274:). Accession numbers must be included in the final version of the manuscript. For other forms of data (e.g., microsatellite genotypes, linkage maps, images), the Journal endorses the principles of the Joint Data Archiving Policy (JDAP) in encouraging all authors to archive primary datasets in an appropriate public archive, such as Dryad, TreeBASE, or the Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. Authors are encouraged to make data publicly available at time of publication or, if the technology of the archive allows, opt to embargo access to the data for a period up to a year after publication. The American Genetic Association also recognizes the vast investment of individual researchers in generating and curating large datasets. Consequently, we recommend that this investment be respected in secondary analyses or meta-analyses in a gracious collaborative spirit.
492:
303:, your own institutional or funder repository, or as Supporting Information on the Molecular Ecology web site. Data are important products of the scientific enterprise, and they should be preserved and usable for decades in the future. Authors may elect to have the data publicly available at time of publication, or, if the technology of the archive allows, may opt to embargo access to the data for a period up to a year after publication. Exceptions may be granted at the discretion of the editor, especially for sensitive information such as human subject data or the location of endangered species.
179:. Authors may elect to make the data publicly available as soon as the article is published or, if the technology of the archive allows, embargo access to the data up to three years after article publication. A statement describing Data Availability will be included in the manuscript as described in the instructions to authors. Exceptions to the required archiving of data may be granted at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief for studies that include sensitive information (e.g., the location of endangered species). Our Editorial explaining the motivation for this policy can be found
25:
469:) project, which will provide scientific data archiving for ecological and environmental data produced by scientists worldwide. DataONE's stated goal is to preserve and provide access to multi-scale, multi-discipline, and multi-national data. The community of users for DataONE includes scientists, ecosystem managers, policy makers, students, educators, and the public.
708:
and some developing countries had organized formal and well-functioning national data archives. In addition, college and university campuses often have `data libraries' that make data available to their faculty, staff, and students; most of these bear minimal archival responsibility, relying for that function on a national institution (Rockwell, 2001, p. 3227).
102:
data. In general, the tradition of science has been for publications to contain sufficient information to allow fellow researchers to replicate and therefore test the research. In recent years this approach has become increasingly strained as research in some areas depends on large datasets which cannot easily be replicated independently.
702:
In the social sciences, data libraries are referred to as data archives. Data archives are professional institutions for the acquisition, preparation, preservation, and dissemination of social and behavioral data. Data archives in the social sciences evolved in the 1950s and have been perceived as an
197:
strongly encourages authors who re-use data archives archived data sets to include as fully engaged collaborators the scientists who originally collected them. We feel this will greatly enhance the quality and impact of the resulting research by drawing on the data collector’s profound insights into
530:
for secondary use in research. A data library is normally part of a larger institution (academic, corporate, scientific, medical, governmental, etc.). established for research data archiving and to serve the data users of that organisation. The data library tends to house local data collections and
707:
By 1964 the
International Social Science Council (ISSC) had sponsored a second conference on Social Science Data Archives and had a standing Committee on Social Science Data, both of which stimulated the data archives movement. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, most developed countries
586:
Preservation and Data
Sharing Services - act on a strategy of preservation of datasets in the collection, such as media refreshment and file format migration; download and keep records on updated versions from a central repository. Also, assist users in preparing original data for secondary use by
359:
now requests that, in general, authors place the bulk of their description of materials and methods online as supporting material, providing only as much methods description in the print manuscript as is necessary to follow the logic of the text. (Obviously, this restriction will not apply if the
330:
requires the reviewer to determine if all of the supplementary data and methods have been archived. The policy advises reviewers to consider several questions, including: "Should the authors be asked to provide supplementary methods or data to accompany the paper online? (Such data might include
101:
have differing policies regarding how much of their data and methods researchers are required to store in a public archive, and what is actually archived varies widely between different disciplines. Similarly, the major grant-giving institutions have varying attitudes towards public archiving of
354:
supports the efforts of databases that aggregate published data for the use of the scientific community. Therefore, before publication, large data sets (including microarray data, protein or DNA sequences, and atomic coordinates or electron microscopy maps for macromolecular structures) must be
244:
repository for ecological and evolutionary biology data. All accession numbers for GenBank, TreeBASE, and Dryad must be included in accepted manuscripts before they go to
Production. If the data is deposited somewhere else, please provide a link. If the data is culled from published literature,
543:
for download). A data library may also maintain subscriptions to licensed data resources for its users to access the information. Whether a data library is also considered a data archive may depend on the extent of unique holdings in the collection, whether long-term preservation services are
587:
others; either for deposit in a central or institutional repository, or for less formal ways of sharing data. This may also involve marking up the data into an appropriate XML standard, such as the Data
Documentation Initiative, or adding other metadata to facilitate online discovery.
582:
Collection
Development & Management - acquire, maintain, and manage a collection of data files used for secondary analysis by the local user community; purchase institutional data subscriptions; act as a site representative to data providers and national data archives for the
128:. This policy mandates that datasets cited in AGU papers must be archived by a recognised data center; it permits the creation of "data papers"; and it establishes AGU's role in maintaining data archives. But it makes no requirements on paper authors to archive their data.
325:
journal at submission, either uploaded via the journal's online submission service, or if the files are too large or in an unsuitable format for this purpose, on CD/DVD (five copies). Such material cannot solely be hosted on an author's personal or institutional web site.
424:
since at least 2013. Their policy states that 'all data relating to the article must be made available in
Supplementary files or deposited in external repositories and linked to within the article. The policy recommends that data are deposited in a repository such as the
574:
User
Instruction — providing hands-on training to groups of users in locating data resources on particular topics, how to download data and read it into spreadsheet, statistical, database, or GIS packages, how to interpret codebooks and other
245:
please deposit the collated data in Dryad for the convenience of your readers. Any impediments to data sharing should be brought to the attention of the editors at the time of submission so that appropriate arrangements can be worked out.
578:
Technical
Assistance - including easing registration procedures, troubleshooting problems with the dataset, such as errors in the documentation, reformatting data into something a user can work with, and helping with statistical
257:
The primary data underlying the conclusions of an article are critical to the verifiability and transparency of the scientific enterprise, and should be preserved in usable form for decades in the future. For this reason,
437:. A 2018 study found a data availability rate of 53%, reflecting either weak enforcement of this policy or an incomplete understanding among editors, reviewers, and authors of how to interpret and implement this policy.
135:. This process was recognized as wasteful of time and energy and obtained mixed results. Information could become lost or corrupted over the years. In some cases, authors simply refuse to provide the information.
385:
Datasets and code should be deposited in an appropriate, recognised, publicly available repository. Where no data-specific repository exists, authors should deposit their datasets in a general repository such as
131:
Prior to organized data archiving, researchers wanting to evaluate or replicate a paper would have to request data and methods information from the author. The academic community expects authors to
883:
300:
47:
198:
the natural history of the study system, reducing the risk of errors in novel analyses, and stimulating the cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural collaboration and training for which the
263:
159:
requires, as a condition for publication, that the data supporting the results in the paper and metadata describing them must be archived in an appropriate public archive such as
105:
Data archiving is more important in some fields than others. In a few fields, all of the data necessary to replicate the work is already available in the journal article. In
1151:
571:
Reference
Assistance — locating numeric or geospatial datasets containing measurable variables on a particular topic or group of topics, in response to a user query.
560:(ARL) published a report presenting results from a survey of ARL member institutions involved in collecting and providing services for numeric data resources.
262:
requires that newly reported nucleotide or amino acid sequences, and structural coordinates, be submitted to appropriate public databases (e.g., GenBank; the
109:, a great deal of data is generated and must be archived so researchers can verify that the reports the drug companies publish accurately reflect the data.
232:
requires authors to deposit the data associated with accepted papers in a public archive. For gene sequence data and phylogenetic trees, deposition in
476:
requires that research data should be archived in the researcher's own institution or an appropriate nationwide infrastructure for at least 10 years.
382:
journals, it is a condition of publication that authors make available the data, code and research materials supporting the results in the article.
1210:
for articles tracing the history of data libraries and its relationship to the archivist profession, going back to the 1960s and '70s up to 1996.
1219:
articles from 1993 to the present, focusing on data libraries, data archives, data support, and information technology for the social sciences.
640:
1179:
Heim, Kathleen M. "Social
Scientific Information Needs for Numeric Data: The Evolution of the International Data Archive Infrastructure."
138:
The need for data archiving and due diligence is greatly increased when the research deals with health issues or public policy formation.
321:
Such material must be hosted on an accredited independent site (URL and accession numbers to be provided by the author), or sent to the
1203:
1010:
1589:
1214:
355:
deposited in an approved database and an accession number provided for inclusion in the published paper. "Materials and methods" –
421:
544:
offered, and whether it serves a broader community (as national data archives do). Most public data libraries are listed in the
1076:
713:
545:
722:
CESSDA Members are data archives and other organisations that archive social science data and provide data for secondary use:
295:
expects that data supporting the results in the paper should be archived in an appropriate public archive, such as GenBank,
999:
193:
The data collected by tropical biologists are often long-term, complex, and expensive to collect. The Board of Editors of
843:"The Case for Due Diligence When Empirical Research is Used in Policy Formation" by Bruce McCullough and Ross McKitrick.
620:
1113:
857:
671:
1594:
666:
557:
491:
416:
73:
450:(NSF) has tightened requirements on data archiving. Researchers seeking funding from NSF are now required to file a
661:
744:
1021:
473:
240:, respectively, is required. There are many possible archives that may suit a particular data set, including the
1287:
752:
1584:
1247:
1136:
656:
1117:
The Case for Due Diligence When Empirical Research is Used in Policy Formation by McCullough and McKitrick
563:
Library service providing support at the institutional level for the use of numerical and other types of
1599:
955:
776:
447:
124:(AGU) adopted their first policy on data archiving in 1993, about three years after the beginning of the
90:
1569:
605:
121:
1090:
905:
155:
1132:
1059:
Rockwell, R. C. (2001). Data Archives: International. IN: Smelser, N. J. & Baltes, P. B. (eds.)
933:
1579:
1574:
1371:
1367:
1169:, S. Fienberg, M. Martin, and M. Straf, Eds. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1985, 39-88.
426:
120:
allowing large amounts of data to be stored and accessed from central locations. For example, the
55:
51:
35:
1296:
480:
296:
228:
43:
331:
source code for modelling studies, detailed experimental protocols or mathematical derivations.)
180:
1398:
1103:
944:
686:
681:
132:
117:
969:"A Standard for the Scholarly Citation of Archaeological Data as an Incentive to Data Sharing"
894:
716:
is a global registry of research data repository indexing data archives from all disciplines:
872:
833:
1198:
1528:
808:
451:
8:
1468:
1453:
1381:
1165:
Clubb, J., Austin, E., and Geda, C. "'Sharing research data in the social sciences.'" In
1280:
615:
540:
387:
241:
113:
1108:
1458:
1448:
1312:
1143:
691:
365:
292:
267:
216:
is one of only two journals that pays the fees for authors depositing data at Dryad.
98:
1408:
1357:
1342:
1322:
1307:
1123:
980:
803:
336:
190:
Promoting a culture of collaboration with researchers who collect and archive data:
184:
106:
1082:
97:, including the natural sciences, social sciences, and life sciences. The various
1538:
1473:
1463:
1433:
1376:
1347:
1337:
1244:(International Association for Social Science Information and Service Technology)
1207:
861:
748:
1098:
1548:
1543:
1508:
1488:
1483:
1438:
1413:
1332:
1107:
The Role of Data and Program Code Archives in the Future of Economic Research
625:
1147:
1563:
1513:
1503:
1478:
1352:
1317:
1273:
1187:
854:
798:
399:
379:
1523:
1518:
1498:
1493:
1423:
1418:
1393:
1386:
1362:
1229:
1118:
968:
844:
753:
https://web.archive.org/web/20150318230743/http://www.sa.dk/dda/default.htm
532:
1443:
1403:
793:
723:
917:
832:”Policy on Referencing Data in and Archiving Data for AGU Publications”
168:
985:
741:
524:
271:
1032:
777:
https://socialsciences.cornell.edu/ciser-data-and-reproduction-archive
1533:
1428:
1127:“How to encourage the right behaviour” An opinion piece published in
813:
788:
1327:
770:
764:
646:
564:
527:
391:
237:
176:
54:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
906:"Availability of Data and Materials: The Policy of Nature Magazine
610:
567:
in research. Amongst the support activities typically available:
520:
466:
458:
434:
233:
112:
The requirement of data archiving is a recent development in the
1061:
International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences
635:
1046:
White, Howard D. (1977). Machine-Readable Social Science Data.
757:
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research:
677:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center
1241:
1139:
1022:"Overview of funders' data policies | Digital Curation Centre"
758:
682:
Pangaea - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
430:
199:
183:. A more comprehensive list of data repositories is available
1154:
1152:
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
631:
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
630:
378:
To allow others to verify and build on the work published in
360:
paper is fundamentally a study of a new method or technique.)
1188:"'Supporting local data users in the UK academic community'"
1230:
University of California Irvine Machine Learnimg Repository
1000:”NSF to Ask Every Grant Applicant for Data Management Plan”
94:
1122:
Thoughts on Refereed Journal Publication by Chuck Doswell
172:
735:
729:
717:
536:
125:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1250:(Data Information Specialists Committee—United Kingdom)
967:
Marwick, Ben; Birch, Suzanne E. Pilaar (5 April 2018).
676:
601:
The following list refers to scientific data archives.
164:
160:
1096:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
918:"Guide to Publication Policies of the Nature Journals"
651:
855:"Data Sharing and Replication" a website by Gary King
728:
Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives:
406:
454:as a two-page supplement to the grant application.
1176:. Canadian Library Association, Ottawa, ON, 2005.
1112:Data sharing and replication – Gary King website
1011:”DFG Guidelines on the Handling of Research Data”
483:maintains an overview of funder's data policies.
38:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
1561:
687:NASA SeaBASS - Data archive for ocean color data
141:
531:provides access to them through various means (
441:
763:The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research:
641:National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging
1281:
1063:(vol. 5, pp. 3225- 3230). Amsterdam: Elsevier
591:
966:
1262:(Canadian Association of Public Data Users)
945:”Preparing Your Supporting Online Material”
734:Finnish Social Science Data Archive (FSD):
1288:
1274:
645:National Archive of Criminal Justice Data
551:
461:initiative has resulted in funding of the
219:
1172:Geraci, D., Humphrey, C., and Jacobs, J.
1146:for Open Data in Science, at Citizendium
984:
495:Data Repository and an Archive Repository
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
1256:(Association of Public Data Users - USA)
1186:Martinez, Luis & Macdonald, Stuart,
775:The Cornell Center for Social Sciences:
490:
116:. It was made possible by advances in
1562:
1200:IASSIST Bibliography of Selected Works
1077:Registry of Research Data Repositories
934:"General Policies of Science Magazine"
724:https://www.cessda.eu/About/Consortium
546:Registry of Research Data Repositories
249:
1269:
1102:The US National Committee for CODATA
742:http://www.sa.dk/content/us/about_us
284:
18:
973:Advances in Archaeological Practice
636:Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity
621:ESO/ST-ECF Science Archive Facility
596:
301:Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity
13:
1159:
1086:Statistical checklist required by
1035:Numeric Data Products and Services
751:; specific page (only in Danish):
697:
672:National Oceanographic Data Center
463:Data Observation Network for Earth
16:Long-term storage of research data
14:
1611:
1223:
769:The Social Science Data Archive:
667:National Snow and Ice Data Center
626:International Tree-Ring Data Bank
558:Association of Research Libraries
431:the Digital Archaeological Record
417:Journal of Archaeological Science
408:Journal of Archaeological Science
264:EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database
1590:Information retrieval techniques
771:http://dataarchives.ss.ucla.edu/
765:https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/
662:National Geophysical Data Center
372:
23:
1235:
1053:
1040:
1026:
1015:
1004:
993:
960:
949:
938:
486:
927:
910:
899:
888:
877:
866:
848:
837:
826:
1:
1137:NASA Astrophysics Data System
819:
657:National Climatic Data Center
650:NCAR Research Data Archive:
499:Research data is archived in
266:; DNA Database of Japan; the
146:
142:Selected policies by journals
873:Supporting Data and Material
442:Policies by funding agencies
7:
782:
759:http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/
448:National Science Foundation
10:
1616:
740:The Danish Data Archives:
606:CISL Research Data Archive
592:Examples of data libraries
446:In the United States, the
343:
122:American Geophysical Union
1303:
1050:13 (January, 1977):1-110.
956:"Data sharing and mining"
313:
1595:Knowledge representation
1295:
1070:
1048:Drexel Library Quarterly
895:Policy on data archiving
703:international movement:
427:Archaeology Data Service
552:Importance and services
481:Digital Curation Centre
299:, TreeBASE, Dryad, the
297:Gene Expression Omnibus
229:The American Naturalist
221:The American Naturalist
133:share supplemental data
87:Research data archiving
1194:, issue 44, July 2005.
1183:9 (Spring 1987): 1-53.
736:http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
730:http://www.cessda.org/
718:http://www.re3data.org
710:
496:
439:
422:data disclosure policy
404:
370:
341:
311:
282:
247:
208:
206:are widely recognized.
118:information technology
93:of scholarly research
1181:Collection Management
1167:Sharing Research Data
884:Data archiving policy
705:
494:
412:
376:
349:
319:
290:
255:
225:
152:
1585:Digital preservation
1469:Protection (privacy)
809:Digital preservation
556:In August 2001, the
452:data management plan
44:improve this article
652:http://rda.ucar.edu
260:Journal of Heredity
251:Journal of Heredity
56:footnote references
1600:Structured storage
1206:2016-03-03 at the
986:10.1017/aap.2018.3
860:2007-03-28 at the
747:2014-12-29 at the
523:of numeric and/or
497:
388:Dryad (repository)
279:oxfordjournals.org
114:history of science
1570:Computer archives
1557:
1556:
1549:Wrangling/munging
1399:Format management
1216:IASSIST Quarterly
1144:Panton Principles
923:. March 14, 2007.
692:World Data Center
539:-ROMs or central
293:Molecular Ecology
286:Molecular Ecology
268:Protein Data Bank
99:academic journals
91:long-term storage
84:
83:
76:
1607:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1002:
997:
991:
990:
988:
964:
958:
953:
947:
942:
936:
931:
925:
924:
922:
914:
908:
903:
897:
892:
886:
881:
875:
870:
864:
852:
846:
841:
835:
830:
804:Digital curation
597:Natural sciences
402:
368:
339:
309:
280:
107:drug development
79:
72:
68:
65:
59:
27:
26:
19:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1580:Data publishing
1575:Data management
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1529:Synchronization
1299:
1294:
1238:
1226:
1208:Wayback Machine
1162:
1160:Further reading
1131:, March, 2002.
1073:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1005:
998:
994:
965:
961:
954:
950:
943:
939:
932:
928:
920:
916:
915:
911:
904:
900:
893:
889:
882:
878:
871:
867:
862:Wayback Machine
853:
849:
842:
838:
831:
827:
822:
785:
749:Wayback Machine
700:
698:Social sciences
599:
594:
554:
517:data repository
489:
444:
411:
403:
398:
375:
369:
364:
348:
340:
335:
318:
310:
307:
289:
281:
278:
254:
224:
151:
144:
80:
69:
63:
60:
41:
32:This article's
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1613:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:Pre-processing
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1224:External links
1222:
1221:
1220:
1211:
1195:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1134:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1033:SPEC Kit 263:
1025:
1014:
1003:
992:
979:(2): 125–143.
959:
948:
937:
926:
909:
898:
887:
876:
865:
847:
836:
824:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
784:
781:
780:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
738:
732:
726:
720:
699:
696:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:documentation.
572:
553:
550:
501:data libraries
488:
485:
443:
440:
410:
405:
396:
374:
371:
362:
347:
342:
333:
317:
312:
305:
288:
283:
276:
253:
248:
223:
218:
150:
145:
143:
140:
82:
81:
36:external links
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1612:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1001:
996:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
957:
952:
946:
941:
935:
930:
919:
913:
907:
902:
896:
891:
885:
880:
874:
869:
863:
859:
856:
851:
845:
840:
834:
829:
825:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:Data curation
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
778:
774:
772:
768:
766:
762:
760:
756:
754:
750:
746:
743:
739:
737:
733:
731:
727:
725:
721:
719:
715:
712:
711:
709:
704:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
585:
581:
577:
573:
570:
569:
568:
566:
561:
559:
549:
547:
542:
538:
534:
529:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:data archives
502:
493:
484:
482:
477:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
438:
436:
432:
428:
423:
419:
418:
409:
401:
400:Royal Society
395:
393:
389:
383:
381:
380:Royal Society
373:Royal Society
367:
361:
358:
353:
346:
338:
332:
329:
324:
316:
304:
302:
298:
294:
287:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
252:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:
222:
217:
215:
212:
207:
205:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:
149:
139:
136:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
108:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
78:
75:
67:
57:
53:
52:inappropriate
49:
45:
39:
37:
30:
21:
20:
1459:Preservation
1449:Philanthropy
1313:Augmentation
1236:Associations
1215:
1199:
1191:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1128:
1095:
1094:Policies of
1087:
1079:
1060:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1017:
1006:
995:
976:
972:
962:
951:
940:
929:
912:
901:
890:
879:
868:
850:
839:
828:
706:
701:
600:
583:institution.
579:methodology.
562:
555:
516:
513:data archive
512:
509:data library
508:
504:
500:
498:
487:Data library
479:The British
478:
471:
462:
456:
445:
415:
413:
407:
384:
377:
356:
351:
350:
344:
327:
322:
320:
314:
291:
285:
259:
256:
250:
227:
226:
220:
213:
210:
209:
203:
194:
189:
188:
154:
153:
147:
137:
130:
111:
104:
86:
85:
70:
61:
46:by removing
33:
1519:Stewardship
1409:Integration
1358:Degradation
1343:Compression
1323:Archaeology
1308:Acquisition
1174:Data Basics
1080:re3data.org
794:Data center
714:re3data.org
472:The German
1564:Categories
1539:Validation
1474:Publishing
1464:Processing
1434:Management
1348:Corruption
1338:Collection
820:References
525:geospatial
521:collection
420:has had a
272:Swiss-Prot
214:Biotropica
204:Biotropica
195:Biotropica
156:Biotropica
148:Biotropica
64:March 2024
1544:Warehouse
1509:Scrubbing
1489:Retention
1484:Reduction
1439:Migration
1414:Integrity
1382:Transform
1333:Cleansing
814:Open Data
789:Data bank
528:data sets
48:excessive
1514:Security
1504:Scraping
1479:Recovery
1353:Curation
1318:Analysis
1204:Archived
1197:See the
858:Archived
783:See also
745:Archived
565:datasets
457:The NSF
397:—
392:Figshare
363:—
334:—
306:—
277:—
238:TreeBASE
173:TreeBASE
165:Figshare
1524:Storage
1499:Science
1494:Quality
1424:Lineage
1419:Library
1394:Farming
1377:Extract
1363:Editing
1248:DISC-UK
1242:IASSIST
1192:Ariadne
611:DataONE
467:DataONE
459:Datanet
435:PANGAEA
366:Science
357:Science
352:Science
345:Science
234:GenBank
169:GenBank
89:is the
42:Please
34:use of
1444:Mining
1404:Fusion
1129:Nature
1088:Nature
541:server
337:Nature
328:Nature
323:Nature
315:Nature
270:; and
1260:CAPDU
1071:Notes
921:(PDF)
616:Dryad
519:is a
515:, or
433:, or
308:Wiley
242:Dryad
175:, or
161:Dryad
1534:Type
1429:Loss
1387:Load
1297:Data
1254:APDU
1213:See
507:. A
414:The
202:and
200:ATBC
185:here
181:here
177:NCBI
95:data
1372:ELT
1368:ETL
1328:Big
981:doi
537:DVD
503:or
474:DFG
390:or
236:or
211:NB:
126:WWW
50:or
1566::
1190:.
975:.
971:.
548:.
535:-/
533:CD
511:,
429:,
394:.
187:.
171:,
167:,
163:,
1370:/
1289:e
1282:t
1275:v
989:.
983::
977:6
465:(
77:)
71:(
66:)
62:(
58:.
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.