1131:
1145:
29:
427:, the British government restricted the import and consumption of wood and other products used to create pulp, resulting in an 80% reducing in the companies pre-War UK output. Resultantly, the Northfleet plant which was closest to occupied Europe was closed down. From 1940, Eric Bowater himself was seconded by William Morris to join his team at
464:. After the death of Sir Eric in 1962, the company began to consolidate. The money-losing European assets were slowly sold off, until the last French plant was sold in the early 1970s. UK and North American newsprint was unwound, with the loss of 300,000 tons of annual production and the closure of the Northfleet mill.
355:
until post the end of the war. After the need to redesign the plant proposed by
Armstrong Whitworth, eldest grandson Eric Bowater was put in charge of the project to select new secondary contractors. After he established full production from the plant in July 1925, in 1927 at the age of 32, he became
380:
However, the great depression cut badly into both investors businesses, resulting in a desperate need for cash injections. After
Rothermere sold his stakes in both the main company and the Mersey mill, Beaverbrook took the same action, resulting the company being again completely in family control.
439:
After he returned to the business in 1945, Sir Eric
Bowater focused the business on packaging in the UK, and international expansion. After buying Acme Corrugated Cases Ltd in 1944, Bowater began to organise the companies interests into a series of wholly owned subsidiaries. As a result, by the
372:, the product from which would be consumed under long term supply deals to the newspapers of the two investors. Resultantly, by the end of 1930 with both plants online at full production, Bowater's mills output was 175,000 tons of newsprint per annum, 22% of the UK's total newsprint output.
363:
and other investors, reducing the families stake to 40%. The resulting cash injection allowed a doubling of expansion at
Northfleet through additional investment. In 1929, he agreed a deal with both Lord Rothermere and Beaverbrook Newspapers to establish a new pulp and paper mill beside the
507:
In
February 2015, Rexam accepted Ball Corporation's sweetened takeover offer of £4.4 billion ($ 6.7 billion), a deal which created one of the world's biggest consumer-packaging suppliers. Ball was required to sell eight U.S. aluminum can plants. In June 2016, Rexam was acquired by
455:
By 1962, company assets totalled close to £200 million. Consuming huge amounts of capital, the company had failed to invest in its newsprint production, leaving it with a high cost base which was added to by the opening of
1099:
497:
production worldwide. It then went on to acquire O–I Plastics, a plastic packaging business in North
America, in 2007. In June 2011, Rexam agreed to sell its lid-making operations to the U.S.-based
247:
trained as a manager with James
Wrigley and Sons, a paper making business based in Manchester. Having been dismissed in 1881 at age 43, Bowater decided to establish himself as a paper agent in
596:
415:
in 1938, which owned 7,000 square miles (18,000 km) of timber and produced 200,000 tons per year of paper. This brought the companies newsprint output up to 800,000 tons per annum.
288:
after three of
Bowater's sons joined the business, but as an agent the business had few staff: Bowater and his three sons as partner; six clerks; two typists; and an office boy.
1220:
698:
486:, an abbreviation of the name of one of the Company's subsidiaries, Riegel Paper America, and the business was refocused again – this time into consumer packaging.
335:
brought about huge growth in the paper market, and the company was prepared for this having purchased a site for development as a pulp and paper making mill in
996:
1205:
851:
Robert Knight, 'Bowater, Sir Eric
Vansittart (1895–1962)’, rev. Anita McConnell, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
392:. This brought the company's output to 500,000 tons per annum across four plants, producing 60% of British newsprint and the largest newsprint maker in
1200:
970:
1190:
452:; Scott Corporation bought out the Bowater interest in the joint venture in 1986. Bowater opened a new factory in Gillingham, Kent in the 1960s.
1215:
604:
815:
471:, in 1984. However three years later, in 1987, the company acquired Rexham Corporation, a manufacturer of plastic, paper and foil, based in
307:
in 1913, the company was left to be run by his younger brothers, who expanded the business internationally. They established an office in
259:
864:
1225:
1195:
520:
Rexam had around 55 plants in over 20 countries and employed around 8,000 people. Its operations span Europe, the
Americas and Asia.
1022:
403:-cartel engineered a large rise in pulp prices, Eric started to buy into raw pulp production. After buying forest interests in both
223:. It had 55 plants in over 20 countries across Asia, Europe, North America and South America. In June 2016, Rexam was acquired by
1210:
1175:
541:
154:
280:
957:
428:
673:
1130:
121:
974:
1044:
1171:
299:. It expanded into large-scale dealing in waste paper, including the export of surplus newspapers to the
1071:
412:
244:
215:
company headquartered in London, England. After spending much of its life as a paper producer known as
504:
On 13 February 2014, Rexam acquired 51% stake in United Arab Can Manufacturing Ltd for $ 122 million.
292:
208:
440:
mid-1950s, Bowater was the largest producer of newsprint in the world. The Company diversified into
479:
385:
275:
1076:
381:
As newspaper circulation rose again, Eric invested to double the capacity of the Mersey mills.
212:
1104:
945:
304:
890:
8:
449:
352:
389:
296:
912:
797:
1150:
751:
509:
224:
126:
91:
933:
303:
to enable their protection during shipping of tea plants. But after Thomas became
1167:
360:
347:. However, with restrictions on both raw materials and production imposed by the
852:
699:"Ball Corp. (BLL) Announces Completion of Rexam Acquisition, Asset Divestiture"
498:
472:
365:
340:
175:
160:
145:
109:
39:
1184:
1136:
747:
461:
457:
441:
320:
648:
626:
571:
775:
494:
490:
424:
270:
220:
400:
332:
254:
In a quickly expanding market, Bowater later secured contracts to supply
348:
336:
264:
240:
169:
384:
After the death of Edward Lloyd, in 1936 the company bought both the
344:
312:
291:
After Bowater's death in 1907, in 1910, the company became a private
255:
49:
369:
300:
1023:"Plastics packaging: Berry claims Rexam's closures biz for $ 360m"
489:
In 2005, Rexam disposed of its glass manufacturing businesses to
468:
105:
1045:"Rexam buys majority stake in Saudi Arabian beverage cans maker"
408:
404:
393:
308:
248:
101:
71:
1072:"Ball Corp. Rolls Up Rexam With Sweetened $ 6.7 Billion Offer"
597:"Brazil Beer Sales to Rise With World-Cup Chances, Rexam Says"
1100:"European group buys Rexam packaging plant in Winston-Salem"
467:
The company demerged its existing United States subsidiary,
674:"Ball Corporation (BLL) Gets FTC's Final Nod for Rexam Buy"
356:
chairman and managing director of W.V. Bowater and Sons.
997:"Rexam sells lid-making arm to Berry Plastics for £222m"
28:
1160:
196:
1221:
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
219:, it diversified and became a leading manufacturer of
1126:
359:In 1928, Eric sold stakes in the business to both
1182:
891:"Rexham Agrees To Be Acquired For $ 226 Million"
693:
691:
258:to two of the leading publishing entrepreneurs:
1097:
1069:
688:
351:, construction was not started by contractor
482:Packaging. In 1995, the name was changed to
1206:Manufacturing companies established in 1881
411:, he bought a large pulp and paper mill at
1201:Packaging companies of the United Kingdom
770:
768:
742:
740:
738:
736:
572:"Rexam PLC - Media - Facts & figures"
536:
534:
532:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
668:
666:
16:Former British multinational corporation
1191:Manufacturing companies based in London
973:. Reuters. 11 June 2007. Archived from
865:"Bowater Executive to lead US spin-off"
566:
564:
562:
284:. The company was subsequently renamed
1183:
765:
529:
1216:British companies established in 1881
958:Rexam acquires O-I plastics operation
713:
663:
431:, for which he was knighted in 1944.
559:
501:for £222 million (US$ 360 million).
1168:Documents and clippings about Rexam
837:"New Bowater Plant for Packaging".
418:
13:
1070:Rory Gallivan (19 February 2015).
946:Rexam sells only UK glass facility
317:Hudson Packaging and Paper Company
14:
1237:
1122:
701:. Streetinsider.com. 30 June 2016
676:. Finance.yahoo.com. 29 June 2016
1226:Companies disestablished in 2016
1196:Glassmaking companies of England
1143:
1129:
137:Beverage cans, plastic packaging
27:
1098:Richard Craver (27 July 2016).
1091:
1063:
1037:
1015:
989:
963:
951:
939:
934:Bowater to change name to Rexam
927:
905:
883:
857:
845:
830:
808:
790:
603:. 29 April 2010. Archived from
429:Ministry of Aircraft Production
1211:1923 establishments in England
1025:. Plastics Today. 20 June 2011
641:
619:
589:
478:In 1992, the company acquired
444:manufacturing in 1956 forming
319:to market UK newsprint in the
1:
948:Packaging Today, 15 June 2005
523:
515:
235:
493:so as to concentrate on its
61:; 143 years ago
7:
1172:20th Century Press Archives
960:Packaging News, 3 July 2007
802:www.britainfromabove.org.uk
448:, a joint venture with the
434:
339:, on the south side of the
10:
1242:
971:"Rexam to buy OI Plastics"
893:. AP News. 16 October 1987
413:Corner Brook, Newfoundland
245:William Vansittart Bowater
230:
364:Manchester Ship Canal in
297:Thomas Vansittart Bowater
293:limited liability company
192:
182:
167:
152:
148:3,925 million (2015)
141:
133:
115:
97:
86:
78:
55:
45:
35:
26:
936:Plasteurope, 31 May 1995
480:Dickinson Robinson Group
375:
326:
262:, then publisher of the
1077:The Wall Street Journal
913:"John Dickinson and Co"
818:. Hansard. 29 June 1959
460:, a new head office in
423:At the outbreak of the
311:to export newsprint to
178:185 million (2015)
163:291 million (2015)
601:Bloomberg Businessweek
1105:Winston-Salem Journal
649:"Facts & figures"
286:W.V. Bowater and Sons
853:accessed 10 Aug 2014
798:"Britain From Above"
542:"Annual Report 2015"
305:Lord Mayor of London
207:was a British-based
627:"Plastic Packaging"
512:for $ 8.4 billion.
388:and relatively new
353:Armstrong Whitworth
278:, publisher of the
227:for $ 8.4 billion.
184:Number of employees
23:
1051:. 13 February 2014
491:Ardagh Glass Group
390:Kemsley Paper Mill
21:
450:Scott Corporation
331:The start of the
260:Alfred Harmsworth
202:
201:
1233:
1164:
1163:
1161:Official website
1153:
1151:Companies portal
1148:
1147:
1146:
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1061:
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1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
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987:
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984:
982:
967:
961:
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922:
920:
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903:
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898:
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881:
880:
878:
876:
861:
855:
849:
843:
842:
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
816:"Industry, Kent"
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794:
788:
787:
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762:
760:
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670:
661:
660:
658:
656:
645:
639:
638:
636:
634:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
607:on 16 April 2011
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
568:
557:
556:
554:
552:
546:
538:
510:Ball Corporation
425:Second World War
419:Second World War
225:Ball Corporation
155:Operating income
127:Graham Chipchase
92:Ball Corporation
69:
67:
62:
31:
24:
20:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1181:
1180:
1159:
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1149:
1144:
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1120:
1110:
1108:
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1092:
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1068:
1064:
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1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
995:
994:
990:
980:
978:
977:on 5 March 2016
969:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
918:
916:
915:. Grace's Guide
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
889:
888:
884:
874:
872:
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846:
841:. 30 June 1960.
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748:"Bowater-Scott"
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361:Lord Rothermere
349:Ministry of War
333:First World War
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281:Daily Chronicle
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122:Stuart Chambers
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1123:External links
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776:"Our history"
771:
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753:
752:Grace's Guide
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446:Bowater-Scott
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197:www.rexam.com
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1109:. Retrieved
1103:
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1075:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1048:
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1027:. Retrieved
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1000:
991:
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
965:
953:
941:
929:
917:. Retrieved
907:
895:. Retrieved
885:
873:. Retrieved
868:
859:
847:
838:
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820:. Retrieved
810:
801:
792:
780:. Retrieved
755:. Retrieved
705:17 September
703:. Retrieved
680:17 September
678:. Retrieved
653:. Retrieved
643:
631:. Retrieved
621:
609:. Retrieved
605:the original
600:
591:
579:. Retrieved
575:
549:. Retrieved
519:
506:
503:
495:beverage can
488:
483:
477:
469:Bowater Inc.
466:
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445:
438:
422:
401:Scandinavian
398:
383:
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330:
316:
290:
285:
279:
276:Edward Lloyd
271:Daily Mirror
269:
263:
253:
239:
216:
204:
203:
188:8,000 (2014)
98:Headquarters
90:Acquired by
36:Company type
18:
1083:15 February
1055:20 February
782:4 September
778:. Rexam PLC
651:. Rexam PLC
629:. Rexam PLC
1185:Categories
757:4 February
524:References
516:Operations
337:Northfleet
315:, and the
265:Daily Mail
241:Manchester
236:Foundation
170:Net income
124:(Chairman)
117:Key people
919:11 August
897:11 August
875:11 August
839:The Times
633:24 August
611:24 August
576:rexam.com
345:Gravesend
313:Australia
295:, led by
256:newsprint
213:packaging
211:consumer
205:Rexam plc
82:June 2016
50:Packaging
22:Rexam plc
1029:24 April
1007:24 April
981:24 April
551:26 March
435:Post War
399:After a
370:Cheshire
301:Far East
268:and the
134:Products
46:Industry
1174:of the
1170:in the
1111:27 July
1049:Reuters
822:13 July
581:3 April
547:. Rexam
231:History
217:Bowater
193:Website
142:Revenue
106:England
79:Defunct
64: (
56:Founded
871:. 1984
655:2 July
442:tissue
409:Norway
405:Sweden
394:Europe
309:Sydney
274:; and
249:London
243:-born
102:London
72:London
40:Public
545:(PDF)
484:Rexam
376:1930s
343:near
327:1920s
129:(CEO)
1113:2016
1085:2016
1057:2014
1031:2012
1009:2012
983:2012
921:2018
899:2018
877:2018
824:2023
784:2010
759:2014
707:2016
682:2016
657:2014
635:2010
613:2010
583:2015
553:2016
407:and
87:Fate
66:1881
59:1881
1176:ZBW
1187::
1102:.
1074:.
1047:.
999:.
867:.
800:.
767:^
750:.
715:^
690:^
665:^
599:.
574:.
561:^
531:^
475:.
396:.
368:,
323:.
251:.
110:UK
108:,
104:,
1115:.
1087:.
1059:.
1033:.
1011:.
985:.
923:.
901:.
879:.
826:.
804:.
786:.
761:.
709:.
684:.
659:.
637:.
615:.
585:.
555:.
176:£
161:£
146:£
74:)
70:(
68:)
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