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Richard Feynman

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named Ann that she was "worse than a whore" after Ann persuaded him to buy her sandwiches by telling him he could eat them at her place, but then, after he bought them, saying they actually could not eat together because another man was coming over. Later on that same evening, Ann returned to the bar to take Feynman to her place. Feynman states at the end of the chapter that this behaviour was not typical of him: "So it worked even with an ordinary girl! But no matter how effective the lesson was, I never really used it after that. I didn't enjoy doing it that way. But it was interesting to know that things worked much differently from how I was brought up."
1519: 2717: 2570:'s engineers and executives that was far more striking than he expected. His interviews of NASA's high-ranking managers revealed startling misunderstandings of elementary concepts. For instance, NASA managers claimed that there was a 1 in 100,000 probability of a catastrophic failure aboard the Shuttle, but Feynman discovered that NASA's own engineers estimated the probability of a catastrophe at closer to 1 in 200. He concluded that NASA management's estimate of the reliability of the Space Shuttle was unrealistic, and he was particularly angered that NASA used it to recruit 2261: 1619: 3999: 2698: 1791: 13058: 1445:. He insisted on giving the rank and file a lecture on nuclear physics so that they would realize the dangers. He explained that while any amount of unenriched uranium could be safely stored, the enriched uranium had to be carefully handled. He developed a series of safety recommendations for the various grades of enrichments. He was told that if the people at Oak Ridge gave him any difficulty with his proposals, he was to inform them that Los Alamos "could not be responsible for their safety otherwise". 1449: 676: 13070: 2506: 10127: 51: 1269: 910:
engineering, maintained an experimental laboratory in his home, and delighted in repairing radios. This radio repairing was probably the first job Feynman had, and during this time he showed early signs of an aptitude for his later career in theoretical physics, when he would analyze the issues theoretically and arrive at the solutions. When he was in grade school, he created a home burglar alarm system while his parents were out for the day running errands.
13010: 2141:(protons and neutrons) contained point-like particles that scattered electrons. It was natural to identify these with quarks, but Feynman's parton model attempted to interpret the experimental data in a way that did not introduce additional hypotheses. For example, the data showed that some 45% of the energy momentum was carried by electrically neutral particles in the nucleon. These electrically neutral particles are now seen to be the 1754:, where he resided for a large period of his Cornell career. In an interview, he described the House as "a group of boys that have been specially selected because of their scholarship, because of their cleverness or whatever it is, to be given free board and lodging and so on, because of their brains". He enjoyed the house's convenience and said that "it's there that I did the fundamental work" for which he won the Nobel Prize. 1705:, Schwinger and Feynman understood what they were talking about even if no one else did, but had not published anything. He was convinced that Feynman's formulation was easier to understand, and ultimately managed to convince Oppenheimer that this was the case. Dyson published a paper in 1949, which added new rules to Feynman's that told how to implement renormalization. Feynman was prompted to publish his ideas in the 13034: 941:, declining a request for information for her book on Jewish Nobel Prize winners, he stated, "To select, for approbation the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish heredity is to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory", adding, "at thirteen I was not only converted to other religious views, but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way 'the 2326:. The students' studying habits and the Portuguese language textbooks were so devoid of any context or applications for their information that, in Feynman's opinion, the students were not learning physics at all. At the end of the year, Feynman was invited to give a lecture on his teaching experiences, and he agreed to do so, provided he could speak frankly, which he did. 13082: 890:, and immigrated with his parents to the United States at the age of five. Feynman's mother was born in the United States into a Jewish family. Lucille's father had emigrated from Poland, and her mother also came from a family of Polish immigrants. She trained as a primary school teacher but married Melville in 1917, before taking up a profession. Feynman was a 2381:
writings in theoretical physics, in engineering, in business arithmetic, computer design, or other places where mathematics is being used. I see no need or reason for this all to be explained or to be taught in school. It is not a useful way to express one's self. It is not a cogent and simple way. It is claimed to be precise, but precise for what purpose?
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to make in San Francisco, calling him a "sexist pig". Seeing the protesters, as Feynman later recalled the incident, he addressed institutional sexism by saying that "women do indeed suffer prejudice and discrimination in physics, and your presence here today serves to remind us of these difficulties and the need to remedy them".
6024:-R," there is set forth the fact that RICHARD PHILLIPS EYNMAN was employed at Los Alamos, New Mexico, on the atomic bomb project in the Theoretical Physics Division from April 1, 1943, to October 27, 1945. This individual, according to this report, was granted Atomic Energy Commission security clearance rating of 1646:. For Feynman, it was his "first big conference with big men ... I had never gone to one like this one in peacetime." The problems plaguing quantum electrodynamics were discussed, but the theoreticians were completely overshadowed by the achievements of the experimentalists, who reported the discovery of the 2433:
due to a lack of "a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty" on the part of the scientist. He instructed the graduating class that "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool. So you
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said later that the intended audience of first-year students found the material intimidating while older students and faculty found it inspirational, so the lecture hall remained full even as the first-year students dropped away. In contrast, physicist Matthew Sands recalled the student attendance as
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fraternity. Although he originally majored in mathematics, he later switched to electrical engineering, as he considered mathematics to be too abstract. Noticing that he "had gone too far", he then switched to physics, which he claimed was "somewhere in between". As an undergraduate, he published two
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for the first time. He saw that it contained the original text in a little square on the page, and surrounding it were commentaries written over time by different people. In this way the Talmud had evolved, and everything that was discussed was carefully recorded. Despite being impressed, Feynman was
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in 1968, and again in 1972. Although there is no evidence he supported discrimination against women in science, protestors "objected to his use of sexist stories about 'lady drivers' and clueless women in his lectures." Feynman recalled protesters entering a hall and picketing a lecture he was about
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I do not know—but I believe that Richard Feynman is either a Communist or very strongly pro-Communist—and as such is a very definite security risk. This man is, in my opinion, an extremely complex and dangerous person, a very dangerous person to have in a position of public trust ... In matters
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as an assistant professor of physics, but was on unpaid leave during his involvement in the Manhattan Project. In 1945, he received a letter from Dean Mark Ingraham of the College of Letters and Science requesting his return to the university to teach in the coming academic year. His appointment was
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for one-on-one discussions. He later discovered the reason: most of the other physicists were too much in awe of Bohr to argue with him. Feynman had no such inhibitions, vigorously pointing out anything he considered to be flawed in Bohr's thinking. He said he felt as much respect for Bohr as anyone
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This was Richard Feynman nearing the crest of his powers. At twenty-three ... there may now have been no physicist on earth who could match his exuberant command over the native materials of theoretical science. It was not just a facility at mathematics (though it had become clear ... that
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concluded an entire book on cosmic rays with the phrase: "such an effect is not to be expected according to Vallarta and Feynman". When they next met, Feynman asked gleefully whether Vallarta had seen Heisenberg's book. Vallarta knew why Feynman was grinning. "Yes," he replied. "You're the last word
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Them?", where he describes how he learned to seduce women at a bar he went to in the summer of 1946. A mentor taught him to ask a woman if she would sleep with him before buying her anything. He describes seeing women at the bar as "bitches" in his thoughts, and tells a story of how he told a woman
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of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovered then for gravity, "ghosts", which are "particles" in the interior of his diagrams that have the "wrong" connection between spin and statistics, have proved invaluable in explaining the quantum particle behavior
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theory of electrons. His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, ultimately proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by
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At Los Alamos, which was isolated for security, Feynman amused himself by investigating the combination locks on the cabinets and desks of physicists. He often found that they left the lock combinations on the factory settings, wrote the combinations down, or used easily guessable combinations like
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to ask: "Is Feynman Jewish? We have no definite rule against Jews but have to keep their proportion in our department reasonably small because of the difficulty of placing them." Morse conceded that Feynman was indeed Jewish, but reassured Smyth that Feynman's "physiognomy and manner, however, show
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Computer science also differs from physics in that it is not actually a science. It does not study natural objects. Neither is it, as you might think, mathematics; although it does use mathematical reasoning pretty extensively. Rather, computer science is like engineering – it is all about getting
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as part-time co-authors for several years. Feynman suggested that the book cover should have a picture of a drum with mathematical diagrams about vibrations drawn upon it, in order to illustrate the application of mathematics to understanding the world. Instead, the publishers gave the books plain
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By 1949, Feynman was becoming restless at Cornell. He never settled into a particular house or apartment, living in guest houses or student residences, or with married friends "until these arrangements became sexually volatile". He liked to date undergraduates, hire prostitutes, and sleep with the
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Feynman's $ 380 (equivalent to $ 7,000 in 2023) monthly salary was about half the amount needed for his modest living expenses and Arline's medical bills, and they were forced to dip into her $ 3,300 (equivalent to $ 58,000 in 2023) in savings. On weekends he borrowed a car from his friend
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after she was refused tenure in 1974. The EEOC ruled against Caltech in 1977, adding that La Belle had been paid less than male colleagues. La Belle finally received tenure in 1979. Many of Feynman's colleagues were surprised that he took her side, but he had gotten to know La Belle and liked and
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medal and, on the advice of an earlier girlfriend, had feigned pregnancy and extorted him into paying for an abortion, then used the money to buy furniture. When Feynman found that Howarth was being paid only $ 25 a month, he offered her $ 20 (equivalent to $ 202 in 2022) a week to be his live-in
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While papers by others initially cited Schwinger, papers citing Feynman and employing Feynman diagrams appeared in 1950, and soon became prevalent. Students learned and used the powerful new tool that Feynman had created. Computer programs were later written to evaluate Feynman diagrams, enabling
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where atomic bombs would be designed and built. An offer was made to the Princeton team to be redeployed there. "Like a bunch of professional soldiers," Wilson later recalled, "we signed up, en masse, to go to Los Alamos." Like many other young physicists, Feynman soon fell under the spell of the
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It will perhaps surprise most people who have studied these textbooks to discover that the symbol âˆȘ or ∩ representing union and intersection of sets and the special use of the brackets { } and so forth, all the elaborate notation for sets that is given in these books, almost never appear in any
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that carry the forces between the quarks, and their three-valued color quantum number solves the omega-minus problem. Feynman did not dispute the quark model; for example, when the fifth quark was discovered in 1977, Feynman immediately pointed out to his students that the discovery implied the
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Feynman did not return to Cornell. Bacher, who had been instrumental in bringing Feynman to Cornell, had lured him to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Part of the deal was that he could spend his first year on sabbatical in Brazil. He had become smitten by Mary Louise Bell from
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on mental grounds. His father died suddenly on October 8, 1946, and Feynman suffered from depression. On October 17, 1946, he wrote a letter to Arline, expressing his deep love and heartbreak. The letter was sealed and only opened after his death. "Please excuse my not mailing this," the letter
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non-relativistic quantum equation for the Lamb shift. The next step was to create a relativistic version. Feynman thought that he could do this, but when he went back to Bethe with his solution, it did not converge. Feynman carefully worked through the problem again, applying the path integral
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One of the conditions of Feynman's scholarship to Princeton was that he could not be married; nevertheless, he continued to see his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum, and was determined to marry her once he had been awarded his PhD despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with
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Gell-Mann was upset by Feynman's account in the book of the weak interaction work, and threatened to sue, resulting in a correction being inserted in later editions. This incident was just the latest provocation in decades of bad feeling between the two scientists. Gell-Mann often expressed
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The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge orthodox thinking, and who was always ready to teach Feynman something new. From his mother, he gained the sense of humor that he had throughout his life. As a child, he had a talent for
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developed by Gell-Mann. The relationship between the two models was murky; Gell-Mann referred to Feynman's partons derisively as "put-ons". In the mid-1960s, physicists believed that quarks were just a bookkeeping device for symmetry numbers, not real particles; the statistics of the
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into the Teacher-in-Space program. He warned in his appendix to the commission's report (which was included only after he threatened not to sign the report), "For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled."
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life on planet Earth—creatures such as cats that play and learn from experience. The evolution of humans, who came to use language to pass knowledge from one individual to the next, so that the knowledge was not lost when an individual died. Unfortunately, incorrect
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became less resilient in cold weather by compressing a sample of the material in a clamp and immersing it in ice-cold water. The commission ultimately determined that the disaster was caused by the primary O-ring not properly sealing in unusually cold weather at
1966:, and said that mathematical symbols had different colors for him: "When I see equations, I see the letters in colors. I don't know why. I see vague pictures of Bessel functions with light-tan j's, slightly violet-bluish n's, and dark brown x's flying around." 1828:. They had met in a cafeteria in Cornell, where she had studied the history of Mexican art and textiles. She later followed him to Caltech, where he gave a lecture. While he was in Brazil, she taught classes on the history of furniture and interiors at 1235:
the mathematical machinery emerging in the Wheeler–Feynman collaboration was beyond Wheeler's own ability). Feynman seemed to possess a frightening ease with the substance behind the equations, like Einstein at the same age, like the Soviet physicist
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In the early 1960s, Feynman acceded to a request to "spruce up" the teaching of undergraduates at the California Institute of Technology, also called Caltech. After three years devoted to the task, he produced a series of lectures that later became
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for Arline. They were among the first to depart for New Mexico, leaving on a train on March 28, 1943. The railroad supplied Arline with a wheelchair, and Feynman paid extra for a private room for her. There they spent their wedding anniversary.
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in October 1951. Because of the fears of a nuclear war, a girlfriend told Feynman that he should also consider moving to South America. He had a sabbatical coming for 1951–1952, and elected to spend it in Brazil, where he gave courses at the
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in a series of papers over three years. His 1948 papers on "A Relativistic Cut-Off for Classical Electrodynamics" attempted to explain what he had been unable to get across at Pocono. His 1949 paper on "The Theory of Positrons" addressed the
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red covers, though they included a picture of Feynman playing drums in the foreword. Even though the books were not adopted by universities as textbooks, they continue to sell well because they provide a deep understanding of physics.
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concluded, "but I don't know your new address." Unable to focus on research problems, Feynman began tackling physics problems, not for utility, but for self-satisfaction. One of these involved analyzing the physics of a twirling,
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in 1962. Schwinger, Tomonaga and Feynman shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles". He was elected a
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to problems of quantum mechanics, inspired by a desire to quantize the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory of electrodynamics, and laid the groundwork for the path integral formulation and Feynman diagrams. A key insight was that
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In 1984–1986, he developed a variational method for the approximate calculation of path integrals, which has led to a powerful method of converting divergent perturbation expansions into convergent strong-coupling expansions
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of intrigue Richard Feynman is, I believe immensely clever—indeed a genius—and he is, I further believe, completely ruthless, unhampered by morals, ethics, or religion—and will stop at absolutely nothing to achieve his ends.
1256:, where they were married in the city office. The ceremony was attended by neither family nor friends and was witnessed by a pair of strangers. Feynman could kiss Arline only on the cheek. After the ceremony he took her to 1750:
wives of friends. He was not fond of Ithaca's cold winter weather, and pined for a warmer climate. Above all, he was always in the shadow of Hans Bethe at Cornell. Despite all of this, Feynman looked back favorably on the
1534:. Feynman claimed to be the only person to see the explosion without the very dark glasses or welder's lenses provided, reasoning that it was safe to look through a truck windshield, as it would screen out the harmful 2884:, on a website for public viewing. In 2015 Gates made a video in response to Caltech's request for thoughts on Feynman for the 50th anniversary of Feynman's 1965 Nobel Prize, on why he thought Feynman was special. At 2033:'s theory of superfluidity. Applying the Schrödinger equation to the question showed that the superfluid was displaying quantum mechanical behavior observable on a macroscopic scale. This helped with the problem of 1996:
exterior murals. After Feynman'’s death, Gweneth sold the van for $ 1 to one of Feynman's friends, film producer Ralph Leighton, who later put it into storage, where it began to rust. In 2012, video game designer
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bureaucratic issues. The letter from the Soviet government authorizing the trip was not received until the day after he died. His daughter Michelle later made the journey. Ralph Leighton chronicled the attempt in
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cautioned him: "You should never turn a man's generosity as a sword against him. Any virtue that a man has, even if he has many vices, should not be used as a tool against him." It was followed by the AEC's
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to his experience on the Rogers Commission, straying from his usual convention of brief, light-hearted anecdotes to deliver an extended and sober narrative. Feynman's account reveals a disconnect between
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formulation that he had used in his thesis. Like Bethe, he made the integral finite by applying a cut-off term. The result corresponded to Bethe's version. Feynman presented his work to his peers at the
9860:. Dyson's autobiography. The chapters "A Scientific Apprenticeship" and "A Ride to Albuquerque" describe his impressions of Feynman in the period 1947–1948 when Dyson was a graduate student at Cornell 1555:
not extended when he did not commit to returning. In a talk given there several years later, Feynman quipped, "It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me."
8087:"Lawrence Krauss and the Legacy of Harassment in Science: The theoretical physicist isn't the first celebrity scientist to be accused of sexual misconduct, but he is the first to face consequences" 13292: 8094: 1530:
Informed that Arline was dying, Feynman drove to Albuquerque and sat with her for hours until she died on June 16, 1945. He then immersed himself in work on the project and was present at the
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Gweneth... explained how she thought I would make a unique contribution—in a way that I am modest enough not to describe. Nevertheless, I believed what she said. So I said, 'OK. I'll accept.'
1487:= 2.71828 ...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept research notes all had the same combination. He left notes in the cabinets as a prank, spooking his colleague, 4953:, p. 49: "Interviewer: Do you call yourself an agnostic or an atheist? Feynman: An atheist. Agnostic for me would be trying to weasel out and sound a little nicer than I am about this." 2273:. Accounts vary about how successful the original lectures were. Feynman's own preface, written just after an exam on which the students did poorly, was somewhat pessimistic. His colleagues 2083:, which showed that the current coupling in the process is a combination of vector and axial currents (an example of weak decay is the decay of a neutron into an electron, a proton, and an 5998:"FOI Request FBI files on Richard Feynman Requested by Michael Morisy on March 12, 2012 for the Federal Bureau of Investigation of United States of America and fulfilled on March 21, 2012" 1836:, on June 28, 1952, shortly after he returned. They frequently quarreled and she was frightened by his violent temper. Their politics were different; although he registered and voted as a 12885: 4024:
and Matthew Sands, colleagues of Feynman, edited and illustrated them into book form. The work has endured and is useful to this day. They were edited and supplemented in 2005 with
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gave a long presentation of his work in quantum electrodynamics, and Feynman then offered his version, entitled "Alternative Formulation of Quantum Electrodynamics". The unfamiliar
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He begins working calculus problems in his head as soon as he awakens. He did calculus while driving in his car, while sitting in the living room, and while lying in bed at night.
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issued the "American Scientists" commemorative set of four 37-cent self-adhesive stamps in several configurations. The scientists depicted were Richard Feynman, John von Neumann,
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and gravity. John and Mary Gribbin state in their book on Feynman that "Nobody else has made such influential contributions to the investigation of all four of the interactions".
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Feynman, inspired by a desire to quantize the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory of electrodynamics, laid the groundwork for the path integral formulation and Feynman diagrams.
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have to be very careful about that. After you've not fooled yourself, it's easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way after that."
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Samples of Feynman's drumming, chanting and speech are included in the songs "Tuva Groove (Bolur Daa-Bol, Bolbas Daa-Bol)" and "Kargyraa Rap (DĂŒrgen Chugaa)" on the album
2602: 4976: 12947: 1951:. He gave up alcohol when he began to show vague, early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain. Despite his curiosity about 1473:
else, but once anyone got him talking about physics, he would become so focused he forgot about social niceties. Perhaps because of this, Bohr never warmed to Feynman.
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in physics—an unprecedented feat—and an outstanding score in mathematics, but did poorly on the history and English portions. The head of the physics department there,
1197:. Pauli made the prescient comment that the theory would be extremely difficult to quantize, and Einstein said that one might try to apply this method to gravity in 1089: 957:
disappointed with the lack of interest for nature and the outside world expressed by the rabbis, who cared about only those questions which arise from the Talmud.
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commissioned playwright Peter Parnell to write a two-character play about a fictional day in the life of Feynman set two years before Feynman's death. The play,
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disk as it is moving through the air, inspired by an incident in the cafeteria at Cornell when someone tossed a dinner plate in the air. He read the work of Sir
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At Los Alamos, Feynman was assigned to Hans Bethe's Theoretical (T) Division, and impressed Bethe enough to be made a group leader. He and Bethe developed the
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Vallarta let his student in on a secret of mentor-protégé publishing: the senior scientist's name comes first. Feynman had his revenge a few years later, when
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undergraduates in 1961–1964. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors
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magazine, February 1989 Issue. (Vol. 42, No. 2.) Special Feynman memorial issue containing non-technical articles on Feynman's life and work in physics.
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Feynman was also interested in the relationship between physics and computation. He was also one of the first scientists to conceive the possibility of
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Math Championship. His habit of direct characterization sometimes rattled more conventional thinkers; for example, one of his questions, when learning
4637: 2629:, a rare form of cancer. Surgeons removed a "very large" tumor that had crushed one kidney and his spleen. In 1986 doctors discovered another cancer, 13297: 13217: 13137: 10498: 9579: 8086: 5363: 7012: 4057:(with Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton), which includes four previously unreleased lectures on problem solving, exercises by Robert Leighton and 10575: 8715: 4559:, BBC Archive of six short films of Feynman talking in a style that is accessible to all about the physics behind common to all experiences. (1983) 7524:
Lipa, J. A.; Nissen, J.; Stricker, D.; Swanson, D.; Chui, T. (2003). "Specific heat of liquid helium in zero gravity very near the lambda point".
1774:, generating concerns about espionage. Fuchs was arrested as a Soviet spy in 1950 and the FBI questioned Bethe about Feynman's loyalty. Physicist 913:
When Richard was five, his mother gave birth to a younger brother, Henry Phillips, who died at age four weeks. Four years later, Richard's sister
8939: 1638:. These were clear mathematical flaws in the theory, which Feynman and Wheeler had tried, unsuccessfully, to work around. "Theoreticians", noted 1866:, but was not appointed. At this time, the FBI interviewed a woman close to Feynman, possibly his ex-wife Bell, who sent a written statement to 9084: 2921:. PhD Dissertation, Princeton University. World Scientific (with title "Feynman's Thesis: a New Approach to Quantum Theory") (published 2005). 2837:. Feynman's stamp, sepia-toned, features a photograph of Feynman in his thirties and eight small Feynman diagrams. The stamps were designed by 985:. His sister Joan, who scored one point higher, later jokingly claimed to an interviewer that she was smarter. Years later he declined to join 13187: 12900: 8293: 5515: 5415: 2464:
In the 1960s, Feynman began thinking of writing an autobiography, and he began granting interviews to historians. In the 1980s, working with
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Oral history interview transcript with Richard Feynman on 4 February 1973, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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dates. He found one cabinet's combination by trying numbers he thought a physicist might use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of
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Oral history interview transcript with Richard Feynman on 28 June 1966, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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Oral history interview transcript with Richard Feynman on 27 June 1966, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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Oral history interview transcript with Richard Feynman on 5 March 1966, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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Oral history interview transcript with Richard Feynman on 4 March 1966, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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and Robert Marshak developed the theory nearly simultaneously, Feynman's collaboration with Gell-Mann was seen as seminal because the
1924:. They had a son, Carl, in 1962, and adopted a daughter, Michelle, in 1968. Besides their home in Altadena, they had a beach house in 1464:
Returning to Los Alamos, Feynman was put in charge of the group responsible for the theoretical work and calculations on the proposed
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Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called
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a year later. In this lecture he theorized on future opportunities for designing miniaturized machines, which could build smaller
10640: 10339: 2450: 2153:. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field and derived the 1735: 1538:
radiation. The immense brightness of the explosion made him duck to the truck's floor, where he saw a temporary "purple splotch"
823: 238: 10082:, tells the story of American Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman's determination to reveal the truth behind the 1986 9023: 4965: 13277: 12079: 8768: 7057: 2997: 2588: 949: 2401:. In the course of the lecture, he gave a definition of science, which he said came about by several stages. The evolution of 1336:
struggled to determine whether it was practical. Ultimately, on Lawrence's recommendation, the isotron project was abandoned.
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why Hillis appeared so sad. Hillis replied that he thought Feynman was going to die soon. Hillis quotes Feynman as replying:
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measured in satellite experiments. At Caltech, he once chalked "What I cannot create I do not understand" on his blackboard.
1608: 1581:. At his induction physical, Army psychiatrists diagnosed Feynman as suffering from a mental illness and the Army gave him a 1115: 835: 223: 122: 2870:
wrote an article describing Feynman's talents as a teacher ("The Best Teacher I Never Had"), which inspired Gates to create
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Feynman developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions describing the behavior of
13272: 13232: 10568: 8233: 5659:, he explains that he took a six week vacation to finish his thesis so received his PhD prior to his arrival at Los Alamos. 2131: 1210: 7091: 1356:
charismatic Oppenheimer, who telephoned Feynman long distance from Chicago to inform him that he had found a Presbyterian
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occurring in Europe but the United States not yet at war, Feynman spent the summer working on ballistics problems at the
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Lecture presented at the fifteenth annual meeting of the National Science Teachers Association, 1966 in New York City.
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to drive to Albuquerque to see Arline. Asked who at Los Alamos was most likely to be a spy, Fuchs mentioned Feynman's
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at the Norfolk (Connecticut) Chamber Music Festival in June 2005. In 2011, Feynman was the subject of a biographical
2529: 2510: 2194: 792: 4061:, and a historical essay by Matthew Sands. Three volumes; originally published as separate volumes in 1964 and 1966. 2212:, helping to build some of the first parallel supercomputers and considering the construction of quantum computers. 13172: 2863:, was depicted as a Feynman fan, even emulating him by playing the bongo drums. On January 27, 2016, co-founder of 2683: 1917: 1837: 1582: 109: 13045: 8616: 4667: 2630: 2127:, if it were interpreted as three identical strange quarks bound together, seemed impossible if quarks were real. 13257: 12320: 10561: 10511: 10349: 2217: 829: 350: 329: 10186: 10180: 10174: 10168: 10162: 6647: 5175: 4608: 811: 13127: 12128: 10692: 8455: 3070: 2993: 2056: 1218: 8869: 5011: 882:, and Melville Arthur Feynman (1890–1946), a sales manager. Feynman's father was born into a Jewish family in 13162: 10360: 10222: 10196: 9775: 8797:"Richard Feynman's Poignant Letter to His Departed Wife Arline: Watch Actor Oscar Isaac Read It Live Onstage" 4525: 2880: 2721: 2597: 2521: 2209: 1558:
As early as October 30, 1943, Bethe had written to the chairman of the physics department of his university,
1257: 485: 9049: 1899:. Feynman's love life had been turbulent since his divorce; his previous girlfriend had walked off with his 1217:. In his doctoral thesis entitled "The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics", Feynman applied the 12952: 11824: 11748: 10272: 8069: 7110: 2826: 1841: 1604: 1325: 1151: 218: 10775: 8588: 12920: 10850: 8381: 2364:. He was not impressed with what he found. Many of the mathematics texts covered subjects of use only to 335: 9417:
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
8711: 8052: 2633:. Further operations were performed in October 1986 and October 1987. He was again hospitalized at the 13242: 13147: 13122: 13024: 13013: 12313: 11467: 10307: 8655: 8012: 7927: 7329: 6323:"Richard P. Feynman – Nobel Lecture: The Development of the Space–Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics" 6211: 4210: 4183: 2802:
performed a public reading of Feynman's 1946 love letter to the late Arline. In the 2023 American film
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is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to
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In 1964, he served on the California State Curriculum Commission, which was responsible for approving
1862:, the U.S. government's interest in science rose for a time. Feynman was considered for a seat on the 1702: 1526:(immediately right of Feynman) at a Los Alamos Laboratory social function during the Manhattan Project 760: 13062: 13038: 12895: 12890: 12124: 11635: 10404: 10292: 10287: 10267: 9585: 8525: 3100: 2945: 2645:
that might have prolonged his life for a few months. Feynman's wife Gweneth, sister Joan, and cousin
2610: 2134: 2061: 1829: 1643: 1380:. As a junior physicist, he was not central to the project. He administered the computation group of 1369: 799:. Along with his work in theoretical physics, Feynman has been credited with pioneering the field of 724: 604: 509: 323: 268: 258: 253: 168: 9080: 8917: 4837: 3803:(4125). American Association for the Advancement of Science (published February 15, 1974): 601–610. 2486:
was a great scientist, but he spent a great deal of his effort generating anecdotes about himself."
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facilities. He aided the engineers there in devising safety procedures for material storage so that
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The Infinity Puzzle: The Personalities, Politics, and Extraordinary Science Behind the Higgs Boson
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Feynman, Richard P. (1966). "The Development of the Space-Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics".
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under the artistic direction of Carl T. Herrman. The main building for the Computing Division at
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Because Feynman was no longer working at the Los Alamos Laboratory, he was no longer exempt from
1361: 732: 619: 283: 193: 188: 11663: 6826: 4523:, given at Cornell in 1964, in which he explains basic topics in physics; adapted into the book 1711: 873: 12751: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12384: 12172: 12152: 11679: 11647: 11308: 11124: 11017: 10716: 10588: 10277: 10104:, a docudrama about The Manhattan Project at Los Alamos. Feynman is played by actor/playwright 8773: 7432: 5089: 3919:
Rogers Commission Report, Volume 2 Appendix F – Personal Observations on Reliability of Shuttle
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Perfectly reasonable deviations from the beaten track : the letters of Richard P. Feynman
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is named the "Feynman Computing Center" in his honor. Two photographs of Feynman were used in
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Partly as a way to bring publicity to progress in physics, Feynman offered $ 1,000 prizes for
12992: 12817: 12560: 12505: 12113: 11940: 11756: 11627: 11559: 11471: 11407: 10751: 10415: 10302: 9378: 9312: 8119: 7139: 7013:"Colourful language: U of T psychologists discover enhanced language learning in synesthetes" 4703: 2889: 2175: 2159: 1900: 1734:
adapted Feynman's technique of summing over possible histories of a particle to the study of
1686:, used for the first time, puzzled the audience. Feynman failed to get his point across, and 1457: 1373: 1344: 1009: 978: 898:
strong enough to be perceived as an affectation or exaggeration, so much so that his friends
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Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945
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as Feynman, depicting his love affair with his first wife and ending with the Trinity test.
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Many of Feynman's lectures and miscellaneous talks were turned into other books, including
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Take the world from another point of view / with Richard Feynman; Films for the Hu (1972)
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Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics
3873: 3061: 2449:, who had been hired as Caltech's first female professor in 1969, and filed suit with the 1063: 8: 12661: 12616: 12576: 12399: 11768: 11387: 11264: 11224: 10928: 10924: 10819: 10736: 10664: 9256: 9132: 5202: 4971: 3053: 2859: 2814: 2728:
Aspects of Feynman's life have been portrayed in various media. Feynman was portrayed by
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During a televised hearing, Feynman demonstrated that the material used in the shuttle's
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when flowing. Feynman provided a quantum-mechanical explanation for the Soviet physicist
1635: 1389: 1332:. On paper, the isotron was many times more efficient than the calutron, but Feynman and 1249: 1107: 1096: 986: 815: 787:
during World War II and became known to the wider public in the 1980s as a member of the
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Proceedings of the International Workshop at Wangerooge Island, Germany; Sept 1–4, 1987.
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The other was his senior thesis, on "Forces in Molecules", based on a topic assigned by
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The Motion of Planets Around the Sun (audio, sometimes titled "Feynman's Lost Lecture")
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watched over him during the final days of his life until he died on February 15, 1988.
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Feynman was not the only frustrated theoretical physicist in the early post-war years.
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Edgar, R. S.; Feynman, Richard P.; Klein, S.; Lielausis, I.; Steinberg, C. M. (1962).
12941: 12930: 12837: 12696: 12691: 12641: 12490: 12485: 12475: 12336: 12148: 12137: 11932: 11880: 11828: 11740: 11736: 11732: 11720: 11615: 11567: 11563: 11459: 11435: 11375: 11348: 11216: 11208: 11180: 10993: 10889: 10680: 10467: 10322: 10023: 10007: 9983: 9973: 9943: 9917: 9905: 9890: 9871: 9853: 9822: 9795: 9748: 9738: 9732: 9719: 9709: 9685: 9675: 9656: 9646: 9629: 9619: 9599: 9589: 9563: 9553: 9525: 9515: 9498: 9488: 9482: 9466: 9456: 9400: 9390: 9366: 9332: 9322: 9296: 9274: 9264: 9240: 9230: 9213: 9203: 9196: 9179: 9169: 9163: 8643: 8593: 8553: 8461: 8451: 7913: 7861: 7808: 7690: 7639: 7608: 7600: 7510: 7471:(1999). "Specific heat of liquid helium in zero gravity very near the lambda point". 7454: 7371: 7343: 7333: 7135: 6782: 6535: 6523: 6105: 5313: 5235: 4921: 4903: 4862: 4452: 4435: 4428: 4412: 4392: 4374: 4360: 4343: 4326: 4316: 4281: 4258: 4237: 4214: 4187: 4162: 4151: 4135: 4112: 4089: 4070: 4058: 4042: 3979: 3952: 3904: 3828: 3783: 3758: 3700: 3557: 3532: 3518: 3305: 3082: 3040: 3009: 2922: 2809: 2729: 2697: 2625:
In 1978, Feynman sought medical treatment for abdominal pains and was diagnosed with
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functions so they did not look like three variables multiplied together, and for the
1016:. Before entering college, he was experimenting with mathematical topics such as the 1013: 1005: 808: 800: 784: 728: 462: 273: 213: 158: 12741: 12211: 11812: 11519: 9936: 8338: 7620: 7563: 7053: 5715: 5713: 5476: 4638:"Physics World poll names Richard Feynman one of 10 greatest physicists of all time" 4340:
What Do You Care What Other People Think?: Further Adventures of a Curious Character
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episode (1981) (not to be confused with the later published book of the same title)
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and frequent trips to Albuquerque; Fuchs himself later confessed to spying for the
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Mehra, J. (2002). "Richard Phillips Feynman 11 May 1918 â€“ 15 February 1988".
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by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton (Robert Leighton's son), with support from
3998: 3616:"Geometric representation of the Schrödinger equation for solving maser equations" 12967: 12807: 12771: 12701: 12626: 12601: 12500: 12480: 12455: 12044: 12036: 12000: 11864: 11844: 11752: 11691: 11583: 11531: 11507: 11423: 11415: 11352: 11324: 11144: 10956: 10783: 10624: 10612: 10252: 9838: 9814: 9669: 8673: 7361: 7315: 6776: 5710: 5656: 5635: 5210: 3816: 3779: 3553: 3231: 2936: 2850: 2757: 2642: 2414:
and others started doubting the truth of what was passed down and to investigate
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was neatly described by the vector and axial currents. It thus combined the 1933
1998: 1992: 1987: 1932: 1925: 1884: 1867: 1751: 1670: 1651: 1562:, to recommend that Feynman be hired. On February 28, 1944, this was endorsed by 1415: 1400: 1385: 1206: 1186: 1174: 1130: 1125: 1017: 1001: 895: 771: 655: 178: 12716: 11160: 10708: 8229: 3917: 3686: 2146:
existence of a sixth quark, which was discovered in the decade after his death.
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Attendees at Feynman's first seminar, which was on the classical version of the
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Bashe, Charles J.; Johnson, Lyle R.; Palmer, John H.; Pugh, Emerson W. (1986).
8769:"William Hurt to Star in Science Channel/BBC Challenger Docu-Drama (Exclusive)" 8352: 7555: 7502: 7468: 7095: 6519: 6127: 4382: 4158: 3948: 3869: 3362:"Mathematical formulation of the quantum theory of electromagnetic interaction" 2854: 2846: 2646: 2638: 2553: 2541: 2465: 2410:
could be passed down as well as correct knowledge, so another step was needed.
1983: 1944: 1859: 1763: 1715: 1655: 1381: 1202: 1190: 1170: 1147: 1100: 970: 899: 894:
and did not speak until after his third birthday. As an adult, he spoke with a
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March, Robert H. (2003). "Physics at the University of Wisconsin: A History".
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on this album also includes excerpts from lectures without musical background.
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The Pleasure of Finding Things Out: The Best Short Works of Richard P. Feynman
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Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained by Its Most Brilliant Teacher
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Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics: The 1986 Dirac Memorial Lectures
3933:"Difficulties in Applying the Variational Principle to Quantum Field Theories" 3651: 3475: 3263: 3121: 2966: 2118:
governing nucleon scattering. The parton model emerged as a complement to the
13096: 12925: 12787: 12756: 12736: 12681: 12671: 12581: 12470: 12445: 12389: 12223: 12064: 12048: 11996: 11988: 11964: 11908: 11904: 11884: 11868: 11840: 11772: 11551: 11515: 11399: 11336: 11220: 11200: 11136: 11096: 11084: 11064: 11033: 10656: 10616: 10505: 10105: 10013: 9987: 9965: 9961: 9865: 9842: 9834: 9799: 9752: 9723: 9660: 9611: 9603: 9529: 9502: 9470: 9412: 9404: 9370: 9349: 9344: 9336: 9300: 9291: 9244: 9227:
The Voice of Genius: Conversations with Nobel Scientists and Other Luminaries
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SAC (Special Agent in Charge ), Washington Field Office) (January 26, 1955).
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Maxivan with a bronze-khaki exterior and yellow-green interior, with custom
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the offers of professorships from other renowned universities, including the
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every Friday. However, by his youth, Feynman described himself as an "avowed
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Feynman's parents were both from Jewish families, and his family went to the
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In 1974, Feynman delivered the Caltech commencement address on the topic of
675: 12982: 12864: 12721: 12666: 12646: 12631: 12535: 12359: 12032: 12028: 11984: 11952: 11948: 11800: 11784: 11479: 11451: 11431: 11320: 11300: 11292: 11120: 11041: 10948: 10815: 10724: 10700: 10628: 10458: 10079: 10044:"The Quest for Tannu Tuva", with Richard Feynman and Ralph Leighton. 1987, 10038: 9478: 9444: 9382: 9286: 8677: 8428: 8330: 7985: 7612: 7319: 6650:(Interview). Interviewed by Charles Weiner. American Institute of Physics. 6409: 6384: 5468: 5305: 5178:(Interview). Interviewed by Charles Weiner. American Institute of Physics. 4925: 4704:"Richard Feynman (1918–1988) – Biography – MacTutor History of Mathematics" 4513: 4312: 3832: 3787: 3704: 3594: 3561: 3430: 3385: 3351: 3326: 3297: 3166: 3063:
Equations of State of Elements Based on the Generalized Fermi-Thomas Theory
3028:
Neutron Diffusion in a Space Lattice of Fissionable and Absorbing Materials
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of themselves. This lecture is frequently cited in technical literature on
2245: 2183: 2167: 2111: 2100: 2084: 2042: 1833: 1666: 1642:, "were in disgrace". In June 1947, leading American physicists met at the 1504: 1468:, which ultimately proved to be infeasible. He was sought out by physicist 1418:, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality. 1396: 1285: 1277: 1245: 1111: 993: 982: 938: 914: 860: 748: 640: 624: 614: 456: 313: 6021: 6013: 3908: 2440: 2260: 1790: 1746:. To Schwinger, however, the Feynman diagram was "pedagogy, not physics". 1618: 1103:, was "Do you have a map of the cat?" (referring to an anatomical chart). 12812: 12766: 12731: 12706: 12651: 12555: 12545: 12429: 12096: 11980: 11896: 11808: 11764: 11724: 11503: 11499: 11419: 11332: 11304: 11104: 11072: 10874: 10632: 9308: 9001: 7538: 4482:(a collection of drum pieces interspersed with Feynman telling anecdotes) 2799: 2780:. In 2013, Feynman's role on the Rogers Commission was dramatised by the 2626: 2489:
Feynman has been criticized for a chapter in the book entitled "You Just
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would compile a bulky file on Feynman, particularly in view of Feynman's
1496: 1313: 1309: 1301: 1133:, was entitled "The Scattering of Cosmic Rays by the Stars of a Galaxy". 891: 303: 9912:
The Feynman Processor: Quantum Entanglement and the Computing Revolution
9202:. Masters of Modern Physics. Vol. 2. New York: Simon and Schuster. 7886:
Van Kortryk, T. (May 2017). "The doctoral students of Richard Feynman".
1448: 1213:. Feynman received a PhD from Princeton in 1942; his thesis advisor was 50: 12915: 12859: 12596: 12586: 12515: 11956: 11872: 11852: 11695: 11643: 11256: 11192: 11148: 10985: 10901: 10791: 10759: 10526: 10018: 9830: 9191: 9076: 7595: 7578: 7485: 7446: 7164: 6579: 4539: 4534: 4177: 4029: 3824: 2867: 2819: 2756:
on Broadway, with both presentations starring Alda as Richard Feynman.
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Feynman wrote about his experiences teaching physics undergraduates in
2179: 2096: 2080: 2038: 2030: 2018: 1775: 1687: 1647: 1539: 1483: 1469: 1357: 1352: 1236: 1165:. He attained a perfect score on the graduate school entrance exams to 1037: 903: 879: 263: 10156: 8230:"Appendix F – Personal observations on the reliability of the Shuttle" 7905: 7685: 7660: 6484:
Aoyama, Tatsumi; Kinoshita, Toichiro; Nio, Makiko (February 8, 2018).
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Six Not So Easy Pieces: Einstein's Relativity, Symmetry and Space-Time
3740: 3642: 3522: 3086: 3044: 3013: 1832:. He proposed to her by mail from Rio de Janeiro, and they married in 1460:. Feynman is in the second row, fourth from left, next to Oppenheimer. 12957: 12823: 12591: 12394: 11344: 11316: 11152: 9616:
The Beat of a Different Drum: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman
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Pines, David (1989). "Richard Feynman and Condensed Matter Physics".
5967:"The Feynman Files: The professor's invitation past the Iron Curtain" 4309:
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a Curious Character
4293:
something to do something, rather than just dealing with abstractions
3407:"An Operator Calculus Having Applications in Quantum Electrodynamics" 2864: 2739: 2416: 2407: 2394: 2350: 2026: 1892: 1578: 1333: 1021: 930: 12305: 9704:
QED and the Men Who Made It: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga
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Quantum Mechanical View of Reality: Workshop at Esalen (video, 1983)
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The Feynman Lectures on Physics: The Definitive and Extended Edition
3571:"Theory of Inelastic Scattering of Cold Neutrons from Liquid Helium" 3514: 3078: 3036: 3005: 1904:
maid. Feynman knew that this sort of behavior was illegal under the
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Morisy, Michael; Hovden, Robert (June 6, 2012). J Pat Brown (ed.).
4838:"Joan Feynman, Who Shined Light on the Aurora Borealis, Dies at 93" 4488:(audio, talk given by Feynman at Santa Barbara on February 6, 1975) 4469:, with a bundled CD containing one of Feynman's signature lectures. 4273: 3236:"Classical Electrodynamics in Terms of Direct Interparticle Action" 2842: 2669: 2369: 2357: 1936: 1905: 1731: 1659: 1631: 1587: 1320:
that was under development by a team under Wilson's former mentor,
1317: 1227: 1223: 10207: 8565: 6931: 5445:
Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V. (1964). "A New Theory of Gravitation".
4037:
Feynman, Richard P.; Leighton, Robert B.; Sands, Matthew (2005) .
2652:
When Feynman was nearing death, he asked his friend and colleague
2583:
The first public recognition of Feynman's work came in 1954, when
1742:, the use of which extends beyond physics to many applications of 1316:. This was done in a quite different manner from that used by the 12987: 12854: 8741: 6112: 4017: 2420:, from experience, what the true situation was—this was science. 2411: 2390: 2138: 1411: 1292:
brought the United States into the war, Feynman was recruited by
997: 934: 8008:
Murray Gell-Mann talks about Richard Feynman in January 12, 2012
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After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to
871:
Feynman was born on May 11, 1918, in New York City, to Lucille (
827:
and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures,
12373: 12161: 10138: 5871: 5598: 5574: 5550: 5155: 5054: 4492:
The Feynman Lectures on Physics: The Complete Audio Collection,
2893: 2857:, a fictional theoretical physicist from the television series 2548: 2540:. During a break in one hearing, Rogers told commission member 2323: 2220:) and, as a consequence, to the most accurate determination of 1970: 1880: 1779: 1029: 953: 833:. Feynman also became known through his autobiographical books 558: 13293:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
9536: 9415:(1998). "Feynman's War: Modelling Weapons, Modelling Nature". 8378:"The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details" 7415:
Feynman, Richard (1982). "Simulating Physics with Computers".
7296: 7284: 6145: 6133: 5731: 5719: 5680: 4537:, four public lectures of which the four chapters of the book 4451:, edited by Ralph Leighton, W. W. Norton & Company, 2005, 3509:. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Atomic Energy Commission. 3031:. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Atomic Energy Commission. 981:
at 125—high but "merely respectable", according to biographer
9938:
Feynman's Rainbow: A Search For Beauty In Physics And In Life
7238: 7236: 7176: 7174: 7035: 7033: 6881: 6057: 3614:
Feynman, Richard P.; Vernon, F. L.; Hellwarth, R. W. (1957).
2941:"Interaction with the Absorber as the Mechanism of Radiation" 2888:(the European Organization for Nuclear Research, home of the 2825:
Feynman is commemorated in various ways. On May 4, 2005, the
2398: 2142: 1800: 1771: 883: 10405:
Feynman's Lost Lecture: The Motion of Planets Around the Sun
10159:
by Michael Gottlieb, assisted by Rudolf Pfeiffer and Caltech
10149: 8692: 6385:"The radiation theories of Tomonaga, Schwinger, and Feynman" 5934: 5907: 5488: 5486: 5344: 4254:
Feynman's Lost Lecture: The Motion of Planets Around the Sun
3530:
Feynman, Richard P. (1956). "Science and the Open Channel".
2482:
frustration at the attention Feynman received; he remarked:
2445:
In 1977, Feynman supported his English literature colleague
780:, he was ranked the seventh-greatest physicist of all time. 12935: 12404: 10583: 9024:"The Female Supercomputer Designer Who Inspired Steve Jobs" 8204:"Richard Feynman Dead at 69; Leading Theoretical Physicist" 8017: 7826: 7773: 7737: 6993: 6981: 6857: 6807: 6627: 6194: 6192: 6190: 5639: 4359:, ed. Christopher Sykes, W. W. Norton & Company, 1996, 3923: 3096:"Space-time approach to non-relativistic quantum mechanics" 2885: 2617:, but ultimately resigned and is no longer listed by them. 2567: 2002: 1348: 1025: 708: 699: 10201: 8248: 7945: 7713: 7233: 7221: 7171: 7030: 6969: 6919: 6869: 6756: 6671: 6669: 6465: 6417: 6175: 5895: 5847: 5797: 5785: 5761: 5610: 5540: 5538: 5536: 4991: 4449:
Classic Feynman: All the Adventures of a Curious Character
4130:
The Character of Physical Law: The 1964 Messenger Lectures
2472:
that Ralph transcribed. The book was published in 1985 as
2037:, but the solution eluded Feynman. It was solved with the 8822:"The Cast of 'Oppenheimer' and the Real People They Play" 8493: 7749: 7523: 7384: 7272: 7260: 7248: 6698: 6696: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6453: 6441: 6429: 6361: 6349: 6230: 6033: 5946: 5883: 5698: 5686: 5662: 5586: 5562: 5483: 3669:"Mapping experiments with r mutants of bacteriophage T4D" 2781: 2664:
Near the end of his life, Feynman attempted to visit the
1956: 1840:, she was more conservative, and her opinion on the 1954 1508: 1393: 136: 8562:
Hillis on his conversation with Feynman about his dying.
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John Simmons, Lynda Simmons, The Scientific 100, p. 250.
7725: 7633: 7396: 6845: 6337: 6302: 6290: 6278: 6242: 6187: 5924: 5922: 5396: 5203:"The Scattering of Cosmic Rays by the Stars of a Galaxy" 3795:
Feynman, Richard P. (1974a). "Structure of the proton".
2208:. In the 1980s he began to spend his summers working at 7701: 7072: 6666: 5533: 5386: 5384: 5070: 4817: 2441:
Case before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
1928:, purchased with the money from Feynman's Nobel Prize. 1399:
for computation. He invented a new method of computing
1020:
using his own notation. He created special symbols for
10193:
Additional Richard Feynman interviews (with and about)
9161: 8505: 8472: 8171: 8070:"Sexual harassment in science needs to stop (Opinion)" 7957: 6907: 6708: 6693: 6615: 6598: 6586: 6045: 5835: 5743: 5332: 5133: 5131: 4932: 4805: 4769: 4407:
The Meaning of It All: Thoughts of a Citizen-Scientist
3143:"A Relativistic Cut-Off for Classical Electrodynamics" 2752:
in Los Angeles in 2001 and was later presented at the
2641:
caused kidney failure, and he declined to undergo the
1598:, and tried unsuccessfully to use them to formulate a 13022: 10438:
Perfectly Reasonable Deviations from the Beaten Track
10133:
Perfectly Reasonable Deviations from the Beaten Track
8270:
United States Department of Energy. December 28, 2010
8120:"An Outsider's Inside View of the Challenger Inquiry" 7761: 6744: 6681: 6254: 6163: 6151: 5919: 5859: 5773: 5143: 5104: 4793: 4759: 4757: 4701: 2457: 1414:
equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small
1066: 1046: 711: 702: 696: 9671:
Infinite Potential: the Life and Times of David Bohm
8318:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
6827:"Calisphere: Richard Feynman playing the conga drum" 6732: 6266: 5749: 5381: 5261: 5116: 5042: 5030: 4781: 4426:
Feynman, Richard P. (1999). Robbins, Jeffrey (ed.).
4338:
Feynman, Richard P. (1988a). Leighton, Ralph (ed.).
4257:(Vintage Press ed.). London, England: Vintage. 4007:
Tips on Physics: The Definitive and Extended Edition
2017:
At Caltech, Feynman investigated the physics of the
969:, which was also attended by fellow Nobel laureates 719:; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American 9819:
Most of the Good Stuff: Memories of Richard Feynman
9782:Feynman, Richard P. (1987). Leighton, Ralph (ed.). 9734:
No Ordinary Genius: the Illustrated Richard Feynman
6720: 5201:Vallarta, M. S.; Feynman, Richard P. (March 1939). 5128: 4944: 4718: 4357:
No Ordinary Genius: The Illustrated Richard Feynman
4307:Feynman, Richard P. (1985). Leighton, Ralph (ed.). 3974:
Selected Papers of Richard Feynman: With Commentary
2915:Feynman, Richard P. (1942). Laurie M. Brown (ed.). 2437:Feynman served as doctoral advisor to 30 students. 2385:In April 1966, Feynman delivered an address to the 2025:, where helium seems to display a complete lack of 1895:, West Yorkshire, and working in Switzerland as an 705: 693: 9935: 9909: 9701: 9545: 9389:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 9195: 6483: 5508:The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics 5416:"Cosmology: Math Plus Mach Equals Far-Out Gravity" 4964: 4754: 4742: 4730: 4427: 4404: 4229: 4228:Feynman, Richard P. (1995). Brian Hatfield (ed.). 4202: 4150: 4127: 4104: 3971: 3506:Dispersion of the Neutron Emission in U235 Fission 3188:"Relativistic Cut-Off for Quantum Electrodynamics" 2918:The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics 2429:, which has the semblance of science, but is only 1778:was arrested on December 4, 1950 and emigrated to 1083: 1052: 565:The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics 9887:The Great Explainer: The Story of Richard Feynman 9643:Encyclopedia of World Scientists, Revised edition 6558:Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 5629:Richard Feynman Lecture – "Los Alamos From Below" 4829: 4702:O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (August 2002). 4569:Tiny Machines: The Feynman Talk on Nanotechnology 2559:Feynman devoted the latter half of his 1988 book 2468:(Robert Leighton's son), he recorded chapters on 2341:that emphasized form over function. In his mind, 1879:The U.S. government nevertheless sent Feynman to 1622:Feynman diagram of electron/positron annihilation 1491:, into thinking a spy had gained access to them. 1421:On completing this work, Feynman was sent to the 1392:, he assisted in establishing a system for using 13094: 7860:(7). California Institute of Technology: 10–13. 6554:"On Distributions of Certain Wiener Functionals" 3937:Variational Calculations in Quantum Field Theory 2853:" advertising campaign, which launched in 1997. 2668:(ASSR) in the Soviet Union, a dream thwarted by 1805: 1040:, to remove the temptation of canceling out the 906:once commented that Feynman spoke like a "bum". 9960: 9889:. Greensboro, North Carolina: Morgan Reynolds. 9449:Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman 8698: 7807:(6). California Institute of Technology: 9–15. 5200: 3327:"Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamic" 2989:A Theorem and its Application to Finite Tampers 2694:were: "I'd hate to die twice. It's so boring." 1726:physicists to use quantum field theory to make 1441:came into contact with water, which acted as a 857:Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman 13208:Niels Bohr International Gold Medal recipients 12094: 10499:Quantum Man: Richard Feynman's Life in Science 10006:(1996), a movie both directed by and starring 9581:Quantum Man: Richard Feynman's Life in Science 9477: 8890: 8574: 8445: 7302: 7290: 6937: 6063: 5940: 5913: 5877: 5604: 5580: 5556: 5350: 5161: 5063:, pp. 19–20: Gleick says his IQ was 125; 5060: 4459:. Chronologically reordered omnibus volume of 4411:. Reading, Massachusetts: Perseus Publishing. 3993: 2397:, be open-minded, curious, and especially, to 1818: 1410:Other work at Los Alamos included calculating 1230:moving backwards in time. James Gleick wrote: 30:"Feynman" redirects here. For other uses, see 12321: 12080: 10569: 10223: 9867:Tuva or Bust!: Richard Feynman's last journey 9263:. Mahwah, New Jersey: L. Erlbaum Associates. 8940:"USPS – The 2005 Commemorative Stamp Program" 8413:TechnĂ©: Research in Philosophy and Technology 7314: 7128: 6953:. It's Just A Life Story. November 19, 2008. 5444: 4583:Idiosyncratic Thinking Workshop (video, 1985) 4473: 3935:, in Polley, L.; Pottinger, D. E. L. (eds.), 3766:(3737) (published August 12, 1966): 699–708. 2110:Feynman attempted an explanation, called the 1550:Feynman nominally held an appointment at the 1095:, in his last year in high school he won the 9829:. Commentary by Joan Feynman, John Wheeler, 8526:"Richard Feynman and The Connection Machine" 8446:Feynman, Richard; Feynman, Michelle (2005). 8195: 8111: 7638:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 5–6. 7417:International Journal of Theoretical Physics 7360: 5964: 5642:in 1975 (posted to YouTube on July 12, 2016) 4563:Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics 4494:selections from which were also released as 3943:(published August 1, 1988), pp. 28–40, 2908: 2285:Converting the lectures into books occupied 10372:QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter 8536:(2). American Institute of Physics: 78–83. 7885: 7879: 7579:"What I cannot create, I do not understand" 7325:Quantum Computation and Quantum Information 6890: 5815: 4836:Seelye, Katharine Q. (September 10, 2020). 4540:QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter 4434:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Books. 4179:QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter 4103:Feynman, Richard P.; Hibbs, Albert (1965). 3540:(3191) (published February 24, 1956): 307. 2603:Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 1965 2544:, "Feynman is becoming a pain in the ass." 2304:QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter 818:at the California Institute of Technology. 13153:California Institute of Technology faculty 12328: 12314: 12087: 12073: 10576: 10562: 10230: 10216: 9674:. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison Wesley. 9512:Richard Feynman: Quarks, Bombs, and Bongos 9050:"Big Bang Theory: Sheldon's Top 5 Moments" 8884: 8409:"SPT v8n3 – Reviews – Feynman Unprocessed" 8000: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4557:Richard Feynman: Fun to Imagine Collection 4381:. Listed by the board of directors of the 3978:. 20th Century Physics. World Scientific. 3887:(6) (published December 1986): 5080–5084. 2712:List of things named after Richard Feynman 2666:Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 2615:Member of the National Academy of Sciences 2282:being typical for a large lecture course. 2137:experiments of the late 1960s showed that 1766:in July 1949. That year, the Soviet Union 1129:. One of these, which was co-written with 49: 27:American theoretical physicist (1918–1988) 13133:American people of Russian-Jewish descent 10394:What Do You Care What Other People Think? 10078:(2013), a BBC Two factual drama starring 9916:. Reading, Massachusetts: Perseus Books. 9509: 8980:"Fermilab Open House: Computing Division" 8891:Lauer-Williams, Kathy (October 5, 2021). 8586: 8053:"Replacing names in science after #MeToo" 7895: 7794:"New Textbooks for the "New" Mathematics" 7684: 7634:Martin Ebers; Susana Navas, eds. (2020). 7594: 7537: 7484: 7436: 7308: 7045: 6569: 6501: 6408: 6321:Feynman, Richard P. (December 11, 1965). 5292:(4). American Physical Society: 340–343. 5218:(5). American Physical Society: 506–507. 5012:"Museum Tracks Down FRHS Nobel Laureates" 4966:"Physics, bongos and the art of the nude" 4915: 4861: 4811: 4506:Back Tuva Future, The Adventure Continues 4467:What Do You Care What Other People Think? 3874:"Effective classical partition functions" 3694: 3350: 3262: 2701:Richard P. and Gweneth M. Feynman’s grave 2578: 2562:What Do You Care What Other People Think? 2372:". Elementary students were taught about 1969:There had been protests over his alleged 842:What Do You Care What Other People Think? 13298:Fellows of the American Physical Society 13218:Nuclear weapons scientists and engineers 13138:American people of Polish-Jewish descent 9696: 9552:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 9381:(2004). "A Student's View of Fermi". In 9377: 9289:(May 2, 1985). "Strangeness and Charm". 8766: 8400: 8357:American Association of Physics Teachers 8189: 8117: 7570: 7467: 7367:Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction 7328:(10th anniversary ed.). Cambridge: 7078: 5076: 4956: 4938: 4775: 4385:as one of the 100 best nonfiction books. 4337: 4153:Statistical Mechanics: A Set of Lectures 3997: 2715: 2696: 2504: 2259: 2055: 1789: 1736:parabolic partial differential equations 1718:, and introduced what is now called the 1617: 1517: 1447: 1267: 10157:The Feynman Lectures on Physics Website 9540:; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; 9411: 9347:(June 1, 1992). "Quantum computation". 9343: 9251: 9022:Schwab, Katharine (November 16, 2017). 8767:Goldberg, Lesley (September 26, 2012). 8478: 8023: 7975: 7844: 7832: 7791: 7779: 7743: 7707: 7414: 7390: 6999: 6987: 6863: 6813: 6675: 6645: 6633: 6320: 6181: 6051: 5901: 5853: 5841: 5803: 5791: 5767: 5616: 5592: 5504: 5402: 5320:from the original on September 19, 2020 5279: 5173: 5149: 5110: 5048: 5009: 4997: 4799: 4787: 4686: 4655: 4425: 4306: 3681:(2) (published February 1962): 179–86. 3569:Cohen, M.; Feynman, Richard P. (1957). 2451:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 2349:were fundamental prerequisites for his 2191:two of his challenges in nanotechnology 2170:theory. He did work on all four of the 1891:, he met Gweneth Howarth, who was from 992:When Feynman was 15, he taught himself 386: 1942; died 1945) 14: 13095: 10052:(entitled "Last Journey of a Genius"). 9833:, Julian Schwinger, Murray Gell-Mann, 9574: 9443: 9047: 9021: 8866:"American Scientists Series Slideshow" 8614: 8523: 8511: 8406: 8254: 8201: 8177: 8035: 7963: 7951: 7731: 7719: 7402: 7364:; Polak, Wolfgang H. (March 4, 2011). 7242: 7227: 7180: 7134: 7108: 7051: 7039: 6975: 6951:"A Weekend at Richard Feynman's House" 6925: 6913: 6875: 6762: 6714: 6702: 6621: 6609: 6592: 6471: 6423: 6367: 6355: 6260: 6236: 6169: 6157: 6039: 5952: 5928: 5889: 5865: 5779: 5755: 5704: 5692: 5668: 5568: 5521:from the original on December 20, 2019 5492: 5390: 5267: 5249:from the original on November 25, 2020 5122: 5036: 4890: 4835: 4823: 4635: 3652:"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" 2497: 1977: 1955:, he was reluctant to experiment with 1864:President's Science Advisory Committee 1798:In Brazil, Feynman was impressed with 1785:Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas FĂ­sicas 1694:and Niels Bohr all raised objections. 1429:, where the Manhattan Project had its 1296:, who was working on means to produce 845:, and books written about him such as 12335: 12309: 12068: 10557: 10211: 10066:(a one-hour version, under the title 9730: 9640: 9618:. New York: Oxford University Press. 9610: 9307: 9285: 9229:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus. 9224: 9190: 9087:from the original on January 28, 2016 8958:"The Feynman Stamp – Richard Feynman" 8718:from the original on January 17, 2019 8499: 8314: 8268:"LAWRENCE Richard P. Feynman, 196..." 7767: 7755: 7658: 7278: 7266: 7254: 7192: 7060:from the original on October 10, 2019 6781:. Taylor & Francis. p. 155. 6750: 6687: 6459: 6447: 6435: 6379: 6343: 6308: 6296: 6284: 6272: 6248: 6198: 6121: 6075: 5544: 5369:. Mathematical Association of America 5338: 5137: 4979:from the original on January 10, 2022 4950: 4896:International Journal of Nanomedicine 4763: 4748: 4736: 4724: 4603:(video, Cristopher Sykes Documentary) 2387:National Science Teachers Association 2227: 1853:Mary Louise Bell, divorce complaint, 1665:Bethe took the lead from the work of 1609:University of California, Los Angeles 1116:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1112:quota for the number of Jews admitted 948:Later in life, during a visit to the 872: 123:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 13188:Foreign members of the Royal Society 10340:There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom 10131:Presentation by Michelle Feynman on 10098:. One hour documentary. 2013, BBC TV 9667: 9113:from the original on August 25, 2012 8308: 8156:from the original on August 17, 2021 6957:from the original on October 7, 2016 6851: 6774: 6738: 6726: 5090:"Richard Feynman | Biographies" 4962: 4107:Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals 2684:Mountain View Cemetery and Mausoleum 2242:There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom 2132:SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 1738:, yielding what is now known as the 1376:, which built upon previous work by 1263: 1260:, where he visited her on weekends. 1110:but was not accepted because of its 937:". Many years later, in a letter to 824:There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom 110:Mountain View Cemetery and Mausoleum 13203:National Medal of Science laureates 10237: 9954:Published in the United Kingdom as 9261:The Nature of Mathematical Thinking 8868:. beyondtheperf.com. Archived from 8794: 8748:from the original on April 18, 2019 8617:"A Man, a Woman and an Atomic Bomb" 8615:Holden, Stephen (October 4, 1996). 8589:"History Exhumed Via Computer Chip" 8587:Rasmussen, Cecilia (June 5, 2005). 8439: 8227: 8202:Gleick, James (February 17, 1988). 7576: 7092:"The Feynman van – Richard Feynman" 6891:Wellerstein, Alex (July 11, 2014). 6654:from the original on August 9, 2016 6548: 5356: 4668:"Richard P. Feynman – Biographical" 4636:Tindol, Robert (December 2, 1999). 3452:"The λ-Transition in Liquid Helium" 1304:, as part of what would become the 498:Foreign Member of the Royal Society 239:Feynman–Stueckelberg interpretation 24: 12793:Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 10427:The Pleasure of Finding Things Out 10383:Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! 9995: 9760: 9484:Richard Feynman: A Life in Science 9048:Miller, Anthony (March 13, 2013). 8942:. December 2, 2004. Archived from 8842:. feynmangroup.com. Archived from 8296:from the original on April 7, 2018 8085:Koren, Marina (October 24, 2018). 8051:Hu, Jane C. (September 19, 2018). 7792:Feynman, Richard P. (March 1965). 7109:Jepsen, Kathryn (August 5, 2014). 7052:Lipman, Julia C. (March 5, 1999). 6795:from the original on March 4, 2022 6646:Feynman, Richard (March 5, 1966). 5816:Wellerstein, Alex (June 6, 2014). 5448:Proceedings of the Royal Society A 5174:Feynman, Richard (March 5, 1966). 5010:Schwach, Howard (April 15, 2005). 4642:California Institute of Technology 4547:The Pleasure of Finding Things Out 4535:The Douglas Robb Memorial Lectures 4462:Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! 2475:Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! 2459:Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! 2041:of superconductivity, proposed by 1613:University of California, Berkeley 1437:could be avoided, especially when 1384:in the theoretical division. With 1178:no trace of this characteristic". 1173:, had another concern, writing to 989:, saying that his IQ was too low. 836:Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! 791:, the panel that investigated the 549:California Institute of Technology 25: 13314: 13263:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster 10112: 9168:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT. 9075: 8290:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965" 8097:from the original on May 30, 2021 7928:"Interview with Jenijoy La Belle" 7845:Feynman, Richard P. (June 1974). 7661:"Capturing the Wisdom of Feynman" 6833:from the original on May 13, 2019 6212:"I love my wife. My wife is dead" 5364:"List of Previous Putnam Winners" 4674:from the original on July 1, 2006 2874:to place the videos of Feynman's 2705: 2232:Feynman had studied the ideas of 1339:At this juncture, in early 1943, 917:was born and the family moved to 13253:Scientists from New York (state) 13228:People from Far Rockaway, Queens 13178:American experimental physicists 13158:Deaths from cancer in California 13118:20th-century American physicists 13080: 13068: 13056: 13044: 13032: 13009: 13008: 10125: 9821:Simon & Schuster, New York, 9784:"Mr. Feynman Goes to Washington" 9125: 9099: 9069: 9041: 9015: 8994: 8972: 8950: 8932: 8910: 8858: 8832: 8814: 8788: 8760: 8730: 8704: 8662: 8636: 8608: 8580: 8517: 8484: 8388:from the original on May 5, 2019 8370: 8345: 8282: 8260: 8236:from the original on May 5, 2019 8221: 8183: 8041: 7969: 7920: 7838: 7785: 7659:Sands, Matthew (April 1, 2005). 7652: 7627: 7517: 7461: 7408: 7354: 7186: 7157: 7102: 7084: 7005: 6943: 6819: 6768: 6639: 6542: 6477: 6373: 5977:from the original on May 5, 2019 5182:from the original on May 5, 2019 5018:from the original on May 5, 2019 4593:Strangeness Minus Three (video, 4300: 4041:(2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. 3071:Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 2994:Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 2818:, Feynman is portrayed by actor 2637:on February 3, 1988. A ruptured 1813: 1701:, one thing at least was clear: 1211:Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity 689: 674: 410: 13183:Far Rockaway High School alumni 10512:Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology 10350:The Feynman Lectures on Physics 10263:Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory 6648:"Richard Feynman – Session III" 6314: 6204: 6069: 5989: 5958: 5809: 5622: 5498: 5438: 5422:. June 26, 1964. Archived from 5408: 5273: 5194: 5167: 5082: 5003: 4884: 4855: 4278:Feynman Lectures on Computation 4067:Theory of Fundamental Processes 4014:The Feynman Lectures on Physics 4003:The Feynman Lectures on Physics 2903: 2317:Feynman Lectures on Computation 2271:The Feynman Lectures on Physics 2218:variational perturbation theory 2079:, Feynman developed a model of 1804:music, and learned to play the 1762:Feynman spent several weeks in 1757: 1552:University of Wisconsin–Madison 1372:for calculating the yield of a 1183:Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory 830:The Feynman Lectures on Physics 803:and introducing the concept of 430: 406: 383: 351:Variational perturbation theory 346:Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory 330:The Feynman Lectures on Physics 9870:. W. W. Norton & Company. 9708:. Princeton University Press. 9133:"Feynman's Messenger Lectures" 9081:"The Best Teacher I Never Had" 8893:"Carbon artist designs stamps" 6893:"Who smeared Richard Feynman?" 5280:Feynman, R. P. (August 1939). 5176:"Richard Feynman – Session II" 4629: 4342:. W. W. Norton & Company. 3234:; Feynman, Richard P. (1949). 2939:; Feynman, Richard P. (1945). 2528:, which investigated the 1986 1452:At the 1946 colloquium on the 1219:principle of stationary action 785:development of the atomic bomb 770:, which later became known as 13: 1: 13278:American relativity theorists 10361:The Character of Physical Law 10204:, a site dedicated to Feynman 10197:American Institute of Physics 9776:American Institute of Physics 9437:10.1016/S1355-2198(98)00013-6 8670:"Real Time Opera productions" 6829:. Calisphere. December 1956. 5514:(PhD). Princeton University. 4622: 4575:Computers From the Inside Out 4526:The Character of Physical Law 4176:Feynman, Richard P. (1985b). 3712:Feynman, Richard P. (1968) . 2881:The Character of Physical Law 2631:Waldenström macroglobulinemia 2598:Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award 2299:The Character of Physical Law 2210:Thinking Machines Corporation 1678:in 1948. It did not go well. 1272:Feynman's Los Alamos ID badge 866: 100:Los Angeles, California, U.S. 56: 13288:United States Army civilians 13223:American particle physicists 12953:Oppenheimer security hearing 10068:The Best Mind Since Einstein 9641:Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). 9514:. Chelsea House Publishers. 8118:Feynman, Richard P (1988b). 8068:Urry, Meg (August 9, 2014). 8038:, pp. 287–291, 341–345. 6124:, pp. 161–164, 178–179. 5505:Feynman, Richard P. (1942). 4609:The Best Mind Since Einstein 4403:Feynman, Richard P. (1998). 4272:Feynman, Richard P. (2000). 4251:Feynman, Richard P. (1997). 4201:Feynman, Richard P. (1987). 4149:Feynman, Richard P. (1972). 4126:Feynman, Richard P. (1967). 4084:Feynman, Richard P. (1962). 4065:Feynman, Richard P. (1961). 3966:Feynman, Richard P. (2000). 3931:Feynman, Richard P. (1988), 3916:Feynman, Richard P. (1986). 3848:Feynman, Richard P. (1974). 3817:10.1126/science.183.4125.601 3780:10.1126/science.153.3737.699 3650:Feynman, Richard P. (1960). 3554:10.1126/science.123.3191.307 3450:Feynman, Richard P. (1953). 3405:Feynman, Richard P. (1951). 3360:Feynman, Richard P. (1950). 3325:Feynman, Richard P. (1949). 3272:Feynman, Richard P. (1949). 3186:Feynman, Richard P. (1948). 3141:Feynman, Richard P. (1948). 3094:Feynman, Richard P. (1948). 3073:, Atomic Energy Commission. 2986:Feynman, Richard P. (1946). 2827:United States Postal Service 2393:could be made to think like 2389:, in which he suggested how 1887:Conference. On the beach at 1842:Oppenheimer security hearing 1605:Institute for Advanced Study 1157:In 1939, Feynman received a 960: 723:, known for his work in the 7: 13273:American quantum physicists 13233:Princeton University alumni 9765: 9731:Sykes, Christopher (1994). 9645:. New York: Facts on File. 9137:feynmanlectures.caltech.edu 8699:Ottaviani & Myrick 2011 8382:National Science Foundation 7140:"The Brilliant Mr. Feynman" 4706:. University of St. Andrews 3994:Textbooks and lecture notes 2255: 1819:Personal and political life 1347:, a secret laboratory on a 1114:. Instead, he attended the 950:Jewish Theological Seminary 924: 634:Other notable students 336:Universal quantum simulator 10: 13319: 13283:Quantum gravity physicists 13248:Scientists from California 13213:Nobel laureates in Physics 13198:American nanotechnologists 13168:Cornell University faculty 10308:Quantum cellular automaton 10033:Whittell, Crispin (2006), 9972:. New York: First Second. 9970:Feynman: The Graphic Novel 9942:. New York: Warner Books. 9737:. New York: W. W. Norton. 9586:W. W. Norton & Company 9259:; Ben-Zeev, Talia (eds.). 9155: 8656:Internet Broadway Database 8575:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 8524:Hillis, W. Daniel (1989). 7556:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.174518 7503:10.1103/PhysRevD.60.085001 7330:Cambridge University Press 7303:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 7291:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 7054:"Finding the Real Feynman" 7017:University of Toronto News 6938:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 6778:Encyclopedia of Percussion 6520:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.036001 6064:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5941:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5914:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5878:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5605:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5581:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5557:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5351:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5162:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 5061:Gribbin & Gribbin 1997 4893:"And the award goes to..." 4867:"My Mother, the Scientist" 4474:Audio and video recordings 4276:; Allen, Robin W. (eds.). 4236:. Addison Wesley Longman. 4211:Cambridge University Press 4184:Princeton University Press 3949:10.1142/9789814390187_0003 3623:Journal of Applied Physics 2798:playing Feynman. In 2016, 2709: 2613:in 1979. He was elected a 2478:and became a best-seller. 2012: 2009:was the license plate ID. 1728:high-precision predictions 1545: 1403:that he later used on the 952:, Feynman encountered the 747:for which he proposed the 29: 13268:American textbook writers 13006: 12896:Bismuth phosphate process 12891:Atomic Energy Act of 1946 12878: 12847: 12780: 12569: 12438: 12352: 12343: 12233: 12202: 12171: 12147: 12123: 12104: 11705: 11362: 11051: 10829: 10595: 10480: 10451: 10331: 10288:Path integral formulation 10245: 10124: 10119: 9510:Henderson, Harry (2011). 8840:"Who is Richard Feynman?" 8560:– via The Long Now. 8450:. New York: Basic Books. 7370:. MIT Press. p. 44. 6098:10.1007/s00016-003-0142-6 6020:, dated 3/14/50 captioned 5648:Later in this same talk, 4055:Feynman's Tips on Physics 3687:10.1093/genetics/47.2.179 3476:10.1103/PhysRev.90.1116.2 3274:"The theory of positrons" 3264:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.425 3243:Reviews of Modern Physics 3122:10.1103/RevModPhys.20.367 3101:Reviews of Modern Physics 2967:10.1103/RevModPhys.17.157 2946:Reviews of Modern Physics 2909:Selected scientific works 2611:National Medal of Science 2360:to be used by schools in 2135:deep inelastic scattering 2062:Robert Treat Paine Estate 1945:sensory deprivation tanks 1830:Michigan State University 1650:, the measurement of the 1644:Shelter Island Conference 743:, as well as his work in 725:path integral formulation 673: 668: 664: 633: 587: 575: 557: 536: 526: 519: 510:National Medal of Science 472: 449: 441: 362: 324:Synthetic molecular motor 269:Quantum cellular automata 259:Path integral formulation 224:Heaviside-Feynman formula 146: 115: 105: 89: 66: 48: 41: 13303:American science writers 13193:Manhattan Project people 13143:American Nobel laureates 10313:Rogers Commission Report 10273:Hellmann–Feynman theorem 10095:The Fantastic Mr Feynman 9864:Leighton, Ralph (2000). 9807: 9481:; Gribbin, Mary (1997). 9363:10.1088/2058-7058/5/6/38 9198:The Road from Los Alamos 8292:. The Nobel Foundation. 8232:. Kennedy Space Center. 7981:"The Jaguar and the Fox" 7111:"Saving the Feynman van" 5232:10.1103/PhysRev.55.506.2 4670:. The Nobel Foundation. 4618:Nature of Matter (audio) 4588:Richard's Life and Times 4391:, Addison Wesley, 1997, 3901:10.1103/PhysRevA.34.5080 2998:Atomic Energy Commission 2620: 2589:Atomic Energy Commission 2264:Feynman during a lecture 2172:fundamental interactions 1858:In the wake of the 1957 1330:University of California 1152:Hellmann–Feynman theorem 967:Far Rockaway High School 685:Richard Phillips Feynman 219:Hellmann–Feynman theorem 71:Richard Phillips Feynman 32:Feynman (disambiguation) 13173:Deaths from liposarcoma 12973:S-1 Executive Committee 12921:Einstein–Szilard letter 10539:The Challenger Disaster 10283:Feynman parametrization 10070:) (2 × 50-minute films) 9901:for high school readers 9850:Disturbing the Universe 9788:Engineering and Science 9319:Oxford University Press 8652:Vivian Beaumont Theatre 7854:Engineering and Science 7801:Engineering and Science 7583:Journal of Cell Science 6018:Albuquerque, New Mexico 4543:are transcripts. (1979) 4373:, Perseus Books, 1994, 4280:. Perseus Books Group. 4232:Lectures on Gravitation 4086:Quantum Electrodynamics 3857:Engineering and Science 3656:Engineering and Science 3212:10.1103/PhysRev.74.1430 2792:The Challenger Disaster 2754:Vivian Beaumont Theater 2313:Lectures on Gravitation 2155:Einstein field equation 2103:with an explanation of 1947:, as a way of studying 1883:for the September 1958 1628:Quantum electrodynamics 1362:Albuquerque, New Mexico 733:quantum electrodynamics 620:Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz 284:Quantum electrodynamics 194:Feynman parametrization 13258:Sloan Research Fellows 12415:Salt Wells Pilot Plant 12239:Nobel Prize recipients 12204:Physiology or Medicine 10589:Nobel Prize in Physics 10278:Feynman slash notation 9956:Some Time With Feynman 9885:LeVine, Harry (2009). 9848:Dyson, Freeman (1979) 9542:Westfall, Catherine L. 8774:The Hollywood Reporter 8429:10.5840/techne20058314 8407:Toumey, Chris (2005). 8331:10.1098/rsbm.2002.0007 6775:Beck, John H. (2013). 6410:10.1103/PhysRev.75.486 6078:Physics in Perspective 6030: 5818:"Feynman and the Bomb" 5655:March 4, 2022, at the 5469:10.1098/rspa.1964.0227 5306:10.1103/PhysRev.56.340 4500:Six Not So Easy Pieces 4032:and other physicists. 4010: 3595:10.1103/PhysRev.107.13 3431:10.1103/PhysRev.84.108 3386:10.1103/PhysRev.80.440 3352:10.1103/PhysRev.76.769 3298:10.1103/PhysRev.76.749 3167:10.1103/PhysRev.74.939 2725: 2702: 2662: 2587:, the chairman of the 2579:Recognition and awards 2517: 2383: 2265: 2252:, and nanotechnology. 2164:quantum chromodynamics 2089:E. C. George Sudarshan 2069: 2066:Waltham, Massachusetts 2051:John Robert Schrieffer 1908:, so he had a friend, 1877: 1856: 1806: 1795: 1623: 1592:William Rowan Hamilton 1527: 1522:Feynman (center) with 1461: 1423:Clinton Engineer Works 1290:attack on Pearl Harbor 1273: 1241: 1215:John Archibald Wheeler 1209:did much later as the 1144: 1118:, where he joined the 1085: 1054: 975:Baruch Samuel Blumberg 753:Nobel Prize in Physics 582:John Archibald Wheeler 492:Nobel Prize in Physics 209:Feynman slash notation 164:Acoustic wave equation 13128:20th-century atheists 12993:X-10 Graphite Reactor 12948:Nobel Prize laureates 12818:509th Composite Group 12114:Robert Burns Woodward 10416:The Meaning of It All 10303:One-electron universe 10268:Bethe–Feynman formula 10102:How We Built The Bomb 9813:Brown, Laurie M. and 9253:Carroll, John Bissell 9225:Brian, Denis (2001). 9165:IBM's Early Computers 9107:"100 Best Nonfiction" 8946:on December 30, 2006. 8680:on September 28, 2018 7577:Way, Michael (2017). 7098:on December 18, 2019. 6010: 5282:"Forces in Molecules" 4891:Haynie, D.T. (2007). 4586:Bits and Pieces—From 4486:Los Alamos From Below 4001: 3868:Feynman, Richard P.; 3601:on September 14, 2020 3495:Feynman, Richard P.; 3482:on September 17, 2020 3437:on September 15, 2020 3392:on September 14, 2020 3218:on September 19, 2020 3173:on September 19, 2020 3128:on September 17, 2020 3052:Feynman, Richard P.; 3021:Feynman, Richard P.; 2890:Large Hadron Collider 2719: 2700: 2679:, published in 1991. 2658: 2508: 2378: 2309:Statistical Mechanics 2263: 2193:; one was claimed by 2059: 1901:Albert Einstein Award 1872: 1846: 1793: 1654:of the electron, and 1621: 1521: 1458:Los Alamos Laboratory 1451: 1435:criticality accidents 1370:Bethe–Feynman formula 1345:Los Alamos Laboratory 1343:was establishing the 1271: 1232: 1135: 1086: 1055: 755:in 1965 jointly with 735:, the physics of the 721:theoretical physicist 480:Albert Einstein Award 289:Quantum hydrodynamics 249:One-electron universe 169:Bethe–Feynman formula 13163:Cellular automatists 12901:British contribution 12803:Operation Peppermint 12798:Operation Crossroads 12657:Maria Goeppert Mayer 10318:Feynman checkerboard 10298:Sticky bead argument 9794:(1). Caltech: 6–22. 9668:Peat, David (1997). 9257:Sternberg, Robert J. 9055:Los Angeles Magazine 8658:. November 18, 2001. 8228:Feynman, Richard P. 7847:"Cargo Cult Science" 7138:(February 7, 2024). 6146:Hoddeson et al. 1993 6134:Hoddeson et al. 1993 5732:Hoddeson et al. 1993 5720:Hoddeson et al. 1993 5681:Hoddeson et al. 1993 5634:May 5, 2020, at the 5426:on December 13, 2011 4612:(video, Documentary) 4005:including Feynman's 3850:"Cargo Cult Science" 2835:Josiah Willard Gibbs 2760:premiered its opera 2688:Altadena, California 2524:on the Presidential 2238:quantum field theory 2125:omega-minus particle 1914:Altadena, California 1744:stochastic processes 1712:Schrödinger equation 1703:Shin'ichirƍ Tomonaga 1532:Trinity nuclear test 1489:Frederic de Hoffmann 1466:uranium hydride bomb 1427:Oak Ridge, Tennessee 1326:Radiation Laboratory 1167:Princeton University 1093:Arista Honor Society 1084:{\displaystyle d/dx} 1064: 1044: 919:Far Rockaway, Queens 761:Shin'ichirƍ Tomonaga 486:E. O. Lawrence Award 409: 1952; 319:Sticky bead argument 174:Feynman checkerboard 133:Princeton University 12662:George Kistiakowsky 12617:Charles Critchfield 10258:Feynman–Kac formula 9698:Schweber, Silvan S. 9576:Krauss, Lawrence M. 9429:1998SHPMP..29..391G 9083:. The Gates Notes. 8846:on November 5, 2011 8577:, pp. 257–258. 8542:1989PhT....42b..78H 8502:, pp. 600–605. 8353:"The Oersted Medal" 8257:, pp. 295–296. 8139:1988PhT....41b..26F 8026:, pp. 184–191. 7954:, pp. 409–411. 7835:, pp. 184–185. 7782:, pp. 288–302. 7758:, pp. 336–341. 7746:, pp. 241–246. 7722:, pp. 357–364. 7677:2005PhT....58d..49S 7548:2003PhRvB..68q4518L 7495:1999PhRvD..60h5001K 7429:1982IJTP...21..467F 7362:Rieffel, Eleanor G. 7316:Nielsen, Michael A. 7281:, pp. 505–507. 7269:, pp. 516–519. 7257:, pp. 507–514. 7245:, pp. 387–396. 7230:, pp. 330–339. 7207:1989PhT....42b..61P 7183:, pp. 299–303. 7042:, pp. 409–412. 7002:, pp. 204–205. 6990:, pp. 330–337. 6978:, pp. 405–406. 6940:, pp. 151–153. 6928:, pp. 339–347. 6878:, pp. 291–294. 6866:, pp. 233–236. 6854:, pp. 125–127. 6816:, pp. 322–327. 6765:, pp. 283–286. 6636:, pp. 232–233. 6512:2018PhRvD..97c6001A 6474:, pp. 275–276. 6462:, pp. 301–302. 6450:, pp. 271–272. 6438:, pp. 251–252. 6426:, pp. 271–272. 6401:1949PhRv...75..486D 6370:, pp. 267–269. 6358:, pp. 256–258. 6346:, pp. 246–248. 6311:, pp. 229–234. 6299:, pp. 223–228. 6287:, pp. 218–219. 6251:, pp. 213–214. 6239:, pp. 227–229. 6218:. February 15, 2012 6201:, pp. 171–174. 6184:, pp. 162–163. 6090:2003PhP.....5..130M 6042:, pp. 200–202. 5955:, pp. 296–297. 5904:, pp. 147–149. 5892:, pp. 188–189. 5856:, pp. 414–422. 5806:, pp. 407–409. 5794:, pp. 403–407. 5770:, pp. 125–129. 5722:, pp. 157–159. 5707:, pp. 165–169. 5695:, pp. 158–160. 5671:, pp. 141–145. 5619:, pp. 107–108. 5571:, pp. 150–151. 5495:, pp. 129–130. 5461:1964RSPSA.282..191H 5298:1939PhRv...56..340F 5224:1939PhRv...55..506V 5000:, pp. 284–287. 4972:The Daily Telegraph 4009:(2nd edition, 2005) 3893:1986PhRvA..34.5080F 3809:1974Sci...183..601F 3772:1966Sci...153..699F 3733:1969PhTea...7..313F 3721:The Physics Teacher 3635:1957JAP....28...49F 3587:1957PhRv..107...13C 3546:1956Sci...123..307F 3468:1953PhRv...90.1116F 3423:1951PhRv...84..108F 3378:1950PhRv...80..440F 3343:1949PhRv...76..769F 3290:1949PhRv...76..749F 3255:1949RvMP...21..425W 3204:1948PhRv...74.1430F 3159:1948PhRv...74..939F 3114:1948RvMP...20..367F 2959:1945RvMP...17..157W 2892:), a street on the 2860:The Big Bang Theory 2815:American Prometheus 2776:and illustrated by 2748:, premiered at the 2732:in the 1996 biopic 2720:Bust of Feynman on 2635:UCLA Medical Center 2366:pure mathematicians 2337:, as well as other 2160:Yang–Mills theories 2116:strong interactions 1986:, Feynman bought a 1978:Feynman diagram van 1740:Feynman–Kac formula 1636:perturbation theory 1574:, in October 1945. 1390:Nicholas Metropolis 1108:Columbia University 1106:Feynman applied to 1097:New York University 987:Mensa International 816:theoretical physics 783:He assisted in the 768:subatomic particles 646:Douglas D. Osheroff 531:Theoretical physics 294:Quantum logic gates 279:Quantum dissipation 189:Feynman–Kac formula 84:New York City, U.S. 13063:History of science 13039:Nuclear technology 12727:Henry DeWolf Smyth 12506:Robert Oppenheimer 12461:Priscilla Duffield 12218:AndrĂ© Michel Lwoff 12181:Sin-Itiro Tomonaga 10493:Cargo cult science 10056:No Ordinary Genius 10022:, Applause Books, 9906:Milburn, Gerald J. 9852:. Harper and Row. 9845:, and Laurie Brown 9109:. Modern Library. 8795:Feynman, Richard. 8622:The New York Times 8435:on March 19, 2019. 8208:The New York Times 8047:Multiple sources: 7636:Algorithms and Law 7596:10.1242/jcs.209791 7447:10.1007/BF02650179 7136:Dubner, Stephen J. 6325:. Nobel Foundation 5595:, pp. 99–103. 5547:, pp. 92–101. 5065:No Ordinary Genius 4865:(April 18, 2002). 4863:Hirshberg, Charles 4842:The New York Times 4601:No Ordinary Genius 4521:Messenger Lectures 4088:. Addison Wesley. 4069:. Addison Wesley. 4022:Robert B. Leighton 4011: 3714:"What is Science?" 2876:Messenger Lectures 2831:Barbara McClintock 2726: 2703: 2682:His burial was at 2520:Feynman played an 2518: 2426:cargo cult science 2347:clear presentation 2291:Robert B. Leighton 2275:David L. Goodstein 2266: 2236:while researching 2228:Machine technology 2222:critical exponents 2070: 2005:, bought the van. 2001:, a father of the 1870:on August 8, 1958: 1796: 1794:Feynman with drums 1720:Feynman propagator 1624: 1528: 1524:Robert Oppenheimer 1479:natural logarithms 1462: 1431:uranium enrichment 1405:Connection Machine 1341:Robert Oppenheimer 1322:Ernest O. Lawrence 1274: 1199:general relativity 1091:. A member of the 1081: 1050: 855:and the biography 651:Paul J. Steinhardt 544:Cornell University 299:Quantum turbulence 264:Playing the bongos 204:Feynman propagator 18:Richard P. Feynman 13243:Quantum computing 13148:American skeptics 13123:American atheists 13020: 13019: 12942:Los Alamos Primer 12931:Interim Committee 12886:African Americans 12838:The Great Artiste 12697:Isidor Isaac Rabi 12692:Norman Ramsey Jr. 12491:Franklin Matthias 12430:Heavy water sites 12337:Manhattan Project 12303: 12302: 12138:Mikhail Sholokhov 12062: 12061: 10551: 10550: 10543: 10522: 10468:Charles Hirshberg 10323:Feynman sprinkler 10144: 10143: 10028:978-1-55783-592-5 10008:Matthew Broderick 9979:978-1-59643-259-8 9932:Mlodinow, Leonard 9896:978-1-59935-113-1 9817:(editors) (1993) 9652:978-1-4381-1882-6 9595:978-0-393-06471-1 9538:Hoddeson, Lillian 9521:978-0-8160-6176-1 9396:978-0-226-12111-6 9328:978-0-19-959350-7 9270:978-0-8058-1799-7 9236:978-0-7382-0447-5 9002:"Think Different" 8594:Los Angeles Times 7906:10.1063/PT.5.9100 7734:, pp. 12–13. 7686:10.1063/1.1955479 7589:(18): 2941–2942. 7526:Physical Review B 7473:Physical Review D 7405:, pp. 78–83. 7393:, pp. 57–61. 7377:978-0-262-01506-6 7339:978-1-107-00217-3 7115:Symmetry Magazine 6895:. Restricted Data 6490:Physical Review D 6136:, pp. 47–52. 6012:In a report by SA 5880:, pp. 95–96. 5744:Bashe et al. 1986 5607:, pp. 64–65. 5583:, pp. 63–64. 5559:, pp. 66–67. 5455:(1389): 191–207. 5405:, pp. 77–80. 5341:, pp. 71–78. 5164:, pp. 45–46. 4826:, pp. 25–26. 4640:(Press release). 4480:Safecracker Suite 4157:. Reading, Mass: 4095:978-0-8053-2501-0 3985:978-981-02-4131-5 3881:Physical Review A 3741:10.1119/1.2351388 3643:10.1063/1.1722572 3312:on August 9, 2022 3198:(10): 1430–1438. 2973:on April 17, 2020 2928:978-981-256-380-4 2810:Christopher Nolan 2730:Matthew Broderick 2609:in 1972, and the 2593:Isidor Isaac Rabi 2572:Christa McAuliffe 2538:William P. Rogers 2526:Rogers Commission 2206:quantum computers 2197:and the other by 2035:superconductivity 1772:first atomic bomb 1676:Pocono Conference 1443:neutron moderator 1306:Manhattan Project 1282:Frankford Arsenal 1264:Manhattan Project 1239:—but few others. 1159:bachelor's degree 1053:{\displaystyle d} 1014:integral calculus 1006:analytic geometry 965:Feynman attended 809:Richard C. Tolman 801:quantum computing 789:Rogers Commission 729:quantum mechanics 682: 681: 600:Laurie Mark Brown 588:Doctoral students 521:Scientific career 463:Charles Hirshberg 341:Vortex ring model 309:Rogers Commission 274:Quantum computing 214:Feynman sprinkler 159:Manhattan Project 93:February 15, 1988 16:(Redirected from 13310: 13085: 13084: 13083: 13073: 13072: 13071: 13061: 13060: 13059: 13049: 13048: 13037: 13036: 13035: 13028: 13012: 13011: 12963:Quebec Agreement 12747:John von Neumann 12687:George B. Pegram 12496:Dorothy McKibbin 12330: 12323: 12316: 12307: 12306: 12241: 12187:Julian Schwinger 12089: 12082: 12075: 12066: 12065: 12055: 12039: 12023: 12007: 11991: 11975: 11959: 11943: 11927: 11915: 11899: 11887: 11875: 11859: 11847: 11831: 11815: 11803: 11791: 11775: 11759: 11743: 11727: 11698: 11682: 11670: 11654: 11638: 11622: 11610: 11598: 11586: 11578: 11570: 11554: 11538: 11522: 11510: 11494: 11486: 11474: 11462: 11454: 11438: 11426: 11410: 11394: 11378: 11355: 11339: 11327: 11311: 11295: 11287: 11275: 11267: 11259: 11251: 11243: 11227: 11211: 11195: 11187: 11175: 11167: 11155: 11139: 11127: 11111: 11099: 11087: 11079: 11067: 11044: 11036: 11028: 11020: 11012: 11004: 10996: 10988: 10980: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10966: 10965: 10959: 10951: 10943: 10931: 10919: 10911: 10910: 10904: 10892: 10884: 10883: 10877: 10869: 10861: 10853: 10841: 10822: 10810: 10802: 10794: 10786: 10778: 10770: 10762: 10754: 10746: 10745: 10739: 10727: 10719: 10717:Kamerlingh Onnes 10711: 10703: 10695: 10687: 10675: 10667: 10659: 10651: 10643: 10635: 10619: 10607: 10578: 10571: 10564: 10555: 10554: 10541: 10533: 10520: 10473: 10464: 10444: 10433: 10422: 10411: 10400: 10389: 10378: 10367: 10356: 10345: 10232: 10225: 10218: 10209: 10208: 10153: 10152: 10150:Official website 10129: 10128: 10117: 10116: 9991: 9953: 9941: 9927: 9915: 9900: 9881: 9803: 9756: 9727: 9707: 9693: 9664: 9637: 9607: 9571: 9551: 9533: 9506: 9474: 9440: 9408: 9387:Fermi Remembered 9383:Cronin, James W. 9379:Friedman, Jerome 9374: 9340: 9304: 9282: 9248: 9221: 9201: 9187: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9073: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9045: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9019: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9008: 8998: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8976: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8936: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8920:. March 31, 2005 8914: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8862: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8828:. July 20, 2023. 8818: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8764: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8738:"The Challenger" 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8712:"The Challenger" 8708: 8702: 8696: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8676:. Archived from 8666: 8660: 8659: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8612: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8584: 8578: 8572: 8563: 8561: 8550:10.1063/1.881196 8521: 8515: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8488: 8482: 8476: 8470: 8469: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8431:. 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Archived from 7088: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7049: 7043: 7037: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6888: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6855: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6823: 6817: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6754: 6748: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6573: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6505: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6451: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6137: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6110: 6109: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6031: 6023: 6015: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6000:. p. 1(324) 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5708: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5638:, talk given at 5626: 5620: 5614: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5520: 5513: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5481: 5480: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5368: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5248: 5207: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5092:. Atomic Archive 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4968: 4963:Harrison, John. 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4919: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4699: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4664: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4633: 4606:Richard Feynman— 4510:Kongar-ool Ondar 4445: 4433: 4422: 4410: 4353: 4334: 4295: 4268: 4247: 4235: 4224: 4208: 4197: 4172: 4156: 4145: 4133: 4122: 4110: 4099: 4080: 4052: 3989: 3977: 3961: 3941:World Scientific 3927: 3912: 3878: 3864: 3854: 3844: 3791: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3718: 3708: 3698: 3663: 3646: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3597:. Archived from 3565: 3526: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3478:. Archived from 3462:(6): 1116–1117. 3446: 3444: 3442: 3433:. Archived from 3401: 3399: 3397: 3388:. Archived from 3356: 3354: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3308:. Archived from 3268: 3266: 3240: 3232:Wheeler, John A. 3227: 3225: 3223: 3214:. Archived from 3182: 3180: 3178: 3169:. Archived from 3137: 3135: 3133: 3124:. Archived from 3090: 3068: 3048: 3017: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2969:. Archived from 2953:(2–3): 157–181. 2937:Wheeler, John A. 2932: 2768:entitled simply 2750:Mark Taper Forum 2485: 2447:Jenijoy La Belle 2368:as part of the " 2339:teaching methods 2333:, or unthinking 2329:Feynman opposed 2279:Gerry Neugebauer 2234:John von Neumann 2195:William McLellan 2105:parity violation 2093:weak interaction 2077:Murray Gell-Mann 2047:Leon Neil Cooper 1918:Huntington Hotel 1854: 1826:Neodesha, Kansas 1809: 1684:Feynman diagrams 1680:Julian Schwinger 1669:, and derived a 1640:Murray Gell-Mann 1572:Ithaca, New York 1568:Raymond T. Birge 1439:enriched uranium 1298:enriched uranium 1294:Robert R. Wilson 1258:Deborah Hospital 1195:John von Neumann 1161:and was named a 1142:in cosmic rays." 1090: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1074: 1059: 1057: 1056: 1051: 998:advanced algebra 878:; 1895–1981), a 877: 772:Feynman diagrams 757:Julian Schwinger 745:particle physics 731:, the theory of 718: 717: 714: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 678: 610:Thomas Curtright 595:James M. Bardeen 577:Doctoral advisor 571: 434: 432: 414: 412: 408: 396:Mary Louise Bell 387: 385: 373:Arline Greenbaum 234:Brownian ratchet 179:Feynman diagrams 96: 80: 78: 61: 58: 53: 39: 38: 21: 13318: 13317: 13313: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13308: 13307: 13103:Richard Feynman 13093: 13092: 13091: 13081: 13079: 13069: 13067: 13057: 13055: 13043: 13033: 13031: 13023: 13021: 13016: 13002: 12968:RaLa Experiment 12874: 12843: 12808:Project Alberta 12776: 12772:Chien-Shiung Wu 12702:James Rainwater 12637:Richard Feynman 12627:John R. Dunning 12602:Norris Bradbury 12565: 12551:Stafford Warren 12521:William Purnell 12501:Kenneth Nichols 12481:Ernest Lawrence 12456:James B. Conant 12434: 12348: 12339: 12334: 12304: 12299: 12237: 12229: 12214:(Great Britain) 12198: 12195:(United States) 12193:Richard Feynman 12189:(United States) 12167: 12164:(United States) 12143: 12119: 12116:(United States) 12100: 12093: 12063: 12058: 12042: 12026: 12010: 11994: 11978: 11962: 11946: 11930: 11918: 11902: 11890: 11878: 11862: 11850: 11834: 11818: 11806: 11794: 11778: 11762: 11746: 11730: 11714: 11707: 11701: 11685: 11673: 11657: 11648:Cohen-Tannoudji 11641: 11625: 11613: 11601: 11589: 11581: 11573: 11557: 11541: 11525: 11513: 11497: 11489: 11477: 11465: 11457: 11441: 11429: 11413: 11397: 11381: 11369: 11358: 11342: 11330: 11314: 11298: 11290: 11278: 11270: 11262: 11254: 11246: 11230: 11214: 11198: 11190: 11178: 11170: 11158: 11142: 11130: 11114: 11102: 11090: 11082: 11070: 11058: 11047: 11039: 11031: 11023: 11015: 11007: 10999: 10991: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10970: 10969: 10963: 10962: 10954: 10946: 10934: 10922: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10895: 10887: 10881: 10880: 10872: 10864: 10856: 10844: 10836: 10825: 10813: 10805: 10797: 10789: 10781: 10773: 10765: 10757: 10749: 10743: 10742: 10730: 10722: 10714: 10706: 10698: 10690: 10678: 10670: 10662: 10654: 10646: 10638: 10622: 10610: 10602: 10591: 10582: 10552: 10547: 10531: 10476: 10471: 10462: 10447: 10442: 10431: 10420: 10409: 10398: 10387: 10376: 10365: 10354: 10343: 10327: 10253:Feynman diagram 10241: 10239:Richard Feynman 10236: 10202:Feynman Online! 10148: 10147: 10126: 10120:External videos 10115: 9998: 9996:Films and plays 9980: 9950: 9930: 9924: 9904: 9897: 9884: 9878: 9863: 9839:David Goodstein 9815:Rigden, John S. 9810: 9781: 9768: 9763: 9761:Further reading 9745: 9716: 9682: 9653: 9626: 9596: 9560: 9522: 9495: 9463: 9397: 9329: 9271: 9237: 9210: 9176: 9158: 9153: 9152: 9142: 9140: 9131: 9130: 9126: 9116: 9114: 9105: 9104: 9100: 9090: 9088: 9074: 9070: 9060: 9058: 9046: 9042: 9032: 9030: 9020: 9016: 9006: 9004: 9000: 8999: 8995: 8985: 8983: 8978: 8977: 8973: 8963: 8961: 8956: 8955: 8951: 8938: 8937: 8933: 8923: 8921: 8916: 8915: 8911: 8901: 8899: 8889: 8885: 8875: 8873: 8872:on May 23, 2013 8864: 8863: 8859: 8849: 8847: 8838: 8837: 8833: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8805: 8803: 8793: 8789: 8779: 8777: 8765: 8761: 8751: 8749: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8710: 8709: 8705: 8697: 8693: 8683: 8681: 8674:Real Time Opera 8668: 8667: 8663: 8642: 8641: 8637: 8627: 8625: 8613: 8609: 8599: 8597: 8585: 8581: 8573: 8566: 8522: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8498: 8494: 8489: 8485: 8477: 8473: 8458: 8444: 8440: 8405: 8401: 8391: 8389: 8376: 8375: 8371: 8361: 8359: 8351: 8350: 8346: 8313: 8309: 8299: 8297: 8288: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8266: 8265: 8261: 8253: 8249: 8239: 8237: 8226: 8222: 8212: 8210: 8200: 8196: 8188: 8184: 8176: 8172: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8122: 8116: 8112: 8100: 8098: 8084: 8075: 8073: 8067: 8058: 8056: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8034: 8030: 8022: 8018: 8007: 8005: 8001: 7991: 7989: 7977:Johnson, George 7974: 7970: 7962: 7958: 7950: 7946: 7936: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7925: 7921: 7884: 7880: 7870: 7868: 7849: 7843: 7839: 7831: 7827: 7817: 7815: 7796: 7790: 7786: 7778: 7774: 7766: 7762: 7754: 7750: 7742: 7738: 7730: 7726: 7718: 7714: 7710:, pp. 318. 7706: 7702: 7657: 7653: 7646: 7632: 7628: 7575: 7571: 7522: 7518: 7469:Kleinert, Hagen 7466: 7462: 7413: 7409: 7401: 7397: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7359: 7355: 7340: 7313: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7289: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7265: 7261: 7253: 7249: 7241: 7234: 7226: 7222: 7191: 7187: 7179: 7172: 7163: 7162: 7158: 7148: 7146: 7133: 7129: 7119: 7117: 7107: 7103: 7090: 7089: 7085: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7050: 7046: 7038: 7031: 7021: 7019: 7011: 7010: 7006: 6998: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6974: 6970: 6960: 6958: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6936: 6932: 6924: 6920: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6874: 6870: 6862: 6858: 6850: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6812: 6808: 6798: 6796: 6789: 6773: 6769: 6761: 6757: 6749: 6745: 6737: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6713: 6709: 6701: 6694: 6686: 6682: 6674: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6644: 6640: 6632: 6628: 6620: 6616: 6608: 6599: 6591: 6587: 6571:10.2307/1990512 6547: 6543: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6466: 6458: 6454: 6446: 6442: 6434: 6430: 6422: 6418: 6389:Physical Review 6378: 6374: 6366: 6362: 6354: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6319: 6315: 6307: 6303: 6295: 6291: 6283: 6279: 6271: 6267: 6259: 6255: 6247: 6243: 6235: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6216:Letters of Note 6210: 6209: 6205: 6197: 6188: 6180: 6176: 6168: 6164: 6156: 6152: 6144: 6140: 6132: 6128: 6120: 6113: 6074: 6070: 6062: 6058: 6050: 6046: 6038: 6034: 6003: 6001: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5963: 5959: 5951: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5927: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5852: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5822:Restricted Data 5814: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5790: 5786: 5778: 5774: 5766: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5718: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5679: 5675: 5667: 5663: 5657:Wayback Machine 5647: 5645: 5643: 5636:Wayback Machine 5627: 5623: 5615: 5611: 5603: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5555: 5551: 5543: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5503: 5499: 5491: 5484: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5414: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5337: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5286:Physical Review 5278: 5274: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5211:Physical Review 5205: 5199: 5195: 5185: 5183: 5172: 5168: 5160: 5156: 5148: 5144: 5136: 5129: 5121: 5117: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5059: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5035: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4961: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4933: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4871:Popular Science 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4834: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4810: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4700: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4496:Six Easy Pieces 4476: 4442: 4419: 4402: 4350: 4323: 4315:& Company. 4303: 4288: 4271: 4265: 4250: 4244: 4227: 4221: 4200: 4194: 4175: 4169: 4148: 4142: 4125: 4119: 4111:. McGraw Hill. 4102: 4096: 4083: 4077: 4064: 4049: 4036: 3996: 3986: 3968:Laurie M. Brown 3965: 3959: 3930: 3915: 3876: 3870:Kleinert, Hagen 3867: 3852: 3847: 3794: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3716: 3711: 3666: 3649: 3618: 3613: 3604: 3602: 3575:Physical Review 3568: 3529: 3515:10.2172/4354998 3497:de Hoffmann, F. 3494: 3485: 3483: 3456:Physical Review 3449: 3440: 3438: 3411:Physical Review 3404: 3395: 3393: 3366:Physical Review 3359: 3331:Physical Review 3324: 3315: 3313: 3278:Physical Review 3271: 3238: 3230: 3221: 3219: 3192:Physical Review 3185: 3176: 3174: 3147:Physical Review 3140: 3131: 3129: 3093: 3079:10.2172/4417654 3066: 3051: 3037:10.2172/4381097 3020: 3006:10.2172/4341197 2985: 2976: 2974: 2935: 2929: 2914: 2911: 2906: 2896:site is named " 2851:Think Different 2758:Real Time Opera 2714: 2708: 2623: 2605:, received the 2581: 2503: 2483: 2462: 2443: 2258: 2250:microtechnology 2230: 2176:electromagnetic 2162:, for example, 2151:quantum gravity 2060:Feynman at the 2021:of supercooled 2015: 1999:Seamus Blackley 1993:Feynman diagram 1988:Dodge Tradesman 1980: 1926:Baja California 1885:Atoms for Peace 1868:J. Edgar Hoover 1855: 1852: 1821: 1816: 1760: 1752:Telluride House 1707:Physical Review 1652:magnetic moment 1548: 1416:nuclear reactor 1386:Stanley Frankel 1382:human computers 1266: 1207:Jayant Narlikar 1187:Albert Einstein 1175:Philip M. Morse 1131:Manuel Vallarta 1126:Physical Review 1070: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1018:half-derivative 1002:infinite series 963: 927: 896:New York accent 869: 739:of supercooled 692: 688: 660: 656:Stephen Wolfram 629: 569: 553: 515: 468: 437: 436: 433: 1960) 428: 424: 423:Gweneth Howarth 416: 413: 1958) 404: 400: 397: 389: 381: 377: 374: 358: 355: 152: 142: 101: 98: 94: 85: 82: 76: 74: 73: 72: 62: 59: 44: 43:Richard Feynman 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13316: 13306: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13238:Putnam Fellows 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13090: 13089: 13077: 13065: 13053: 13041: 13018: 13017: 13007: 13004: 13003: 13001: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12911:Chicago Pile-1 12908: 12906:Calutron Girls 12903: 12898: 12893: 12888: 12882: 12880: 12879:Related topics 12876: 12875: 12873: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12851: 12849: 12845: 12844: 12842: 12841: 12834: 12827: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12784: 12782: 12778: 12777: 12775: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12742:StanisƂaw Ulam 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12677:Edwin McMillan 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12622:Harry Daghlian 12619: 12614: 12612:John Cockcroft 12609: 12607:James Chadwick 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12573: 12571: 12567: 12566: 12564: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12531:Charles Thomas 12528: 12526:Frank Spedding 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12486:James Marshall 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12466:Thomas Farrell 12463: 12458: 12453: 12451:Arthur Compton 12448: 12442: 12440: 12439:Administrators 12436: 12435: 12433: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12367: 12362: 12356: 12354: 12350: 12349: 12344: 12341: 12340: 12333: 12332: 12325: 12318: 12310: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12227: 12221: 12215: 12212:François Jacob 12208: 12206: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12196: 12190: 12184: 12177: 12175: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12165: 12158: 12156: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12140:(Soviet Union) 12134: 12132: 12121: 12120: 12118: 12117: 12110: 12108: 12102: 12101: 12092: 12091: 12084: 12077: 12069: 12060: 12059: 12057: 12056: 12040: 12024: 12008: 11992: 11976: 11960: 11944: 11928: 11916: 11900: 11888: 11876: 11860: 11848: 11832: 11816: 11804: 11792: 11776: 11760: 11744: 11728: 11711: 11709: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11699: 11683: 11671: 11655: 11639: 11623: 11611: 11599: 11587: 11579: 11571: 11555: 11539: 11523: 11511: 11495: 11487: 11475: 11463: 11455: 11439: 11427: 11411: 11395: 11384:P. W. Anderson 11379: 11366: 11364: 11360: 11359: 11357: 11356: 11340: 11328: 11312: 11296: 11288: 11276: 11268: 11260: 11252: 11244: 11228: 11212: 11205:Goeppert Mayer 11196: 11188: 11176: 11168: 11156: 11140: 11128: 11112: 11100: 11088: 11080: 11068: 11055: 11053: 11049: 11048: 11046: 11045: 11037: 11029: 11021: 11013: 11005: 10997: 10989: 10981: 10974: 10967: 10960: 10952: 10944: 10932: 10929:C. D. Anderson 10920: 10912: 10905: 10893: 10885: 10878: 10870: 10862: 10854: 10842: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10826: 10824: 10823: 10811: 10803: 10795: 10787: 10779: 10771: 10763: 10755: 10747: 10740: 10728: 10720: 10712: 10704: 10696: 10688: 10676: 10668: 10660: 10652: 10644: 10636: 10620: 10608: 10599: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10581: 10580: 10573: 10566: 10558: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10545: 10535: 10524: 10514: 10509: 10502: 10495: 10490: 10484: 10482: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10474: 10465: 10455: 10453: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10434: 10423: 10412: 10401: 10390: 10379: 10368: 10357: 10346: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10249: 10247: 10243: 10242: 10235: 10234: 10227: 10220: 10212: 10206: 10205: 10199: 10190: 10184: 10178: 10172: 10166: 10160: 10154: 10142: 10141: 10122: 10121: 10114: 10113:External links 10111: 10110: 10109: 10099: 10091: 10084:Space Shuttle 10075:The Challenger 10071: 10053: 10042: 10031: 10014:Parnell, Peter 10011: 9997: 9994: 9993: 9992: 9978: 9966:Myrick, Leland 9962:Ottaviani, Jim 9958: 9948: 9928: 9922: 9902: 9895: 9882: 9876: 9861: 9846: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9804: 9779: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9758: 9757: 9743: 9728: 9714: 9694: 9680: 9665: 9651: 9638: 9624: 9612:Mehra, Jagdish 9608: 9594: 9572: 9558: 9534: 9520: 9507: 9493: 9475: 9461: 9453:Pantheon Books 9441: 9423:(3): 391–434. 9413:Galison, Peter 9409: 9395: 9375: 9345:Deutsch, David 9341: 9327: 9305: 9283: 9269: 9249: 9235: 9222: 9208: 9192:Bethe, Hans A. 9188: 9174: 9157: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9124: 9098: 9068: 9040: 9014: 8993: 8971: 8960:. May 11, 2005 8949: 8931: 8909: 8883: 8857: 8831: 8813: 8787: 8759: 8729: 8703: 8691: 8661: 8635: 8607: 8579: 8564: 8516: 8514:, p. 437. 8504: 8492: 8483: 8471: 8456: 8438: 8399: 8369: 8344: 8307: 8281: 8259: 8247: 8220: 8194: 8192:, p. 151. 8182: 8180:, p. 423. 8170: 8110: 8108: 8107: 8082: 8065: 8040: 8028: 8016: 7999: 7968: 7966:, p. 411. 7956: 7944: 7919: 7878: 7837: 7825: 7784: 7772: 7770:, p. 241. 7760: 7748: 7736: 7724: 7712: 7700: 7651: 7644: 7626: 7569: 7532:(17): 174518. 7516: 7486:hep-th/9812197 7460: 7438:10.1.1.45.9310 7407: 7395: 7383: 7376: 7353: 7338: 7307: 7305:, p. 170. 7295: 7293:, p. 189. 7283: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7232: 7220: 7185: 7170: 7156: 7127: 7101: 7083: 7071: 7044: 7029: 7004: 6992: 6980: 6968: 6942: 6930: 6918: 6916:, p. 168. 6906: 6880: 6868: 6856: 6844: 6818: 6806: 6787: 6767: 6755: 6753:, p. 331. 6743: 6741:, p. 120. 6731: 6719: 6717:, p. 296. 6707: 6705:, p. 278. 6692: 6690:, p. 333. 6680: 6678:, p. 191. 6665: 6638: 6626: 6624:, p. 287. 6614: 6612:, p. 277. 6597: 6595:, p. 276. 6585: 6541: 6476: 6464: 6452: 6440: 6428: 6416: 6395:(3): 486–502. 6372: 6360: 6348: 6336: 6313: 6301: 6289: 6277: 6275:, p. 217. 6265: 6263:, p. 232. 6253: 6241: 6229: 6203: 6186: 6174: 6172:, p. 225. 6162: 6160:, p. 205. 6150: 6148:, p. 316. 6138: 6126: 6111: 6084:(2): 130–149. 6068: 6066:, p. 101. 6056: 6054:, p. 134. 6044: 6032: 5988: 5957: 5945: 5933: 5931:, p. 184. 5918: 5906: 5894: 5882: 5870: 5868:, p. 257. 5858: 5846: 5844:, p. 122. 5834: 5808: 5796: 5784: 5782:, p. 181. 5772: 5760: 5748: 5736: 5734:, p. 183. 5724: 5709: 5697: 5685: 5673: 5661: 5621: 5609: 5597: 5585: 5573: 5561: 5549: 5532: 5497: 5482: 5437: 5407: 5395: 5380: 5355: 5343: 5331: 5272: 5260: 5193: 5166: 5154: 5142: 5127: 5115: 5103: 5081: 5079:, p. 374. 5069: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5002: 4990: 4955: 4943: 4931: 4902:(2): 125–127. 4883: 4854: 4828: 4816: 4812:Henderson 2011 4804: 4792: 4780: 4778:, p. 231. 4768: 4753: 4741: 4729: 4727:, p. 231. 4717: 4685: 4654: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4604: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4544: 4532: 4529: 4517: 4502: 4489: 4483: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4446: 4440: 4423: 4417: 4400: 4386: 4383:Modern Library 4368: 4354: 4348: 4335: 4321: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4286: 4269: 4263: 4248: 4242: 4225: 4219: 4198: 4192: 4173: 4167: 4159:W. A. Benjamin 4146: 4140: 4123: 4117: 4100: 4094: 4081: 4075: 4062: 4047: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3984: 3963: 3957: 3928: 3913: 3865: 3845: 3792: 3753: 3727:(6): 313–320. 3709: 3664: 3647: 3611: 3566: 3527: 3492: 3447: 3417:(1): 108–128. 3402: 3372:(3): 440–457. 3357: 3337:(6): 769–789. 3322: 3284:(6): 749–759. 3269: 3249:(3): 425–433. 3228: 3183: 3153:(8): 939–946. 3138: 3108:(2): 367–387. 3091: 3054:Metropolis, N. 3049: 3018: 2983: 2933: 2927: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2855:Sheldon Cooper 2847:Apple Computer 2808:, directed by 2787:The Challenger 2724:campus, Taiwan 2707: 2706:Popular legacy 2704: 2647:Frances Lewine 2639:duodenal ulcer 2622: 2619: 2580: 2577: 2554:Cape Canaveral 2542:Neil Armstrong 2530:Space Shuttle 2522:important role 2511:Space Shuttle 2502: 2496: 2466:Ralph Leighton 2461: 2456: 2442: 2439: 2343:clear thinking 2257: 2254: 2229: 2226: 2014: 2011: 1984:Long Beach, CA 1979: 1976: 1953:hallucinations 1931:Feynman tried 1860:Sputnik crisis 1850: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1764:Rio de Janeiro 1759: 1756: 1716:Dirac equation 1656:Robert Marshak 1630:suffered from 1547: 1544: 1300:for use in an 1276:In 1941, with 1265: 1262: 1203:Sir Fred Hoyle 1191:Wolfgang Pauli 1171:Henry D. Smyth 1148:John C. Slater 1123:papers in the 1101:feline anatomy 1080: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1049: 971:Burton Richter 962: 959: 926: 923: 900:Wolfgang Pauli 888:Russian Empire 876: Phillips 868: 865: 853:Ralph Leighton 807:. He held the 805:nanotechnology 793:Space Shuttle 680: 679: 671: 670: 666: 665: 662: 661: 659: 658: 653: 648: 643: 637: 635: 631: 630: 628: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 591: 589: 585: 584: 579: 573: 572: 561: 555: 554: 552: 551: 546: 540: 538: 534: 533: 528: 524: 523: 517: 516: 514: 513: 507: 501: 495: 489: 483: 476: 474: 470: 469: 467: 466: 460: 453: 451: 447: 446: 443: 439: 438: 426: 422: 421: 420: 419: 402: 398: 395: 394: 393: 392: 379: 375: 372: 371: 370: 369: 366: 364: 360: 359: 357: 356: 354: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 244:Nanotechnology 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 155: 151: 150: 148: 147:Known for 144: 143: 141: 140: 130: 119: 117: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 99: 97:(aged 69) 91: 87: 86: 83: 70: 68: 64: 63: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13315: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13098: 13088: 13078: 13076: 13075:United States 13066: 13064: 13054: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13040: 13030: 13029: 13026: 13015: 13005: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12943: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12926:Franck Report 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12883: 12881: 12877: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12852: 12850: 12846: 12840: 12839: 12835: 12833: 12832: 12828: 12826: 12825: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12788:Alsos Mission 12786: 12785: 12783: 12779: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12762:Robert Wilson 12760: 12758: 12757:Eugene Wigner 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12737:Edward Teller 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12712:Glenn Seaborg 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12682:Mark Oliphant 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12672:Willard Libby 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12582:Robert Bacher 12580: 12578: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12568: 12562: 12561:Roscoe Wilson 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12476:John Lansdale 12474: 12472: 12471:Leslie Groves 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12446:Vannevar Bush 12444: 12443: 12441: 12437: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12375: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12357: 12355: 12351: 12347: 12342: 12338: 12331: 12326: 12324: 12319: 12317: 12312: 12311: 12308: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12240: 12236: 12235: 12232: 12225: 12224:Jacques Monod 12222: 12219: 12216: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12207: 12205: 12201: 12194: 12191: 12188: 12185: 12182: 12179: 12178: 12176: 12174: 12170: 12163: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12150: 12146: 12139: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12126: 12122: 12115: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12103: 12098: 12090: 12085: 12083: 12078: 12076: 12071: 12070: 12067: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12041: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12025: 12022: 12018: 12014: 12009: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11993: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11977: 11974: 11970: 11966: 11961: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11945: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11929: 11926: 11922: 11917: 11914: 11910: 11906: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11889: 11886: 11882: 11877: 11874: 11870: 11866: 11861: 11858: 11854: 11849: 11846: 11842: 11838: 11833: 11830: 11826: 11822: 11817: 11814: 11810: 11805: 11802: 11798: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11777: 11774: 11770: 11766: 11761: 11758: 11754: 11750: 11745: 11742: 11738: 11734: 11729: 11726: 11722: 11718: 11713: 11712: 11710: 11704: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11684: 11681: 11677: 11672: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11656: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11640: 11637: 11636:R. Richardson 11633: 11629: 11624: 11621: 11617: 11612: 11609: 11605: 11600: 11597: 11593: 11588: 11585: 11580: 11577: 11572: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11556: 11553: 11549: 11545: 11540: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11524: 11521: 11517: 11512: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11496: 11493: 11488: 11485: 11481: 11476: 11473: 11469: 11468:Chandrasekhar 11464: 11461: 11456: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11440: 11437: 11433: 11428: 11425: 11421: 11417: 11412: 11409: 11405: 11401: 11396: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11380: 11377: 11373: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11361: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11341: 11338: 11334: 11329: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11313: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11297: 11294: 11289: 11286: 11282: 11277: 11274: 11269: 11266: 11261: 11258: 11253: 11250: 11245: 11242: 11238: 11234: 11229: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11213: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11197: 11194: 11189: 11186: 11182: 11177: 11174: 11169: 11166: 11162: 11157: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11141: 11138: 11134: 11129: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11113: 11110: 11106: 11101: 11098: 11094: 11089: 11086: 11081: 11078: 11074: 11069: 11066: 11062: 11057: 11056: 11054: 11050: 11043: 11038: 11035: 11030: 11027: 11022: 11019: 11014: 11011: 11006: 11003: 10998: 10995: 10990: 10987: 10982: 10975: 10968: 10961: 10958: 10953: 10950: 10945: 10942: 10941:G. P. Thomson 10938: 10933: 10930: 10926: 10921: 10918: 10913: 10906: 10903: 10899: 10894: 10891: 10886: 10879: 10876: 10871: 10868: 10863: 10860: 10859:O. Richardson 10855: 10852: 10848: 10843: 10840: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10828: 10821: 10817: 10812: 10809: 10804: 10801: 10796: 10793: 10788: 10785: 10780: 10777: 10772: 10769: 10764: 10761: 10756: 10753: 10748: 10741: 10738: 10734: 10729: 10726: 10721: 10718: 10713: 10710: 10705: 10702: 10697: 10694: 10693:Van der Waals 10689: 10686: 10682: 10677: 10674: 10669: 10666: 10661: 10658: 10657:J. J. Thomson 10653: 10650: 10645: 10642: 10637: 10634: 10630: 10626: 10621: 10618: 10614: 10609: 10606: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10579: 10574: 10572: 10567: 10565: 10560: 10559: 10556: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10534: 10529: 10525: 10523: 10519: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10507: 10506:Tuva or Bust! 10503: 10501: 10500: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10485: 10483: 10479: 10469: 10466: 10460: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10450: 10440: 10439: 10435: 10429: 10428: 10424: 10418: 10417: 10413: 10407: 10406: 10402: 10396: 10395: 10391: 10385: 10384: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10369: 10363: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10347: 10341: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10330: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10233: 10228: 10226: 10221: 10219: 10214: 10213: 10210: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10194: 10191: 10188: 10185: 10182: 10179: 10177:– Session III 10176: 10173: 10170: 10167: 10164: 10161: 10158: 10155: 10151: 10146: 10145: 10140: 10136: 10135:, May 9, 2005 10134: 10123: 10118: 10107: 10106:Michael Raver 10103: 10100: 10097: 10096: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10081: 10077: 10076: 10072: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10054: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10020: 10015: 10012: 10009: 10005: 10004: 10000: 9999: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9975: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9959: 9957: 9951: 9949:0-446-69251-4 9945: 9940: 9939: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9923:0-7382-0173-1 9919: 9914: 9913: 9907: 9903: 9898: 9892: 9888: 9883: 9879: 9877:0-393-32069-3 9873: 9869: 9868: 9862: 9859: 9858:0-06-011108-9 9855: 9851: 9847: 9844: 9843:Freeman Dyson 9840: 9836: 9835:Daniel Hillis 9832: 9828: 9827:0-88318-870-8 9824: 9820: 9816: 9812: 9811: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9780: 9777: 9773: 9772:Physics Today 9770: 9769: 9754: 9750: 9746: 9744:0-393-03621-9 9740: 9736: 9735: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9715:0-691-03327-7 9711: 9706: 9705: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9681:0-201-40635-7 9677: 9673: 9672: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9648: 9644: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9625:0-19-853948-7 9621: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9559:0-521-44132-3 9555: 9550: 9549: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9517: 9513: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9494:0-525-94124-X 9490: 9486: 9485: 9480: 9479:Gribbin, John 9476: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9462:0-679-40836-3 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9445:Gleick, James 9442: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9351: 9350:Physics World 9346: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9315: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9292:New Scientist 9288: 9287:Chown, Marcus 9284: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9232: 9228: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9209:0-671-74012-1 9205: 9200: 9199: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9175:0-262-02225-7 9171: 9167: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9138: 9134: 9128: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9072: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9044: 9029: 9025: 9018: 9003: 8997: 8981: 8975: 8959: 8953: 8945: 8941: 8935: 8919: 8913: 8898: 8894: 8887: 8871: 8867: 8861: 8845: 8841: 8835: 8827: 8823: 8817: 8802: 8798: 8791: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8763: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8733: 8717: 8713: 8707: 8700: 8695: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8665: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8647: 8639: 8624: 8623: 8618: 8611: 8596: 8595: 8590: 8583: 8576: 8571: 8569: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8530:Physics Today 8527: 8520: 8513: 8508: 8501: 8496: 8487: 8481:, p. 13. 8480: 8475: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8421:Virginia Tech 8418: 8414: 8410: 8403: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8358: 8354: 8348: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8319: 8311: 8295: 8291: 8285: 8269: 8263: 8256: 8251: 8240:September 11, 8235: 8231: 8224: 8209: 8205: 8198: 8191: 8190:Feynman 1988a 8186: 8179: 8174: 8167: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8127:Physics Today 8121: 8114: 8101:September 26, 8096: 8092: 8088: 8083: 8071: 8066: 8054: 8049: 8048: 8044: 8037: 8032: 8025: 8020: 8014: 8010: 8003: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7979:(July 2000). 7978: 7972: 7965: 7960: 7953: 7948: 7929: 7923: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7889: 7888:Physics Today 7882: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7848: 7841: 7834: 7829: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7795: 7788: 7781: 7776: 7769: 7764: 7757: 7752: 7745: 7740: 7733: 7728: 7721: 7716: 7709: 7704: 7696: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7665:Physics Today 7662: 7655: 7647: 7645:9781108424820 7641: 7637: 7630: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7573: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7520: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7479:(8): 085001. 7478: 7474: 7470: 7464: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7399: 7392: 7387: 7379: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7357: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7335: 7332:. p. 7. 7331: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7304: 7299: 7292: 7287: 7280: 7275: 7268: 7263: 7256: 7251: 7244: 7239: 7237: 7229: 7224: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7195:Physics Today 7189: 7182: 7177: 7175: 7166: 7160: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7131: 7116: 7112: 7105: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7081:, p. 74. 7080: 7079:Feynman 1988a 7075: 7059: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7036: 7034: 7018: 7014: 7008: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6984: 6977: 6972: 6956: 6952: 6946: 6939: 6934: 6927: 6922: 6915: 6910: 6894: 6887: 6885: 6877: 6872: 6865: 6860: 6853: 6848: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6815: 6810: 6794: 6790: 6788:9781317747680 6784: 6780: 6779: 6771: 6764: 6759: 6752: 6747: 6740: 6735: 6729:, p. 98. 6728: 6723: 6716: 6711: 6704: 6699: 6697: 6689: 6684: 6677: 6672: 6670: 6653: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6630: 6623: 6618: 6611: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6594: 6589: 6581: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6496:(3): 036001. 6495: 6491: 6487: 6480: 6473: 6468: 6461: 6456: 6449: 6444: 6437: 6432: 6425: 6420: 6411: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6352: 6345: 6340: 6324: 6317: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6293: 6286: 6281: 6274: 6269: 6262: 6257: 6250: 6245: 6238: 6233: 6217: 6213: 6207: 6200: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6183: 6178: 6171: 6166: 6159: 6154: 6147: 6142: 6135: 6130: 6123: 6118: 6116: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6060: 6053: 6048: 6041: 6036: 6029: 6027: 6019: 5999: 5992: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5949: 5943:, p. 96. 5942: 5937: 5930: 5925: 5923: 5916:, p. 99. 5915: 5910: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5886: 5879: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5764: 5758:, p. 78. 5757: 5752: 5746:, p. 14. 5745: 5740: 5733: 5728: 5721: 5716: 5714: 5706: 5701: 5694: 5689: 5683:, p. 59. 5682: 5677: 5670: 5665: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5630: 5625: 5618: 5613: 5606: 5601: 5594: 5589: 5582: 5577: 5570: 5565: 5558: 5553: 5546: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5517: 5510: 5509: 5501: 5494: 5489: 5487: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5441: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5411: 5404: 5399: 5393:, p. 84. 5392: 5387: 5385: 5365: 5359: 5353:, p. 56. 5352: 5347: 5340: 5335: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5270:, p. 82. 5269: 5264: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5212: 5204: 5197: 5181: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5158: 5152:, p. 72. 5151: 5146: 5140:, p. 41. 5139: 5134: 5132: 5125:, p. 15. 5124: 5119: 5113:, p. 24. 5112: 5107: 5091: 5085: 5078: 5077:Schweber 1994 5073: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5039:, p. 30. 5038: 5033: 5017: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4994: 4978: 4974: 4973: 4967: 4959: 4952: 4947: 4941:, p. 25. 4940: 4939:Feynman 1988a 4935: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4887: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4847:September 13, 4843: 4839: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4813: 4808: 4802:, p. 20. 4801: 4796: 4790:, p. 18. 4789: 4784: 4777: 4776:Friedman 2004 4772: 4766:, p. 54. 4765: 4760: 4758: 4751:, p. 58. 4750: 4745: 4739:, p. 34. 4738: 4733: 4726: 4721: 4705: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4628: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4592: 4590:(video, 1988) 4589: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4571:(video, 1984) 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4518: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4457:0-393-06132-9 4454: 4450: 4447: 4443: 4441:0-7382-0108-1 4437: 4432: 4431: 4424: 4420: 4418:0-7382-0166-9 4414: 4409: 4408: 4401: 4398: 4397:0-201-15026-3 4394: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4379:0-201-40955-0 4376: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4365:0-393-31393-X 4362: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4349:0-393-02659-0 4345: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4322:0-393-01921-7 4318: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4304: 4301:Popular works 4294: 4289: 4287:0-7382-0296-7 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4266: 4264:0-09-973621-7 4260: 4256: 4255: 4249: 4245: 4243:0-201-62734-5 4239: 4234: 4233: 4226: 4222: 4220:0-521-34000-4 4216: 4212: 4207: 4206: 4199: 4195: 4193:0-691-02417-0 4189: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4174: 4170: 4168:0-8053-2509-3 4164: 4160: 4155: 4154: 4147: 4143: 4141:0-262-56003-8 4137: 4134:. MIT Press. 4132: 4131: 4124: 4120: 4118:0-07-020650-3 4114: 4109: 4108: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4076:0-8053-2507-7 4072: 4068: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4048:0-8053-9045-6 4044: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3987: 3981: 3976: 3975: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3958:9971-50-500-2 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3754: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3612: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3023:Welton, T. A. 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2984: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2901: 2899: 2898:Route Feynman 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2839:Victor Stabin 2836: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2812:and based on 2811: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2778:Leland Myrick 2775: 2774:Jim Ottaviani 2772:, written by 2771: 2767: 2766:graphic novel 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2699: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2676:Tuva or Bust! 2671: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607:Oersted Medal 2604: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2585:Lewis Strauss 2576: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2557: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2533: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2507: 2500: 2495: 2492: 2487: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2455: 2454:admired her. 2452: 2448: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2431:pseudoscience 2428: 2427: 2421: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331:rote learning 2327: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2287:Matthew Sands 2283: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2246:reproductions 2243: 2239: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2128: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2023:liquid helium 2020: 2019:superfluidity 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1949:consciousness 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910:Matthew Sands 1907: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1814:Caltech years 1811: 1808: 1803: 1802: 1792: 1788: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1755: 1753: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1699:Freeman Dyson 1695: 1693: 1692:Edward Teller 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1634:integrals in 1633: 1629: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1583:4-F exemption 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564:Robert Bacher 1561: 1556: 1553: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501:safe-cracking 1498: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1397:punched cards 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1378:Robert Serber 1375: 1371: 1366: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1270: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1254:Staten Island 1251: 1247: 1240: 1238: 1231: 1229: 1226:behaved like 1225: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1163:Putnam Fellow 1160: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1120:Pi Lambda Phi 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1078: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1047: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 958: 955: 951: 946: 944: 943:chosen people 940: 936: 932: 922: 920: 916: 911: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 875: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 849: 848:Tuva or Bust! 844: 843: 838: 837: 832: 831: 826: 825: 819: 817: 813: 812:professorship 810: 806: 802: 798: 796: 790: 786: 781: 779: 778: 777:Physics World 773: 769: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 741:liquid helium 738: 737:superfluidity 734: 730: 726: 722: 716: 686: 677: 672: 667: 663: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 638: 636: 632: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 605:Michael Cohen 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 590: 586: 583: 580: 578: 574: 567: 566: 562: 560: 556: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 539: 535: 532: 529: 525: 522: 518: 511: 508: 505: 504:Oersted Medal 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 477: 475: 471: 464: 461: 458: 455: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 418: 417: 391: 390: 368: 367: 365: 361: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 331: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 199:Feynman point 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 184:Feynman gauge 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 154: 153: 149: 145: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 121: 120: 118: 114: 111: 108: 106:Resting place 104: 92: 88: 69: 65: 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 12998:Y-12 Project 12983:Smyth Report 12978:S-50 Project 12940: 12936:K-25 Project 12865:Pumpkin bomb 12836: 12829: 12822: 12752:John Wheeler 12722:Louis Slotin 12717:Emilio SegrĂš 12667:George Koval 12647:James Franck 12636: 12632:Enrico Fermi 12577:Luis Alvarez 12536:Paul Tibbets 12511:Deak Parsons 12269: 12192: 11492:von Klitzing 11484:Van der Meer 11240: 10538: 10527: 10517: 10504: 10497: 10459:Joan Feynman 10436: 10425: 10414: 10403: 10392: 10381: 10370: 10359: 10348: 10293:Parton model 10238: 10183:– Session IV 10171:– Session II 10132: 10101: 10094: 10085: 10080:William Hurt 10073: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10049: 10045: 10039:Oberon Books 10034: 10017: 10001: 9969: 9955: 9937: 9911: 9886: 9866: 9849: 9818: 9791: 9787: 9771: 9733: 9703: 9670: 9642: 9615: 9580: 9547: 9511: 9483: 9448: 9420: 9416: 9386: 9357:(6): 57–61. 9354: 9348: 9313: 9309:Close, Frank 9290: 9260: 9226: 9197: 9164: 9141:. 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Retrieved 8091:The Atlantic 8090: 8074:. Retrieved 8057:. Retrieved 8043: 8031: 8024:Feynman 1985 8019: 8002: 7990:. Retrieved 7986:The Atlantic 7984: 7971: 7959: 7947: 7935:. Retrieved 7922: 7887: 7881: 7869:. Retrieved 7857: 7853: 7840: 7833:Feynman 1999 7828: 7816:. Retrieved 7804: 7800: 7787: 7780:Feynman 1985 7775: 7763: 7751: 7744:Feynman 1985 7739: 7727: 7715: 7708:Feynman 1985 7703: 7671:(4): 49–55. 7668: 7664: 7654: 7635: 7629: 7586: 7582: 7572: 7529: 7525: 7519: 7476: 7472: 7463: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7398: 7391:Deutsch 1992 7386: 7366: 7356: 7324: 7310: 7298: 7286: 7274: 7262: 7250: 7223: 7198: 7194: 7188: 7159: 7147:. Retrieved 7144:Freakonomics 7143: 7130: 7118:. Retrieved 7114: 7104: 7096:the original 7086: 7074: 7062:. Retrieved 7056:. The Tech. 7047: 7020:. Retrieved 7016: 7007: 7000:Feynman 1985 6995: 6988:Feynman 1985 6983: 6971: 6959:. Retrieved 6945: 6933: 6921: 6909: 6897:. Retrieved 6871: 6864:Feynman 1985 6859: 6847: 6835:. 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Norton 4308: 4291: 4277: 4253: 4231: 4204: 4178: 4152: 4129: 4106: 4085: 4066: 4054: 4038: 4025: 4013: 4012: 4006: 4002: 3973: 3936: 3918: 3884: 3880: 3860: 3856: 3800: 3796: 3763: 3757: 3744:. Retrieved 3724: 3720: 3678: 3672: 3659: 3655: 3626: 3622: 3603:. Retrieved 3599:the original 3581:(1): 13–24. 3578: 3574: 3537: 3531: 3505: 3484:. Retrieved 3480:the original 3459: 3455: 3439:. Retrieved 3435:the original 3414: 3410: 3394:. Retrieved 3390:the original 3369: 3365: 3334: 3330: 3314:. Retrieved 3310:the original 3281: 3277: 3246: 3242: 3220:. Retrieved 3216:the original 3195: 3191: 3175:. Retrieved 3171:the original 3150: 3146: 3130:. Retrieved 3126:the original 3105: 3099: 3062: 3027: 2988: 2975:. Retrieved 2971:the original 2950: 2944: 2917: 2904:Bibliography 2879: 2872:Project Tuva 2858: 2824: 2813: 2803: 2796:William Hurt 2791: 2785: 2769: 2761: 2743: 2733: 2727: 2681: 2674: 2663: 2659: 2654:Danny Hillis 2651: 2624: 2582: 2560: 2558: 2546: 2531: 2519: 2512: 2498: 2490: 2488: 2480: 2473: 2463: 2458: 2444: 2436: 2424: 2422: 2415: 2384: 2379: 2355: 2346: 2342: 2335:memorization 2328: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2298: 2296: 2284: 2270: 2267: 2241: 2231: 2214: 2203: 2188: 2184:strong force 2168:electro-weak 2148: 2129: 2112:parton model 2109: 2101:Enrico Fermi 2087:). Although 2085:antineutrino 2074: 2071: 2043:John Bardeen 2016: 2006: 1991: 1982:In 1975, in 1981: 1968: 1962:Feynman had 1961: 1930: 1896: 1878: 1873: 1857: 1847: 1834:Boise, Idaho 1822: 1799: 1797: 1761: 1758:1949, Brazil 1748: 1724: 1706: 1696: 1671:renormalized 1667:Hans Kramers 1664: 1662:hypothesis. 1625: 1600:relativistic 1576: 1557: 1549: 1529: 1505:Soviet Union 1493: 1482: 1475: 1463: 1420: 1409: 1374:fission bomb 1367: 1338: 1288:. After the 1286:Pennsylvania 1278:World War II 1275: 1246:tuberculosis 1242: 1233: 1180: 1156: 1145: 1136: 1124: 1105: 1010:differential 994:trigonometry 991: 983:James Gleick 964: 947: 939:Tina Levitan 928: 912: 908: 870: 861:James Gleick 856: 846: 840: 834: 828: 822: 820: 794: 782: 775: 765: 749:parton model 684: 683: 641:Robert Barro 625:George Zweig 615:Albert Hibbs 563: 537:Institutions 520: 457:Joan Feynman 328: 314:Shaft passer 95:(1988-02-15) 81:May 11, 1918 36: 13113:1988 deaths 13108:1918 births 12813:Silverplate 12767:Leona Woods 12732:Leo Szilard 12707:Bruno Rossi 12652:Klaus Fuchs 12556:Ed Westcott 12546:Harold Urey 12097:Nobel Prize 11536:Steinberger 11452:K. Siegbahn 11444:Bloembergen 11165:Chamberlain 10898:Schrödinger 10808:M. Siegbahn 10737:W. H. Bragg 10733:W. L. Bragg 10542:(2013 film) 10532:(2001 play) 10521:(1996 film) 10189:– Session V 10165:– Session I 10060:BBC Horizon 10046:BBC Horizon 10035:Clever Dick 9091:January 29, 9077:Gates, Bill 8918:"Philately" 8876:December 1, 8850:December 1, 8826:Vanity Fair 8801:OpenCulture 8684:January 30, 8512:Gleick 1992 8255:Gleick 1992 8178:Gleick 1992 8036:Gleick 1992 7964:Gleick 1992 7952:Gleick 1992 7732:Gleick 1992 7720:Gleick 1992 7403:Hillis 1989 7243:Gleick 1992 7228:Gleick 1992 7181:Gleick 1992 7149:February 9, 7040:Gleick 1992 6976:Gleick 1992 6926:Gleick 1992 6914:Krauss 2011 6876:Gleick 1992 6763:Gleick 1992 6715:Gleick 1992 6703:Gleick 1992 6622:Gleick 1992 6610:Gleick 1992 6593:Gleick 1992 6564:(1): 1–13. 6472:Gleick 1992 6424:Gleick 1992 6368:Gleick 1992 6356:Gleick 1992 6261:Gleick 1992 6237:Gleick 1992 6170:Gleick 1992 6158:Gleick 1992 6040:Gleick 1992 6028:on 5/25/49. 6026:Q clearance 5953:Gleick 1992 5929:Gleick 1992 5890:Gleick 1992 5866:Gleick 1992 5780:Gleick 1992 5756:Hillis 1989 5705:Gleick 1992 5693:Gleick 1992 5669:Gleick 1992 5569:Gleick 1992 5493:Gleick 1992 5391:Gleick 1992 5268:Gleick 1992 5123:Gleick 1992 5037:Gleick 1992 4824:Gleick 1992 4595:BBC Horizon 4551:BBC Horizon 4059:Rochus Vogt 3662:(5): 22–36. 2805:Oppenheimer 2800:Oscar Isaac 2790:(US title: 2627:liposarcoma 2403:intelligent 2174:of nature: 2120:quark model 1964:synesthesia 1889:Lake Geneva 1596:quaternions 1536:ultraviolet 1513:Q clearance 1497:Klaus Fuchs 1314:uranium-238 1310:uranium-235 1302:atomic bomb 1185:, included 1008:, and both 892:late talker 304:Resummation 60: 1965 13097:Categories 12916:Demon core 12860:Little Boy 12781:Operations 12597:Niels Bohr 12587:Hans Bethe 12570:Scientists 12516:Boris Pash 12395:Los Alamos 12125:Literature 12053:L'Huillier 12017:Hasselmann 11973:Strickland 11941:Kosterlitz 11865:Perlmutter 11604:Brockhouse 11309:Schrieffer 11181:Hofstadter 11133:C. N. Yang 10890:Heisenberg 10867:De Broglie 10086:Challenger 9831:Hans Bethe 9690:1014736570 9487:. Dutton. 8982:. fnal.gov 8500:Mehra 1994 8457:0738206369 8325:: 97–128. 7897:1801.04574 7768:Bethe 1991 7756:Mehra 1994 7279:Mehra 1994 7267:Mehra 1994 7255:Mehra 1994 7064:October 9, 6751:Mehra 1994 6688:Mehra 1994 6503:1712.06060 6460:Mehra 1994 6448:Mehra 1994 6436:Mehra 1994 6344:Mehra 1994 6309:Mehra 1994 6297:Mehra 1994 6285:Mehra 1994 6273:Mehra 1994 6249:Mehra 1994 6199:Mehra 1994 6122:Mehra 1994 5545:Mehra 1994 5339:Mehra 1994 5138:Mehra 1994 4951:Brian 2001 4764:Sykes 1994 4749:Close 2011 4737:Chown 1985 4725:Oakes 2007 4623:References 4030:Kip Thorne 3501:Serber, R. 3058:Teller, E. 2868:Bill Gates 2820:Jack Quaid 2710:See also: 2692:last words 2532:Challenger 2513:Challenger 2499:Challenger 2470:audio tape 2395:scientists 2362:California 2315:, and the 2199:Tom Newman 2180:weak force 2099:theory of 2097:beta decay 2081:weak decay 2039:BCS theory 2031:Lev Landau 1941:John Lilly 1838:Republican 1807:frigideira 1776:David Bohm 1688:Paul Dirac 1648:Lamb shift 1611:, and the 1540:afterimage 1470:Niels Bohr 1401:logarithms 1358:sanatorium 1353:New Mexico 1237:Lev Landau 1139:Heisenberg 1038:derivative 904:Hans Bethe 867:Early life 795:Challenger 229:V−A theory 77:1918-05-11 13087:Biography 12958:Plutonium 12824:Enola Gay 12642:Val Fitch 12592:Aage Bohr 12541:Bud Uanna 12410:Oak Ridge 12106:Chemistry 12099:laureates 12037:Zeilinger 11857:Novoselov 11825:Kobayashi 11749:Abrikosov 11596:J. Taylor 11576:de Gennes 11568:R. Taylor 11460:K. Wilson 11408:R. Wilson 11392:Van Vleck 11363:1976–2000 11353:Rainwater 11349:Mottelson 11325:Josephson 11273:Gell-Mann 11237:Schwinger 11225:Prokhorov 11185:Mössbauer 11145:Cherenkov 11137:T. D. Lee 11061:Cockcroft 11052:1951–1975 10851:C. Wilson 10830:1926–1950 10776:Guillaume 10665:Michelson 10625:Becquerel 10596:1901–1925 10585:Laureates 10488:Namesakes 9988:664838951 9800:0013-7812 9753:924553844 9724:918243948 9661:466364697 9604:601108916 9530:751114185 9503:636838499 9471:243743850 9405:835230762 9371:0953-8585 9337:840427493 9301:0262-4079 9245:751292707 8752:March 19, 8722:March 18, 8558:0031-9228 8160:April 26, 8055:. Quartzy 7933:. 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