2127:. (Or if i =0 then the series in braces sums to p since it then has p equal terms). As an example, assume that S=60,000 per year and that it is desired to replace R=0.80, or 80%, of pre-retirement living standard for p=30 years. Assume for current purposes that a proportion z =0.25 (25%) of pay was being saved. Using i=0.02, or 2% per year real return on investments, the necessary lump sum is given by the formula as (1-0.25)*0.80*60,000*annuity-series-sum(30)=36,000*22.396=806,272 in the nation's currency in 2008–2010 terms. To allow for inflation in a straightforward way, it is best to talk of the 806,272 as being '13.43 years of retirement age salary'. It may be appropriate to regard this as being the necessary lump sum to fund 36,000 of annual supplements to any employer or government pensions that are available. It is common to not include any house value in the calculation of this necessary lump sum, so for a homeowner the lump sum pays primarily for non-housing living costs.
2426:
activities, retiring from work and later returning to work part-time, and retiring from work and later returning to work full-time. An important note to make from these lifestyle definitions are that four of the six involve working. America is facing an important demographic change in that the Baby Boomer generation is now reaching retirement age. This poses two challenges: whether there will be a sufficient number of skilled workers in the work force, and whether the current pension programs will be sufficient to support the growing number of retired people. The reasons that some people choose to never retire, or to return to work after retiring include not only the difficulty of planning for retirement but also wages and fringe benefits, expenditure of physical and mental energy, production of goods and services, social interaction, and social status may interact to influence an individual's work force participation decision.
1943:
1874:
than men as standard age of entitlement to pension is lower for women compared with men in Italy and the United
Kingdom. The other interesting finding is that retirement depends on household size: heads of large households prefer not to retire. They think that this can be because of the significance of wages in large households compared with smaller ones and insufficiency of pension benefits. Another finding is that health status is significant factor in all early retirements; poor health conditions are especially significant if respondents join to disability benefit scheme. This result is true for both indicators used to express health status (self assessment and objective indicators). This research is similar to Antolin and Scarpetta (1998) and shows similar results extending sample and implications from Germany to OECD.
1908:
2453:
responsibilities. Retirement coincides with deterioration of one's health that correlates with increasing age and this likely plays a major role in increased rates of depression in retirees. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have shown that healthy elderly and retired people are as happy or happier and have an equal quality of life as they age as compared to younger employed adults, therefore retirement in and of itself is not likely to contribute to development of depression. Research around what retirees would ideally like to have a fulfilling life after retiring, found the most important factors were "physical comfort, social integration, contribution, security, autonomy and enjoyment".
1772:
Social
Security's trust funds are expected to be depleted by 2034. Knowledge affects an individual's retirement decisions by simply finding more reliable retirement options such as Individual Retirement Accounts or Employer-Sponsored Plans. In countries around the world, people are much more likely to retire at the early and normal retirement ages of the public pension system (e.g., ages 62 and 65 in the U.S.). This pattern cannot be explained by different financial incentives to retire at these ages since typically retirement benefits at these ages are approximately actuarially fair; that is, the present value of lifetime pension benefits (pension wealth) conditional on retiring at age
2259:
1878:
authority in 2001. For respondents that identified as sick/disabled in 2011, effects of local area unemployment in 2001 were stronger for respondents who had better self-rated health in 2001. The second study used the 1946 Birth Cohort to show that it's not just area unemployment near retirement age that matters for the ages workers retire: higher area unemployment at age 26 was associated with poorer health and lower likelihood of employment at aged 53; and these two individual pathways were identified as the key mediators between area unemployment and retirement age.
2095:
limitation is to, for example, enter "0% return, 0% inflation" inputs into the calculator. The
Bloomberg retirement calculator gives the flexibility to specify, for example, zero inflation and zero investment return and to reproduce the graph above. The MSN retirement calculator in 2011 has as the defaults a realistic 3% per annum inflation rate and optimistic 8% return assumptions; consistency with the December 2011 US nominal bond and inflation-protected bond market rates requires a change to about 3% inflation and 4% investment return before and after retirement.
2239:
2091:, interest does not help the savings grow. Each year of work must pay its share of a year of retirement. For someone planning to work for 40 years and be retired for 20 years, each year of work pays for itself and for half a year of retirement. Hence, 33.33% of pay must be saved, and 66.67% can be spent when earned. After 40 years of saving 33.33% of pay, we have accumulated assets of 13.33 years of pay, as in the graph. In the graph to the right, the lines are straight, which is appropriate given the assumption of a zero real investment return.
1788:
working life in anticipation of earlier retirement. However, many economists have found creative ways to estimate wealth effects on retirement and typically find that they are small. For example, one paper exploits the receipt of an inheritance to measure the effect of wealth shocks on retirement using data from the HRS. The authors find that receiving an inheritance increases the probability of retiring earlier than expected by 4.4 percentage points, or 12 percent relative to the baseline retirement rate, over an eight-year period.
1800:
contribution (DC) pension plans and found that those nearing retirement had only limited exposure to the recent stock market decline and thus are not likely to substantially delay their retirement. At the same time, using data from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), another study estimates that mass layoffs are likely to lead to an increase in retirement almost 50% larger than the decrease brought about by the stock market crash, so that on net retirements are likely to increase in response to the crisis.
6002:
60:
1917:
respondents who answered "excellent" or "very good" to the question about their health in 1992 were still working two years after this interview, compared to 82% of those who answered "good", and 70% of those answered "fair" or "poor". This fact is also true for year 1996: 73% of people from the first group were still on the job market, while this is 66% and 55% for other groups of people. However, Dhaval, Rashad and
Spasojevic (2006) using data from six waves of
887:
2080:
875:
1489:, or Old Age Survivors Insurance (OASI) was age 65 to receive unreduced benefits, it is gradually increasing to age 67 by 2027. Public servants are often not covered by Social Security but have their own pension programs. Police officers in the United States may typically retire at half pay after 20 years of service, or three-quarter pay after 30 years, allowing retirement from the early forties. Military members of the
2067:
investments, assume a constant, unvarying rate of return. Monte Carlo retirement calculators take volatility into account and project the probability that a particular plan of retirement savings, investments, and expenditures will outlast the retiree. Retirement calculators vary in the extent to which they take taxes, social security, pensions, and other sources of retirement income and expenditures into account.
958:, funded by employers or the state. In many poorer countries, there is no support for the elderly beyond that provided through the family. Today, retirement with a pension is considered a right of the worker in many societies; hard ideological, social, cultural and political battles have been fought over whether this is a right. In many Western countries, this is a right embodied in national constitutions.
2076:
yields on United States
Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) are available at the US Treasury site. Current real yields on Canadian 'Real Return Bonds' are available at the Bank of Canada's site. As of December 2011, US Treasury inflation-linked bonds (TIPS) were yielding about 0.8% real per annum for the 30-year maturity and a noteworthy slightly negative real return for the 7-year maturity.
1808:
surveys retirees may be more likely to exaggerate their poor health status to justify their earlier decision to retire. This justification bias, however, is likely to be small. In general, declining health over time, as well as the onset of new health conditions, have been found to be positively related to earlier retirement. Health conditions that can cause someone to retire include
1518:(HRS), first fielded in 1992. The HRS is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of adults in the U.S. ages 51+, conducted every two years, and contains a wealth of information on such topics as labor force participation (e.g., current employment, job history, retirement plans, industry/occupation, pensions, disability), health (e.g., health status and history, health and
943:, although some are forced to retire when bodily conditions no longer allow the person to work any longer (by illness or accident) or as a result of legislation concerning their positions. In most countries, the idea of retirement is of recent origin, being introduced during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Previously, low
1870:
controlling for different variables they found that if individual has chronic health condition, then he tends to retire. Antolin and
Scarpetta (1998) use better measure for health status than Blau and Riphahn (1997), because self-assessed and objective indicators of health status are better measures than chronic health condition.
1526:
frame, design and content. A number of other countries (e.g., Japan, South Korea) also now field HRS-like surveys, and others (e.g., China, India) are currently fielding pilot studies. These data sets have expanded the ability of researchers to examine questions about retirement behavior by adding a cross-national perspective.
1522:, cognition), financial variables (e.g., assets and income, housing, net worth, wills, consumption and savings), family characteristics (e.g., family structure, transfers, parent/child/grandchild/sibling information) and a host of other topics (e.g., expectations, expenses, internet use, risk taking, psychosocial, time use).
2199:. This method has been gaining popularity and is now employed by many financial planners. Monte Carlo retirement calculators allow users to enter savings, income and expense information and run simulations of retirement scenarios. The simulation results show the probability that the retirement plan will be successful.
2395:
The effects of making inflation-adjusted withdrawals from a given starting portfolio can be modeled with a downloadable spreadsheet that uses historical stock market data to estimate likely portfolio returns. Another approach is to employ a retirement calculator that also uses historical stock market
2178:
The result for the necessary z given by (Ret-03) depends critically on the assumptions made. As an example, one might assume that price inflation will be 3.5% per year forever and that one's pay will increase only at that same rate of 3.5%. If a 4.5% per year nominal rate of interest is assumed, then
2098:
Ignoring tax, someone wishing to work for a year and then relax for a year on the same living standard needs to save 50% of pay. Similarly, someone wishing to work from age 25 to 55 and be retired for 30 years till 85 needs to save 50% of pay if government and employment pensions are not a factor and
1959:
Overall, income after retirement can come from state pensions, occupational pensions, private savings and investments (private pension funds, owned housing), donations (e.g., by children), and social benefits. In some countries an additional lump sum is granted, according to the years of work and the
1946:
In the U.S., average balances of retirement accounts, for households having such accounts, exceed median net worth across all age groups. For those 65 and over, 11.6% of retirement accounts have balances of at least $ 1 million, more than twice that of the $ 407,581 average (shown). Those 65 and over
1807:
A great deal of research has examined the effects of health status and health shocks on retirement. It is widely found that individuals in poor health generally retire earlier than those in better health. This does not necessarily imply that poor health status leads people to retire earlier, since in
1803:
More information tells of how many who retire will continue to work, but not in the career they have had for the majority of their life. Job openings will increase in the next 5 years due to retirements of the baby boomer generation. The Over 50 population is actually the fastest growing labor groups
2075:
offered by some governments, including the United States, Canada, and the United
Kingdom. The TIP$ TER retirement calculator projects the retirement expenditures that a portfolio of inflation-linked bonds, coupled with other income sources like Social Security, would be able to sustain. Current real
1932:
models. He uses Health and
Retirement Survey (HRS) for this purpose and finds that physical and mental health has significant effect on becoming employed. Male respondents are more likely to change their status from being not-employed to employed, but being insured has a negative effect on switching
1877:
Murray et al. (2016, 2019) have shown that in the United
Kingdom local labour markets of where workers live effects later life work exit. In the first study, older workers aged 50 to 75 were more likely to exit the workforce over 10 years (years 2011–2011) if they had lived in a more deprived local
1831:
Most people are married when they reach retirement age; thus, spouse's employment status may affect one's decision to retire. On average, husbands are three years older than their wives in the U.S., and spouses often coordinate their retirement decisions. Thus, men are more likely to retire if their
1787:
Greater wealth tends to lead to earlier retirement since wealthier individuals can essentially "purchase" additional leisure. Generally, the effect of wealth on retirement is difficult to estimate empirically since observing greater wealth at older ages may be the result of increased saving over the
979:
Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, humans had an average life expectancy between 26 and 40 years. In consequence, only a small percentage of the population reached
1010:
The standard retirement age varies from country to country but it is generally between 50 and 70 (according to latest statistics, 2011). In some countries this age is different for men and women, although this has recently been challenged in some countries (e.g., Austria), and in some countries the
2385:
described above can be used as a rough gauge, it is often desirable to use a retirement planning tool that accepts detailed input and can render a result that has more precision. Some of these tools model only the retirement phase of the plan while others can model both the savings or accumulation
1873:
Blöndal and Scarpetta (1999) find significant effect of socio-demographic factors on the retirement decision. Men tend to retire later than women as women try to benefit from special early retirement schemes in Germany and the Netherlands. Another reason is that they get access to pensions earlier
2086:
Many individuals use "retirement calculators" on the Internet to determine the proportion of their pay they should be saving in a tax advantaged-plan (e.g., IRA or 401-K in the US, RRSP in Canada, personal pension in the UK, superannuation in Australia). After expenses and any taxes, a reasonable
1771:
Many factors affect people's retirement decisions. Retirement funding education is a big factor that affects the success of an individual's retirement experience. Social Security plays an important role because most individuals solely rely on Social Security as their only retirement option, when
1869:
retirement. The relationship between health status and retirement is significant for both self-assessed and objective indicators of health status. This is similar finding to the previous research of Blau and Riphahn (1997); using individual data from the German Socio-Economic Panel as well, but
1525:
2002 and 2004 saw the introductions of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which includes respondents from 14 continental European countries plus Israel. These surveys were closely modeled after the HRS in the sample
1513:
Recent advances in data collection have vastly improved the ability to understand important relationships between retirement and factors such as health, wealth, employment characteristics and family dynamics, among others. The most prominent study for examining retirement behavior in the United
2452:
On the other hand, many retirees feel restless and suffer from depression as a result of their new situation. The newly retired are one of the most vulnerable social groups to become depressed most likely due to retirement coinciding with a deteriorating health status and increased care-giving
2094:
The graph above can be compared with those generated by many retirement calculators. However, most retirement calculators use nominal (not "real" dollars) and therefore require a projection of both the expected inflation rate and the expected nominal rate of return. One way to work around this
1856:
for analyzing determinants of retirement decision and finds that having more members in the household, and as well as children, has a negative effect on the probability of retirement among older males. This is an intuitive result as males in bigger household with children have to earn more and
1799:
are affecting retirement decisions, with the conventional wisdom saying that fewer people will retire since their savings have been depleted; however recent research suggests that the opposite may happen. Using data from the HRS, researchers examined trends in defined benefit (DB) vs. defined
2066:
For more complicated situations, there are several online retirement calculators on the Internet. Many retirement calculators project how much an investor needs to save, and for how long, to provide a certain level of retirement expenditures. Some retirement calculators, appropriate for safe
1916:
Quinn et al. (1998) find significant correlation between health status and retirement status. They transform answers for question about health status from five levels ("excellent", "very good", "good", "fair" and "poor") into three levels and report results for three groups of people. 85% of
2425:
It has been found that Americans have six lifestyle choices as they age: continuing to work full-time, continuing to work part-time, retiring from work and becoming engaged in a variety of leisure activities, retiring from work and becoming involved in a variety of recreational and leisure
1493:
may elect to retire after 20 years of active duty. Their retirement pay (not a pension since they can be recalled to active duty at any time) is calculated on number of years on active duty, final pay grade and the retirement system in place when they entered service. Members awarded the
2328:, there is a 10% IRS penalty on withdrawals from a retirement plan such as a 401(k) plan or a Traditional IRA. Exceptions apply under certain circumstances. At age 59 and six months, the penalty-free status is achieved and the 10% IRS penalty no longer applies.
3645:(For Average household retirement savings account balance:) Estimates of 401(k), IRA, Keogh and other defined contribution account balances based on 2019 data. Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute. . . . (For median net worth:) Source: Federal Reserve.
2062:
Retirement calculators generally accumulate a proportion of salary up to retirement age. This shows a straightforward case, which nonetheless could be practically useful for optimistic people hoping to work for only as long as they are likely to be retired.
1967:
Provision of state pensions is a significant drain on a government's budget. As life expectancy increases and the health of older people improves with medical advances, the age of entitlement to a pension has been increasing progressively since about 2010.
1971:
Older people are more prone to sickness, and the cost of health care in retirement is large. Most countries provide universal health insurance coverage for seniors, although in the United States many people retire before they become eligible for
2169:
Note that the special case i =0 = i means that the geometric series should be summed by noting that there are p or w identical terms and hence z = p/(w+p). This corresponds to the graph above with the straight line real-terms accumulation.
1881:
Rashad Mehbaliyev (2011) analyzed how different factors related with health, demographics, behavior, financial status, and macroeconomics can affect retirement status in European Union countries for data collected from the SHARE Wave 2 dataset
1864:
and hazard model find that Socio-demographic factors such as health and gender have a strong impact on the retirement decision: women tend to retire earlier than men, and poor health makes people go into retirement, particularly in the case of
1464:
Notes: Parentheses indicate eligibility age for women when different. Sources: Cols. 1–2: OECD Pensions at a Glance (2005), Cols. 3–6: Tabulations from HRS, ELSA and SHARE. Square brackets indicate early retirement for some public employees.
2070:
The assumptions keyed into a retirement calculator are critical. One of the most important assumptions is the assumed rate of real (after inflation) investment return. A conservative return estimate could be based on the real yield of
2218:
and investments to be self-supporting, either indefinitely or until they begin receiving external support. Early retirement can also be used as a euphemistic term for being terminated from employment before typical retirement age.
1762:
Notes: MHAS discontinued in 2003; ELSA numbers exclude institutionalized (nursing homes). Source: Borsch-Supan et al., eds. (November 2008). Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004–2007): Starting the Longitudinal Dimension.
2213:
Retirement is generally considered to be "early" if it occurs before the age (or tenure) needed for eligibility for support and funds from government or employer-provided sources. Early retirees typically rely on their own
1997:
times as much as one's living standard in working life. The working life living standard is one's salary minus the proportion of salary Z that should be saved. Calculations are per unit salary (e.g., assume salary = 1).
3358:"Linking local labour market conditions across the life course to retirement age: Pathways of health, employment status, occupational class and educational achievement, using 60 years of the 1946 British Birth Cohort"
2297:
shows that one would need to live on about 4% of the initial portfolio per year to ensure that the portfolio is not depleted before the end of the retirement; this rule of thumb is a summary of one conclusion of the
2183:) pre-retirement and post-retirement net interest rates will remain the same, i = 0.966 percent per year and i = 0.966 percent per year. These assumptions may be reasonable in view of the market returns available on
2099:
if it is considered appropriate to assume a zero real investment return. The problem that the lifespan is not known in advance can be reduced in some countries by the purchase at retirement of an inflation-indexed
1472:
and there are some requirements to be met such as contributing to the labor market for at least 20 years. Early and normal retirement ages vary according to the date of birth of the person filing for retirement.
1002:
A person may retire at whatever age they please. However, a country's tax laws or state old-age pension rules usually mean that in a given country a certain age is thought of as the standard retirement age. As
1984:
A useful and straightforward calculation can be done if it is assumed that interest, after expenses, taxes, and inflation is zero. Assume that in real (after-inflation) terms, one's salary never changes over
2306:
for details). This allows for increasing the withdrawals with inflation to maintain a consistent spending ability throughout the retirement, and to continue making withdrawals even in dramatic and prolonged
3172:
Coile, Courtney B. and Phillip B. Levine (2009). "The Market Crash and Mass Layoffs: How the Current Economic Crisis May Affect Retirement," presented at NBER Summer Institute Workshop on Aging, 21–25 July
2862:
1911:
Life expectancy in the U.S. substantially exceeds the average retirement age. Those retiring in their sixties are projected to live into their eighties; further, life expectancy increases as one ages.
2392:
reckoned that in 90% of historical markets, a 4% rate would have lasted for at least 30 years, while in 50% of the historical markets, a 4% rate would have been sustained for more than 40 years.
1898:
exists in New Member States, household sizes are bigger in these countries than in Old Member States and males play important role in household income which make them retire less than females."
980:
an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Countries began to adopt government policies on retirement during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in
3156:
How Do Pension Changes Affect Retirement Preparedness? The Trend to Defined Contribution Plans and the Vulnerability of the Retirement Age Population to the Stock Market Decline of 2008–2009
3274:
Blau, D. and R. Riphahn. 1997. “Labor Force Transitions of Older Married Couples in Germany”. Paper presented at International Health and Retirement Surveys Conference, Amsterdam, August.
3134:
Liebman, Jeffrey B., Erzo F.P. Luttmer and David G. Seif (2008). "Labor Supply Responses to Marginal Social Security Benefits: Evidence from Discontinuities." NBER Working Paper No. 14540
1849:
1476:
In France, the retirement age was 60, with full pension entitlement at 65; in 2010 this was extended to 62 and 67 respectively, increasing progressively over the following eight years.
1011:
ages are being brought into line. The table below shows the variation in eligibility ages for public old-age benefits in the United States and many European countries, according to the
3603:
Quinn, J., R. Burkhauser, K. Cahill and R. Weather. 1998. "Microeconometric Analysis of the Retirement Decision: The United States”, OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 203
1780:+1. Nevertheless, a large literature has found that individuals respond significantly to financial incentives relating to retirement (e.g., to discontinuities stemming from the
1007:
increases and more and more people live to an advanced age, in many countries the age at which a pension is awarded has been increased in the 21st century, often progressively.
2456:
Many people in the later years of their lives, due to failing health, require assistance, sometimes in extremely expensive treatments – in some countries – being provided in a
3924:
Cox, H. (2012). Work/retirement choices and lifestyle patterns of older Americans. In L. Loeppke (Ed.), Annual editions: Aging (24th ed., pp. 74–83). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
3485:
3253:
Alba-Ramirez, A. 1997, "Labor Force Participation and Transitions of Older Workers in Spain", Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Working Paper 97-39, Economic series 17, May.
2553:
For example, in the United States, a person holding the rank of general or admiral must retire after 40 years of service unless he or she is reappointed to serve longer. (
936:
Many people choose to retire when they are elderly or incapable of doing their job for health reasons. People may also retire when they are eligible for private or public
3851:
2803:
2345:, a person should consult a lawyer about the use of IRS rule 72 T. This rule must be applied for with the IRS. It allows the distribution of an IRA account prior to age
2248:) from a $ 750,000 portfolio every year for 30 years, starting in 1973 (red line), 1974 (blue line), or 1975 (green line). Results depend heavily on what happens to the
3265:
Antolín, P. and S. Scarpetta. 1998. "Microeconometric Analysis of the Retirement Decision: Germany”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 204, OECD Publishing
3099:
Gustman, Alan and Thomas Steinmeier (2003). "Retirement Effects of Proposals by the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security." NBER Working Paper No. 10030
1924:
Benitez-Silva (2000) analyzes determinants of labor force status and retirement process among elderly US citizens and possibility of decision returning to work using
3933:
Hardy, M. (2006). Older workers. In R. Binstock & L. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (6th ed., pp. 201–218). Boston, MA: Academic Press
3640:
2187:, after expenses and any tax. Equation (Ret-03) is readily coded in Excel and with these assumptions gives the required savings rates in the accompanying picture.
1960:
average pay; this is usually provided by the employer. On a personal level, the rising cost of living during retirement is a serious concern to many older adults.
2866:
1921:(HRS) show that relationship between retirement and health status can imply the opposite effect in reality: physical and mental health decline after retirement.
5145:
2554:
2396:
modeling, but adds provisions for incorporating pensions, other retirement income, and changes in spending that may occur during the course of the retirement.
3356:
Murray, Emily T.; Zaninotto, Paola; Fleischmann, Maria; Stafford, Mai; Carr, Ewan; Shelton, Nicola; Stansfeld, Stephen; Kuh, Diana; Head, Jenny (April 2019).
1505:
Iranian age of retirement was increased much in 2022 and 2023 to 42 years of work insurance payment record to avoid government social security bankruptcy.
933:
is the withdrawal from one's position or occupation or from one's active working life. A person may also semi-retire by reducing work hours or workload.
3283:
Blöndal, S. and S. Scarpetta. 1997. Early retirement in OECD countries: The Role of Social Security Systems, OECD Economic Studies, issue 29, pages 7–54
3621:
Benitez-Silva, H. 2000. "Micro Determinants of Labor Force Status Among Older Americans", SUNY-Stony Brook Department of Economics Working Papers 00-07
1883:
2418:
for charities and other community organizations. Tourism is a common marker of retirement and for some becomes a way of life, such as for so-called
3528:
3143:
Brown, Jeffrey R., Courtney Coile and Scott J. Weisbenner (2006). "The Effect of Inheritance Receipt on Retirement." NBER Working Paper No. 12386
2952:
4131:
2779:
2597:
2286:
has it that one can retire and take 7% or more out of a portfolio year after year, this strategy would not have worked very often in the past.
3612:
Dhaval, D., I. Rashad, and J. Spasojevic. 2006. “The Effects of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes”, NBER Working Paper w12123
2161:
Bring z to the left hand side to give the answer, under this rough and unguaranteed method, for the proportion of pay that should be saved:
961:
An increasing number of individuals are choosing to put off this point of total retirement, by selecting to exist in the emerging state of
3669:
3503:
3296:
Murray, Emily T.; Head, Jenny; Shelton, Nicola; Hagger-Johnson, Gareth; Stansfeld, Stephen; Zaninotto, Paola; Stafford, Mai (June 2016).
2807:
917:
849:
1942:
4983:
4961:
5887:
3195:
Dwyer, Debra and Jianting Hu (2000). "Retirement Expectations and Realizations: the Role of Health Shocks and Economic Factors," in
5731:
5293:
4413:
2111:
To pay for pension, assumed for simplicity to be received at the end of each year, and taking discounted values in the manner of a
3458:
3427:
5912:
3861:
2699:
5783:
5229:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4527:
947:, lack of social security and the absence of pension arrangements meant that most workers continued to work until their death.
3357:
3182:
Dwyer, Debra and Olivia Mitchell (1999). "Health problems as determinants of retirement: Are self-rated measures endogenous?"
2811:
4105:
4084:
2579:
2180:
2088:
5788:
4681:
4163:
3590:
3632:
3567:
2414:, thereby having less frequent contact with their previous social context and adopting a new lifestyle. Often retirees
1933:
job status from “not-employed" to "employed" for people aged 60–62 and insignificant effect for 55–59 and aged over 63.
1907:
1654:
6025:
5200:
4988:
4956:
3468:
1792:
3776:
2410:
Retirement might coincide with important life changes; a retired worker might move to a new location, for example a
1019:
The retirement age in many countries is increasing, often starting in the 2010s and continuing until the late 2020s.
6010:
3154:
3801:
2988:
2557:
Retirement for years of service: regular officers in grades above brigadier general and rear admiral (lower half))
6020:
5100:
1486:
910:
6030:
5793:
5165:
5117:
4388:
4336:
4125:
1716:
2422:. Some retired people even choose to go and live in warmer climates in what is known as retirement migration.
2373:, whichever is the longest time period, without a 10% penalty. Taxes still must be paid on the distributions.
5881:
5773:
5185:
4738:
2775:
2523:
1482:
In Spain it was ruled that the retirement age was to increase from 65 to 67 progressively from 2013 to 2027.
248:
2302:, though the report is more nuanced and the conclusions and very approach have been heavily criticized (see
510:
5962:
5135:
4191:
4135:
1918:
3162:. 11th Annual Joint Conference of the Retirement Research Consortium. Washington, DC: National Press Club.
5947:
5160:
1861:
1515:
859:
79:
69:
33:
2685:
5876:
5758:
5234:
4691:
4383:
4291:
4076:
Planning Your Time in Retirement: How to Cultivate a Leisure Lifestyle to Suit Your Needs and Interests
3687:
3536:
903:
853:
383:
373:
3240:
Gustman, Alan and Thomas Steinmeier (2000). "Retirement in Dual Career Families: A Structural Model."
2966:
2311:. (The 4% figure does not assume any pension or change in spending levels throughout the retirement.)
6040:
6035:
5856:
5530:
5441:
5320:
2933:
263:
2754:
6045:
6015:
5706:
5508:
5267:
5224:
5190:
4696:
4686:
4368:
4156:
3657:
2518:
2478:
1973:
832:
570:
525:
378:
147:
91:
585:
5972:
5851:
5753:
5691:
5503:
5130:
5017:
4951:
4869:
2087:(though arguably pessimistic) long-term assumption for a safe real rate of return is zero. So in
535:
343:
333:
293:
283:
190:
113:
17:
2238:
1479:
In Latvia, the retirement age depends on the date of birth of the person filing for retirement.
5826:
5778:
5748:
5585:
5553:
5543:
5360:
5345:
5325:
5207:
4978:
4973:
4253:
3673:
2289:
Those contemplating early retirement will want to know if they have enough to survive possible
2196:
2184:
2072:
705:
550:
288:
228:
185:
132:
2119:(1 – z ) R S {(1+ i ) +(1+ i ) +... ....+ (1+ i ) } = (1-z ) R S {(1 – (1+i) )/i}
5768:
5763:
5701:
5646:
5595:
5217:
4753:
4726:
4398:
4326:
3027:
Juster, F. Thomas; Suzman, Richard (1995). "An Overview of the Health and Retirement Study".
2513:
1886:) and UN sources. He found that males are less likely to be retired compared with females in
974:
839:
520:
495:
480:
338:
278:
258:
253:
3035:(Special Issue on the Health and Retirement Study: Data Quality and Early Results): S7–S56.
1695:
5836:
5612:
5565:
5385:
5380:
5155:
5150:
5125:
5065:
4909:
4846:
4716:
4631:
4469:
2957:
2493:
2460:. Those who need care, but are not in need of constant assistance, may choose to live in a
2411:
2245:
590:
412:
363:
328:
268:
233:
137:
127:
74:
4064:
RETIREMENT HEIST: How Companies Plunder and Profit from the Nest Eggs of American Workers"
4006:"Healthy ageing from the perspective of older people: A capability approach to resilience"
3121:
Friedberg, Leora (2000). "The Labor Supply Effects of the Social Security Earnings Test."
2258:
1776:
is approximately the same as pension wealth conditional on retiring one year later at age
8:
6066:
5741:
5736:
5674:
5622:
5340:
5308:
5298:
5180:
5170:
4706:
4701:
4522:
4502:
4423:
4343:
4321:
4301:
4149:
3560:
Determinants of Retirement Status: Comparative Evidence from Old and New EU Member States
3409:
Determinants of retirement status: Comparative evidence from old and new EU member states
2283:
816:
625:
447:
388:
313:
303:
273:
200:
108:
2629:
2542:
2275:
planning. Many will exceed their life expectancy, requiring income over a longer period.
485:
5841:
5805:
5669:
5558:
5538:
5411:
5375:
5262:
5244:
5175:
4816:
4676:
4656:
4611:
4512:
4497:
4062:
4041:
3977:
3435:
3388:
3330:
3298:"Local area unemployment, individual health and workforce exit: ONS Longitudinal Study"
3297:
3044:
2704:
1781:
1498:
qualify for a separate stipend. Retirement pay for military members in the reserve and
844:
800:
605:
442:
437:
417:
368:
308:
298:
243:
238:
210:
205:
175:
43:
1894:. He explained that: "The reasons for these results can be the facts that significant
5952:
5932:
5664:
5629:
5461:
5355:
5335:
5254:
5107:
5042:
4721:
4671:
4646:
4606:
4601:
4532:
4378:
4101:
4080:
4033:
4025:
3982:
3964:
3563:
3464:
3380:
3335:
3317:
2508:
2112:
1961:
1891:
1887:
1813:
1499:
985:
954:
Nowadays, most developed countries have systems to provide pensions on retirement in
735:
710:
620:
500:
457:
393:
358:
348:
180:
142:
98:
4045:
3758:
3392:
3376:
660:
5922:
5711:
5679:
5639:
5634:
5431:
5421:
5239:
5070:
5027:
5000:
4995:
4854:
4821:
4811:
4661:
4589:
4393:
4331:
4311:
4296:
4017:
4001:
3972:
3956:
3407:
3372:
3325:
3309:
3036:
2914:
2637:
2605:
2124:
1841:
785:
730:
715:
700:
685:
615:
595:
575:
530:
403:
353:
323:
318:
4093:
3907:
1832:
wives are also retired than if they are still in the labor force, and vice versa.
665:
5982:
5917:
5726:
5696:
5684:
5548:
5446:
5313:
4651:
4418:
4221:
4196:
4186:
4095:
4074:
4021:
2865:(in Latvian). The State Social Insurance Agency. 18 December 2018. Archived from
2833:
2503:
2461:
2382:
2228:
1895:
1796:
1588:
1490:
1004:
944:
879:
790:
755:
720:
655:
580:
565:
452:
427:
422:
398:
170:
165:
5967:
5716:
5617:
5570:
5272:
5085:
5080:
5075:
4931:
4864:
4621:
4579:
4263:
4231:
4005:
3912:
retirement calculator that incorporates inflation, pensions and social security
3586:
2660:
2433:
and occasionally aged parents. For many it gives them more time to devote to a
2386:
phase as well as the retirement phase of the plan. For example, an analysis by
1825:
1821:
1519:
1495:
997:
810:
795:
760:
745:
725:
695:
515:
432:
122:
118:
3960:
3826:
545:
6060:
5942:
5861:
5846:
5831:
5602:
5580:
5486:
5370:
5303:
5277:
5212:
5055:
5012:
5007:
4859:
4743:
4641:
4363:
4216:
4201:
4121:
4029:
3968:
3321:
3210:
2473:
2430:
2419:
2303:
2299:
2208:
2195:
Finally, a newer method for determining the adequacy of a retirement plan is
981:
948:
775:
765:
740:
680:
675:
670:
650:
640:
610:
600:
505:
408:
3944:
3313:
2729:
2267:
life expectancy—expected number of remaining years of life as a function of
59:
5977:
5957:
5937:
5927:
5902:
5656:
5491:
5471:
5456:
5426:
5416:
5195:
5050:
5032:
4968:
4946:
4904:
4894:
4796:
4786:
4758:
4489:
4479:
4306:
4246:
4037:
3986:
3882:
3704:
3384:
3339:
2457:
2415:
2294:
2249:
2100:
1993:
years of pension, one has a living standard that costs a replacement ratio
1809:
962:
891:
805:
750:
645:
635:
630:
555:
103:
5590:
5513:
5481:
4941:
4889:
4507:
4464:
4439:
4408:
4403:
4358:
4283:
4273:
4258:
4211:
3153:
Gustman, Alan; Steinmeier, Thomas; Tabatabai, Jahid (10–11 August 2009).
2598:"The Neolithic Revolution and Contemporary Variations in Life Expectancy"
2498:
2308:
2290:
1853:
1817:
780:
770:
560:
195:
3227:
Blau, David M. (1998). "Labor Force Dynamics of Older Married Couples."
2567:
2153:
To make the accumulation match with the lump sum needed to pay pension:
5800:
5520:
5498:
5466:
5365:
5350:
5330:
5095:
5060:
5022:
4936:
4899:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4791:
4748:
4733:
4711:
4636:
4474:
4454:
4373:
4241:
4236:
4206:
4172:
3108:
Feldstein, Martin and Jeffrey B. Liebman (2002). "Social Security," in
3014:"واکنشی به مصوبه افزایش سن بازنشستگی: ضد کارگریترین قانون معاصر ایران"
2888:
1866:
690:
490:
3428:"The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE): Other"
3048:
5987:
5907:
5721:
5406:
4765:
4666:
4626:
4596:
4517:
4353:
4316:
3589:. U.S. Social Security Administration Office of Chief Actuary. 2020.
1951:
net worth of about $ 250,000 (shown), about a quarter of the group's
540:
471:
51:
4094:
Jamie P. Hopkins; David A. Littell; Kenn Beam Tacchino (July 2015).
3631:
Dagher, Veronica; Tergesen, Anne; Ettenheim, Rosie (31 March 2023).
3013:
2079:
5821:
4884:
4874:
4806:
4801:
4770:
4616:
4571:
4449:
4444:
4348:
4226:
3040:
2359:
in equal amounts of a period of either 5 years or until the age of
2115:
calculation, the ideal lump sum available at retirement should be:
3581:
3579:
3355:
3062:
1566:
5451:
5401:
5140:
5090:
4879:
4584:
4268:
2483:
2446:
2405:
2272:
2157:
z S (((1+i )) – 1)/i = (1-z ) R S (1 – ((1+i )) )/i
955:
940:
937:
3732:
3658:
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2012/59/en/2/EF1259EN.pdf
2148:
2135:
At retirement, the following amount will have been accumulated:
1632:
951:
was the first country to introduce retirement benefits in 1889.
5575:
4923:
4567:
3856:
3576:
3295:
2488:
2388:
2215:
2190:
1929:
1840:
Researchers analyzed factors affecting retirement decisions in
874:
3656:
Eurofound, Income from work after retirement in the EU (2012)
1610:
5436:
4141:
3199:, Mitchell, Olivia, P. Brett Hammond and Anna Rappaport, eds.
2438:
2434:
1925:
3691:
3633:"Here's What Retirement Looks Like in America in Six Charts"
2123:
Above is the standard mathematical formula for the sum of a
5476:
4919:
2863:"Pensijas vecuma paaugstināšana no 62 līdz 65 gadu vecumam"
2442:
1012:
3688:"Retirement calculator – easy, comprehensive, informative"
3152:
2568:
Social Security History, US Social Security Administration
1485:
In the United States, while the normal retirement age for
4459:
1766:
1633:
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
2630:"Natural Selection and the Evolution of Life Expectancy"
1857:
pension benefits will be less than needed for household.
3999:
3630:
2834:"Greece MPs approve new austerity budget amid protests"
2700:"The History of Retirement, From Early Man to A.A.R.P."
5146:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
3894:
2627:
2595:
3827:"Retire Early's Safe Withdrawal Rates in Retirement"
2580:"Britons opt for Pre-tirement over Total Retirement"
2376:
4079:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
3895:
FIRECalc: A different kind of retirement calculator
2679:
4072:
3802:"Dallas News: Breaking News for DFW, Texas, World"
3777:"Dallas News: Breaking News for DFW, Texas, World"
3197:Forecasting Retirement Needs and Retirement Wealth
2139:z S {(1+ i )+(1+ i ) +... ....+ (1+ i )+ 1 }
1696:WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)
29:Point where a person ceases employment permanently
4097:Planning for Retirement Needs, Thirteenth Edition
3415:(Masters). Budapest: Central European University.
2589:
2005:years work, retirement age accumulated savings =
1890:, which is the opposite result than he found for
1884:Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
1791:A great deal of attention has surrounded how the
6058:
3710:
3088:Social Security and Retirement around the World.
2621:
3733:"FIRECalc: Why another retirement calculator?"
3086:Gruber, Jonathan and David Wise, eds. (1999).
2770:
2768:
2244:Portfolio balances after taking $ 35,000 (and
4157:
3943:Lee, Jinkook; Smith, James P. (1 June 2009).
3852:"Five Ways To Protect Your Retirement Income"
2950:
2149:Equate and derive necessary saving proportion
1848:Alba-Ramirez (1997) uses micro data from the
911:
4132:"Economic History of Retirement in the U.S."
3719:The Bogleheads' Guide to Retirement Planning
3624:
3211:"When It Comes to Work, How Old Is Too Old?"
3026:
2191:Monte Carlo: Better allowance for randomness
2165:z = R (1 – ((1+i )) )/i / (Ret-03)
2106:
1717:Chinese Health and Retirement Study (CHARLS)
3759:"Make Sure Your Money Lasts as Long as You"
2798:
2796:
2765:
2429:Often retirees are called upon to care for
1676:Japanese Health and Retirement Study (JHRS)
1611:English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
4164:
4150:
3557:
3456:
3405:
1655:Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)
918:
904:
5888:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
3976:
3329:
3208:
2723:
2721:
2130:
2013:years, necessary savings at retirement =
5732:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
4414:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
3942:
3920:
3918:
3883:http://retireearlyhomepage.com/re60.html
3756:
2793:
2686:"Expectations of Life" by H.O. Lancaster
2399:
1941:
1937:
1906:
1738:Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)
991:
5913:Credentialism and educational inflation
3558:Mehbaliyev, Rashad (14 February 2012).
3457:Mehbaliyev, Rashad (14 February 2012).
3261:
3259:
2857:
2855:
1468:In Denmark, early retirement is called
14:
6059:
5784:List of countries by unemployment rate
3483:
3063:"A SUMMARY OF THE 2021 ANNUAL REPORTS"
2953:"Police and firefighter pension plans"
2931:
2718:
2331:To avoid the 10% penalty prior to age
1767:Factors affecting retirement decisions
4145:
3915:
3705:Online Monte Carlo Retirement Planner
3351:
3349:
3302:The European Journal of Public Health
3291:
3289:
2934:"Spain to Raise Retirement Age to 67"
2804:"Hvornår kan jeg gå på folkepension?"
2727:
1589:Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS)
4682:Practice-based professional learning
4000:Stephens, Christine; Breheny, Mary;
3908:"The Ultimate Retirement Calculator"
3716:
3643:from the original on 31 March 2023.
3256:
2852:
2661:"A millennium of health improvement"
5230:Workers' right to access the toilet
3562:. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
3504:"Determinants of Retirement Status"
3486:"Determinants of Retirement Status"
3463:. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
3123:Review of Economics and Statistics,
2932:Minder, Raphael (27 January 2011).
2915:"Pension rallies hit French cities"
2202:
1860:Antolin and Scarpetta (1998) using
1835:
24:
4055:
3945:"Work, Retirement, and Depression"
3757:Clements, Jonathan (21 May 2006).
3346:
3286:
3215:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health
3209:Chosewood, L. Casey (3 May 2011).
2381:Although the 4% initial portfolio
2078:
25:
6078:
4115:
3690:. 2 February 2011. Archived from
3593:from the original on 8 July 2023.
3460:Determinants of Retirement Status
3425:
2377:Calculations using actual numbers
2222:
2173:
1976:health cover at 65 years of age.
1850:Active Population Survey of Spain
1567:Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
6001:
6000:
5294:Corporate collapses and scandals
2628:Galor, Oded; Moav, Omer (2005).
2596:Galor, Oded; Moav, Omer (2007).
2257:
2237:
1902:
885:
873:
58:
3993:
3936:
3927:
3900:
3888:
3876:
3844:
3819:
3794:
3769:
3750:
3725:
3698:
3680:
3662:
3650:
3615:
3606:
3597:
3551:
3521:
3496:
3477:
3450:
3419:
3399:
3377:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.038
3277:
3268:
3247:
3234:
3221:
3202:
3189:
3176:
3166:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3115:
3102:
3093:
3080:
3055:
3020:
3006:
2981:
2951:Michael Bucci (November 1992).
2944:
2925:
2907:
2881:
2826:
2747:
160:Concepts, theory and techniques
5794:Employment-to-population ratio
5166:Occupational health psychology
4171:
4126:Social Security Administration
3860:. 4 March 2015. Archived from
3672:. 11 June 2007. Archived from
3670:"A SURE BET? (Wealth Manager)"
3484:Production, bücher de IT and.
3029:The Journal of Human Resources
2691:
2653:
2572:
2560:
2547:
2535:
1989:years of working life. During
1979:
1541:Representative year/last wave
13:
1:
5882:Works Progress Administration
5774:Unemployment Convention, 1919
5186:Personal protective equipment
4739:Occupational Outlook Handbook
3473:– via www.morebooks.de.
3365:Social Science & Medicine
3244:, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 503–545
3231:, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 595–629
3186:, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 173–193
2755:"Turpin Distribution. Search"
2730:"Normal retirement age (NRA)"
2529:
2524:Issues in retirement security
1793:Financial crisis of 2007–2008
1782:Social Security earnings test
1502:is based on a point system.
5963:Psychopathy in the workplace
5136:Human factors and ergonomics
4022:10.1080/08870446.2014.904862
3949:Journal of Population Ageing
3110:Handbook of Public Economics
3090:University of Chicago Press.
2759:ebiz.turpin-distribution.com
2144: = z S ((1+i )- 1)/i
1919:Health and Retirement Survey
1508:
7:
5948:Narcissism in the workplace
5161:Occupational exposure limit
4073:Robert A. Stebbins (2013).
3529:"Personal Loans- Law Books"
3406:Mehbaliyev, Rashad (2009).
3184:Journal of Health Economics
2541:"Definition of retirement"
2467:
2314:When retiring prior to age
1862:German Socio-Economic Panel
1516:Health and Retirement Study
34:Retirement (disambiguation)
10:
6083:
5877:Civil Works Administration
5759:Technological unemployment
5235:Workplace health promotion
4692:Professional certification
4389:Personality–job fit theory
4068:, Penguin Publishing, 2011
3242:Journal of Labor Economics
3229:Journal of Labor Economics
2993:myarmybenefits.us.army.mil
2698:Weisman, Mary-Lou (1999),
2403:
2226:
2206:
2059:= 35.78% should be saved.
995:
972:
968:
31:
5996:
5895:
5857:Guaranteed minimum income
5814:
5655:
5529:
5442:Organizational commitment
5394:
5286:
5253:
5116:
5041:
4918:
4845:
4779:
4566:
4488:
4432:
4282:
4179:
3961:10.1007/s12062-010-9018-0
3125:Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 48–63
2697:
2107:Size of lump sum required
2009:. To pay for pension for
1547:Sample size: individuals
6026:Aspects of organizations
5707:Involuntary unemployment
5268:Equal pay for equal work
5191:Repetitive strain injury
4697:Professional development
4687:Professional association
4369:Letter of recommendation
4122:"Historical Development"
3885:downloadable spreadsheet
3508:libreriauniversitaria.it
3112:, Vol. 4, Elsevier Press
2519:Asset/liability modeling
2479:Downshifting (lifestyle)
2293:. The history of the US
1964:play an important role.
1544:Sample size: households
148:JEL classification codes
6011:Aspects of corporations
5973:Slow movement (culture)
5852:Employer of last resort
5754:Structural unemployment
5692:Frictional unemployment
5131:Epilepsy and employment
5018:Performance-related pay
4952:National average salary
4870:996 working hour system
4138:, Rock Island, Illinois
4010:Psychology & Health
3831:retireearlyhomepage.com
3763:The Wall Street Journal
3637:The Wall Street Journal
2566:"The German Precedent"
2252:in the first few years.
2246:adjusting for inflation
2185:inflation-indexed bonds
2073:Inflation-indexed bonds
334:Industrial organization
191:Computational economics
6021:Aspects of occupations
5827:Unemployment insurance
5779:Unemployment extension
5749:Reserve army of labour
5554:Constructive dismissal
5361:Sleeping while on duty
5326:Exploitation of labour
5208:Sick building syndrome
4384:Person–environment fit
4254:Independent contractor
3587:"Actuarial Life Table"
2197:Monte Carlo simulation
2179:(using 1.045/1.035 in
2131:Size of lump sum saved
2083:
1956:
1912:
1514:States is the ongoing
1032:Normal retirement age
186:Experimental economics
6031:Aspects of workplaces
5769:Unemployment benefits
5764:Types of unemployment
5702:Graduate unemployment
5596:Letter of resignation
5225:Workers' compensation
5218:Occupational fatality
4727:Vocational university
4327:Employment counsellor
3721:. Wiley. p. 213.
3314:10.1093/eurpub/ckw005
3217:. Medscape and NIOSH.
2514:Retirement spend down
2400:Life after retirement
2227:Further information:
2082:
2055:= 0.65, a proportion
1945:
1938:Saving for retirement
1910:
1029:Early retirement age
992:In specific countries
975:History of retirement
5837:Job creation program
5613:Mandatory retirement
5566:Employee offboarding
5386:Workplace incivility
5381:Workplace harassment
5156:Occupational disease
5151:Occupational burnout
5066:Disability insurance
4910:Workweek and weekend
4717:Vocational education
4632:Continuing education
4470:Permanent employment
4100:. American College.
2965:(11). Archived from
2958:Monthly Labor Review
2494:Mandatory retirement
2412:retirement community
2031:) and solve to give
1784:or the tax system).
413:Social choice theory
32:For other uses, see
5742:Recession-proof job
5737:Lists of recessions
5675:Economic depression
5623:Retirement planning
5504:Work–life interface
5341:Employee monitoring
5309:Corporate behaviour
5299:Accounting scandals
5181:Occupational stress
5171:Occupational injury
4707:Reflective practice
4702:Professional school
4424:Work-at-home scheme
4344:Induction programme
4322:Employment contract
4302:Business networking
4061:Schultz, Ellen E.,
3694:on 2 February 2011.
2921:. 7 September 2010.
2284:conventional wisdom
2043:). For example, if
880:Business portal
201:Operations research
181:National accounting
6005:See also templates
5842:Job creation index
5806:Youth unemployment
5670:Discouraged worker
5559:Wrongful dismissal
5539:At-will employment
5412:Civil conscription
5376:Workplace bullying
5263:Affirmative action
5245:Workplace wellness
5176:Occupational noise
4817:Long service leave
4677:Overspecialization
4657:Induction training
4612:Career development
3717:Larimore, Taylor.
3438:on 18 January 2017
2938:The New York Times
2895:. 15 November 2023
2840:. 12 November 2012
2705:The New York Times
2667:. 27 December 1998
2084:
1957:
1913:
211:Industrial complex
206:Middle income trap
6054:
6053:
5953:Post-work society
5933:Kiss up kick down
5665:Barriers to entry
5630:Severance package
5462:Human trafficking
5356:Sexual harassment
5336:Employee handbook
5255:Equal opportunity
5118:Safety and health
5108:Take-home vehicle
4722:Vocational school
4672:Lifelong learning
4647:Further education
4607:Career counseling
4602:Career assessment
4379:Overqualification
4136:Augustana College
4107:978-1-58293-230-9
4086:978-1-4422-2160-4
4002:Mansvelt, Juliana
3432:share-project.org
3016:. 4 January 2024.
2509:Parental dividend
2273:retirement income
2113:net present value
1962:Health care costs
1892:Old Member States
1888:New Member States
1814:diabetes mellitus
1760:
1759:
1500:US National Guard
1462:
1461:
986:Otto von Bismarck
928:
927:
16:(Redirected from
6074:
6041:Critique of work
6036:Corporate titles
6004:
6003:
5923:Evil corporation
5789:Employment rates
5712:Jobless recovery
5680:Great Depression
5640:Golden parachute
5635:Golden handshake
5432:Job satisfaction
5422:Critique of work
5240:Workplace phobia
5071:Health insurance
5028:Wage compression
4996:Progressive wage
4855:35-hour workweek
4822:No call, no show
4812:Leave of absence
4662:Knowledge worker
4590:Master craftsman
4394:Personality hire
4332:Executive search
4312:Curriculum vitae
4297:Background check
4166:
4159:
4152:
4143:
4142:
4111:
4090:
4050:
4049:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3913:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3676:on 11 June 2007.
3666:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3583:
3574:
3573:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3535:. Archived from
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3434:. Archived from
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3293:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3254:
3251:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3206:
3200:
3193:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3091:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2969:on 11 April 2008
2948:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2859:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2810:. Archived from
2800:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2638:Brown University
2634:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2606:Brown University
2602:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2543:Merriam Websters
2539:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2261:
2241:
2203:Early retirement
2125:geometric series
1842:EU member states
1836:EU member states
1709:Est. 5,000/1,000
1538:Eligibility age
1529:
1528:
1041:Employed, 65–69
1038:Employed, 60–64
1035:Employed, 55–59
1023:
1022:
920:
913:
906:
892:Money portal
890:
889:
888:
878:
877:
374:Natural resource
166:Economic systems
62:
39:
38:
21:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6046:Organized labor
6016:Aspects of jobs
5992:
5983:Toxic workplace
5918:Emotional labor
5891:
5815:Public programs
5810:
5727:Great Recession
5697:Full employment
5685:Long Depression
5651:
5549:Banishment room
5525:
5447:Refusal of work
5390:
5314:Corporate crime
5282:
5249:
5112:
5037:
4914:
4841:
4775:
4652:Graduate school
4562:
4484:
4428:
4419:Underemployment
4278:
4222:Self-employment
4197:Contingent work
4187:Academic tenure
4180:Classifications
4175:
4170:
4130:Short, Joanna,
4118:
4108:
4087:
4058:
4056:Further reading
4053:
4004:(3 June 2015).
3998:
3994:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3864:on 6 March 2015
3850:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3715:
3711:
3703:
3699:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3655:
3651:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3539:on 27 June 2013
3533:lawbooks.com.au
3527:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3360:
3354:
3347:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3239:
3235:
3226:
3222:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3190:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3120:
3116:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3025:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2949:
2945:
2930:
2926:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2889:"Efterløn 2024"
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2869:on 25 June 2018
2861:
2860:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2776:"Efterløn 2018"
2774:
2773:
2766:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2726:
2719:
2710:
2708:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2504:Social security
2470:
2462:retirement home
2408:
2402:
2383:withdrawal rate
2379:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2231:
2229:Withdrawal rate
2225:
2211:
2205:
2193:
2176:
2151:
2133:
2109:
1982:
1940:
1905:
1896:gender wage gap
1838:
1797:Great Recession
1795:and subsequent
1769:
1511:
1491:US Armed Forces
1487:Social Security
1394:United Kingdom
1005:life expectancy
1000:
994:
977:
971:
945:life expectancy
924:
886:
884:
872:
865:
864:
835:
825:
824:
823:
822:
586:von Böhm-Bawerk
474:
463:
462:
224:
216:
215:
171:Economic growth
161:
153:
152:
94:
92:classifications
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6080:
6070:
6069:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6006:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5968:Sunday scaries
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5719:
5717:Phillips curve
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5618:Retirement age
5615:
5605:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5571:Exit interview
5568:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5541:
5535:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5321:Discrimination
5318:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5273:Gender pay gap
5270:
5265:
5259:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5093:
5088:
5086:Parental leave
5083:
5081:Marriage leave
5078:
5076:Life insurance
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4932:Income bracket
4928:
4926:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4865:Eight-hour day
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4624:
4622:Creative class
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4582:
4580:Apprenticeship
4576:
4574:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4548:Scarlet-collar
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:Temporary work
4261:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4232:Skilled worker
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4169:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4134:, 2010-02-01,
4128:
4117:
4116:External links
4114:
4113:
4112:
4106:
4091:
4085:
4070:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4016:(6): 715–731.
3992:
3935:
3926:
3914:
3899:
3887:
3875:
3843:
3818:
3806:dallasnews.com
3793:
3781:dallasnews.com
3768:
3749:
3724:
3709:
3697:
3679:
3661:
3649:
3623:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3575:
3569:978-3848407804
3568:
3550:
3520:
3495:
3490:www.buecher.de
3476:
3469:
3449:
3418:
3398:
3345:
3308:(3): 463–469.
3285:
3276:
3267:
3255:
3246:
3233:
3220:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3165:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3092:
3079:
3054:
3041:10.2307/146277
3019:
3005:
2980:
2943:
2924:
2906:
2880:
2851:
2825:
2792:
2764:
2746:
2717:
2690:
2678:
2652:
2620:
2588:
2571:
2559:
2546:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2466:
2401:
2398:
2378:
2375:
2263:
2256:
2255:
2243:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2223:Savings needed
2221:
2204:
2201:
2192:
2189:
2175:
2174:Sample results
2172:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2105:
2019:Equate these:
1981:
1978:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1922:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1858:
1837:
1834:
1826:hyperlipidemia
1822:joint diseases
1768:
1765:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1520:life insurance
1510:
1507:
1496:Medal of Honor
1460:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:United States
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:Employed, 70+
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
998:Retirement age
996:Main article:
993:
990:
973:Main article:
970:
967:
926:
925:
923:
922:
915:
908:
900:
897:
896:
895:
894:
882:
867:
866:
863:
862:
857:
847:
842:
836:
831:
830:
827:
826:
821:
820:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
477:
476:
475:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
379:Organizational
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
225:
223:By application
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
116:
111:
106:
101:
95:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
82:
77:
72:
64:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6079:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6008:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5943:Make-work job
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5862:Right to work
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5847:Job guarantee
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5832:Make-work job
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5603:Restructuring
5601:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:Notice period
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5487:Unfree labour
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5457:Bonded labour
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5371:Whistleblower
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5304:Control fraud
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5278:Glass ceiling
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5213:Work accident
5211:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5201:United States
5199:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5101:United States
5099:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5056:Casual Friday
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Paid time off
5011:
5009:
5008:Overtime rate
5006:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4989:United States
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Four-day week
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:Practice firm
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4642:Employability
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4543:Orange-collar
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4490:Working class
4487:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:Job interview
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:Part-time job
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Full-time job
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4109:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3930:
3921:
3919:
3909:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3879:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3470:9783848407804
3466:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3411:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3260:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3230:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3179:
3169:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3140:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3111:
3105:
3096:
3089:
3083:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3015:
3009:
2994:
2990:
2989:"Retired Pay"
2984:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2814:on 1 May 2018
2813:
2809:
2806:(in Danish).
2805:
2799:
2797:
2781:
2778:(in Danish).
2777:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2682:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2641:
2640:Working Paper
2639:
2631:
2624:
2609:
2608:Working Paper
2607:
2599:
2592:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Simple living
2472:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2431:grandchildren
2427:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2374:
2329:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2304:Trinity study
2301:
2300:Trinity study
2296:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2217:
2210:
2209:FIRE movement
2200:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2171:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1903:United States
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1006:
999:
989:
987:
983:
976:
966:
964:
959:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
939:
934:
932:
921:
916:
914:
909:
907:
902:
901:
899:
898:
893:
883:
881:
876:
871:
870:
869:
868:
861:
858:
855:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
834:
829:
828:
819:
818:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
481:de Mandeville
479:
478:
473:
467:
466:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
410:
409:Public choice
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
384:Participation
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
344:Institutional
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
294:Expeditionary
292:
290:
287:
285:
284:Environmental
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
220:
219:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
157:
156:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
120:
117:
115:
114:International
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:Branches and
87:
86:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
35:
27:
19:
5978:Toxic leader
5958:Presenteeism
5938:Labor rights
5928:Going postal
5903:Bullshit job
5886:
5871:
5866:
5657:Unemployment
5607:
5509:Downshifting
5492:Wage slavery
5472:Penal labour
5427:Dead-end job
5417:Conscription
5196:Right to sit
5051:Annual leave
5033:Working poor
4969:Minimum wage
4947:Maximum wage
4905:Working time
4895:Six-hour day
4797:Career break
4759:Professional
4553:Black-collar
4523:White-collar
4503:Green-collar
4480:Volunteering
4317:Drug testing
4307:Cover letter
4247:Tradesperson
4096:
4075:
4067:
4063:
4013:
4009:
3995:
3955:(1): 57–71.
3952:
3948:
3938:
3929:
3902:
3890:
3878:
3866:. Retrieved
3862:the original
3855:
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3830:
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3780:
3771:
3762:
3752:
3740:. Retrieved
3737:firecalc.com
3736:
3727:
3718:
3712:
3700:
3692:the original
3682:
3674:the original
3664:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3626:
3617:
3608:
3599:
3559:
3553:
3541:. Retrieved
3537:the original
3532:
3523:
3511:. Retrieved
3507:
3498:
3489:
3479:
3459:
3452:
3440:. Retrieved
3436:the original
3431:
3421:
3408:
3401:
3368:
3364:
3305:
3301:
3279:
3270:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3223:
3214:
3204:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3070:. Retrieved
3066:
3057:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2992:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2967:the original
2962:
2956:
2946:
2937:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2892:
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2867:the original
2842:. Retrieved
2837:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2812:the original
2783:. Retrieved
2758:
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2733:
2709:, retrieved
2703:
2693:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2664:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2636:
2623:
2613:12 September
2611:. Retrieved
2604:
2591:
2574:
2562:
2549:
2537:
2458:nursing home
2455:
2451:
2428:
2424:
2409:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2330:
2313:
2309:bear markets
2295:stock market
2291:bear markets
2288:
2281:
2271:—is used in
2268:
2264:
2250:stock market
2212:
2194:
2177:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2101:life annuity
2097:
2093:
2085:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1955:(not shown).
1952:
1948:
1839:
1830:
1810:hypertension
1806:
1802:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1761:
1690:Est. 10,000
1524:
1512:
1504:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1348:Switzerland
1256:Netherlands
1018:
1017:
1009:
1001:
978:
963:pre-tirement
960:
953:
935:
930:
929:
850:Publications
815:
438:Sociological
411: /
309:Geographical
289:Evolutionary
264:Digitization
229:Agricultural
133:Mathematical
104:Econometrics
26:
5867:Historical:
5591:Resignation
5531:Termination
5514:Slow living
5482:Truck wages
5467:Labour camp
5395:Willingness
5287:Infractions
4942:Living wage
4890:Remote work
4558:Gold-collar
4513:Pink-collar
4508:Grey-collar
4498:Blue-collar
4465:Labour hire
4440:Cooperative
4404:Recruitment
4359:Job hunting
4292:Application
4274:Wage labour
4259:Labour hire
4212:Job sharing
3371:: 113–122.
3067:www.ssa.gov
2899:16 November
2728:SueKunkel.
2711:23 December
2499:Gerontology
2420:grey nomads
2269:current age
2001:Then after
1980:Calculators
1854:logit model
1818:sleep apnea
1804:in the US.
1752:Est. 2,000
1733:Est. 2,700
1535:First wave
686:von Neumann
339:Information
279:Engineering
259:Development
254:Demographic
196:Game theory
138:Methodology
6067:Retirement
5801:Wage curve
5608:Retirement
5521:Workaholic
5499:Work ethic
5366:Wage theft
5351:Labour law
5346:Evaluation
5331:Dress code
5096:Sick leave
5061:Child care
5023:Salary cap
4937:Income tax
4900:Shift work
4837:Time clock
4832:Sick leave
4827:Sabbatical
4792:Break room
4780:Attendance
4749:Profession
4734:Mentorship
4712:Retraining
4637:E-learning
4533:New-collar
4528:Red-collar
4475:Supervisor
4455:Internship
4374:Onboarding
4242:Technician
4237:Journeyman
4207:Gig worker
4173:Employment
3836:16 January
3811:16 January
3786:16 January
3742:16 January
3543:16 January
3513:16 January
3442:16 January
2893:Seniorfolk
2844:16 January
2780:Ældresagen
2739:16 January
2671:4 November
2645:4 November
2555:10 USC 636
2530:References
2404:See also:
2207:See also:
2181:real terms
2089:real terms
1867:disability
1741:pilot 2009
1730:Est. 1,500
1721:pilot 2008
931:Retirement
845:Economists
716:Schumacher
621:Schumpeter
591:von Wieser
511:von Thünen
472:economists
448:Statistics
443:Solidarity
364:Managerial
329:Humanistic
324:Historical
269:Ecological
234:Behavioral
128:Mainstream
5988:Workhouse
5908:Busy work
5722:Recession
5586:Pink slip
5544:Dismissal
5407:Careerism
5001:Singapore
4979:Hong Kong
4847:Schedules
4766:Tradesman
4667:Licensure
4627:Education
4597:Avocation
4538:No-collar
4518:Precariat
4399:Probation
4354:Job fraud
4030:0887-0446
3969:1874-7876
3322:1101-1262
2808:borger.dk
2416:volunteer
2265:Remaining
2051:= 30 and
1703:50+/18–49
1509:Data sets
1371:Thailand
1351:63 (61),
1118:Denmark
1095:Cambodia
761:Greenspan
726:Samuelson
706:Galbraith
676:Tinbergen
616:von Mises
611:Heckscher
571:Edgeworth
389:Personnel
349:Knowledge
314:Happiness
304:Financial
274:Education
249:Democracy
143:Political
109:Heterodox
52:Economics
6061:Category
5896:See also
5822:Workfare
5647:Turnover
5043:Benefits
4924:salaries
4885:Overtime
4875:Flextime
4807:Gap year
4802:Furlough
4771:Vocation
4754:Operator
4617:Coaching
4572:training
4450:Employer
4445:Employee
4349:Job fair
4227:Side job
4046:24424011
4038:24678916
3987:23687521
3641:Archived
3591:Archived
3393:73725800
3385:30852391
3340:26922299
3072:28 March
2973:3 August
2919:BBC News
2873:30 April
2838:BBC News
2818:30 April
2785:30 April
2688:(page 8)
2665:BBC News
2468:See also
2441:such as
1974:Medicare
1470:efterløn
1233:Latvia
1164:Germany
1141:France
1072:Belgium
1049:Austria
1026:Country
941:benefits
854:journals
840:Glossary
791:Stiglitz
756:Rothbard
736:Buchanan
721:Friedman
711:Koopmans
701:Leontief
681:Robinson
566:Marshall
470:Notable
418:Regional
394:Planning
369:Monetary
299:Feminist
244:Cultural
239:Business
44:a series
42:Part of
5872:U.S.A.:
5477:Peonage
5452:Slavery
5402:Boreout
5141:Karoshi
5091:Pension
4880:On-call
4585:Artisan
4269:Laborer
3978:3655414
3868:9 March
3426:SHARE.
3331:4884329
2998:26 June
2734:ssa.gov
2484:Pension
2447:sailing
2406:Retiree
2368:⁄
2354:⁄
2340:⁄
2323:⁄
2216:savings
2015:Rp(1-Z)
1953:average
1947:have a
1671:10,254
1649:32,442
1605:13,497
1583:18,469
1354:65 (64)
1325:Sweden
1302:Spain
1279:Norway
1262:65 (67)
1187:Greece
1055:65 (60)
1052:60 (57)
982:Germany
969:History
956:old age
949:Germany
938:pension
860:Schools
852: (
811:Piketty
806:Krugman
671:Kuznets
661:Kalecki
636:Polanyi
526:Cournot
521:Bastiat
506:Ricardo
496:Malthus
486:Quesnay
458:Welfare
428:Service
99:Applied
75:Outline
70:History
18:Retired
5576:Layoff
5126:Crunch
4984:Europe
4974:Canada
4962:Europe
4568:Career
4409:Résumé
4284:Hiring
4192:Casual
4104:
4083:
4044:
4036:
4028:
3985:
3975:
3967:
3857:Forbes
3566:
3467:
3391:
3383:
3338:
3328:
3320:
3049:146277
3047:
2489:Ageing
2389:Forbes
2282:While
2047:= 35,
2041:w + Rp
1949:median
1930:probit
1824:, and
1646:22,255
1627:9,718
1580:12,288
1532:Study
1440:Kenya
1210:Italy
984:under
796:Thaler
776:Ostrom
771:Becker
766:Sowell
746:Baumol
651:Myrdal
646:Sraffa
641:Frisch
631:Knight
626:Keynes
601:Fisher
596:Veblen
581:Pareto
561:Menger
556:George
551:Jevons
546:Walras
536:Gossen
404:Public
399:Policy
354:Labour
319:Health
176:Market
5437:McJob
4957:World
4920:Wages
4787:Break
4433:Roles
4042:S2CID
3413:(PDF)
3389:S2CID
3361:(PDF)
3173:2009.
3160:(PDF)
3045:JSTOR
2633:(PDF)
2601:(PDF)
2583:(PDF)
2439:sport
2435:hobby
1926:logit
1682:45–75
1668:6,171
1624:6,484
1602:8,614
1239:63–65
1124:65–68
1121:60–65
833:Lists
801:Hoppe
786:Lucas
751:Solow
741:Arrow
731:Simon
696:Lange
691:Hicks
666:Röpke
656:Hayek
606:Pigou
576:Clark
491:Smith
453:Urban
433:Socio
423:Rural
123:Macro
119:Micro
80:Index
4922:and
4570:and
4337:list
4102:ISBN
4081:ISBN
4034:PMID
4026:ISSN
3983:PMID
3965:ISSN
3870:2015
3838:2017
3813:2017
3788:2017
3744:2017
3564:ISBN
3545:2017
3515:2017
3465:ISBN
3444:2017
3381:PMID
3336:PMID
3318:ISSN
3074:2022
3000:2022
2975:2007
2901:2023
2875:2018
2846:2017
2820:2018
2787:2018
2741:2017
2713:2016
2673:2010
2647:2010
2615:2010
2443:golf
1928:and
1852:and
1747:2009
1727:2008
1706:2007
1700:2007
1685:2007
1679:2007
1665:2006
1659:2006
1643:2006
1637:2004
1621:2006
1615:2002
1599:2003
1593:2001
1577:2006
1571:1992
1236:none
1013:OECD
817:more
541:Marx
531:Mill
516:List
4460:Job
4018:doi
3973:PMC
3957:doi
3373:doi
3369:226
3326:PMC
3310:doi
3037:doi
2963:115
2445:or
2437:or
2039:/ (
2029:1-Z
1744:45+
1724:45+
1662:45+
1640:50+
1618:50+
1596:50+
1574:51+
1458:5%
1455:20%
1452:43%
1449:66%
1435:5%
1432:20%
1429:43%
1426:66%
1412:2%
1409:10%
1406:40%
1403:69%
1366:2%
1360:46%
1357:77%
1343:1%
1337:58%
1334:78%
1320:0%
1314:22%
1311:46%
1297:1%
1291:33%
1288:74%
1274:0%
1268:22%
1265:53%
1228:0%
1222:12%
1219:26%
1205:0%
1199:18%
1196:65%
1182:0%
1176:23%
1173:61%
1159:0%
1153:12%
1150:51%
1136:3%
1130:35%
1127:77%
1113:0%
1104:16%
1090:0%
1084:12%
1081:45%
1067:0%
1058:39%
781:Sen
501:Say
359:Law
6063::
4124:,
4040:.
4032:.
4024:.
4014:30
4012:.
4008:.
3981:.
3971:.
3963:.
3951:.
3947:.
3917:^
3854:.
3829:.
3804:.
3779:.
3761:.
3735:.
3639:.
3635:.
3578:^
3531:.
3506:.
3488:.
3430:.
3387:.
3379:.
3367:.
3363:.
3348:^
3334:.
3324:.
3316:.
3306:26
3304:.
3300:.
3288:^
3258:^
3213:.
3065:.
3043:.
3033:30
3031:.
2991:.
2961:.
2955:.
2936:.
2917:.
2891:.
2854:^
2836:.
2795:^
2767:^
2757:.
2732:.
2720:^
2702:,
2663:.
2635:.
2603:.
2464:.
2449:.
2361:59
2347:59
2333:59
2316:59
2103:.
2037:Rp
2035:=
2025:Rp
2023:=
2021:wZ
2007:wZ
1844::
1828:.
1820:,
1816:,
1812:,
1446:55
1443:50
1423:67
1420:62
1400:68
1397:65
1389:?
1377:60
1374:50
1363:7%
1340:5%
1331:65
1328:61
1317:0%
1308:65
1305:60
1294:7%
1285:67
1282:62
1271:3%
1259:60
1251:?
1225:1%
1216:67
1213:57
1202:4%
1193:67
1190:58
1179:3%
1170:67
1167:65
1156:1%
1147:65
1144:62
1133:9%
1110:0%
1107:1%
1101:55
1098:50
1087:1%
1078:65
1075:60
1064:1%
1061:7%
1015:.
988:.
965:.
121:/
46:on
4165:e
4158:t
4151:v
4110:.
4089:.
4048:.
4020::
3989:.
3959::
3953:2
3910:.
3897:.
3872:.
3840:.
3815:.
3790:.
3765:.
3746:.
3707:.
3572:.
3547:.
3517:.
3492:.
3446:.
3395:.
3375::
3342:.
3312::
3076:.
3051:.
3039::
3002:.
2977:.
2940:.
2903:.
2877:.
2848:.
2822:.
2789:.
2761:.
2743:.
2675:.
2649:.
2617:.
2585:.
2370:2
2366:1
2363:+
2356:2
2352:1
2349:+
2342:2
2338:1
2335:+
2325:2
2321:1
2318:+
2057:Z
2053:R
2049:p
2045:w
2033:Z
2027:(
2011:p
2003:w
1995:R
1991:p
1987:w
1882:(
1778:a
1774:a
1386:?
1383:?
1380:?
1248:?
1245:?
1242:?
919:e
912:t
905:v
856:)
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.