595:. However, both parties were dissatisfied with Walworth's 770-page report, which he issued in December 1851. Pittsburgh was disappointed that Walworth refused to order the bridge removed. Virginia and Ohio interests complained because he found the waterway obstructed and recommended raising the bridge an additional 20 feet—which would cause enormous technical difficulties and additional cost. However, after reviewing both parties' exceptions, receiving another report from McAlpine and hearing more argument on February 23 and 24, the U.S. Supreme Court also refused to order the bridge removed, but instead amended the new required height to 111 feet. However, the bridge then disintegrated during a May 1854 windstorm and was rebuilt in eight weeks despite an injunction against such by Justice Grier (hence the 1856 litigation). Nonetheless, Walworth's report undergirded the Court's decisions in both 1852 as well as 1856 (the latter decision also relying on additional federal legislation). Completion of the B&O Railroad to Wheeling, and competition from a new steamboat line connection Wheeling with Louisville proved fatal to both steamboat companies, who soon dismantled their ships or sold them downriver for the Mississippi trade. Furthermore, additional bridges across the Ohio River were proposed for
703:
War, he failed to receive a deferment from conscription, but secured a staff position in 1863, only to be imprisoned for three months in
Capitol Prison as a suspected Confederate spy in 1864, before being released on orders of Gen. Fremont but restricted to the Saratoga Springs vicinity. To his father's dismay, Mansfield Walworth regularly abused his wife. In 1873 their son Francis Hardin "Frank" Walworth (1853-1883), invited his father to a New York City hotel room, then shot him four times, killing him. The trial caused a sensation, his lawyers arguing for acquittal by reason of insanity and the judge allowed Mansfield's abusive letters to his wife into evidence. Convicted of a lesser charge, his mother secured his release in 1877.
580:(supposedly in a private capacity but who had denied Pennsylvania's request for his federal office's assistance)), among others. They argued the bridge helped the U.S. mails (delayed during ice and high and low water periods), connected military outposts, and that the public had a right to cross the river. Crucial to the equity required for the sought-after injunction, they argued, Pennsylvania had delayed two years while the bridge was under construction, as well as failed to prove irremediable injury (because technology also existed to lower steamboat smokestacks, as was necessary to use a downriver canal near
417:. He attained the rank of colonel and headed the division's judge advocate general corps by the war's end. His youngest brother Hiram Walworth (1799-1870) distinguished himself in the battle for the Saranac bridge in that war, and would later become a lawyer and serve for many years under their brother John in New York City. A midshipman in that battle, Charles Theodore Platt, would later become his brother-in-law. Their father also died in 1812, killed by one of his horses; his mother would survive another 25 years, cared for by family in upstate New York.
273:
260:
1183:
infer from his address to the bar soon after taking office. With
Democratic simplicity or frank humility, he said: "Brought up a farmer till the age of seventeen, deprived of all advantages of a classical education, and with very limited knowledge of chancery law, I find myself, at the age of thirty-eight, suddenly and unexpectedly placed at the head of the justices of the State, a situation which has heretofore been filled by the most able and experienced member of the profession."
584:. After Justice Grier held a hearing in Philadelphia on August 16, 1849, on August 30 he refused the requested injunction to remove the bridge. Instead, he referred the matter to the full court. That heard argument on February 25, 1850, reviewed extensive depositions (361 printed pages) and then on May 29, 1850, Justice Nelson (over a dissent by Justice
394:, the Clinton County county seat and where his eldest brother Major John Walsworth served as clerk of the court. In 1811 Reuben Walworth was appointed a master of chancery, one of the local judges and whose particular responsibilities included overseeing and protecting widows and orphans, as well as issuing injunctions against nuisances.
702:
became a novelist. In 1852 he married his stepsister, and had several children. Mansfield
Walworth never completed the legal history his father wanted, but instead wrote lurid novels, and was ultimately disinherited by his father in favor of his wife/step-sister and progeny. During the American Civil
657:
Walworth married twice. On
January 16, 1812, Reuben Walworth married Maria Ketchum Averill (1795–1847). They had four daughters and two sons. Both sons initially became lawyers and then writers, but also created widely different scandals of their era, as discussed below. After mourning Maria's death
1018:
Monroe p. 126 et seq. This part of the litigation ended with a fizzle, as
Pennsylvania moved to enforce the court's order in February 1853, but failed to show for the hearing, so the court dismissed the case. Monroe p. 149. The Bridge company also returned to court to request areview and retaxation
812:
Soon after his marriage
Benjamin sold out his interest in Bozrah . In February 1793, he moved to Hoosick NY where he was both farmer and mill owner. Benjamin Walworth died there February 26, 1812, having been killed by the kick of a horse which he unluckily struck with a riding whip just as he was
760:
were named for him. His stepdaughter inherited the family mansion, Pine Grove, which the
Chancellor had expanded to 55 rooms (including a courtroom). It survived a century, but was torn down after his granddaughter died, Saratoga Springs having become a racing and gambling center. Several rooms are
1182:
Had the chancellorship been a desirable judicial office
Walworth probably would never have been appointed. "It is said that the office was offered to all the judges of the Supreme Court and declined by them before it was offered to Mr. Walworth." He was himself taken aback; at least so one would
650:
1399:
694:. Rev. Walworth became a missionary within the United States, and his brother and wife were among those he converted to Catholicism. He also published books about his new faith as well as history (including his family), and became one of the five founders of the
303:(1828 to 1847) before a new state constitution abolished that highest statewide judicial office. Walworth also ran unsuccessfully for Governor of New York in 1848, and received a commission from the U.S. Supreme Court in 1850 concerning the
335:, where he operated a mill. They had eleven children; most of their sons became associated with the New York state courts. His eldest, John Walsworth (1784-1839) rose to the rank of Major during the Revolutionary War and moved to
952:
12 Peters 91 (1838) having previously found no grounds for an injunction against a supposed public nuisance without such having been brought by the attorney general or other special circumstances
31:
1449:
1439:
319:
quartermaster
Benjamin Walworth (1746-1812), who after that war (in 1782) had married the widow Apphia (Hyde Cardell) Walworth (1757-1837). Reuben Walworth was born in
327:(his mother's hometown) in 1788, and named to honor a maternal uncle. In 1792 Benjamin Walworth received a land grant for his wartime service and moved his family to
637:
and was imprisoned for three month in 1864 as a suspected
Confederate spy until released and restricted to the Saratoga Springs vicinity. However, his stepson
961:
Elizabeth Brand Monroe, The Wheeling Bridge Case (Boston, Northeastern University Press 1992) pp. 49 et seq. His privately published opinion is held by the
1424:
1404:
436:
from December 3, 1821, to March 3, 1823, Walworth did not seek re-election in what became a one-representative district after census-based redistricting.
1229:
1469:
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by seeking an injunction against the bridge from the justice responsible for that geographic area, former Pennsylvania judge for the Pittsburgh area,
633:, his speech was published and circulated. As discussed below, his son Mansfield Walworth failed to receive a deferment from conscription during the
1434:
1419:
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on circuit duty had determined that no federal law defined obstruction of navigable waterways and upheld a drawbridge near the port, and Justice
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and serving as Assistant Registrar of the Court of Chancery. Their second son, James Clinton Walworth (1787-1871), would become a merchant in
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1384:
618:
Returning to private legal practice, Walworth grew wealthy representing railroads in other litigation. He expanded the family mansion.
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law in the United States, Walworth served as a chancery judge in New York for more than three decades, including nearly two decades as
1234:
433:
133:
1429:
1409:
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283:(October 26, 1788 – November 27, 1867) was an American lawyer, jurist and politician. Although nominated three times to the
1389:
552:
had done similarly while a justice of the New York Supreme Court. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (through its attorney general
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1414:
1208:
122:
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641:(1837-1892), a West Point graduate, remained in the Union Army, distinguished himself in battle, and was promoted to General.
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Educated in the local schools, Reuben Walworth began teaching school when he was 16 (1804-5). He then began reading law in
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who would have refused jurisdiction altogether) issued a one-page order appointing Walworth as commissioner.
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The Walworths Of America: Comprising Five Chapters Of Family History, With Additional Chapters Of Genealogy
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and serving for decades. The fourth son, Dr. Benjamin Walworth (1792 - 1879), became a leading citizen of
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Among other earlier settlers in the latter days of the eighteenth century were John Pease, Jacob Pease,
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Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
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864:
Walworths of America: Comprising Five Chapters of Family History, with Additional Chapters of Genealogy
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Walworth received much scientific and commercial evidence, including a report from U.S. Army engineer
536:. The justices had divided during the previous years concerning the scope of the federal power in the
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three times in 1844, but the nomination was always postponed due to Tyler's lack of support from both
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849:, John Cornstock, John Chase, Thomas Osborn, Dr. Aaron D. Patchin, Nathaniel Bishop and Isaac Webb.
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455:, and continued to conduct court in his parlor. He remained in office until July 1847 when the
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Sullivan, James; Williams, Melvin E.; Conklin, Edwin P.; Fitzpatrick, Benedict, eds. (1927),
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In 1850, the United States Supreme Court appointed Walworth to serve as a commissioner (now
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8:
698:. His temperamental brother, Mansfield Tracy Walworth (1830–1873), after graduation from
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965:, but neither it nor many supporting documents are not in the U.S. Supreme Court nor at
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1164:, vol. 5, New York City, Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., p. 1995,
401:, Walworth served as adjutant-general of the New York militia, and as aide to General
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Clarence A. Walworth (1820–1900), Mansfield Tracy Walworth (1830–1873) and 4 daughters
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compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 71, 353, 356; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
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429:
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272:
79:
63:
777:, pioneering historian of the Pacific Northwest, was a "close relative" of Walworth.
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128:
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67:
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During his Congressional term, in April 1823, Walworth was appointed Judge of the
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682:(1820–1900) was admitted to the New York bar in 1841, and after studies at the
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71:
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by Reuben Hyde Walworth (published by Joel Munsell, Albany, 1863; pages 533ff)
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of costs in 1856, but the Court denied it to end the litigation. Monroe p. 158
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1217:
886:
Biographies of Notable Americans, Vol. X, p. (1904) available at ancestry.com
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405:. In September 1814, the British invaded Plattsburg, and from the shore of
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where he served many years as clerk of the court before in 1829 moving to
1251:
1089:
Cornelius E. Durkee, Remniscences of Saratoga in The Saratogan 1927-1928.
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Admitted to the New York bar in 1809, in January, 1810 Walworth moved to
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170:
30:
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711:
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neared, Walworth advocated peace and conciliation. A delegate at the
479:
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never attempted a confirmation vote. Known for his simplification of
710:, Walworth became an elder and known for charity toward the poor. A
475:
242:
Maria Avery (Deceased 1848) Sarah Ellen (Smith) Hardin (his death)
649:
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in 1851 married Sarah Ellen (Smith) Hardin, widow of Congressman
366:, the Rensselaer county seat, under the guidance of John Russel.
1064:
Thomas Mallon, "Saratoga Gothic" a review of Geoffrey O'Brien's
607:. A truss pivot drawbridge across the Mississippi River between
939:
People v. the Rensselaer and Saratoga Rail Road Company (1836).
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in New York, converted from the Protestant Episcopal Church to
463:(Albany, 1829; several revised eds.), which greatly influenced
1125:
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
371:
474:'s attention because of his widely respected opinions on
1450:
Unsuccessful nominees to the United States Supreme Court
750:
Walworth died in Saratoga Springs on November 28, 1867.
1138:
Reuben Hyde Walworth: Chancellor of New York, 1828-1847
810:. The Weed-Parsons Printing Company. pp. 109–110.
532:, the first bridge to cross a major river west of the
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in a majority opinion by Justice McLean, and Justice
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People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
451:. Five years later, in 1828, Walworth was appointed
409:, Walworth observed the naval victory of Commandant
132:
461:Rules and Orders of the New York Court of Chancery
315:Reuben Walworth was the third son of merchant and
738:(2 vols., 1864), and was elected a member of the
572:. The Wheeling Bridge Company was represented by
428:. Serving alongside fellow Democratic-Republican
1366:
540:as well as concurrent state powers. In 1847, in
517:, but was defeated in a three-way race by Whig
1078:American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
432:(a future New York governor) in what was then
1000:having replaced the deceased Justice Woodbury
1317:Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
967:National Archives and Records Administration
1425:Politicians from Saratoga Springs, New York
1405:Members of the American Antiquarian Society
722:in 1853. He was also vice-president of the
310:
1068:, New York Times Book Review July 30, 2010
556:) and Pittsburgh interests represented by
29:
1470:19th-century New York (state) politicians
730:, and for a long period president of the
123:U.S. House of Representatives
860:
824:
803:
648:
271:
950:Georgetown v. Alexandria Canal Company,
1435:American militiamen in the War of 1812
1420:Politicians from Plattsburgh, New York
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1235:New York's 12th congressional district
1100:
1055:Appleton's Cyclopedia, Vol. VI, p. 346
895:Appleton's Cyclopedia, Vol. VI, p. 345
877:Appleton's Cyclopedia, Vol. VI, p. 345
794:Appleton's Cyclopedia, Vol. VI, p. 345
434:New York's 12th congressional district
148:March 4, 1821 – March 3, 1823
55:April 28, 1828 – July 5, 1847
1127:, Kermit L. Hall ed., New York, 1992.
678:was then 19. Walsworth's eldest son,
459:abolished the office. Walworth wrote
1158:History of New York State, 1523–1927
1046:Walworth family history pp. 121-122.
861:Walworth, Clarence Augustus (1897).
804:Walworth, Clarence Augustus (1897).
930:1 Wood. and M. 401 (27 Fed.Cas. 91)
745:
564:had brought this litigation in the
528:) in litigation concerning the new
355:and for decades served as judge in
13:
1131:
1104:"Historian of the Northwest"
835:from the original on April 7, 2016
542:U.S. v. New Bedford Bridge Company
492:Supreme Court of the United States
276:Walworth engraved by Henry S. Sadd
14:
1481:
1385:19th-century American legislators
1066:The Fall of the House of Walworth
831:. D. Mason & Co. Publishers.
670:(1810–1847) who had died in the
644:
629:after the election of President
258:
1430:Politicians from Troy, New York
1410:People from Bozrah, Connecticut
1395:Chancellors of New York (state)
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963:Library Company of Philadelphia
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825:Anderson, George Baker (1897).
763:Saratoga Springs History Museum
467:practice in the United States.
1390:Burials at Greenridge Cemetery
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898:
889:
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871:
854:
818:
797:
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690:, a scandal in the era of the
325:New London County, Connecticut
16:American lawyer and politician
1:
1465:19th-century American lawyers
1415:People from Hoosick, New York
1272:New York Fourth Circuit Court
1230:U.S. House of Representatives
1209:U.S. House of Representatives
781:
490:. Tyler nominated him to the
441:New York Fourth Circuit Court
420:Voters elected Walworth as a
1460:19th-century American judges
828:History of Hoosick, New York
740:American Antiquarian Society
684:General Theological Seminary
658:for four years, Walworth in
370:would award him an honorary
7:
1109:Oregon Historical Quarterly
1101:Morris, William A. (1902).
768:
653:Walworth in his later years
566:United States Supreme Court
426:17th United States Congress
357:Chautauqua County, New York
347:before becoming a judge in
333:Rensselaer County, New York
285:United States Supreme Court
10:
1486:
1143:
754:Walworth County, Wisconsin
576:and U.S. Attorney general
530:Wheeling Suspension Bridge
470:Walworth gained President
457:State Constitution of 1846
317:American Revolutionary War
305:Wheeling Suspension Bridge
216:Saratoga Springs, New York
1455:American militia officers
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732:American Temperance Union
449:Saratoga County, New York
443:. In October he moved to
385:
266:
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185:
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176:
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119:
109:
97:
59:
48:
41:
37:
28:
21:
1445:New York (state) lawyers
1326:Party political offices
1091:Accessed March 28, 2024.
627:Peace Conference of 1861
415:Battle of Lake Champlain
337:Clinton County, New York
311:Early life and education
1190:The New York Civil List
1170:2027/mdp.39015028558818
948:Chief Justice Taney in
720:Grand Lodge of New York
664:Mercer County, Kentucky
615:was completed in 1856.
593:William Jarvis McAlpine
349:Otsego County, New York
1299:Chancellor of New York
1037:Monroe, at pp. 169-170
734:. Walworth also wrote
654:
453:Chancellor of New York
301:Chancellor of New York
277:
43:Chancellor of New York
1028:Monroe p. 150 et seq.
775:Frances Fuller Victor
652:
613:Rock Island, Illinois
534:Appalachian Mountains
422:Democratic-Republican
275:
227:Democratic-Republican
1345:Governor of New York
987:Monroe p. 95 et seq.
969:. Monroe p. 196 n.65
680:Clarence A. Walworth
672:Mexican American War
582:Louisville, Kentucky
515:Governor of New York
368:Princeton University
281:Reuben Hyde Walworth
1151:Political Graveyard
813:preparing to mount.
674:and whose daughter
639:Martin Davis Hardin
509:, Walworth was the
199:Bozrah, Connecticut
1309:Freeborn G. Jewett
1241:Served alongside:
998:Benjamin R. Curtis
904:CongBio No.W000118
758:Walworth, New York
700:Harvard Law School
692:Know Nothing party
655:
635:American Civil War
623:American Civil War
574:Charles W. Russell
380:Harvard University
278:
115:Position abolished
1363:
1362:
1354:Succeeded by
1321:
1306:Succeeded by
1279:Succeeded by
1249:Succeeded by
1244:Nathaniel Pitcher
1239:1821–1823
1222:Nathaniel Pitcher
847:Benjamin Walworth
761:recreated in the
554:Cornelius Darragh
430:Nathaniel Pitcher
411:Thomas Macdonough
270:
269:
209:November 27, 1867
64:Nathaniel Pitcher
1477:
1331:Preceded by
1312:
1289:Preceded by
1215:Preceded by
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1204:
1185:
1163:
1117:
1116:
1106:
1098:
1092:
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801:
795:
792:
746:Death and legacy
562:Robert J. Walker
558:Edwin M. Stanton
513:' candidate for
445:Saratoga Springs
374:degree in 1835,
345:Argyle, New York
262:
212:
196:October 26, 1788
195:
193:
181:Personal details
167:
155:
146:
136:
125:
112:
100:
68:Martin Van Buren
53:
33:
19:
18:
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1357:Horatio Seymour
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1132:Further reading
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925:
921:decided in 1849
919:Passenger Cases
912:
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859:
855:
838:
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823:
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793:
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771:
748:
696:Paulist Fathers
647:
631:Abraham Lincoln
609:Davenport, Iowa
586:Peter V. Daniel
578:Reverdy Johnson
570:Robert C. Grier
538:Commerce Clause
484:civil procedure
403:Benjamin Mooers
388:
376:Yale University
313:
230:
223:Political party
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24:
23:Reuben Walworth
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1259:Legal offices
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1228:Member of the
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1202:
1198:Hyde Genealogy
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736:Hyde Genealogy
668:John J. Hardin
646:
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526:special master
407:Lake Champlain
387:
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312:
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1252:Lewis Eaton
839:January 11,
688:Catholicism
660:Harrodsburg
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488:arbitration
399:War of 1812
397:During the
392:Plattsburgh
293:U.S. Senate
234:(1828–1867)
171:Lewis Eaton
154:Preceded by
99:Preceded by
72:Enos Throop
1369:Categories
1341:Democratic
1303:1828–1847
1282:Esek Cowen
1276:1823–1828
1178:Q114149630
782:References
472:John Tyler
289:John Tyler
232:Democratic
192:1788-10-26
92:John Young
742:in 1865.
712:Freemason
706:A devout
500:Democrats
480:pleadings
382:in 1848.
255:Signature
144:In office
51:In office
1265:New seat
1174:Wikidata
917:and the
833:Archived
769:See also
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601:Bellaire
544:Justice
498:and the
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247:Children
137:district
129:New York
60:Governor
1144:Sources
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621:As the
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424:to the
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372:LL.D.
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841:2020
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