christ when mourning Lazarus; the blood of Christ shed during the crucifixion; a milk tooth that fell out of the mouth of Jesus at the age of 9; beard hair, head hair, Christ's nails. A section of the Holy Umbilical Cord believed to remain from the birth of Christ is currently in the
1289:
Very little reliance can be placed upon the authenticity of the thirty or more holy nails which are still venerated, or which have been venerated until recent times, in such treasuries as that of Santa Croce in Rome, or those of Venice, Aachen, Escurial, Nuremberg, Prague, etc. Probably the majority
1225:
The accounts of pilgrims to
Jerusalem report the Crown of Thorns. In 409, Paulinus of Nola states the Crown was kept in the basilica on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. In 570, Anthony the Martyr reports the Crown of Thorns in the Basilica of Zion. Around 575, Cassiodorus wrote, "Jerusalem has the Column,
1221:
tells that, in the night between Maundy
Thursday and Good Friday, Roman soldiers mocked Jesus by placing a thorny crown on his head (John 19:12). The crown is a circle of cane bundled together and held by gold threads. The thorns were attached to this braided circle, which measured 21 cm
3490:
823:
The
Sudarium is soiled and crumpled, with dark flecks that are symmetrically arranged but do not form an image as with the Shroud of Turin. Proponents for the relic's authenticity, such as Vatican archivist Msgr Giulio Ricci, contend that both cloths covered the same man.
719:; icons not made by hand) images reported to be of the face or body of Jesus impressed on cloth have been displayed. In many cases these images are subject to intense debate and speculation. Although devotions to the face of Jesus are practiced, the term "
670:
in Rome. Other small pieces of the True Cross are reportedly preserved in hundreds of other
European churches. The authenticity of the relics and the accuracy of reports of finding the True Cross is not accepted by all Christians. The belief in the
888:
in Rome since the 14th century is purported to be the Veil of
Veronica revered in the Middle Ages. The most detailed recorded inspection in the 20th century occurred in 1907 when Jesuit art historian Joseph Wilpert inspected the image.
876:, used to wipe the sweat from Jesus' brow as he carried the cross, is claimed to bear the likeness of the face of Christ. Today, several relics are claimed to be the Veil of Veronica, with several age-old copies also being venerated.
1681:
Damon, P. E.; Donahue, D. J.; Gore, B. H.; Hatheway, A. L.; Jull, A. J. T.; Linick, T. W.; Sercel, P. J.; Toolin, L. J.; Bronk, C. R.; Hall, E. T.; Hedges, R. E. M.; Housley, R.; Law, I. A.; Perry, C.; Bonani, G.;
1226:
here, there is the Crown of Thorns!" Between the 7th and the 10th centuries, the Crown of Thorns was moved to the
Byzantine emperors' chapel in Constantinople for safekeeping. In 1238, the Latin Emperor
611:. Today, many fragments of wood are claimed as True Cross relics, but it is hard to establish their authenticity. The story of the fourth-century discovery of the True Cross was reported in
2166:
1371:
in
Jerusalem. Inside the church the crucifixion site consists of a pile of rock about 7 metres (23 ft) long by 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide by 4.8 metres (16 ft).
1160:) is recognized as a "historical relic" by the Vatican, although not as the actual chalice used at the Last Supper. Though not claiming the relic's authenticity, both
679:. The medieval legends of the True Cross provenance differ between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox tradition. These churches honour Helena as a saint, as does also the
993:
2236:
1901:
1906:
1039:
3479:
1975:(in Croatian), Zavod za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Zagreb - Institute of Croatian history, Faculty of Philosophy Zagreb, p. 78
2995:
69:
2541:
2150:
575:, there are few bodily relics apart from those described as being removed or expelled from Christ's body prior to his ascension, such as the
1567:"NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
1529:
1654:"The Shroud of Turin is the single, most studied artifact in human history" statement considered as "widely accepted" in Lloyd A Currie,
529:
wrote about the proliferation of relics, and the number of buildings that could be constructed from wooden relics claimed to be from the
2990:
2985:
1462:
251:
244:
89:
17:
2591:
1117:. According to French traveler Jules-Léonard Belin the knife used by Jesus to slice bread was permanently exhibited in the Logetta of
3624:
3537:
3446:
3095:
1659:
1432:
are those obtained prior to the
Ascension. At various points in history, a number of churches in Europe have claimed to possess the
1875:
1222:(8.3 in) in diameter. The seventy thorns were reportedly divided up between the Byzantine emperors and the Kings of France.
625:
2666:
206:
3224:
2252:
Les reliques et les images légendaires. — Paris: Mercure de France, 1912. — / Les reliques corporelles du Christ / P. 107—184.
1290:
began by professing to be facsimiles which had touched or contained filings from some other nail whose claim was more ancient.
3692:
3395:
3043:
2480:
2460:
2436:
2405:
2380:
2353:
2323:
2296:
1997:
317:
3023:
2767:
1047:
1046:(642-649). In 2019, a fragment of the crib was removed from the Holy Crib reliquary and placed on permanent display at the
312:
2092:
636:. But Eusebius did not mention the True Cross, although he dwelt on the piety of Helena and her reporting the site of the
1217:
include a piece of the True Cross from Rome as delivered by Helena, along with a Holy Nail and the Crown of Thorns. The
1089:
591:
521:
have been displayed throughout the history of
Christianity. While some individuals believe in the authenticity of Jesus
3348:
2583:
Proceedings of the
International Workshop on the Scientific approach to the Acheiropoietos Images, ENEA Frascati, Italy
1946:
1467:
801:
2610:
2121:
1744:
1602:
1553:
221:
3532:
1445:
1236:, the king of France redeemed the Crown from the Venetian Bank. On 10 August 1239, the king deposited 29 relics in
537:
were venerated as relics across Europe in the early 20th century. Part of the relics are included in the so-called
3182:
3123:
1035:
504:
357:
969:
3469:
3195:
3018:
2859:
947:
796:
is a bloodstained cloth, measuring 84 cm × 53 cm (33 in × 21 in), curated in the
324:
300:
3439:
3284:
2901:
2762:
2448:
The Shroud of Turin: the most up-to-date analysis of all the facts regarding the Church's controversial relic
1237:
3390:
2691:
2428:
1368:
1227:
261:
844:
is also known as the Mandylion. Two images are claimed to be the Mandylion: the Holy Face of Genoa at the
2639:
1862:
J. Jaworski, G. Fanti 3-D PROCESSING TO EVIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS REPRESENTED IN MANOPPELLO VEIL (article)
1182:
845:
216:
3135:
3038:
2968:
2729:
2659:
2251:
1412:
1401:
1310:
667:
411:
156:
2237:
Dictionnaire critique des reliques et des images miraculeuses, T. 2. 1827. / Jésus-Christ / P. 43-80.
1687:
1566:
896:
in Vienna has a copy of the Veil of Veronica, identified by the 1617 AD signature of the secretary of
3558:
3504:
3167:
3070:
1194:
885:
676:
596:
171:
3432:
3217:
3090:
2891:
2829:
2556:
2232:
2147:
1352:; John 19:23), for which the soldiers cast lots at the Crucifixion, is claimed by the cathedral of
1303:
384:
2063:
2013:
3145:
2784:
2263:
853:
797:
3385:
3312:
2978:
2747:
1938:
1408:
1390:
1375:
1206:
1118:
1114:
1057:
928:
in Spain has a copy of the Veronica which probably dates from 14th century Siena, known as the
672:
339:
270:
166:
2575:
1987:
1930:
1686:; Woelfli, W.; Ambers, J. C.; Bowman, S. G. E.; Leese, M. N.; Tite, M. S. (16 February 1989).
1275:
in the 4th century. The authenticity of many of these relics is questioned. For instance, the
981:
3671:
3509:
3267:
3200:
3105:
3085:
3080:
2920:
2834:
2724:
2652:
2167:"Notre Dame fire: Paris Fire Brigade chaplain braved the blaze to rescue cathedral treasures"
2048:
2028:
1851:
The Face of God: The Rediscovery of the True Face of Jesus, Igantius Press, Paul Badde, 2010.
1592:
1510:
1441:
1379:
1333:
1281:
1268:
1157:
958:. Characteristics evidenced during 3D processing of the Manoppello Image have been reported.
641:
436:
431:
369:
231:
146:
131:
94:
52:
3234:
3229:
3005:
2896:
2757:
2512:
1702:
1584:
1027:
629:
608:
530:
391:
307:
283:
136:
3140:
1618:
8:
3603:
3205:
2876:
2795:
2791:
2701:
2424:
1656:
1588:
1210:
1198:
612:
497:
466:
374:
290:
114:
2516:
2345:
Images and relics: theological perceptions and visual images in sixteenth-century Europe
1756:
1706:
3664:
3644:
3542:
3380:
3375:
3262:
3241:
3062:
3052:
2925:
2869:
2849:
2452:
2209:
2136:
1718:
1425:
1233:
1190:
793:
769:
720:
680:
580:
572:
441:
424:
396:
334:
329:
265:
151:
3343:
3290:
3162:
3028:
2948:
2839:
2824:
2819:
2779:
2734:
2719:
2616:
2606:
2476:
2456:
2432:
2401:
2376:
2349:
2339:
2319:
2292:
2117:
1993:
1942:
1740:
1598:
1549:
1525:
1504:
1326:
1257:
1165:
1161:
1140:
1080:
1066:
951:
617:
561:
557:
401:
256:
161:
126:
121:
109:
99:
1722:
925:
3608:
3598:
3563:
3033:
3013:
2854:
2844:
2812:
2807:
2772:
2752:
2686:
2520:
2418:
1710:
1272:
1264:
1022:
Wooden pieces claimed to be remnants of the manger of the baby Jesus reside in the
873:
749:
406:
295:
104:
2042:
1109:
was also a matter of veneration in the Middle Ages, according to the 12th-century
3659:
3629:
3514:
3455:
3358:
3321:
2908:
2886:
2741:
2470:
2446:
2370:
2343:
2313:
2286:
2154:
1663:
1457:
1177:
1043:
1031:
954:, where it had been since 1660. This Veil is discussed in Paul Badde's 2010 book
913:
861:
841:
762:
754:
744:
732:
553:
549:
201:
141:
2497:
2247:
2068:
Official website of the Valencia cathedral - The Holy Chalice of the Lord Supper
916:
from relatives of the Byzantine Emperor in 1453 and placed in Alicante in 1489.
3639:
3593:
3578:
3413:
3353:
3212:
3113:
2973:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2098:
1683:
1345:
1299:
1218:
893:
857:
817:
637:
525:, others doubt their validity. For instance, the sixteenth-century philosopher
490:
379:
189:
84:
59:
33:
2525:
1902:"A Roman Christmas Ritual: Micro-Architecture and the Theatre of the Presepio"
1034:
wood, which tradition holds to have been brought from the Holy Land either by
999:
Superposition of the Veil of Manoppello on the negative of the Shroud of Turin
3686:
3654:
3588:
3573:
3172:
3157:
2935:
2913:
2881:
2706:
2592:"Sacred Relics and Imperial Ceremonies at the Great Palace of Constantinople"
698:
211:
196:
176:
74:
2620:
2576:"The Sudarium of Oviedo and the Shroud of Turin. A question of authenticity"
1150:, though not part of Catholic tradition. Of the existing chalices, only the
3295:
3273:
3246:
3118:
3075:
2714:
1433:
1360:, France. The Argenteuil church claims that their Holy Coat was brought by
1302:'s praetorium, ascended by Jesus during his trial, were brought to Rome by
1295:
1136:
1130:
813:
621:
published in 1260, that included the lore of saints venerated at the time.
576:
565:
540:
478:
1860:
3583:
3568:
3474:
3279:
3130:
2864:
2414:
1397:
1361:
1106:
1085:
1061:
897:
773:
757:
face, positive left, negative on the right, having been contrast enhanced
364:
64:
632:
was the only contemporary author to write about Helena's journey in his
3634:
3300:
2800:
1429:
1386:
1357:
1276:
1147:
812:
for "sweat cloth") is purportedly the cloth wrapped around the head of
784:
656:
604:
1657:
The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating [II]
942:
In 1999, Father Heinnrich Pfeiffer announced at a press conference in
552:, receive only a modest number of pilgrims, while others, such as the
3365:
2171:
1714:
1341:
1253:
1075:
1051:
696:
687:
675:
regarding the True Cross is generally restricted to the Catholic and
649:
628:
who went to Palestine during the fourth century in search of relics.
534:
832:
1437:
1407:
The Column of the Flagellation, which Jesus was tied to during the
1248:
909:
900:, during whose reign a series of six copies of the veil were made.
728:
724:
664:
3424:
2542:"Discrepancies in the radiocarbon dating area of the Turin shroud"
1970:
624:
Tradition and legend attribute the discovery of the True Cross to
3306:
3190:
1503:
1318:
1071:
645:
526:
461:
446:
2015:
Le Simplon et l'Italie septentrionale: promenades et pèlerinages
1931:"Holy Manger (first venerated in the fourth or seventh century)"
3489:
3370:
3326:
2943:
2539:
1314:
805:
765:
is the best-known and most intensively studied relic of Jesus.
79:
2041:
1146:
Several Holy Chalice relics are reported in the legend of the
1139:
is the container Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve wine (
1014:
2675:
2634:
1876:"Relic thought to be from Jesus' manger arrives in Bethlehem"
1353:
1322:
1285:
notes are problematic based on the number of claimed relics:
1214:
1186:
852:
and the Holy Face of San Silvestro, curated in the Church of
849:
809:
522:
226:
42:
2573:
1972:
Javni rituali u politickom diskursu humanistickog Dubrovnika
1263:
Many relics currently displayed result from the journey of
943:
660:
2495:
2116:. Vol. 1. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 955.
2112:
Davisson, Darrell D (2004). Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.).
1168:
have venerated this chalice at the Cathedral of Valencia.
545:("Weapons of Christ"), or the Instruments of the Passion.
2596:
856:
in Rome until 1870, and now in the Matilda Chapel of the
2644:
1680:
1910:. 16 (Fall 2009). The Institute for Sacred Architecture
2540:
Benford, M. Sue; Joseph G. Marino (July–August 2008).
2214:
2191:
1428:. Therefore, the only parts of his body available for
1321:, claims a specimen of Christ's blood on a cloth in a
2372:
The Holy Grail: the legend, the history, the evidence
2179:
1796:
1030:
in Rome. The relic consists of five narrow pieces of
723:" relates to the specific devotions approved by Pope
2640:
Possibly the Biggest Radiocarbon Dating Mistake Ever
1344:: The possession of the seamless garment of Christ (
1832:
1583:
1201:until April 2019, when it was moved to the Louvre.
1674:
1597:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 22.
1524:
1230:pawned the relics for credit to a Venetian bank.
3684:
2589:
1367:The crucifixion site called Golgotha, is in the
3480:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
2635:The Shroud of Turin Story: A Guide to the Facts
1968:
1393:to pierce Jesus' side when he was on the cross.
908:The image at the Monastery of the Holy Face in
2996:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
2264:"Where to See Religious Relics in Rome, Italy"
1531:Pope John Paul II's address in Turin Cathedral
3440:
2660:
2574:Fernández Sánchez, José Luis (4–6 May 2010).
2148:Notre Dame de Paris - Veneration of the Crown
1151:
929:
498:
2338:
1486:
1382:are reported to be made from the Holy Nails.
1124:
571:As Christian teaching generally states that
1989:Medieval Piety from Relics to the Eucharist
1935:Saints Preserved: An Encyclopedia of Relics
1688:"Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin"
1306:in the 4th century according to tradition.
1189:of the crown of thorns, received by French
934:and acquired by Bishop Nicholas de Biedma.
704:
538:
3447:
3433:
2991:New Testament places associated with Jesus
2986:Historical background of the New Testament
2667:
2653:
1928:
1463:List of artifacts significant to the Bible
846:Church of St. Bartholomew of The Armenians
573:Christ was assumed into heaven corporeally
556:, receive millions of pilgrims, including
505:
491:
41:
3625:Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin
2524:
1611:
1279:brought back by Helena, some believe the
1009:
663:inscription tablet, are preserved at the
652:report on the finding of the True Cross.
607:" refers to the actual cross used in the
3533:Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP)
3318:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)
2111:
2097:, Zenit News, 2006-07-07, archived from
2039:
2018:(in French), Belin-Leprieur, p. 218
1501:
1247:
1181:
1013:
831:
783:
772:determined that the shroud was from the
748:
590:
2413:
2395:
2368:
2220:
2197:
2185:
2079:
1870:
1868:
1802:
1779:
1426:Christ ascended into heaven corporeally
1389:is the spear used by the Roman soldier
1356:, Germany, and by the parish church of
626:Helena, mother of Constantine the Great
14:
3685:
2605:. BYZAS. Vol. 5. pp. 79–99.
2468:
2444:
2398:Jesus in History, Thought, and Culture
1826:
1814:
1791:
1767:
3428:
2648:
2511:(3). University of Arizona: 685–689.
2496:Bella, Francesco; Carlo Azzi (2002).
2011:
1985:
1899:
779:
548:Some relics, such as remnants of the
2498:"14C Dating of the 'Titulis Crucis'"
2311:
2284:
2233:Jacques Albin Simon Collin de Plancy
2052:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1865:
1642:
1514:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1497:
1495:
1100:
860:. That the Mandylion is in fact the
313:Sources for the historicity of Jesus
3454:
2285:Cruz, Joan Carroll (October 1984),
1992:, Leiden: E.J. Brill, p. 248,
1922:
1669:J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
1332:Other claimed relics, based on the
1105:The knife used by Jesus during the
867:
776:, between the years 1260 and 1390.
640:. In the fifth century writings by
24:
3309:(traditional maternal grandfather)
3303:(traditional maternal grandmother)
2489:
2278:
1893:
1882:. The Associated Press. 2019-11-30
1468:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
1171:
1095:
946:that he had found the Veil in the
827:
738:
25:
3704:
2628:
2318:, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing,
2291:, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing,
2064:"The History of the Holy Chalice"
1492:
586:
3538:Radiocarbon dating of the shroud
3488:
3409:
3408:
2046:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1969:Janekovic-Romer, Zdenka (1996),
1508:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1446:Archbasilica of St. John Lateran
1419:
1078:'s cathedral claims to have the
992:
980:
968:
686:
673:Early Christian Church tradition
595:Discovery of the True Cross, by
472:
460:
172:Apparitions and visions of Jesus
3315:(paternal grandfather per Luke)
2603:Visualisierungen von Herrschaft
2400:, Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio Inc,
2312:Cruz, Joan Carroll (May 2003),
2256:
2241:
2226:
2203:
2159:
2141:
2130:
2114:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia
2105:
2085:
2073:
2056:
2033:
2022:
2005:
1979:
1962:
1854:
1845:
1820:
1808:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1750:
1729:
1424:Christian teaching states that
1004:
731:in 1958 for the image from the
252:Background to the New Testament
3470:History of the Shroud of Turin
3019:Quest for the historical Jesus
2396:Houlden, James Leslie (2003),
2348:, Oxford University Press US,
2012:Belin, Julien-Léonard (1843),
1929:Craughwell, Thomas J. (2011).
1648:
1636:
1619:"Saint Helena Queen and Widow"
1577:
1559:
1538:
1518:
1480:
1400:, is reported to be in church
1243:
301:Quest for the historical Jesus
13:
1:
2369:Griffin, Justin (July 2001),
1064:claims to have relics of the
1026:reliquary at the Basilica of
937:
533:. Similarly, at least thirty
3693:Relics associated with Jesus
3650:Relics associated with Jesus
3396:Sexuality and marital status
2429:University Press of Kentucky
1594:The quest for the true cross
1473:
1369:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
1228:Baldwin II of Constantinople
975:The Vatican Veil of Veronica
950:monastery in the village of
816:after he died, noted in the
697:
688:
519:relics associated with Jesus
7:
2315:Saintly Men of Modern Times
2094:Pope to Venerate Holy Grail
1737:Lost Treasures of the Bible
1548:Continuum Publishing, 1993
1451:
903:
10:
3709:
2969:Five Discourses of Matthew
2040:Thurston, Herbert (1913).
1986:Snoek, Godefridus (1995),
1735:Michael McDonnell (2007).
1502:Thurston, Herbert (1913).
1413:Basilica of Saint Praxedes
1402:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
1311:Basilica of the Holy Blood
1175:
1128:
1090:presentation at the Temple
1018:Reliquary of the Holy Crib
961:
864:is the subject of debate.
742:
668:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
531:crucifixion cross of Jesus
318:Reliability of the Gospels
18:Relics attributed to Jesus
3617:
3551:
3525:
3505:Chapel of the Holy Shroud
3497:
3486:
3475:Secondo Pia, photographer
3462:
3404:
3336:
3255:
3181:
3104:
3061:
3004:
2934:
2700:
2682:
2674:
2590:Klein, Holger A. (2006).
2526:10.1017/S0033822200032136
2472:Holy Faces, Secret Places
1840:Holy Faces, Secret Places
1125:Holy Chalice (Holy Grail)
1048:Church of Saint Catherine
802:Cathedral of San Salvador
677:Eastern Orthodox Churches
3196:In comparative mythology
2601:. In F. A. Bauer (ed.).
2445:Ruffin, Bernard (1999),
1900:Longhurst, Christopher.
1329:after the 12th century.
1304:Helena of Constantinople
919:
912:, Spain was acquired by
659:, including half of the
655:Pieces of the purported
257:Language spoken by Jesus
3349:Interactions with women
1411:, is reportedly in the
1238:Villeneuve-l'Archevêque
1153:Santo Cáliz de Valencia
879:
854:San Silvestro in Capite
808:, Spain. The Sudarium (
788:The Sudarium of Oviedo.
467:Christianity portal
3359:Mary, sister of Martha
2979:Oral gospel traditions
1939:Crown Publishing Group
1409:Flagellation of Christ
1376:Iron Crown of Lombardy
1349:
1292:
1260:
1202:
1197:. It was preserved at
1152:
1115:Santiago de Compostela
1019:
1010:Nativity and childhood
930:
886:Saint Peter's Basilica
837:
836:The Holy Face of Genoa
789:
758:
600:
577:Holy Foreskin of Jesus
539:
271:Mental health of Jesus
3672:Resurrection of Jesus
3510:Royal Palace of Turin
3086:Life of Christ Museum
3081:Life of Christ in art
2475:, London: Doubleday,
2049:Catholic Encyclopedia
1511:Catholic Encyclopedia
1380:Bridle of Constantine
1334:Crucifixion of Christ
1287:
1282:Catholic Encyclopedia
1269:Constantine the Great
1251:
1185:
1158:Cathedral of Valencia
1156:(Holy Chalice of the
1042:), or in the time of
1017:
835:
787:
752:
642:Socrates Scholasticus
594:
437:Life of Christ Museum
358:Perspectives on Jesus
53:Jesus in Christianity
2902:Sayings on the cross
2860:Entry into Jerusalem
2469:Wilson, Ian (1991),
2420:Relics of the Christ
1941:. pp. 123–124.
1623:anglicancatholic.org
1350:tunica inconsultilis
1211:Notre-Dame Cathedral
1058:St. Paul's Monastery
1028:Santa Maria Maggiore
987:The Manoppello Image
630:Eusebius of Caesarea
609:Crucifixion of Jesus
579:or the blood of the
517:A number of alleged
3391:Race and appearance
3329:(traditional uncle)
3235:Jesus the Splendour
2877:Agony in the Garden
2792:Sermon on the Mount
2555:(4). Archived from
2517:2002Radcb..44..685B
1907:Sacred Architecture
1707:1989Natur.337..611D
1585:Thiede, Carsten Pet
1199:Notre-Dame de Paris
1119:St Mark's Campanile
634:Life of Constantine
613:Jacobus de Voragine
115:Sermon on the Mount
3665:Sudarium of Oviedo
3645:Holy Face of Jesus
3543:VP8 Image Analyzer
3376:Rejection of Jesus
3053:Christ myth theory
2870:Farewell Discourse
2453:Our Sunday Visitor
2340:Dillenberger, John
2153:2010-10-28 at the
1671:109, 2004, p. 200.
1662:2010-12-06 at the
1505:"Holy Nails"
1298:, the stairs from
1261:
1203:
1195:emperor Baldwin II
1111:Guide for Pilgrims
1020:
838:
794:Sudarium of Oviedo
790:
780:Sudarium of Oviedo
770:radiocarbon dating
759:
721:Holy Face of Jesus
681:Anglican Communion
601:
3680:
3679:
3422:
3421:
3344:Language of Jesus
3291:Brothers of Jesus
3163:Session of Christ
3039:Mara bar Serapion
2840:Great Commandment
2735:Flight into Egypt
2482:978-0-385-26105-0
2462:978-0-87973-617-0
2438:978-0-8131-2425-4
2407:978-1-57607-856-3
2382:978-0-7864-0999-0
2355:978-0-19-512172-8
2325:978-1-931709-77-4
2298:978-0-87973-701-6
1999:978-90-04-10263-7
1701:(6208): 611–615.
1589:d'Ancona, Matthew
1526:Pope John Paul II
1487:Dillenberger 1999
1327:Thierry of Alsace
1258:Bamberg Cathedral
1166:Pope Benedict XVI
1162:Pope John Paul II
1101:Last Supper knife
1081:swaddling clothes
1067:Gifts of the Magi
1040:326-28 pilgrimage
952:Manoppello, Italy
884:An image kept in
727:in 1895 and Pope
714:made without hand
618:The Golden Legend
562:Pope Benedict XVI
558:Pope John Paul II
515:
514:
330:Jesus myth theory
16:(Redirected from
3700:
3609:Frederick Zugibe
3599:Phillip H. Wiebe
3564:Ulysse Chevalier
3492:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3412:
3411:
3287:(alleged father)
3141:Person of Christ
3014:Historical Jesus
2845:Olivet Discourse
2773:Great Commission
2669:
2662:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2624:
2600:
2586:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2546:
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2195:
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2176:
2163:
2157:
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2139:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2031:
2029:Matthew 26:27–28
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1926:
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1726:
1715:10.1038/337611a0
1692:
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1633:
1631:
1629:
1615:
1609:
1608:
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1574:
1563:
1557:
1544:Margaret Aston,
1542:
1536:
1535:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1490:
1484:
1273:Syria Palaestina
1267:, the mother of
1155:
1088:wore during the
996:
984:
972:
933:
874:Veil of Veronica
868:Veil of Veronica
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
702:
691:
544:
507:
500:
493:
479:Islam portal
477:
476:
475:
465:
464:
425:Jesus in culture
296:Historical Jesus
284:Jesus in history
207:Names and titles
162:Heavenly Session
70:Names and titles
45:
29:
28:
21:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3630:Image of Edessa
3613:
3547:
3521:
3515:Turin Cathedral
3493:
3484:
3458:
3456:Shroud of Turin
3453:
3423:
3418:
3400:
3332:
3251:
3183:In other faiths
3177:
3100:
3096:Transfiguration
3057:
3000:
2930:
2830:Transfiguration
2704:
2696:
2678:
2673:
2631:
2613:
2594:
2578:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2549:Chemistry Today
2544:
2531:
2529:
2500:
2492:
2490:Further reading
2483:
2463:
2439:
2408:
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2385:
2383:
2360:
2358:
2356:
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2328:
2326:
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2299:
2281:
2279:General sources
2276:
2275:
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2257:
2246:
2242:
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2227:
2219:
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2208:
2204:
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2180:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2155:Wayback Machine
2146:
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2124:
2110:
2106:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2043:"Chalice"
2038:
2034:
2027:
2023:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1984:
1980:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1927:
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1911:
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1846:
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1797:
1790:
1786:
1782:, vol. 2, p. 66
1778:
1774:
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1751:
1734:
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1679:
1675:
1664:Wayback Machine
1653:
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1500:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1458:Blood of Christ
1454:
1422:
1246:
1180:
1178:Crown of thorns
1174:
1172:Crown of Thorns
1133:
1127:
1103:
1098:
1096:The Last Supper
1044:Pope Theodore I
1012:
1007:
1000:
997:
988:
985:
976:
973:
964:
956:The Face of God
940:
922:
914:Pope Nicholas V
906:
882:
870:
862:Shroud of Turin
842:Image of Edessa
830:
828:Image of Edessa
782:
763:Shroud of Turin
755:Shroud of Turin
753:A photo of the
747:
745:Shroud of Turin
741:
739:Shroud of Turin
733:Shroud of Turin
716:
713:
710:
707:
693:
589:
554:Shroud of Turin
550:crown of thorns
511:
473:
471:
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416:
360:
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349:
286:
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192:
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181:
55:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3706:
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3695:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3647:
3642:
3640:House of Savoy
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:Raymond Rogers
3591:
3586:
3581:
3579:Walter McCrone
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3526:Investigations
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3354:Mary Magdalene
3346:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3319:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3277:
3276:(legal father)
3271:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3227:
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3209:
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3165:
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3143:
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3110:
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3073:
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3058:
3056:
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3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
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3021:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2974:Gospel harmony
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
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2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
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2842:
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2822:
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2805:
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2803:
2789:
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2787:
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2776:
2775:
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2760:
2755:
2750:
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2739:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2692:List of topics
2689:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2629:External links
2627:
2626:
2625:
2611:
2587:
2571:
2537:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2466:
2461:
2451:, Huntington:
2442:
2437:
2411:
2406:
2393:
2381:
2366:
2354:
2336:
2324:
2309:
2297:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2255:
2240:
2225:
2223:, p. 104.
2221:Nickell (2007)
2213:
2202:
2200:, p. 169.
2198:Nickell (2007)
2190:
2186:Nickell (2007)
2178:
2158:
2140:
2129:
2122:
2104:
2084:
2072:
2055:
2032:
2021:
2004:
1998:
1978:
1961:
1948:978-0307590749
1947:
1921:
1892:
1864:
1853:
1844:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1803:Nickell (2007)
1795:
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1772:
1760:
1749:
1728:
1673:
1647:
1635:
1610:
1603:
1576:
1558:
1546:Faith and Fire
1537:
1528:(1998-05-24),
1517:
1491:
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1475:
1472:
1471:
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1465:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1365:
1300:Pontius Pilate
1245:
1242:
1219:Gospel of John
1205:The relics of
1176:Main article:
1173:
1170:
1129:Main article:
1126:
1123:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1036:Empress Helena
1011:
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1001:
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939:
936:
926:Jaén Cathedral
921:
918:
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894:Hofburg Palace
881:
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866:
858:Vatican Palace
829:
826:
818:Gospel of John
781:
778:
743:Main article:
740:
737:
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638:Holy Sepulchre
588:
587:The True Cross
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190:Jesus in Islam
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85:Gospel harmony
82:
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51:
50:
47:
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38:
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3705:
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3673:
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3663:
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3655:acheiropoieta
3653:
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3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
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3631:
3628:
3626:
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3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:Lynn Picknett
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:Barbara Frale
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:Pierre Barbet
3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
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3536:
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3528:
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3502:
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3427:
3415:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Mental health
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
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3357:
3355:
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3328:
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3314:
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3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
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3294:
3292:
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3283:
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3278:
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3232:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3206:In the Talmud
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3173:Cosmic Christ
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Second Coming
3156:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3146:Pre-existence
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
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3120:
3117:
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3115:
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3109:
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3030:
3027:
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3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2936:New Testament
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2813:Lord's Prayer
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Unknown years
2746:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Date of birth
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2612:9789758071265
2608:
2604:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2562:on 2012-03-04
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2384:
2378:
2375:, McFarland,
2374:
2373:
2367:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2188:, p. 96.
2187:
2182:
2175:. 2019-04-17.
2174:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2133:
2125:
2123:9780415939294
2119:
2115:
2108:
2101:on 2010-07-25
2100:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2082:, p. 103
2081:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1817:, p. 157
1816:
1811:
1805:, p. 75.
1804:
1799:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1745:1-84753-316-7
1742:
1738:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1645:, p. 200
1644:
1639:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1604:9780297842286
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1554:1-85285-073-6
1551:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:Bodily relics
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1252:Relic with a
1250:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:presented at
1208:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:King Louis IX
1188:
1184:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1016:
995:
990:
983:
978:
971:
966:
965:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
935:
932:
927:
917:
915:
911:
901:
899:
895:
890:
887:
877:
875:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
834:
825:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
786:
777:
775:
771:
766:
764:
756:
751:
746:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
701:
700:
699:acheiropoieta
690:
689:Acheiropoieta
684:
682:
678:
674:
669:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
619:
614:
610:
606:
598:
593:
584:
582:
581:Oviedo Shroud
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
543:
542:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
508:
503:
501:
496:
494:
489:
488:
486:
485:
480:
470:
468:
463:
458:
457:
456:
455:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
426:
421:
420:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
359:
354:
353:
346:
343:
341:
340:Unknown years
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
309:
306:
302:
299:
298:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
285:
280:
279:
272:
269:
267:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:
241:
240:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
191:
186:
185:
178:
177:Second Coming
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
75:Life of Jesus
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
54:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
35:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3649:
3296:Holy Kinship
3247:Master Jesus
3225:Baháʼí Faith
3152:
3119:Christianity
3106:Christianity
3076:Christ Child
3071:Bibliography
2921:Resurrection
2835:Homelessness
2744:(apocryphal)
2725:Virgin birth
2715:Annunciation
2707:Jesus's life
2602:
2582:
2564:. Retrieved
2557:the original
2552:
2548:
2530:. Retrieved
2508:
2504:
2471:
2447:
2419:
2415:Nickell, Joe
2397:
2386:, retrieved
2371:
2359:, retrieved
2344:
2329:, retrieved
2314:
2302:, retrieved
2287:
2267:
2258:
2248:P. Saintyves
2243:
2228:
2216:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2170:
2161:
2143:
2132:
2113:
2107:
2099:the original
2093:
2087:
2080:Griffin 2001
2075:
2067:
2058:
2047:
2035:
2024:
2014:
2007:
1988:
1981:
1971:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1934:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1905:
1895:
1884:. Retrieved
1879:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1838:Ian Wilson,
1834:
1829:, p. 94
1822:
1810:
1798:
1787:
1780:Houlden 2003
1775:
1770:, p. 47
1763:
1752:
1736:
1731:
1698:
1694:
1684:Trumbore, S.
1676:
1668:
1655:
1650:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:
1613:
1593:
1579:
1571:www.ccel.org
1570:
1561:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1509:
1482:
1442:Circumcision
1434:Holy Prepuce
1423:
1331:
1308:
1296:Scala Sancta
1293:
1288:
1280:
1262:
1232:
1224:
1204:
1145:
1137:Holy Chalice
1134:
1131:Holy Chalice
1110:
1104:
1079:
1065:
1056:
1023:
1021:
1005:Other relics
955:
941:
931:Santo Rostro
923:
907:
891:
883:
871:
839:
822:
814:Jesus Christ
798:Cámara Santa
791:
767:
760:
695:A number of
694:
654:
633:
623:
616:
602:
570:
566:Pope Francis
547:
541:Arma Christi
518:
516:
412:Bar-Serapion
344:
264: /
167:Intercession
147:Resurrection
95:Virgin birth
26:
3584:Joe Nickell
3569:Yves Delage
3552:Researchers
3322:Descendants
3280:Holy Family
3263:Genealogies
3230:Manichaeism
3136:Incarnation
3131:Christology
3124:1st century
3006:Historicity
2897:Crucifixion
2865:Last Supper
2505:Radiocarbon
1954:24 December
1914:24 December
1880:nbcnews.com
1827:Wilson 1991
1815:Wilson 1991
1792:Wilson 1991
1768:Ruffin 1999
1757:John 20:6–7
1489:, p. 5
1398:Holy Sponge
1362:Charlemagne
1325:, given by
1244:Crucifixion
1207:the Passion
1143:26:27–28).
1121:in Venice.
1107:Last Supper
1070:, while in
1062:Mount Athos
898:Pope Paul V
774:Middle Ages
432:Life in art
308:Historicity
262:Jesus' race
132:Humiliation
65:Christology
3635:Pray Codex
3604:Ian Wilson
3168:Son of God
3063:Depictions
2801:Beatitudes
2758:Temptation
2702:Chronology
2566:2012-09-10
2532:2012-09-10
2388:21 October
2361:21 October
2331:21 October
2304:21 October
2210:John 19:23
2137:John 19:12
1886:2019-12-01
1842:, page 161
1747:. page 31.
1534:, Holy See
1430:veneration
1387:Holy Lance
1358:Argenteuil
1277:Holy Nails
1148:Holy Grail
1086:baby Jesus
938:Manoppello
820:(20:6–7).
657:True Cross
605:True Cross
535:Holy Nails
392:Manichaean
291:Chronology
245:Background
3381:Criticism
3366:Christmas
3242:Mandaeism
3218:Ahmadiyya
2926:Ascension
2850:Anointing
2785:Disciples
2768:Selecting
2425:Lexington
2268:about.com
2172:USA Today
1643:Cruz 2003
1628:April 10,
1474:Citations
1440:from his
1436:, Jesus'
1342:Holy Coat
1336:include:
1254:holy nail
1076:Dubrovnik
1052:Bethlehem
1024:Holy Crib
768:In 1988,
650:Theodoret
442:Depiction
365:Christian
335:Criticism
325:Mythology
266:genealogy
232:End times
217:Disciples
157:Obedience
152:Ascension
137:Execution
3687:Category
3498:Location
3414:Category
3285:Panthera
3270:(mother)
3029:Josephus
2882:Betrayal
2825:Miracles
2820:Parables
2780:Ministry
2763:Apostles
2720:Nativity
2621:71787023
2417:(2007),
2342:(1999),
2151:Archived
1723:27686437
1660:Archived
1591:(2000).
1452:See also
1438:foreskin
1415:in Rome.
1404:in Rome.
1391:Longinus
1234:Louis IX
1032:sycamore
948:Capuchin
910:Alicante
904:Alicante
729:Pius XII
725:Leo XIII
665:basilica
402:Josephus
397:Mandaean
127:Parables
122:Miracles
110:Ministry
100:Nativity
34:a series
32:Part of
3618:Related
3463:History
3337:Related
3307:Joachim
3201:Judaism
3191:Jesuism
3091:Statues
3044:Gospels
3034:Tacitus
3024:Sources
2949:Matthew
2944:Gospels
2855:Passion
2808:Prayers
2753:Baptism
2742:Infancy
2687:Outline
2513:Bibcode
1703:Bibcode
1319:Belgium
1256:at the
1141:Matthew
1072:Croatia
962:Gallery
800:of the
708:
646:Sozomen
597:Tiepolo
527:Erasmus
447:Jesuism
407:Tacitus
380:Islamic
105:Baptism
80:Gospels
3371:Easter
3327:Clopas
3274:Joseph
3256:Family
3153:Relics
3114:Christ
2909:Burial
2887:Arrest
2619:
2609:
2479:
2459:
2435:
2404:
2379:
2352:
2322:
2295:
2288:Relics
2120:
1996:
1945:
1743:
1721:
1695:Nature
1601:
1556:p. 272
1552:
1315:Bruges
1265:Helena
806:Oviedo
599:, 1745
564:, and
523:relics
385:Ahmadi
375:Talmud
370:Jewish
345:Relics
202:Gospel
142:Burial
90:Places
60:Christ
3660:blood
3213:Islam
2892:Trial
2796:Plain
2676:Jesus
2579:(PDF)
2560:(PDF)
2545:(PDF)
2501:(PDF)
1719:S2CID
1691:(PDF)
1354:Trier
1346:Latin
1323:phial
1271:, to
1215:Paris
1193:from
1187:Relic
1038:(see
920:Siena
850:Genoa
810:Latin
603:The "
227:Mahdi
222:Death
197:Masih
3313:Heli
3301:Anne
3268:Mary
2964:John
2959:Luke
2954:Mark
2914:Tomb
2617:OCLC
2607:ISBN
2477:ISBN
2457:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2402:ISBN
2390:2010
2377:ISBN
2363:2010
2350:ISBN
2333:2010
2320:ISBN
2306:2010
2293:ISBN
2118:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1956:2023
1943:ISBN
1916:2023
1741:ISBN
1630:2015
1599:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1396:The
1385:The
1378:and
1374:The
1340:The
1309:The
1294:The
1164:and
1135:The
1084:the
944:Rome
924:The
892:The
880:Rome
872:The
840:The
792:The
761:The
705:lit.
661:INRI
648:and
212:Mary
2705:of
2597:PDF
2521:doi
1711:doi
1699:337
1313:in
1213:in
1113:to
1060:on
1050:in
848:in
615:'s
3689::
2615:.
2581:.
2553:26
2551:.
2547:.
2519:.
2509:44
2507:.
2503:.
2455:,
2431:,
2427::
2423:,
2266:.
2250:.
2235:.
2169:.
2066:,
1937:.
1933:.
1904:.
1878:.
1867:^
1739:.
1717:.
1709:.
1697:.
1693:.
1667:,
1621:.
1587:;
1569:.
1494:^
1448:.
1348::
1317:,
1092:.
1074:,
1054:.
804:,
735:.
683:.
644:,
583:.
568:.
560:,
36:on
3448:e
3441:t
3434:v
2794:/
2668:e
2661:t
2654:v
2623:.
2599:)
2595:(
2585:.
2569:.
2535:.
2523::
2515::
2270:.
2126:.
1958:.
1918:.
1889:.
1725:.
1713::
1705::
1632:.
1607:.
1573:.
1364:.
717:'
711:'
703:(
506:e
499:t
492:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
