655:
the subviral particles can form viral-like particles that are almost identical to mature HDV, but they are not infectious. Researchers had concluded that the determinant of infectivity of HDV was within the N-terminal pre-S1 domain of the large protein (L). It was found to be a mediator in binding to the cellular receptor. Researchers
Georges Abou Jaoudé and Camille Sureau published an article in 2005 that studied the role of the antigenic loop, found in HDV envelope proteins, in the infectivity of the virus. The antigenic loop, like the N-terminal pre-S1 domain of the large protein, is exposed at the virion surface. Jaoudé and Sureau's study provided evidence that the antigenic loop may be an important factor in HDV entry into the host cell and by mutating parts of the antigenic loop, the infectivity of HDV may be minimized.
822:
cases of chronic hepatitis D infection are thought to be due to superinfection in those already with hepatitis B. Hepatitis B and D co-infection is likely to lead to acute hepatitis, but is usually self limited with regards to the hepatitis D infection. Chronic hepatitis B and D is associated with a worse prognosis than chronic hepatitis B alone. Infection with both viruses is characterized by a poor prognosis with 75% of those with chronic hepatitis D developing liver cirrhosis within 15 years and a much higher risk of developing liver cancer. Persistent HDV viremia is the most important risk factor for disease progression in those with co-infection or superinfection. Other factors that are responsible for a poor prognosis in chronic hepatitis D include male sex, older age at time of infection, alcohol use,
269:
451:, which are much smaller than viruses. Its genome is unique among animal viruses because of its high GC nucleotide content. Its nucleotide sequence is about 70% self-complementary, allowing the genome to form a partially double-stranded, rod-like RNA structure. HDV strains are highly divergent; fusions of different strains exist and sequences had been deposited in public databases employing different start sites for the circular viral RNA involved. This had resulted in something of chaos with respect to molecular classification of this virus, a situation which has been resolved recently with the adoption of a proposed reference genome and a uniform classification system.
849:
291:
505:
471:. Initially thought to use just RNA polymerase II, now RNA polymerases I and III have also been shown to be involved in HDV replication. Normally RNA polymerase II utilizes DNA as a template and produces mRNA. Consequently, if HDV indeed utilizes RNA polymerase II during replication, it would be the only known animal pathogen capable of using a DNA-dependent polymerase as an RNA-dependent polymerase.
1116:(Russia). Genotype III has been found exclusively in South America (Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela). Some genomes from Taiwan and the Okinawa islands have been difficult to type but have been placed in genotype 2. However it is now known that there are at least 8 genotypes of this virus (HDV-1 to HDV-8). Phylogenetic studies suggest an African origin for this pathogen.
467:. Mapping by mutagenesis of this domain has shown that amino acid residues 9–15 make up the receptor-binding site. After entering the hepatocyte, the virus is uncoated and the nucleocapsid translocated to the nucleus due to a signal in HDAg Since the HDV genome does not code for an RNA polymerase to replicate the virus' genome, the virus makes use of the host cellular
858:
in low income regions of the globe in which HBV prevalence remains high. Currently the Amazon basin and low income regions of Asia and Africa have high rates of HDV, owing to concurrently high rates of HBV. Globally, five percent of those with chronic hepatitis B infection also have hepatitis D and 12.5% of people with HIV are also co-infected with hepatitis D.
646:
HDAg-L, in contrast, is produced during the later stages of an infection, acts as an inhibitor of viral replication, and is required for assembly of viral particles. Thus RNA editing by the cellular enzymes is critical to the virus' life cycle because it regulates the balance between viral replication and virion assembly.
1151:
Genotypes, with the exception of type 1, appear to be restricted to certain geographical areas: HDV-2 (previously HDV-IIa) is found in Japan, Taiwan and
Yakutia; HDV-4 (previously HDV-IIb) in Japan and Taiwan; HDV-3 in the Amazonian region; HDV-5, HDV-6, HDV-7 and HDV-8 in Africa. Genotype 8 has also
852:
Worldwide prevalence of HDV among HBV carriers in 2015. Eight genotypes have been identified worldwide by comparative phylogenetic analysis. Genotype 1 is the most frequent and has variable pathogenicity, Genotypes 2 and 4 are found in East Asia causing relatively mild disease. Genotype 3 is found in
758:
therapy. Evidence suggests that pegylated interferon alpha is effective in reducing the viral load and the effect of the disease during the time the drug is given, but the benefit generally stops if the drug is discontinued. The efficiency of this treatment does not usually exceed about 20%, and late
654:
The HDV envelope protein has three of the HBV surface proteins anchored to it. The S region of the genome is most commonly expressed and its main function is to assemble subviral particles. HDV antigen proteins combine with the viral genome to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) which when enveloped with
857:
HDV is prevalent worldwide. However, the prevalence is decreasing in many higher income countries due to hepatitis B vaccination programs (although rates remain high in some groups such as those who inject drugs or immigrants from HDV endemic reigions). Infection with HDV is a major medical scourge
821:
Superinfections, in which hepatitis D viral infection occurs in someone who has chronic hepatitis B (as opposed to co-infection, in which a person is infected with hepatitis B and D simultaneously), are more likely to progress to chronic hepatitis D and are associated with a worse prognosis. 90% of
704:
Women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant should undergo testing for HBV to know if they carry the virus, this will allow prevention strategies to be implemented during the birth of the child. The CDC recommends that all women who are pregnant be tested for hepatitis B viral infection and
478:
RNA, and a linear polyadenylated antigenomic RNA, which is the mRNA containing the open reading frame for the HDAg. Synthesis of antigenomic RNA occurs in the nucleolus, mediated by RNA polymerase I, whereas synthesis of genomic RNA takes place in the nucleoplasm, mediated by RNA polymerase II. HDV
3375:
Koh, Christopher; Canini, Laetitia; Dahari, Harel; Zhao, Xiongce; Uprichard, Susan L.; Haynes-Williams, Vanessa; Winters, Mark A.; Subramanya, Gitanjali; Cooper, Stewart L.; Pinto, Peter; Wolff, Erin F.; Bishop, Rachel; Ai Thanda Han, Ma; Cotler, Scott J.; Kleiner, David E.; Keskin, Onur; Idilman,
724:
should do so using sterile equipment to prevent the transmission of hepatitis B and D via infected bodily fluids. Hepatitis B and D can also be transmitted from contaminated needles, so those who inject drugs should seek help to stop drug use or use sterile needles and avoid sharing needles with
640:
and HDV is that, while viroids produce no proteins, HDV is known to produce one protein, namely HDAg. It comes in two forms; a 27kDa large-HDAg, and a small-HDAg of 24kDa. The N-terminals of the two forms are identical, they differ by 19 more amino acids in the C-terminal of the large HDAg. Both
427:
contains host phospholipids, as well as three proteins taken from the hepatitis B virus—the large, medium, and small hepatitis B surface antigens. This assembly surrounds an inner ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle, which contains the genome surrounded by about 200 molecules of hepatitis D antigen
866:
Hepatitis D virus was first reported in 1977 as a nuclear antigen in patients infected with HBV who had severe liver disease. This nuclear antigen was then thought to be a hepatitis B antigen and was called the delta antigen. Subsequent experiments in chimpanzees showed that the hepatitis delta
645:
changes the stop codon to UGG, allowing the large-HDAg to be produced. Despite having 90% identical sequences, these two proteins play diverging roles during the course of an infection. HDAg-S is produced in the early stages of an infection and enters the nucleus and supports viral replication.
3274:
Asselah, Tarik; Chulanov, Vladimir; Lampertico, Pietro; Wedemeyer, Heiner; Streinu-Cercel, Adrian; Pântea, Victor; Lazar, Stefan; Placinta, Gheorghe; Gherlan, George S.; Bogomolov, Pavel; Stepanova, Tatyana; Morozov, Viacheslav; Syutkin, Vladimir; Sagalova, Olga; Manuilov, Dmitry (2024-07-11).
737:
Screening for hepatits D requires testing for anti-HDV antibodies, which indicate past exposure to the virus or current infection. If anti-HDV antibodies are present, then active HDV infection is confirmed by measuring hepatitis D RNA levels. Testing for HDV is only indicated in those who are
1099:
In the 1987 Boca do Acre study, scientists did an epidemiological survey and reported delta virus infection in 24% of asymptomatic HBV carriers, 29% of acute nonfulminant hepatitis B cases, 74% of fulminant hepatitis B cases, and 100% of chronic hepatitis B cases. The delta virus seems to be
663:
The routes of transmission of hepatitis D are similar to those for hepatitis B. Infection is largely restricted to persons at high risk of hepatitis B infection, particularly injecting drug users and persons receiving clotting factor concentrates. Worldwide more than 15 million people are
171:
HDV infecting a person with chronic hepatitis B (superinfection) is considered the most serious type of viral hepatitis due to its severity of complications. These complications include a greater likelihood of experiencing liver failure in acute infections and a rapid progression to liver
680:
As previously stated, patients previously diagnosed with hepatitis B are at risk for hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D infection risk increases if a person uses injecting drugs, is a hemophiliac, if they are a hemodialysis patient, or through sexual contact with other infected persons.
689:
Vaccination against hepatitis B protects against hepatitis D viral infection as hepatitis D requires hepatitis B viral infection to be present in order to infect and replicate in people. Universal vaccination against hepatitis B virus is recommended by the
1119:
An analysis of 36 strains of genotype 3 estimated that the most recent common ancestor of these strains originated around 1930. This genotype spread exponentially from early 1950s to the 1970s in South
America. The substitution rate was estimated to be
180:
in chronic infections. In combination with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D has the highest fatality rate of all the hepatitis infections, at 20%. A recent estimate from 2020 suggests that currently 48 million people are infected with this virus.
746:(also known as the FibroScan) have not been validated as quantitative measures of liver fibrosis in those with chronic hepatitis D infection. In those with whom liver fibrosis or cirrhosis is suspected, a liver biopsy is usually needed.
738:
hepatitis B surface antigen positive (those who have had previous or active infection with hepatitis B) as HDV requires hepatitis B viral infection to infect people. Non-invasive measures of liver fibrosis, such as the biomarker based
3627:
Rizzetto M, Canese MG, Purcell RH, London WT, Sly LD, Gerin JL (Nov–Dec 1981). "Experimental HBV and delta infections of chimpanzees: occurrence and significance of intrahepatic immune complexes of HBcAg and delta antigen".
3313:
Degasperi E, Anolli MP, Uceda
Renteria SC, et al. Bulevirtide monotherapy for 48 weeks in patients with HDV-related compensated cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022;77(6):1525-1531.
796:
Other treatments for hepatitis D which are currently under development include pegylated interferon lambda (λ), which binds to receptors on the hepatocyte surface leading to an intracellular signaling cascade via the
867:
antigen (HDAg) was a structural part of a pathogen that required HBV infection to produce a complete viral particle. The entire genome was cloned and sequenced in 1986. It was subsequently placed in its own genus:
3893:
Celik I, Karatayli E, Cevik E, Kabakçi SG, Karatayli SC, Dinç B, et al. (December 2011). "Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis delta viruses isolated from nine
Turkish patients".
4506:
4487:
672:. However, HDV is much more common in the immediate Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the northern part of South America. In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.
3748:
Bensabath G, Hadler SC, Soares MC, Fields H, Dias LB, Popper H, Maynard JE (1987). "Hepatitis delta virus infection and Labrea hepatitis. Prevalence and role in fulminant hepatitis in the Amazon Basin".
1534:
447:; with a genome of approximately 1700 nucleotides, HDV is the smallest "virus" known to infect animals. It has been proposed that HDV may have originated from a class of plant pathogens called
2295:
Branch AD, Benenfeld BJ, Baroudy BM, Wells FV, Gerin JL, Robertson HD (February 1989). "An ultraviolet-sensitive RNA structural element in a viroid-like domain of the hepatitis delta virus".
474:
The RNA polymerases treat the RNA genome as double-stranded DNA due to the folded rod-like structure it is in. Three forms of RNA are made; circular genomic RNA, circular complementary
3100:
Heidrich B, Yurdaydın C, Kabaçam G, Ratsch BA, Zachou K, Bremer B, Dalekos GN, Erhardt A, Tabak F, Yalcin K, Gürel S, Zeuzem S, Cornberg M, Bock CT, Manns MP, Wedemeyer H (July 2014).
4031:"Evidence of an Exponential Decay Pattern of the Hepatitis Delta Virus Evolution Rate and Fluctuations in Quasispecies Complexity in Long-Term Studies of Chronic Delta Infection"
641:
isoforms are produced from the same reading frame which contains an UAG stop codon at codon 196, which normally produces only the small-HDAg. However, editing by cellular enzyme
1112:
Three genotypes (I–III) were originally described. Genotype I has been isolated in Europe, North
America, Africa and some Asia. Genotype II has been found in Japan, Taiwan, and
813:
of the L-HDAg. REP2139-Ca is a nucleic acid polymer that prevents the release of hepatitis B surface antigen (which is required for assembly of hepatitis D viral particles).
6405:
4029:
Homs M, Rodriguez-Frias F, Gregori J, Ruiz A, Reimundo P, Casillas R, Tabernero D, Godoy C, Barakat S, Quer J, Riveiro-Barciela M, Roggendorf M, Esteban R, Buti M (2016).
3557:
2709:"Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate a wide and ancient radiation of African hepatitis delta virus, suggesting a deltavirus genus of at least seven major clades"
1361:
Makino S, Chang MF, Shieh CK, Kamahora T, Vannier DM, Govindarajan S, Lai MM (1987). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta (delta) virus RNA".
604:
1438:"Influence of hepatitis delta virus infection on morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type B. The European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (Eurohep)"
5148:
2402:"A single antigenomic open reading frame of the hepatitis delta virus encodes the epitope(s) of both hepatitis delta antigen polypeptides p24 delta and p27 delta"
1897:
Yan H, Zhong G, Xu G, He W, Jing Z, Gao Z, Huang Y, Qi Y, Peng B, Wang H, Fu L, Song M, Chen P, Gao W, Ren B, Sun Y, Cai T, Feng X, Sui J, Li W (November 2012).
1173:(HBV family) virus to replicate. These agents have rod-like structure, a delta antigen, and a ribozyme. HDV and all such relatives are classified in their own
3378:"Oral prenylation inhibition with lonafarnib in chronic hepatitis D infection: a proof-of-concept randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2A trial"
1038:
which may kill in less than a week, and which characteristically affects children and young adults, and more males than females. It is accompanied also by an
782:. Bulevirtide may be given with pegylated interferon alpha as the two are thought to have a synergistic effect, leading to greater treatment response rates.
1084:
of a particular type (microsteatosis, characterized by small fat droplets inside the cells), and infiltration of large numbers of inflammatory cells called
1546:
1058:
479:
RNA is synthesized first as linear RNA that contains many copies of the genome. The genomic and antigenomic RNA contain a sequence of 85 nucleotides, the
5583:
3580:"Immunofluorescence detection of new antigen-antibody system (delta/anti-delta) associated to hepatitis B virus in liver and in serum of HBsAg carriers"
3786:"Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta virus genotypes in outbreaks of fulminant hepatitis (Labrea black fever) in the western Brazilian Amazon region"
3262:
MYR Pharmaceuticals receives
Conditional Marketing Authorisation by the European Commission for bulevirtide in the European Union for Hepatitis B and D
4429:
4137:
Barros LM, Gomes-GouvĂŞa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-CorrĂŞa MC, Caldas AJ, Sousa MT, Santos MD, Ferreira AS (September 2011).
3217:
1152:
been isolated from South
America. This genotype is usually only found in Africa and may have been imported into South America during the slave trade.
4571:
6087:
7061:
6940:
1184:
763:
694:. The hepatitis B vaccine is routinely given soon after birth (usually within 24 hours) to protect against hepatitis B and D viral infection.
7074:
6953:
5162:
5682:
793:) was safe, well tolerated and has led to a significant improvement in biochemical variables and an increase in liver function parameters.
3846:"Hepatitis B Virus and Delta Infection: Special Considerations in the Indigenous and Isolated Riverside Populations in the Amazon Region"
5721:
4828:
4659:
2707:
Radjef N, Gordien E, Ivaniushina V, Gault E, AnaĂŻs P, Drugan T, Trinchet JC, Roulot D, Tamby M, Milinkovitch MC, DĂ©ny P (March 2004).
4699:
2887:"Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices"
7035:
6927:
1167:
A few other viruses with similarity to HDV have been described in species other than humans. Unlike HDV, none of them depend on a
5576:
903:
3671:
Wang KS, Choo QL, Weiner AJ, Ou JH, Najarian RC, Thayer RM, Mullenbach GT, Denniston KJ, Gerin JL, Houghton M (Oct 9–15, 1986).
3052:
4350:"[The evolution of knowledge about viral hepatitis in Amazon region: from epidemiology and etiology to the prophilaxy]"
1128:
10 substitutions per site per year. The mutation rate varied with position : the hypervariable region evolved faster (4.55
2451:"Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression"
5949:
4564:
2828:
2572:
2500:"By inhibiting replication, the large hepatitis delta antigen can indirectly regulate amber/W editing and its own expression"
1781:
552:
5861:
5601:
3198:
624:
4792:
428:(HDAg) for each genome. The central region of HDAg has been shown to bind RNA. Several interactions are also mediated by a
2248:"RNA-templated replication of hepatitis delta virus: genomic and antigenomic RNAs associate with different nuclear bodies"
4849:
1208:
1999:"Fine mapping of pre-S sequence requirements for hepatitis B virus large envelope protein-mediated receptor interaction"
6162:
5569:
6834:
6681:
5168:
4694:
4651:
4303:
7087:
6579:
5154:
5083:
4557:
4178:
Karimzadeh H, Kiraithe MM, Oberhardt V, Salimi Alizei E, Bockmann J, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, et al. (May 2019).
7079:
6958:
4453:
463:
bile transporter. HDV recognizes its receptor via the N-terminal domain of the large hepatitis B surface antigen,
6905:
6720:
6332:
6315:
5820:
5815:
5692:
2095:
Lehmann E, Brueckner F, Cramer P (November 2007). "Molecular basis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase II activity".
2048:"Characterization of nuclear targeting signal of hepatitis delta antigen: nuclear transport as a protein complex"
4180:"Mutations in Hepatitis D Virus Allow It to Escape Detection by CD8+ T Cells and Evolve at the Population Level"
3784:
Gomes-GouvĂŞa MS, Soares MC, Bensabath G, de
Carvalho-Mello IM, Brito EM, Souza OS, et al. (November 2009).
1487:"Estimating the Global Prevalence, Disease Progression, and Clinical Outcome of Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection"
6574:
6530:
6424:
6246:
5845:
4753:
4739:
2647:"Role of the antigenic loop of the hepatitis B virus envelope proteins in infectivity of hepatitis delta virus"
1848:"Recombinant identification, molecular classification and proposed reference genomes for hepatitis delta virus"
775:
480:
612:
6785:
6631:
5114:
1261:
5191:
3473:
6540:
6059:
5667:
4958:
4952:
4863:
4857:
4747:
3225:
1899:"Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus"
3986:
Chao YC, Tang HS, Hsu CT (August 1994). "Evolution rate of hepatitis delta virus RNA isolated in Taiwan".
3427:"REP 2139: Antiviral Mechanisms and Applications in Achieving Functional Control of HBV and HDV Infection"
2867:
5754:
5321:
5247:
5241:
4914:
1699:"Phylogeny of viroids, viroidlike satellite RNAs, and the viroidlike domain of hepatitis delta virus RNA"
843:
706:
701:
have been shown to prevent the transmission of hepatitis B, and most likely hepatitis D viral infection.
487:, which self-cleaves the linear RNA into monomers. These monomers are then ligated to form circular RNA.
853:
South
America in association with severe hepatitis. Genotypes 5, 6, 7, 8 have been found only in Africa.
7125:
6120:
6049:
5650:
798:
755:
729:
or other personal care items which may have been contaminated by potentially infectious bodily fluids.
608:
290:
7115:
7092:
6393:
6349:
6302:
6108:
5726:
5378:
4985:
4426:
767:
691:
565:
440:
406:
2663:
7130:
6739:
6419:
6054:
6012:
5825:
5700:
5687:
5657:
5628:
5087:
4999:
4904:
4734:
4707:
4679:
4612:
4521:
4227:
Paraskevopoulou S, Pirzer F, Goldmann N, Schmid J, Corman VM, Gottula LT, et al. (July 2020).
2598:"Mutational analysis of delta antigen: effect on assembly and replication of hepatitis delta virus"
1062:
4139:"Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves?"
268:
6664:
6441:
6182:
5974:
5633:
4883:
3937:
Alvarado-Mora MV, Romano CM, Gomes-GouvĂŞa MS, Gutierrez MF, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR (August 2011).
64:
4549:
1765:
1757:
1593:
Poisson F, Roingeard P, Baillou A, Dubois F, Bonelli F, Calogero RA, Goudeau A (November 1993).
1436:
Fattovich G, Giustina G, Christensen E, Pantalena M, Zagni I, Realdi G, Schalm SW (March 2000).
6945:
6867:
6744:
6468:
6451:
5835:
5711:
5662:
5623:
5593:
5277:
5255:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5077:
5015:
4909:
4870:
4673:
2844:
2820:
2658:
2400:
Weiner AJ, Choo QL, Wang KS, Govindarajan S, Redeker AG, Gerin JL, Houghton M (February 1988).
1412:
1236:
1101:
965:
743:
7066:
2556:
2548:
1159:
can control the virus, but it has been found HDV mutates to escape detection by CD8+ T cells.
6676:
6595:
6584:
6545:
6473:
5776:
5262:
4843:
4713:
4684:
1008:
4088:
Le Gal F, Gault E, Ripault MP, Serpaggi J, Trinchet JC, Gordien E, DĂ©ny P (September 2006).
2812:
7022:
7000:
6914:
6715:
6659:
6480:
6376:
5959:
5954:
5788:
5706:
5672:
5526:
5358:
4993:
4822:
4244:
4042:
3950:
3684:
2351:
2304:
2104:
1710:
1370:
591:
423:. The HDV virion is a small, spherical, enveloped particle with a 36 nm diameter; its
285:
4444:
2125:
8:
6809:
6619:
6512:
6495:
6456:
6429:
6381:
6224:
6201:
6194:
6143:
6115:
6037:
6032:
6027:
5944:
5561:
4944:
4665:
4510:
3826:
3102:"Late HDV RNA relapse after peginterferon alpha-based therapy of chronic hepatitis delta"
2207:"The hepatitis delta virus RNA genome interacts with the human RNA polymerases I and III"
1124:
10 substitutions per site per year. Another study found an overall evolution rate of 3.18
1012:
949:
710:
149:
4248:
4046:
3954:
3939:"Dynamics of hepatitis D (delta) virus genotype 3 in the Amazon region of South America"
3688:
2797:
2355:
2308:
2108:
1714:
1485:
Miao Z, Zhang S, Ou X, Li S, Ma Z, Wang W, Peppelenbosch MP, Liu J, Pan Q (April 2020).
1374:
1140:
10 substitutions per site per year). A third study suggested a mutation rate between 9.5
1132:
10 substitutions per site per year) than the hepatitis delta antigen coding region (2.60
7120:
6821:
6686:
6669:
6654:
6641:
6624:
6490:
6125:
6017:
5989:
5923:
5749:
5645:
5610:
5338:
5333:
5047:
4803:
4515:
4267:
4228:
4204:
4179:
4114:
4089:
4065:
4030:
4011:
3919:
3870:
3845:
3710:
3653:
3604:
3579:
3534:
3509:
3454:
3402:
3377:
3352:
3325:
3180:
3131:
3077:
3028:
3003:
2984:
2911:
2681:
2672:
2646:
2466:
2272:
2247:
2182:
2157:
2138:
2023:
1998:
1979:
1925:
1898:
1874:
1847:
1511:
1486:
1462:
1437:
1394:
1051:
988:
54:
47:
3393:
2886:
2733:
2708:
2622:
2597:
2524:
2499:
2475:
2450:
2426:
2401:
2374:
2339:
2072:
2047:
1652:
1635:
1298:
7009:
6799:
6780:
6153:
5511:
5462:
5443:
5424:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5119:
5024:
4728:
4606:
4532:
4406:
4371:
4336:
4299:
4272:
4209:
4160:
4119:
4070:
4003:
3968:
3911:
3875:
3807:
3766:
3762:
3702:
3645:
3609:
3539:
3446:
3407:
3357:
3296:
3172:
3167:
3150:
3135:
3123:
3082:
3033:
2988:
2976:
2916:
2824:
2813:
2779:
2738:
2686:
2627:
2578:
2568:
2529:
2515:
2480:
2431:
2379:
2320:
2277:
2228:
2187:
2130:
2077:
2028:
1971:
1930:
1879:
1828:
1787:
1777:
1738:
1733:
1698:
1657:
1616:
1516:
1467:
1386:
1343:
1302:
898:
665:
599:
557:
82:
38:
4401:
4384:
4366:
4349:
4331:
4314:
4015:
3657:
3458:
3184:
2724:
1983:
972:. The disease has also been diagnosed in Colombia and Peru. It is now known to be a
713:
within 12 hours of birth to prevent transmission of the virus from mother to child.
533:
6846:
6766:
6761:
6751:
6613:
6485:
6413:
6231:
6138:
6133:
6063:
6022:
5830:
5795:
5486:
5196:
4876:
4808:
4689:
4620:
4396:
4361:
4326:
4262:
4252:
4199:
4191:
4155:
4150:
4138:
4109:
4101:
4060:
4050:
3995:
3958:
3903:
3865:
3857:
3797:
3758:
3714:
3692:
3637:
3599:
3591:
3529:
3521:
3485:
3438:
3397:
3389:
3347:
3337:
3288:
3246:
3162:
3113:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3023:
3015:
2968:
2906:
2898:
2769:
2728:
2720:
2676:
2668:
2617:
2609:
2560:
2519:
2511:
2470:
2462:
2421:
2413:
2369:
2359:
2312:
2267:
2259:
2218:
2177:
2169:
2142:
2120:
2112:
2067:
2059:
2018:
2010:
1961:
1950:"Characterization of a hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus receptor binding site"
1948:
Engelke M, Mills K, Seitz S, Simon P, Gripon P, Schnölzer M, Urban S (April 2006).
1920:
1910:
1869:
1859:
1818:
1769:
1728:
1718:
1647:
1606:
1506:
1498:
1457:
1449:
1398:
1378:
1333:
1294:
1174:
831:
587:
43:
7014:
5450:
2613:
2417:
2063:
1807:"Cloning and sequencing of RNA of hepatitis delta virus isolated from human serum"
6985:
6804:
6734:
6600:
6535:
6500:
6371:
6236:
6172:
6074:
5993:
5984:
5934:
5874:
5759:
5736:
5410:
5315:
5235:
5224:
5095:
5059:
4979:
4765:
4626:
4526:
4229:"Mammalian deltavirus without hepadnavirus coinfection in the neotropical rodent
4195:
4055:
3963:
3938:
3923:
1846:
Miao Z, Zhang S, Ma Z, Hakim MS, Wang W, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q (January 2019).
1684:
1611:
1594:
1047:
960:, where it occurs mostly in the area south of the Amazon River, in the states of
642:
545:
160:(HBV). Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (
117:
3673:"Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta (delta) viral genome"
3525:
3442:
3276:
3019:
2774:
2757:
2223:
2206:
1823:
1806:
6890:
6841:
6756:
6310:
6283:
6148:
6083:
6079:
5969:
5939:
4646:
4237:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3728:
Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA (2005). "Deltavirus".
3575:
2344:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2340:"Human hepatitis delta virus RNA subfragments contain an autocleavage activity"
1703:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1169:
1113:
1042:
in many cases. The disease is highly lethal: in a study carried out in 1986 at
977:
754:
Current established treatments for chronic hepatitis D include conventional or
721:
669:
468:
424:
165:
153:
4537:
4500:
4496:
3907:
3578:, Canese MG, Aricò S, Crivelli O, Trepo C, Bonino F, Verme G (December 1977).
2959:
Asselah, Tarik; Rizzetto, Mario (6 July 2023). "Hepatitis D Virus Infection".
2173:
848:
7109:
6774:
6727:
6520:
6463:
6446:
6358:
6103:
5930:
5805:
5771:
5716:
4641:
4636:
4584:
3300:
1156:
810:
327:
4257:
3783:
3490:
3426:
2564:
2316:
1773:
1723:
1502:
6649:
6561:
6434:
6337:
6288:
6273:
6268:
6264:
6177:
6002:
5918:
5810:
5800:
5766:
5502:
5352:
5030:
4891:
4434:
4410:
4375:
4340:
4276:
4213:
4164:
4123:
4105:
4074:
3999:
3972:
3915:
3879:
3811:
3802:
3785:
3641:
3543:
3450:
3411:
3376:
Ramazan; Yurdaydin, Cihan; Glenn, Jeffrey S.; Heller, Theo (October 2015).
3361:
3176:
3127:
3086:
3037:
2980:
2920:
2902:
2783:
2742:
2690:
2582:
2533:
2484:
2364:
2281:
2232:
2191:
2134:
2032:
1975:
1934:
1883:
1791:
1520:
1471:
1347:
1320:
Magnius L, Taylor J, Mason WS, Sureau C, DĂ©ny P, Norder H (December 2018).
1306:
1043:
1039:
961:
957:
444:
177:
4385:"Fulminant hepatic failure in children and adolescents in Northern Brazil"
4007:
3770:
3730:
Eight Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. London
3706:
3649:
3595:
3292:
2972:
2631:
2435:
2383:
2324:
2081:
1832:
1742:
1661:
1620:
1390:
778:, blocking hepatitis D virus (as well as hepatitis B virus) from entering
561:
7048:
6994:
6899:
6829:
6591:
6569:
6400:
6320:
5964:
5865:
5618:
5542:
5491:
5467:
5455:
5429:
5399:
5301:
5140:
5052:
5035:
4970:
4631:
2555:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 307. pp.
2263:
2014:
1764:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 307. pp.
1453:
1338:
1321:
1179:
992:
973:
802:
790:
771:
429:
419:
315:
161:
157:
145:
141:
137:
133:
105:
7040:
6932:
4177:
3936:
3613:
3342:
3277:"Bulevirtide Combined with Pegylated Interferon for Chronic Hepatitis D"
2116:
1915:
969:
7053:
6605:
6278:
6256:
5901:
5840:
5392:
5176:
4933:
1089:
1024:
806:
779:
475:
433:
164:) or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (
100:
4479:
3118:
3101:
1966:
1949:
1864:
1634:
Zuccola HJ, Rozzelle JE, Lemon SM, Erickson BW, Hogle JM (July 1998).
1136:
10 substitutions per site per year) and the autocatalytic region (1.11
6555:
6525:
6388:
6366:
6219:
6070:
6044:
5906:
5896:
5783:
5744:
5677:
5437:
5418:
5385:
5373:
5367:
5346:
5292:
5220:
5106:
5068:
4837:
4816:
4722:
4600:
4592:
4580:
3861:
3697:
3672:
1435:
1382:
1081:
1035:
1032:
1016:
934:
786:
739:
410:
173:
129:
6861:
4136:
1758:"The role of the HBV envelope proteins in the HDV replication cycle"
1636:"Structural basis of the oligomerization of hepatitis delta antigen"
1595:"Characterization of RNA-binding domains of hepatitis delta antigen"
1266:
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
953:
789:
and clinically significant portal hypertension, the treatment with (
6979:
6884:
6189:
6167:
5879:
5535:
5182:
4924:
4780:
4226:
3051:
Abbas Z, Khan MA, Salih M, Jafri W (December 2011). Abbas Z (ed.).
1680:
1574:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021
1020:
1000:
996:
984:
823:
540:
484:
3273:
1066:
1057:
The main discovery of delta virus and HBV association was done by
6241:
6007:
5911:
5883:
5288:
4579:
1093:
827:
717:
698:
637:
460:
448:
4383:
Fonseca JC, Souza RA, Brasil LM, AraĂşjo JR, Ferreira LC (2004).
2338:
Wu HN, Lin YJ, Lin FP, Makino S, Chang MF, Lai MM (March 1989).
1213:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
1070:
6919:
6707:
6325:
6211:
4897:
4491:
3727:
2798:"U.S. National Library of Medicine "Delta Agent (hepatitis D)""
1571:
809:
prevents hepatitis D viral particle assembly by inhibiting the
726:
619:
504:
7027:
4028:
3099:
774:) to treat hepatitis D. Bulevirtide binds and inactivates the
6157:
5887:
5548:
5307:
4939:
3825:
Tommolino E, Piper MH, Sears D (2021-04-03). Anand BS (ed.).
2706:
2158:"Specific HDV RNA-templated transcription by pol II in vitro"
1997:
Schulze A, Schieck A, Ni Y, Mier W, Urban S (February 2010).
1697:
Elena SF, Dopazo J, Flores R, Diener TO, Moya A (July 1991).
1592:
1077:
1004:
464:
302:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2204:
1633:
3747:
3626:
3574:
2294:
1676:
1028:
581:
528:
459:
Like hepatitis B, HDV gains entry into liver cells via the
413:(or virus-like particles) classified together as the genus
5591:
4087:
3892:
2399:
725:
others. Those with hepatitis B or D should also not share
405:
The hepatitis delta viruses, or HDV, are eight species of
4774:
4220:
3191:
2855:
893:
Lábrea's black fever, Lábrea hepatitis, Santa Marta fever
801:
and activation of anti-viral cell mediated immunity. The
4382:
2549:"Structure and replication of hepatitis delta virus RNA"
2497:
1804:
1360:
1319:
1046:, also in the Amazon, 39 patients out of 44 died in the
1696:
156:) because it can propagate only in the presence of the
2205:
Greco-Stewart VS, Schissel E, Pelchat M (March 2009).
2094:
1947:
1675:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
705:
that all infants of women with HBV infection be given
3326:"Experimental Drugs for the Treatment of Hepatitis D"
1543:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
461:
sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP)
4469:
4389:
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
4354:
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
4319:
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
1996:
4315:"[Hepatitis fulminant in Brazilian Amazon]"
4296:
Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prevention
3824:
3374:
3050:
2498:Sato S, Cornillez-Ty C, Lazinski DW (August 2004).
2245:
1805:Saldanha JA, Thomas HC, Monjardino JP (July 1990).
3510:"Hepatitis D Virus: Introduction and Epidemiology"
2155:
3930:
3743:
3741:
3739:
2246:Li YJ, Macnaughton T, Gao L, Lai MM (July 2006).
509:oligomerization domain of hepatitis delta antigen
7107:
3670:
3323:
3001:
2954:
2952:
2950:
1845:
1076:Infected patients show extensive destruction of
4347:
3827:"Fatty Liver: Overview, Etiology, Epidemiology"
3324:Sandmann, Lisa; Cornberg, Markus (April 2021).
3148:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2815:Desk Encyclopedia of Human and Medical Virology
2046:Xia YP, Yeh CT, Ou JH, Lai MM (February 1992).
4090:"Eighth major clade for hepatitis delta virus"
3736:
3142:
2595:
2337:
1285:Farci P (2003). "Delta hepatitis: an update".
1185:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
764:Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
5577:
4565:
3418:
3317:
2702:
2700:
2596:Chang MF, Chen CJ, Chang SC (February 1994).
2395:
2393:
1484:
1031:commonly appear. These symptoms arise from a
649:
5683:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
3843:
2927:
2644:
1896:
1890:
1050:phase of the disease. Survivors may develop
3985:
3514:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
3057:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3008:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
2045:
1627:
1586:
1278:
5722:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
5584:
5570:
4829:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
4572:
4558:
4312:
4130:
3053:"Interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis D"
2697:
2448:
2390:
2156:Filipovska J, Konarska MM (January 2000).
1527:
503:
267:
4700:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
4400:
4365:
4330:
4266:
4256:
4203:
4154:
4113:
4081:
4064:
4054:
3962:
3886:
3869:
3801:
3696:
3603:
3533:
3489:
3401:
3351:
3341:
3215:
3166:
3117:
3076:
3027:
2910:
2868:"Hepatitis D - American Liver Foundation"
2773:
2732:
2680:
2662:
2621:
2523:
2474:
2425:
2373:
2363:
2271:
2222:
2181:
2124:
2071:
2022:
1965:
1924:
1914:
1873:
1863:
1822:
1732:
1722:
1651:
1610:
1510:
1461:
1337:
1322:"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Deltavirus"
785:In patients with HDV-related compensated
759:relapse after therapy has been reported.
4022:
3979:
3507:
3471:
3424:
3368:
2884:
847:
643:adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)
4293:
3474:"Epidemiology of the Hepatitis D virus"
2837:
1566:
1564:
980:of hepatitis B (HBV) with hepatitis D.
952:discovered in the 1950s in the city of
400:
176:, with an increased risk of developing
7108:
3149:Pascarella S, Negro F (January 2011).
3002:Yurdaydin C, Idilman R (August 2015).
2755:
2546:
1755:
983:Lábrea fever has a sudden onset, with
742:or non-invasive liver imaging such as
95:Antivirals, pegylated interferon alpha
6866:
6865:
6706:
5950:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
5565:
4553:
3844:Cabezas C, Braga W (September 2020).
3503:
3501:
2878:
2810:
1284:
3330:Journal of Experimental Pharmacology
2449:Jayan GC, Casey JL (December 2002).
1561:
1231:
1229:
4850:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
3550:
2645:Jaoudé GA, Sureau C (August 2005).
1203:
1201:
1199:
498:Hepatitis delta virus delta antigen
13:
3498:
2819:. Boston: Academic Press. p.
2673:10.1128/jvi.79.16.10460-10466.2005
2467:10.1128/JVI.76.23.12399-12404.2002
1491:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
1162:
770:approved the antiviral Hepcludex (
59:Feeling tired, nausea and vomiting
14:
7142:
6835:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
6682:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
5169:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
4695:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
4419:
3943:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
2891:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
1226:
675:
664:co-infected. HDV is rare in most
636:A significant difference between
490:
6580:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
5155:Middle East respiratory syndrome
3763:10.1001/jama.1987.03400040077025
3425:Vaillant, Andrew (10 May 2019).
3253:. Springer Nature Switzerland AG
3168:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02320.x
2516:10.1128/JVI.78.15.8120-8134.2004
1196:
668:, and is mostly associated with
289:
276:Schematic representation of the
5821:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
5816:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
5693:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
4402:10.1590/S0037-86822004000100019
4367:10.1590/S0037-86822004000700003
4332:10.1590/s0037-86822004000700015
4286:
4171:
3837:
3818:
3790:The Journal of General Virology
3777:
3721:
3664:
3620:
3568:
3465:
3382:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
3307:
3281:New England Journal of Medicine
3267:
3239:
3209:
3093:
3044:
2995:
2961:New England Journal of Medicine
2804:
2790:
2749:
2725:10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004
2638:
2589:
2540:
2491:
2442:
2331:
2288:
2239:
2198:
2149:
2088:
2039:
1990:
1941:
1839:
1811:The Journal of General Virology
1798:
1749:
1690:
1668:
1599:The Journal of General Virology
1326:The Journal of General Virology
874:
837:
658:
6575:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
6425:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
6247:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
4754:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
4740:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
4348:Bensabath G, Soares M (2004).
4156:10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.006
3314:doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.07.016
3151:"Hepatitis D virus: an update"
3069:10.1002/14651858.CD006002.pub2
2126:11858/00-001M-0000-0015-7EE1-9
1572:"Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release"
1478:
1429:
1405:
1354:
1313:
1254:
776:sodium/bile acid cotransporter
481:hepatitis delta virus ribozyme
1:
6632:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
3394:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00074-2
2614:10.1128/JVI.68.2.646-653.1994
2418:10.1128/JVI.62.2.594-599.1988
2064:10.1128/JVI.66.2.914-921.1992
1653:10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00084-7
1299:10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00331-3
1190:
684:
576:Available protein structures:
454:
6541:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
6060:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
5668:Esophageal motility disorder
4959:Tropical spastic paraparesis
4864:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
4196:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.003
4094:Emerging Infectious Diseases
4056:10.1371/journal.pone.0158557
3964:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.05.020
3004:"Therapy of Delta Hepatitis"
1612:10.1099/0022-1317-74-11-2473
1148:10 substitutions/site/year.
1107:
816:
749:
732:
148:. HDV is considered to be a
128:). HDV is one of five known
7:
5322:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
5242:Human parainfluenza viruses
4915:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
3988:Journal of Medical Virology
3526:10.1101/cshperspect.a021576
3443:10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00156
3216:Francisco EM (2020-05-29).
3020:10.1101/cshperspect.a021543
2775:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033
2224:10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.007
1824:10.1099/0022-1317-71-7-1603
844:Epidemiology of Hepatitis D
707:hepatitis B immune globulin
254:
10:
7147:
6526:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
6050:Functional colonic disease
5846:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
3247:"Bulevirtide - MYR Pharma"
2756:Taylor JM (January 2006).
1852:Journal of Viral Hepatitis
1674:
1015:(ALF). In the last phase,
861:
841:
799:JAK-STAT signaling pathway
756:pegylated interferon alpha
650:Antigenic loop infectivity
6969:
6874:
6820:
6699:
6640:
6554:
6511:
6357:
6348:
6301:
6255:
6210:
6096:
5983:
5873:
5860:
5735:
5727:Acute esophageal necrosis
5609:
5600:
5525:
5501:
5409:
5332:
5287:
5276:
5105:
5067:
5046:
5014:
4986:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
4969:
4923:
4802:
4791:
4764:
4591:
4473:
4430:Fact sheet on Hepatitis D
4427:World Health Organization
3908:10.1007/s00705-011-1120-y
3222:European Medicines Agency
3203:European Medicines Agency
2174:10.1017/S1355838200991167
1262:"Hepatitis (Viral) NIDDK"
1073:, and her collaborators.
933:
925:
917:
909:
897:
889:
884:
768:European Medicines Agency
692:World Health Organization
618:
598:
580:
575:
571:
551:
539:
527:
519:
514:
502:
497:
352:
347:
284:
275:
266:
261:
99:
91:
81:
73:
63:
53:
37:
29:
24:
5826:Gastric dumping syndrome
5701:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
5688:Diffuse esophageal spasm
5088:Infectious mononucleosis
4905:Chandipura vesiculovirus
4735:Hepatocellular carcinoma
4680:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
4613:Hepatocellular carcinoma
4294:Specter SC, ed. (1999).
3508:Rizzetto M (July 2015).
2885:Schillie, Sarah (2018).
1535:"ICTV 9th Report (2011)
1063:Instituto Evandro Chagas
16:Human infectious disease
6442:Alcoholic liver disease
5975:Bile acid malabsorption
5919:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
4884:Encephalitis lethargica
4585:viral systemic diseases
4258:10.1073/pnas.2006750117
4231:Proechimys semispinosus
3478:WikiJournal of Medicine
3431:ACS Infectious Diseases
2758:"Hepatitis delta virus"
2565:10.1007/3-540-29802-9_1
2317:10.1126/science.2492676
1774:10.1007/3-540-29802-9_6
1724:10.1073/pnas.88.13.5631
1092:containing delta virus
356:Deltavirus cameroonense
6452:Hepatic encephalopathy
5836:Buried bumper syndrome
5767:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
5651:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
5594:human digestive system
5256:Human orthopneumovirus
4910:Herpesviral meningitis
4871:Arbovirus encephalitis
4313:da Fonseca JC (2004).
4106:10.3201/eid1209.060112
4000:10.1002/jmv.1890430414
3850:Clinical Liver Disease
3803:10.1099/vir.0.013615-0
3642:10.1002/hep.1840010602
2903:10.15585/mmwr.rr6701a1
2365:10.1073/pnas.86.6.1831
1104:in the Amazon region.
1088:, comprised mainly by
854:
744:transient elastography
697:Latex or polyurethane
381:Deltavirus senegalense
262:Hepatitis delta virus
247:Vaccine (hepatitis B)
6906:Hepatitis delta virus
6876:Hepatitis delta virus
6677:Pancreatic pseudocyst
6546:Porcelain gallbladder
5658:Zenker's diverticulum
4714:Merkel-cell carcinoma
4462:NCBI Taxonomy Browser
4456:Hepatitis delta virus
3596:10.1136/gut.18.12.997
3491:10.15347/wjm/2020.001
3293:10.1056/NEJMoa2314134
2973:10.1056/NEJMra2212151
2553:Hepatitis Delta Virus
1762:Hepatitis Delta Virus
1503:10.1093/infdis/jiz633
1287:Journal of Hepatology
1209:"Hepatitis D | NIDDK"
1017:neurological symptoms
851:
386:Deltavirus taiwanense
278:Hepatitis delta virus
245:Hyperimmune globulin
238:Passive immunization
122:hepatitis delta virus
6481:Hepatorenal syndrome
6420:Budd–Chiari syndrome
6377:Autoimmune hepatitis
6202:Intestinal adhesions
5960:Short bowel syndrome
5789:Functional dyspepsia
5707:Esophageal stricture
5673:Nutcracker esophagus
5359:Adenovirus infection
4823:Human polyomavirus 2
4652:Oropharyngeal cancer
3896:Archives of Virology
3796:(Pt 11): 2638–2643.
2264:10.1128/JVI.02650-05
2015:10.1128/JVI.01902-09
1454:10.1136/gut.46.3.420
1339:10.1099/jgv.0.001150
991:(lack of appetite),
670:intravenous drug use
401:Structure and genome
371:Deltavirus japanense
366:Deltavirus italiense
286:Virus classification
241:Active immunization
6620:Choledocholithiasis
6491:Metabolic disorders
6457:Acute liver failure
6430:Portal hypertension
6382:Alcoholic hepatitis
6225:Radiation proctitis
6144:Mesenteric ischemia
6116:Gastroenterocolitis
5945:Blind loop syndrome
5755:Ménétrier's disease
5663:Barrett's esophagus
4945:Post-polio syndrome
4581:Infectious diseases
4249:2020PNAS..11717977P
4243:(30): 17977–17983.
4047:2016PLoSO..1158557H
3955:2011InfGE..11.1462A
3689:1986Natur.323..508W
3472:Rizzetto M (2020).
3343:10.2147/JEP.S235550
3155:Liver International
2872:liverfoundation.org
2713:Journal of Virology
2651:Journal of Virology
2602:Journal of Virology
2504:Journal of Virology
2455:Journal of Virology
2406:Journal of Virology
2356:1989PNAS...86.1831W
2309:1989Sci...243..649B
2252:Journal of Virology
2117:10.1038/nature06290
2109:2007Natur.450..445L
2052:Journal of Virology
2003:Journal of Virology
1916:10.7554/eLife.00049
1715:1991PNAS...88.5631E
1375:1987Natur.329..343M
1293:(Suppl 1): S212–9.
1019:such as agitation,
1013:acute liver failure
956:, in the Brazilian
711:hepatitis B vaccine
666:developed countries
445:closed circular RNA
443:, single-stranded,
417:, within the realm
376:Deltavirus peruense
185:
6795:Undefined location
6786:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
6687:Pancreatic fistula
6670:Pancreatic abscess
6625:Biliary dyskinesia
6596:Mirizzi's syndrome
6097:Large and/or small
5777:Dieulafoy's lesion
5646:Boerhaave syndrome
5078:Epstein–Barr virus
5048:Respiratory system
4685:Burkitt's lymphoma
4360:(Suppl 2): 14–26.
2547:Taylor JM (2006).
1549:on 30 January 2019
1059:Gilberta Bensabath
1011:. Death occurs by
950:tropical infection
904:Infectious disease
855:
439:The HDV genome is
391:Deltavirus togense
361:Deltavirus carense
212:Incubation Period
184:
48:infectious disease
7126:Satellite viruses
7103:
7102:
6868:Taxon identifiers
6859:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6695:
6694:
6297:
6296:
6154:Bowel obstruction
5856:
5855:
5559:
5558:
5521:
5520:
5272:
5271:
5203:Influenza virus A
5120:Human coronavirus
5010:
5009:
5000:Herpes of the eye
4547:
4546:
4325:(Suppl 2): 93–5.
3388:(10): 1167–1174.
3119:10.1002/hep.27102
2830:978-0-12-375147-8
2811:Tayor JM (2009).
2574:978-3-540-29801-4
2461:(23): 12399–404.
1967:10.1002/hep.21112
1865:10.1111/jvh.13010
1783:978-3-540-29801-4
1756:Sureau C (2006).
1605:(Pt 11): 2473–8.
1497:(10): 1677–1687.
1332:(12): 1565–1566.
943:
942:
879:Medical condition
762:In May 2020, the
634:
633:
630:
629:
625:structure summary
483:, that acts as a
398:
397:
252:
251:
158:hepatitis B virus
111:
110:
83:Diagnostic method
77:Hepatitis D virus
19:Medical condition
7138:
7116:Protein families
7096:
7095:
7083:
7082:
7070:
7069:
7057:
7056:
7044:
7043:
7031:
7030:
7018:
7017:
7005:
7004:
7003:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6962:
6961:
6949:
6948:
6936:
6935:
6923:
6922:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6863:
6862:
6847:Pneumoperitoneum
6704:
6703:
6614:Common bile duct
6496:Wilson's disease
6486:Peliosis hepatis
6355:
6354:
6232:Proctalgia fugax
6139:Abdominal angina
6064:Ogilvie syndrome
6013:Pseudomembranous
5871:
5870:
5831:Gastric volvulus
5796:Pyloric stenosis
5607:
5606:
5592:Diseases of the
5586:
5579:
5572:
5563:
5562:
5285:
5284:
5280:digestive system
5197:Orthomyxoviridae
5163:SARS coronavirus
5149:MERS coronavirus
5065:
5064:
4877:Orthomyxoviridae
4800:
4799:
4766:Immune disorders
4690:Hodgkin lymphoma
4666:Kaposi's sarcoma
4574:
4567:
4560:
4551:
4550:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4414:
4404:
4379:
4369:
4344:
4334:
4309:
4298:. Humana Press.
4281:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4207:
4190:(6): 1820–1833.
4184:Gastroenterology
4175:
4169:
4168:
4158:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4068:
4058:
4026:
4020:
4019:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3862:10.1002/cld.1009
3841:
3835:
3834:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3805:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3745:
3734:
3733:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3700:
3698:10.1038/323508a0
3683:(6088): 508–14.
3668:
3662:
3661:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3590:(12): 997–1003.
3572:
3566:
3565:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3224:. Archived from
3213:
3207:
3206:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3170:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3121:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3063:(12): CD006002.
3048:
3042:
3041:
3031:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2956:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2818:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2704:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2666:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2303:(4891): 649–52.
2292:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2009:(4): 1989–2000.
1994:
1988:
1987:
1969:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1867:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1694:
1688:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1545:. Archived from
1531:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1383:10.1038/329343a0
1358:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1205:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1027:and hemorrhagic
882:
881:
832:immunodeficiency
573:
572:
507:
495:
494:
409:single-stranded
294:
293:
271:
259:
258:
199:Delta hepatitis
186:
183:
87:Immunoglobulin G
44:Gastroenterology
22:
21:
7146:
7145:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7131:Viral hepatitis
7106:
7105:
7104:
7099:
7091:
7086:
7078:
7073:
7065:
7060:
7052:
7047:
7039:
7034:
7026:
7021:
7013:
7008:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6984:
6983:
6978:
6965:
6957:
6952:
6944:
6939:
6931:
6926:
6918:
6913:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6889:
6888:
6883:
6870:
6860:
6851:
6816:
6805:Internal hernia
6691:
6636:
6601:Biliary fistula
6559:
6550:
6536:Adenomyomatosis
6531:Cholesterolosis
6507:
6501:Hemochromatosis
6372:Viral hepatitis
6344:
6293:
6251:
6237:Rectal prolapse
6206:
6173:Fecal impaction
6163:Intussusception
6126:Crohn's disease
6092:
6075:Toxic megacolon
5987:
5985:Large intestine
5979:
5924:Curling's ulcer
5877:
5875:Small intestine
5864:
5852:
5760:Gastroenteritis
5731:
5596:
5590:
5560:
5555:
5517:
5497:
5405:
5379:Gastroenteritis
5337:
5334:Gastroenteritis
5328:
5316:Cytomegalovirus
5279:
5268:
5236:Paramyxoviridae
5225:Avian influenza
5101:
5096:Cytomegalovirus
5060:viral pneumonia
5058:
5055:nasopharyngitis
5054:
5051:
5042:
5006:
4980:Cytomegalovirus
4965:
4919:
4807:
4794:
4787:
4760:
4627:Cervical cancer
4587:
4578:
4548:
4543:
4542:
4482:
4468:
4452:
4422:
4417:
4306:
4289:
4284:
4225:
4221:
4176:
4172:
4135:
4131:
4086:
4082:
4041:(6): e0158557.
4027:
4023:
3984:
3980:
3935:
3931:
3902:(12): 2215–20.
3891:
3887:
3842:
3838:
3823:
3819:
3782:
3778:
3746:
3737:
3726:
3722:
3669:
3665:
3625:
3621:
3573:
3569:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3506:
3499:
3470:
3466:
3423:
3419:
3373:
3369:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3272:
3268:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3231:
3229:
3214:
3210:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3147:
3143:
3098:
3094:
3049:
3045:
3014:(10): a021543.
3000:
2996:
2957:
2928:
2883:
2879:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2809:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2754:
2750:
2705:
2698:
2664:10.1.1.570.4147
2657:(16): 10460–6.
2643:
2639:
2594:
2590:
2575:
2545:
2541:
2510:(15): 8120–34.
2496:
2492:
2447:
2443:
2398:
2391:
2336:
2332:
2293:
2289:
2258:(13): 6478–86.
2244:
2240:
2203:
2199:
2154:
2150:
2103:(7168): 445–9.
2093:
2089:
2044:
2040:
1995:
1991:
1946:
1942:
1895:
1891:
1844:
1840:
1803:
1799:
1784:
1754:
1750:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1673:
1669:
1632:
1628:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1483:
1479:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1369:(6137): 343–6.
1359:
1355:
1318:
1314:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1165:
1163:Related species
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1110:
929:HBV vaccination
880:
877:
864:
846:
840:
819:
752:
735:
709:(HBIG) and the
687:
678:
661:
652:
510:
493:
469:RNA polymerases
457:
403:
288:
257:
118:viral hepatitis
33:Hepatitis delta
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7144:
7134:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7097:
7084:
7071:
7058:
7045:
7032:
7019:
7006:
6991:
6975:
6973:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6950:
6937:
6924:
6911:
6896:
6880:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6842:Hemoperitoneum
6839:
6838:
6837:
6826:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6724:
6723:
6712:
6710:
6701:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6646:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6566:
6564:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6444:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6363:
6361:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6313:
6311:Blood in stool
6307:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6284:Anal dysplasia
6281:
6276:
6271:
6261:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6151:
6149:Angiodysplasia
6146:
6141:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6118:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6084:Diverticulosis
6080:Diverticulitis
6077:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6057:
6047:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5970:Milroy disease
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5940:Tropical sprue
5937:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5893:
5891:
5868:
5862:Lower GI tract
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5741:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5615:
5613:
5604:
5602:Upper GI tract
5598:
5597:
5589:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5566:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5539:
5531:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5507:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5483:
5471:
5459:
5447:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5349:
5343:
5341:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5297:
5295:
5282:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5111:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5073:
5071:
5062:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5020:
5018:
5016:Cardiovascular
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4975:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4929:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4797:
4795:nervous system
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4647:Vaginal cancer
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4603:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4529:
4518:
4503:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:Classification
4467:
4466:
4450:
4442:
4432:
4423:
4421:
4420:External links
4418:
4416:
4415:
4380:
4345:
4310:
4304:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4219:
4170:
4149:(1–2): 333–9.
4143:Virus Research
4129:
4100:(9): 1447–50.
4080:
4021:
3994:(4): 397–403.
3978:
3929:
3885:
3856:(3): 117–122.
3836:
3817:
3776:
3735:
3720:
3663:
3619:
3567:
3549:
3520:(7): a021576.
3497:
3464:
3437:(5): 675–687.
3417:
3367:
3316:
3306:
3287:(2): 133–143.
3266:
3238:
3208:
3205:. 26 May 2020.
3190:
3141:
3092:
3043:
2994:
2926:
2877:
2874:. 23 May 2022.
2854:
2836:
2829:
2803:
2789:
2748:
2719:(5): 2537–44.
2696:
2637:
2588:
2573:
2539:
2490:
2441:
2389:
2330:
2287:
2238:
2197:
2148:
2087:
2038:
1989:
1940:
1889:
1858:(1): 183–190.
1838:
1797:
1782:
1748:
1709:(13): 5631–4.
1689:
1667:
1626:
1585:
1560:
1526:
1477:
1428:
1404:
1353:
1312:
1277:
1253:
1225:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1170:Hepadnaviridae
1164:
1161:
1109:
1106:
978:superinfection
941:
940:
937:
931:
930:
927:
923:
922:
921:approx. 1 week
919:
915:
914:
911:
907:
906:
901:
895:
894:
891:
887:
886:
878:
876:
873:
863:
860:
842:Main article:
839:
836:
818:
815:
751:
748:
734:
731:
722:body piercings
716:Those who get
686:
683:
677:
676:People at risk
674:
660:
657:
651:
648:
632:
631:
628:
627:
622:
616:
615:
602:
596:
595:
585:
578:
577:
569:
568:
555:
549:
548:
543:
537:
536:
531:
525:
524:
521:
517:
516:
512:
511:
508:
500:
499:
492:
491:Delta antigens
489:
456:
453:
441:negative sense
432:region at the
425:viral envelope
407:negative-sense
402:
399:
396:
395:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
350:
349:
345:
344:
337:
333:
332:
325:
321:
320:
313:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
282:
281:
273:
272:
264:
263:
256:
253:
250:
249:
243:
233:
232:
229:
228:Carrier State
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
204:Type of Virus
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
189:
166:superinfection
154:subviral agent
120:caused by the
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
61:
60:
57:
51:
50:
41:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7143:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7094:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7011:
7007:
7002:
6996:
6992:
6987:
6981:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6960:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6929:
6925:
6921:
6916:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6897:
6892:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6864:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6716:Diaphragmatic
6714:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6521:Cholecystitis
6519:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6464:Liver abscess
6462:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6447:Liver failure
6445:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6104:Enterocolitis
6102:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5931:Malabsorption
5929:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5806:Gastroparesis
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5772:Cushing ulcer
5770:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5717:Megaesophagus
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5575:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5335:
5331:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5248:Parainfluenza
5246:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5084:EBV infection
5082:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5049:
5045:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4940:Poliomyelitis
4938:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4642:Vulvar cancer
4640:
4638:
4637:Penile cancer
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4476:
4472:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:ICTV Report:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4305:0-89603-424-0
4301:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4232:
4223:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3949:(6): 1462–8.
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3757:(4): 479–83.
3756:
3752:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3636:(6): 567–74.
3635:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3558:"Hepatitis D"
3553:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3502:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3270:
3263:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3228:on 2020-06-15
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2846:
2845:"Hepatitis B"
2840:
2832:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2807:
2799:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2701:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:(2): 646–53.
2607:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:(6): 1831–5.
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:(2): 914–21.
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1960:(4): 750–60.
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1817:(7): 1603–6.
1816:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1646:(7): 821–30.
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1418:
1414:
1413:"Hepatitis D"
1408:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1237:"Hepatitis D"
1232:
1230:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1160:
1158:
1155:HDV-specific
1153:
1149:
1117:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:tissue, with
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
905:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
872:
870:
859:
850:
845:
835:
833:
829:
825:
814:
812:
811:farnesylation
808:
804:
800:
794:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
760:
757:
747:
745:
741:
730:
728:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
702:
700:
695:
693:
682:
673:
671:
667:
656:
647:
644:
639:
626:
623:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
586:
583:
579:
574:
570:
567:
563:
559:
556:
554:
550:
547:
544:
542:
538:
535:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
506:
501:
496:
488:
486:
482:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
408:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
351:
346:
343:
342:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
329:Kolmioviridae
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
292:
287:
283:
279:
274:
270:
265:
260:
248:
244:
242:
239:
235:
234:
230:
227:
226:
222:
220:Transmission
219:
218:
214:
211:
210:
206:
203:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
188:
187:
182:
179:
175:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:is a type of
115:
107:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
66:
65:Complications
62:
58:
56:
52:
49:
45:
42:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
6970:
6875:
6794:
6773:
6650:Pancreatitis
6612:
6562:biliary tree
6435:Nutmeg liver
6412:
6338:Hematochezia
6289:Pruritus ani
6274:Anal abscess
6269:Anal fistula
6265:Anal fissure
6178:Constipation
6132:
6003:Appendicitis
5811:Gastroptosis
5801:Achlorhydria
5640:
5629:Eosinophilic
5541:
5534:
5510:
5503:Pancreatitis
5485:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5461:
5449:
5442:
5423:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5372:
5351:
5314:
5300:
5261:
5254:
5240:
5234:
5201:
5195:
5175:
5161:
5147:
5118:
5094:
5076:
5031:Pericarditis
5023:
4992:
4978:
4951:
4932:
4890:
4875:
4856:
4842:
4821:
4804:Encephalitis
4773:
4746:
4727:
4706:
4672:
4658:
4619:
4605:
4531:
4520:
4505:
4486:
4461:
4455:
4448:: Deltavirus
4445:
4438:
4435:
4392:
4388:
4357:
4353:
4322:
4318:
4295:
4287:Bibliography
4240:
4236:
4230:
4222:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4038:
4034:
4024:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3830:
3820:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3754:
3750:
3729:
3723:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3587:
3583:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3517:
3513:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3385:
3381:
3370:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3309:
3284:
3280:
3269:
3261:
3255:. Retrieved
3250:
3241:
3230:. Retrieved
3226:the original
3221:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3112:(1): 87–97.
3109:
3105:
3095:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2967:(1): 58–70.
2964:
2960:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2871:
2848:
2839:
2814:
2806:
2792:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2716:
2712:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2552:
2542:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2412:(2): 594–9.
2409:
2405:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2168:(1): 41–54.
2165:
2161:
2151:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1761:
1751:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1670:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1542:
1536:
1529:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1448:(3): 420–6.
1445:
1441:
1431:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:
1407:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1246:10 September
1244:. Retrieved
1240:
1218:10 September
1216:. Retrieved
1212:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1157:CD8+ T cells
1154:
1150:
1118:
1111:
1098:
1086:morula cells
1085:
1075:
1056:
1044:Boca do Acre
1040:encephalitis
982:
958:Amazon basin
948:is a lethal
946:Lábrea fever
945:
944:
885:Lábrea fever
875:Lábrea fever
868:
865:
856:
838:Epidemiology
820:
795:
784:
761:
753:
736:
715:
703:
696:
688:
679:
662:
659:Transmission
653:
635:
473:
458:
438:
418:
414:
404:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
340:
339:
328:
316:
309:
299:(unranked):
277:
246:
240:
237:
191:Hepatitis D
178:liver cancer
170:
125:
121:
113:
112:
7049:iNaturalist
6995:Wikispecies
6900:Wikispecies
6830:Peritonitis
6592:Cholestasis
6570:Cholangitis
6513:Gallbladder
6401:Fatty liver
6321:Hematemesis
6303:GI bleeding
6109:Necrotizing
6038:Lymphocytic
6033:Collagenous
6028:Microscopic
5965:Steatorrhea
5866:Enteropathy
5712:Inlet patch
5634:Herpetiform
5619:Esophagitis
5400:Coronavirus
5141:Common cold
5053:acute viral
5036:Myocarditis
4880:(probable)
4632:Anal cancer
4395:(1): 67–9.
3562:www.who.int
3336:: 461–468.
3251:AdisInsight
3218:"Hepcludex"
3199:"Hepcludex"
3161:(1): 7–21.
2897:(1): 1–31.
2849:www.who.int
2768:(1): 71–6.
2217:(1): 12–5.
1417:www.who.int
1241:www.who.int
1180:Ribozyviria
1090:macrophages
1069:, state of
1025:convulsions
1009:prostration
1007:and severe
999:of blood),
993:hematemesis
974:coinfection
910:Usual onset
890:Other names
803:prenylation
791:bulevirtide
780:hepatocytes
772:bulevirtide
515:Identifiers
476:antigenomic
430:coiled-coil
420:Ribozyviria
411:RNA viruses
317:Ribozyviria
223:Parenteral
215:2–12 weeks
162:coinfection
152:(a type of
114:Hepatitis D
106:Bulevirtide
30:Other names
25:Hepatitis D
7110:Categories
7001:Deltavirus
6971:Deltavirus
6822:Peritoneal
6800:Incisional
6721:Congenital
6665:Hereditary
6642:Pancreatic
6606:Haemobilia
6279:Hemorrhoid
6257:Anal canal
6195:Infectious
6183:Functional
6018:Ulcerative
5902:Duodenitis
5841:Gastrinoma
5527:Urogenital
5393:Astrovirus
5353:Adenovirus
5177:SARS-CoV-2
4934:Poliovirus
4809:meningitis
4533:DiseasesDB
4439:Deltavirus
3630:Hepatology
3576:Rizzetto M
3257:2020-08-06
3232:2020-08-06
3106:Hepatology
1954:Hepatology
1909:: e00049.
1553:30 January
1537:Deltavirus
1422:2020-09-20
1271:2020-06-19
1191:References
926:Prevention
869:Deltavirus
807:lonafarnib
805:inhibitor
685:Prevention
588:structures
455:Life cycle
434:N terminus
415:Deltavirus
341:Deltavirus
101:Medication
7121:Hepatitis
6986:Q18822400
6810:Richter's
6767:Spigelian
6762:Obturator
6752:Umbilical
6585:Ascending
6556:Bile duct
6389:Cirrhosis
6367:Hepatitis
6350:Accessory
6220:Proctitis
6071:Megacolon
6045:Dysentery
5955:Whipple's
5907:Jejunitis
5897:Enteritis
5784:Dyspepsia
5745:Gastritis
5678:Achalasia
5611:Esophagus
5438:RNA virus
5419:DNA virus
5411:Hepatitis
5386:Norovirus
5374:Rotavirus
5368:RNA virus
5347:DNA virus
5293:Esophagus
5221:Influenza
5107:RNA virus
5069:DNA virus
4838:RNA virus
4817:DNA virus
4723:RNA virus
4601:DNA virus
4593:Oncovirus
4446:Viralzone
3301:0028-4793
3136:205892640
2989:259354401
2659:CiteSeerX
1685:IPR002506
1640:Structure
1183:, by the
1144:10 to 1.2
1108:Evolution
1082:steatosis
1061:, of the
1054:disease.
1036:hepatitis
1033:fulminant
935:Prognosis
899:Specialty
817:Prognosis
787:Cirrhosis
750:Treatment
740:FibroTest
733:Diagnosis
546:IPR002506
436:of HDAg.
236:Immunity
174:cirrhosis
150:satellite
144:, D, and
132:viruses:
130:hepatitis
92:Treatment
69:Cirrhosis
39:Specialty
7041:10216387
6980:Wikidata
6946:11459946
6933:10071458
6891:Q1607636
6885:Wikidata
6740:Indirect
6735:Inguinal
6469:Pyogenic
6414:Vascular
6190:Diarrhea
6168:Volvulus
6134:Vascular
6073: /
6062: /
6023:Ischemic
5990:Appendix
5880:Duodenum
5750:Atrophic
5624:Candidal
5536:BK virus
5339:diarrhea
5183:COVID-19
4925:Myelitis
4464:. 12475.
4411:15042190
4376:15586892
4341:15586904
4277:32651267
4214:30768983
4165:21798297
4124:17073101
4075:27362848
4035:PLOS ONE
4016:22539505
3973:21645647
3916:21984217
3880:33005393
3831:Medscape
3812:19605587
3732:: 735–8.
3658:83892580
3544:26134842
3459:52183556
3451:30199230
3412:26189433
3362:33889032
3185:29142477
3177:20880077
3128:24585488
3087:22161394
3038:26253093
2981:37407002
2921:29939980
2784:16364738
2762:Virology
2743:14963156
2691:16051838
2583:16903218
2534:15254184
2485:12414985
2282:16775335
2233:19246067
2211:Virology
2192:10668797
2135:18004386
2033:20007265
1984:23549907
1976:16557545
1935:23150796
1884:30260538
1792:16903223
1681:InterPro
1578:5 August
1521:31778167
1472:10673308
1348:30311870
1307:14708706
1094:antigens
1021:delirium
1001:headache
997:vomiting
989:anorexia
985:jaundice
970:RondĂ´nia
966:Amazonas
918:Duration
824:diabetes
605:RCSB PDB
541:InterPro
485:ribozyme
348:Species
324:Family:
255:Virology
196:Synonym
55:Symptoms
7067:1034713
7054:1145546
6781:Petit's
6757:Femoral
6660:Chronic
6474:Amoebic
6242:Anismus
6008:Colitis
5935:Coeliac
5912:Ileitis
5884:Jejunum
5737:Stomach
5641:Rupture
5289:Pharynx
4793:Central
4527:D003699
4268:7395443
4245:Bibcode
4205:6486497
4115:3294742
4066:4928832
4043:Bibcode
4008:7964650
3951:Bibcode
3871:7508778
3771:3599343
3715:4265339
3707:3762705
3685:Bibcode
3650:7030907
3605:1411847
3535:4484953
3403:4700535
3353:8057838
3078:6823236
3029:4588130
2912:5837403
2682:1182656
2632:8289368
2436:2447291
2384:2648383
2352:Bibcode
2325:2492676
2305:Bibcode
2297:Science
2273:1488965
2183:1369892
2143:4393153
2105:Bibcode
2082:1731113
2024:2812397
1926:3485615
1875:7379554
1833:2374010
1743:1712103
1711:Bibcode
1662:9687364
1621:8245865
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