33:
55:
167:, which are distinct from satellite viruses in that they do not encode all of their own structural proteins but require proteins from their helper viruses in order to assemble. Additional common features include a rod-like structure, an RNA-binding "delta antigen" encoded in the genome, and animal hosts. Furthermore, the size range of the genomes of these viruses is between around 1547–1735nt, they encode a
638:
1082:
Paraskevopoulou S, Pirzer F, Goldmann N, Schmid J, Corman VM, Gottula LT, Schroeder S, Rasche A, Muth D, Drexler JF, Heni AC, Eibner GJ, Page RA, Jones TC, MĂĽller MA, Sommer S, Glebe D, Drosten C (July 2020).
1213:
1206:
1199:
175:, and their coding capacity only involves one conserved protein. Most lineages of this realm are poorly understood, the notable exception being the genus
146:
1872:
1769:
735:
Hepojoki J, Hetzel U, Paraskevopoulou S, Drosten C, Harrach B, Zerbini M, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Dolja V, Kuhn JH (6 December 2020).
1336:
1702:
253:
was abolished and replaced with eight new species, and the taxonomy developed to reach its current form, detailed below.
1759:
1877:
1764:
1687:
172:
1675:
354:
1031:
Wille M, Netter HJ, Littlejohn M, Yuen L, Shi M, Eden JS, Klaassen M, Holmes EC, Hurt AC (December 2018).
54:
1191:
651:
388:
1746:
1692:
1781:
902:
736:
615:
575:
1825:
1905:
1863:
982:
Hetzel U, Szirovicza L, Smura T, Prähauser B, Vapalahti O, Kipar A, Hepojoki J (April 2019).
1791:
1100:
789:
49:
8:
1366:
933:
Chang WS, Pettersson JH, Le Lay C, Shi M, Lo N, Wille M, Eden JS, Holmes EC (July 2019).
444:
270:, with no intermediate taxa between realm and family. This family contains eight genera.
203:
190:
has an unclear evolutionary origin. It has been proposed that they may have derived from
168:
134:
1104:
793:
1660:
1582:
1175:
1150:
1123:
1084:
1059:
1032:
1008:
983:
959:
934:
879:
844:
820:
777:
235:
remained unassigned to any higher taxa until 2018, when the ICTV mistakenly classified
1166:
1638:
1554:
1456:
1226:
1180:
1128:
1064:
1013:
964:
884:
866:
825:
807:
778:"Viroids and Viroid-like Circular RNAs: Do They Descend from Primordial Replicators?"
428:
326:
149:
TaxoProp 2020.012D, the realm is named after the presence of genomic and antigenomic
1900:
1848:
1170:
1162:
1118:
1108:
1054:
1044:
1003:
995:
954:
946:
874:
856:
815:
797:
587:
278:
130:
1498:
1085:"Mammalian deltavirus without hepadnavirus coinfection in the neotropical rodent
708:
404:
382:
370:
314:
195:
32:
1547:
1512:
1505:
1484:
1463:
1440:
1320:
1093:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
845:"Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) and Delta-Like Agents: Insights Into Their Origin"
643:
470:
455:
285:
861:
1894:
1786:
1714:
1607:
1575:
1561:
1540:
1526:
1477:
1470:
1389:
1262:
870:
811:
603:
598:
422:
416:
342:
1113:
1803:
1736:
1600:
1568:
1533:
1519:
1491:
1417:
1396:
1132:
1068:
1017:
968:
888:
829:
482:
164:
142:
1184:
999:
1857:
1665:
802:
180:
950:
274:
1796:
1743:
1330:
1243:
570:
465:
365:
337:
155:
1221:
1049:
1403:
1382:
1284:
656:
309:
241:
191:
1819:
734:
1842:
1776:
1721:
1308:
1292:
1257:
1081:
688:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021
439:
399:
150:
1808:
1726:
1707:
1267:
1252:
935:"Novel hepatitis D-like agents in vertebrates and invertebrates"
1754:
1697:
1682:
1632:
1362:
685:
661:
223:
of this realm to receive acceptance by the ICTV is the species
199:
981:
1731:
1358:
1302:
1297:
220:
138:
66:
637:
1670:
1274:
1222:
842:
984:"Identification of a Novel Deltavirus in Boa Constrictors"
1075:
1030:
754:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
843:
Netter HJ, Barrios MH, Littlejohn M, Yuen LK (2021).
633:
277:in various languages. The family name comes from
1892:
273:The names of all genera in this realm allude to
137:nucleic acids — infectious agents that resemble
1151:"Progress towards a higher taxonomy of viruses"
749:and seven new genera for a total of 15 species"
1207:
1033:"A Divergent Hepatitis D-Like Agent in Birds"
932:
928:
926:
924:
922:
249:returned to its original position. In 2020,
1770:Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene
1214:
1200:
31:
1174:
1122:
1112:
1058:
1048:
1007:
975:
958:
919:
878:
860:
819:
801:
775:
239:within the then newly established realm,
214:
1024:
771:
769:
245:. In 2019, this error was rectified and
1751:Retroelements not elsewhere classified
1893:
730:
728:
680:
678:
676:
1824:
1823:
1195:
766:
1148:
903:"Taxonomy History – Taxonomy – ICTV"
1703:Integrative and conjugative element
725:
713:University of California, Riverside
673:
13:
1142:
291:This taxonomy is shown hereafter:
179:, comprising the causal agents of
14:
1917:
1760:Diversity-generating retroelement
284:"triangle," another reference to
256:
198:) or a viroid-like element (i.e.
141:, but cannot replicate without a
1765:Telomerase reverse transcriptase
1337:Microbes with highly unusual DNA
776:Lee BD, Koonin EV (2022-01-12).
706:
636:
53:
206:) with capsid protein capture.
1688:Defective interfering particle
895:
836:
700:
686:"Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release"
350:Dagazvirus schedorhinotermitis
173:hepatitis delta virus ribozyme
1:
1676:Clonally transmissible cancer
1167:10.1016/S0923-2516(06)80059-2
667:
355:Schedorhinotermes intermedius
113:
741:) including one new family (
7:
1229:, and comparable structures
629:
209:
10:
1922:
264:contains a single family,
1832:
1651:
1625:
1592:
1448:
1434:
1427:
1374:
1357:
1350:
1318:
1283:
1241:
1234:
862:10.3389/fmicb.2021.652962
849:Frontiers in Microbiology
652:List of higher virus taxa
389:Liasis mackloti savuensis
104:
99:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1693:Endogenous viral element
709:"Subcellular Life Forms"
1114:10.1073/pnas.2006750117
1087:Proechimys semispinosus
737:"Create one new realm (
616:Proechimys semispinosus
576:early Cyrillic alphabet
478:Deltavirus cameroonense
452:Deevirus actinopterygii
535:Deltavirus senegalense
215:Historical development
1000:10.1128/mBio.00014-19
546:Deltavirus taiwanense
251:Hepatitis delta virus
225:Hepatitis delta virus
1792:Transposable element
1782:Spiegelman's Monster
1155:Research in Virology
803:10.3390/life12010103
513:Deltavirus japanense
502:Deltavirus italiense
286:the Greek letter "Δ"
159:type. The agents in
50:Virus classification
1105:2020PNAS..11717977P
1099:(30): 17977–17983.
907:talk.ictvonline.org
794:2022Life...12..103L
524:Deltavirus peruense
169:hammerhead ribozyme
1661:Bio-like structure
1583:Tolecusatellitidae
745:) including genus
611:Thurisazvirus myis
583:Dobrovirus bufonis
557:Deltavirus togense
491:Deltavirus carense
1888:
1887:
1826:Taxon identifiers
1817:
1816:
1647:
1646:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1555:Portogloboviridae
1457:Alphasatellitidae
1351:Non-cellular life
1346:
1345:
1227:non-cellular life
1050:10.3390/v10120720
951:10.1093/ve/vez021
327:Cynops orientalis
322:Daazvirus cynopis
145:. Established in
122:
121:
1913:
1881:
1880:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1821:
1820:
1432:
1431:
1372:
1371:
1355:
1354:
1239:
1238:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1149:Ward CW (1993).
1137:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1011:
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732:
723:
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719:
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698:
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695:
693:
682:
646:
641:
640:
588:Bufo gargarizans
445:English alphabet
196:retrotransposons
58:
57:
35:
21:
20:
16:Realm of viruses
1921:
1920:
1916:
1915:
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1911:
1910:
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1876:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1828:
1818:
1813:
1653:
1643:
1613:
1588:
1499:Finnlakeviridae
1444:
1423:
1365:
1361:
1342:
1314:
1279:
1230:
1220:
1145:
1143:Further reading
1140:
1080:
1076:
1029:
1025:
980:
976:
939:Virus Evolution
931:
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715:
705:
701:
691:
689:
684:
683:
674:
670:
642:
635:
632:
454:(host: various
429:A. superciliosa
412:Dalvirus anatis
405:Arabic alphabet
383:Boa constrictor
378:Daletvirus boae
371:Hebrew alphabet
315:Gothic alphabet
259:
217:
212:
118:
112:
111:
109:
107:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1919:
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1604:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1548:Polydnaviridae
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1513:Globuloviridae
1509:
1506:Fuselloviridae
1502:
1495:
1488:
1485:Bicaudaviridae
1481:
1474:
1467:
1464:Ampullaviridae
1460:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:Naldaviricetes
1438:
1436:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1376:
1369:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1321:Incertae sedis
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1305:
1300:
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1218:
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1204:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1074:
1023:
974:
918:
894:
835:
765:
724:
699:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
659:
654:
648:
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644:Viruses portal
631:
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620:
594:
593:
592:
566:
565:
564:
553:
542:
531:
520:
509:
498:
487:
471:Greek alphabet
461:
460:
459:
456:Actinopterygii
435:
434:
433:
395:
394:
393:
361:
360:
359:
333:
332:
331:
258:
257:Current status
255:
227:and its genus
216:
213:
211:
208:
163:are satellite
120:
119:
105:
102:
101:
97:
96:
89:
85:
84:
77:
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60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1918:
1907:
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1902:
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1855:
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1822:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
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1790:
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1787:Tandem repeat
1785:
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1780:
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1758:
1756:
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1742:
1738:
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1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:Nanobacterium
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
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1691:
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1686:
1684:
1681:
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1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1610:
1609:
1608:Rhizidiovirus
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1576:Thaspiviridae
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1562:Pospiviroidae
1559:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1541:Plasmaviridae
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1527:Halspiviridae
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1478:Avsunviroidae
1475:
1473:
1472:
1471:Anelloviridae
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1390:Duplodnaviria
1387:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1304:
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1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Mitochondrion
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1235:Cellular life
1233:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:(6): 419–53.
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1088:
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1066:
1061:
1056:
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1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
978:
970:
966:
961:
956:
952:
948:
945:(2): vez021.
944:
940:
936:
929:
927:
925:
923:
908:
904:
898:
890:
886:
881:
876:
872:
868:
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
839:
831:
827:
822:
817:
813:
809:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
772:
770:
750:
748:
744:
743:Kolmioviridae
740:
731:
729:
714:
710:
703:
687:
681:
679:
677:
672:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
645:
639:
634:
618:
617:
612:
608:
607:
605:
604:Elder Futhark
601:
600:
599:Thurisazvirus
595:
590:
589:
584:
580:
579:
577:
573:
572:
567:
562:
558:
554:
551:
547:
543:
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503:
499:
496:
492:
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468:
467:
462:
457:
453:
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448:
446:
442:
441:
436:
431:
430:
425:
424:
419:
418:
417:Anas gracilis
413:
409:
408:
406:
402:
401:
396:
391:
390:
385:
384:
379:
375:
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372:
368:
367:
362:
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:
344:
343:Elder Futhark
340:
339:
334:
329:
328:
323:
319:
318:
316:
312:
311:
306:
305:
304:
303:Kolmioviridae
300:
299:
298:
294:
293:
292:
289:
287:
283:
280:
276:
271:
269:
268:
267:Kolmioviridae
263:
254:
252:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
207:
205:
201:
197:
194:(a family of
193:
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166:
165:nucleic acids
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158:
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152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:
117:
116:
103:
98:
95:
94:
93:Kolmioviridae
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
40:Diagram of a
38:
34:
29:
26:
25:Kolmioviridae
22:
19:
1906:Virus realms
1833:
1804:Transpoviron
1737:Fungal prion
1713:
1606:
1601:Dinodnavirus
1599:
1581:
1574:
1569:Spiraviridae
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1534:Ovaliviridae
1532:
1525:
1520:Guttaviridae
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1492:Clavaviridae
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1439:
1418:Varidnaviria
1416:
1410:
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1402:
1397:Monodnaviria
1395:
1388:
1381:
1329:
1319:
1158:
1154:
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143:helper virus
125:
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92:
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80:
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63:(unranked):
41:
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1864:Ribozyviria
1858:Wikispecies
1834:Ribozyviria
1747:microsphere
1666:Cancer cell
1411:Ribozyviria
1043:(12): 720.
739:Ribozyviria
423:A. castanea
297:Ribozyviria
262:Ribozyviria
231:, in 1993.
188:Ribozyviria
183:in humans.
181:hepatitis D
161:Ribozyviria
126:Ribozyviria
81:Ribozyviria
1895:Categories
1849:Q106951424
1797:Retroposon
1744:Proteinoid
1654:structures
1652:Comparable
1428:Unassigned
1331:Parakaryon
1244:Prokaryota
912:2021-10-08
788:(1): 103.
747:Deltavirus
718:2020-06-04
668:References
602:(from the
574:(from the
571:Dobrovirus
561:H. sapiens
550:H. sapiens
539:H. sapiens
528:H. sapiens
517:H. sapiens
506:H. sapiens
495:H. sapiens
469:(from the
466:Deltavirus
443:(from the
403:(from the
369:(from the
366:Daletvirus
341:(from the
338:Dagazvirus
313:(from the
247:Deltavirus
237:Deltavirus
233:Deltavirus
229:Deltavirus
219:The first
204:satellites
192:retrozymes
186:The realm
177:Deltavirus
156:Deltavirus
110:15 species
42:Deltavirus
1404:Riboviria
1383:Adnaviria
1367:Satellite
1285:Eukaryota
871:1664-302X
812:2075-1729
657:Retrozyme
609:Species:
581:Species:
555:Species:
544:Species:
533:Species:
522:Species:
511:Species:
500:Species:
489:Species:
476:Species:
450:Species:
410:Species:
376:Species:
348:Species:
320:Species:
310:Daazvirus
288:(delta).
242:Riboviria
151:ribozymes
135:satellite
1843:Wikidata
1777:Ribozyme
1722:Phagemid
1449:Families
1309:Protista
1293:Animalia
1258:Bacteria
1133:32651267
1069:30562970
1018:30940697
969:31321078
889:34234753
855:: 1448.
830:35054497
707:Baez J.
630:See also
440:Deevirus
400:Dalvirus
301:Family:
210:Taxonomy
115:See text
108:8 genera
106:1 family
100:Subtaxa
88:Family:
1901:Viruses
1878:2842242
1809:Xenobot
1727:Plasmid
1708:Jeewanu
1639:Obelisk
1435:Classes
1303:Plantae
1268:Plastid
1253:Archaea
1185:8140287
1176:7135741
1124:7395443
1101:Bibcode
1060:6315422
1037:Viruses
1009:6445931
960:6628682
880:8256844
821:8781251
790:Bibcode
613:(host:
596:Genus:
585:(host:
568:Genus:
559:(host:
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537:(host:
526:(host:
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480:(host:
463:Genus:
437:Genus:
414:(host:
397:Genus:
380:(host:
363:Genus:
352:(host:
335:Genus:
324:(host:
307:Genus:
295:Realm:
279:Finnish
200:viroids
153:of the
139:viruses
44:virion
1755:Retron
1698:Fosmid
1683:Cosmid
1633:Nanobe
1593:Genera
1375:Realms
1363:Viroid
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758:27 May
752:(docx)
692:10 May
662:Viroid
282:kolmio
1732:Prion
1626:Other
1359:Virus
1298:Fungi
994:(2).
458:spp.)
171:or a
131:realm
129:is a
74:Realm
67:Virus
1873:NCBI
1671:HeLa
1275:LUCA
1223:Life
1181:PMID
1129:PMID
1065:PMID
1014:PMID
988:mBio
965:PMID
885:PMID
867:ISSN
826:PMID
808:ISSN
782:Life
760:2021
694:2021
221:taxa
202:and
147:ICTV
1635:(?)
1339:(?)
1171:PMC
1163:doi
1159:144
1119:PMC
1109:doi
1097:117
1055:PMC
1045:doi
1004:PMC
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