1342:
68:. Technology alliances focus on economic development, often regardless of research-intensity or geographic density. Business parks provide infrastructure and facilities to businesses, but there is no requirement for research-intensity and all the member organizations share facilities in exactly the same location.
26:
organizations. These regions may be informally designated, or may be represented by a formal association. Member organizations are often universities, businesses, and non-profit research institutes.
49:
be geographically close to one another. RICs differ from research parks in that the member organizations are in separate locations within a geographical region, and are not sharing the same
407:
425:
593:
95:
30:
651:
288:
61:
798:
770:
Phillip Raines. "Developing
Cluster Policies in Seven European Regions" European Policies Research Center, University of Strathclyde; December 2000.
885:
586:
142:
928:
53:
location. RICs differ from technology and economic clusters because they focus on more research rather than on economic development
895:
815:
1112:
791:
1273:
773:
Philip Cooke. "Life
Sciences Clusters and Regional Science Policy." Urban Studies, Vol. 41, Nos 5/6, 1113–1131, May 2004.
527:
784:
192:
1233:
578:
375:
305:
226:
238:
540:
681:
498:
750:
1370:
569:
918:
544:
516:
276:
150:
490:
694:
442:
388:
342:
280:
230:
520:
363:
338:
272:
222:
1016:
1011:
807:
625:
557:
334:
268:
264:
218:
214:
1171:
1140:
1092:
966:
702:
698:
638:
561:
438:
396:
392:
1061:
1006:
991:
976:
860:
838:
313:
108:
1130:
1046:
565:
260:
210:
8:
1293:
1190:
1021:
908:
512:
446:
400:
1066:
493:(2014), Etablissement public Paris-Saclay and Paris Region Economic Development Agency
465:
197:
120:
112:
38:
1365:
1308:
1268:
1150:
1145:
1026:
552:
355:
1097:
1041:
996:
956:
903:
673:
669:
321:
309:
45:. RICs differ from generic research associations in that the member organizations
42:
1253:
1223:
981:
913:
875:
843:
833:
582:
412:
367:
57:, though for-profit businesses may certainly be members of both types of groups.
1346:
1318:
1258:
1248:
1243:
1031:
986:
971:
946:
941:
632:
503:
350:
1359:
1303:
1263:
1135:
1071:
1056:
1051:
879:
828:
482:
65:
34:
1313:
1238:
1125:
1102:
961:
776:
532:
473:
100:
1202:
865:
853:
665:
611:
293:
201:
1298:
1197:
1155:
951:
870:
297:
1180:
1001:
617:
251:
171:
155:
1228:
1167:
1120:
936:
686:
598:
430:
380:
133:
129:
23:
1288:
1036:
823:
1328:
1087:
656:
326:
247:
243:
179:
175:
16:
Regions with a high density of research-oriented organizations
1323:
1278:
1207:
1185:
478:
125:
1283:
848:
457:
751:"Regional Research Intensive Clusters and Science Parks"
71:
748:
1357:
792:
806:
587:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
799:
785:
22:(RICs) are regions with a high density of
168:Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen triangle (ELAt)
1358:
744:
780:
749:Christian Saublens (September 2007).
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
145:, Research Park, Technology Center
72:List of research-intensive clusters
13:
764:
721:
528:Red River Valley Research Corridor
14:
1382:
441:(OU), OU Health Sciences Center,
193:Global Medical Excellence Cluster
29:Closely related concepts include
1340:
1234:Residential cluster development
579:North Carolina State University
376:Michigan Life Sciences Corridor
306:Georgia Institute of Technology
227:Queen Mary University of London
88:Anchor Universities/Institutes
60:Other similar concepts include
886:Shopping streets and districts
408:OstWestfalenLippe Maschinenbau
184:Netherlands, Belgium, Germany
1:
714:
541:North Dakota State University
138:Switzerland, Germany, France
1012:Model dwellings for the poor
682:University Research Corridor
499:Pittsburgh Quantum Institute
7:
614:(or the Cambridge Cluster)
20:Research-intensive clusters
10:
1387:
545:University of North Dakota
517:Carnegie Mellon University
426:Oklahoma Research Corridor
277:London School of Economics
151:Edinburgh Science Triangle
77:
1337:
1216:
1166:
1111:
1080:
927:
894:
814:
695:Michigan State University
443:Oklahoma State University
389:Michigan State University
343:University College London
281:University College London
231:University College London
808:Real estate developments
521:University of Pittsburgh
364:University of Copenhagen
1017:Multifamily residential
626:University of Cambridge
491:Université Paris-Saclay
335:Imperial College London
269:Imperial College London
265:University of Cambridge
219:Imperial College London
215:University of Cambridge
967:Conservation community
756:. European Commission.
703:University of Michigan
699:Wayne State University
639:San Francisco Bay Area
439:University of Oklahoma
397:University of Michigan
393:Wayne State University
1062:Single-room occupancy
1007:Mixed-use development
992:Intentional community
977:Golf course community
839:Mixed-use development
594:Salzburg Wood Cluster
339:King's College London
314:University of Georgia
273:King's College London
223:King's College London
109:Ohio State University
96:315 Research Corridor
31:research associations
1131:Garden city movement
1047:Retirement community
261:University of Oxford
259:Many, including the
211:University of Oxford
209:Many, including the
62:technology alliances
1294:Planning permission
1037:Residential airpark
1022:Penthouse apartment
909:Industrial district
652:Styrian Autocluster
513:Duquesne University
447:University of Tulsa
401:Van Andel Institute
360:Denmark and Sweden
289:Innovation Crescent
141:Innovation Center,
39:technology clusters
1371:Economic geography
1347:Housing portal
919:Technology centers
468:, Technopolis Plc
466:University of Oulu
198:South East England
113:Battelle Institute
1353:
1352:
1309:Regional planning
1269:Land-use planning
1151:Urban green space
1146:Planned community
1081:Science/education
1027:Private community
712:
711:
572:, North Carolina
553:Research Triangle
43:economic clusters
24:research-oriented
1378:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1098:Satellite campus
1042:Residential area
997:Luxury apartment
957:Closed community
904:Business cluster
801:
794:
787:
778:
777:
758:
757:
755:
746:
674:Johnson Controls
670:Lear Corporation
310:Emory University
76:
75:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1254:Greenfield land
1224:Brownfield land
1212:
1162:
1107:
1076:
982:Gated community
923:
914:Industrial park
890:
876:Shopping center
844:Office building
834:Commercial area
810:
805:
767:
765:Further reading
762:
761:
753:
747:
722:
717:
583:Duke University
506:, Pennsylvania
413:East Westphalia
368:Lund University
239:Golden triangle
90:(or Companies)
89:
74:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1384:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Urban planning
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1259:Greyfield land
1256:
1251:
1249:Eminent domain
1246:
1244:Context theory
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1143:
1141:Planned cities
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1032:Public housing
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
987:Housing estate
984:
979:
974:
972:Executive home
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
947:Bungalow court
944:
942:Boarding house
939:
933:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
900:
898:
892:
891:
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888:
883:
873:
868:
863:
858:
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856:
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841:
836:
831:
826:
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781:
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774:
771:
766:
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719:
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705:
692:
689:
684:
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662:
659:
654:
648:
647:
644:
641:
635:
633:Silicon Valley
629:
628:
623:
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596:
590:
589:
576:
573:
555:
549:
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510:
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476:
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463:
460:
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436:
433:
428:
422:
421:
418:
415:
410:
404:
403:
386:
383:
378:
372:
371:
361:
358:
356:Ă–resund Region
353:
351:Medicon Valley
347:
346:
332:
329:
324:
318:
317:
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300:
291:
285:
284:
257:
254:
241:
235:
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207:
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195:
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169:
165:
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147:
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139:
136:
123:
117:
116:
106:
103:
98:
92:
91:
86:
83:
80:
73:
70:
66:business parks
35:research parks
33:(in general),
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1383:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1348:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Redevelopment
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:Groundscraper
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:Miscellaneous
1215:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
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1173:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Model village
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Research park
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1072:Tract housing
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Rooming house
1055:
1053:
1052:Revenue house
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
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1008:
1005:
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968:
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953:
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948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
893:
887:
884:
881:
880:Shopping mall
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
855:
852:
851:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
829:Business park
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
817:
813:
809:
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
782:
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772:
769:
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752:
745:
743:
741:
739:
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708:
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621:
619:
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591:
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584:
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571:
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563:
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546:
542:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
522:
518:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
492:
489:
486:
484:
483:Ile-de-France
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
467:
464:
461:
459:
456:
453:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
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429:
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69:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
25:
21:
1314:Urban design
1239:Construction
1126:Civic center
1103:Science park
962:Company town
861:Power center
533:North Dakota
474:Paris-Saclay
454:Oulu Region
101:Columbus, OH
59:
54:
50:
46:
28:
19:
18:
1274:Nonbuilding
1203:Tower block
1067:Subdivision
929:Residential
866:Retail park
666:Magna Steyr
612:Silicon Fen
570:Chapel Hill
543:(NDSU) and
294:Atlanta, GA
275:(KCL), the
202:East Anglia
1360:Categories
1299:Playground
1198:Skyscraper
952:City block
896:Industrial
871:Riverfront
816:Commercial
715:References
664:AVL List,
519:, and the
504:Pittsburgh
341:(KCL) and
298:Athens, GA
279:(LSE) and
229:(QMUL)and
1181:Apartment
1168:Buildings
1113:Municipal
1002:McMansion
637:southern
618:Cambridge
252:Cambridge
172:Eindhoven
160:Scotland
156:Edinburgh
143:Unicampus
121:BioValley
82:Location
1366:Research
1229:Cemetery
1121:Arcology
937:Agrihood
687:Michigan
661:Austria
622:England
603:Austria
599:Salzburg
462:Finland
431:Oklahoma
417:Germany
381:Michigan
331:England
256:England
225:(KCL),
206:England
134:Illkirch
130:Freiburg
1289:Parking
824:Airport
676:, etc.
646:(many)
606:(many)
558:Raleigh
487:France
445:(OSU),
420:(many)
370:, etc.
322:MedCity
316:, etc.
187:(many)
163:(many)
115:, etc.
85:Nation
1329:Zoning
1088:Campus
854:inland
657:Styria
562:Durham
547:(UND)
345:(UCL)
327:London
283:(UCL)
263:, the
248:London
244:Oxford
233:(UCL)
213:, the
180:Aachen
176:Leuven
55:per se
41:, and
1324:YIMBY
1279:NIMBY
1208:Villa
1191:types
1186:House
1172:types
1156:parks
754:(PDF)
691:U.S.
643:U.S.
575:U.S.
537:U.S.
509:U.S.
479:Paris
449:(TU)
435:U.S.
385:U.S.
302:U.S.
126:Basel
105:U.S.
79:Name
51:exact
1284:Park
849:Port
566:Cary
458:Oulu
296:and
250:and
200:and
64:and
47:must
1362::
723:^
701:,
697:,
672:,
668:,
585:,
581:,
515:,
481:,
399:,
395:,
391:,
366:,
337:,
312:,
308:,
271:,
267:,
246:,
221:,
217:,
132:,
128:,
111:,
37:,
1174:)
1170:(
882:)
878:(
800:e
793:t
786:v
568:-
564:-
560:-
178:-
174:-
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