Siege of Petersburg

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and 350 Confederate soldiers. Ledlie's untrained division was not prepared for the explosion and reports indicate they waited ten minutes before leaving their own entrenchments. Instead of moving around the crater as Ferrero's troops had been trained to do, they moved down into the crater itself. Since this was not the planned movement, there were no ladders provided for the men to use in exiting the crater. Mahone assembled a counterattacking force. By about an hour later, they had formed up around the crater and began firing rifles and artillery down into it, in what Mahone later described as a "turkey shoot". The plan had failed but Burnside, instead of cutting his losses, sent in Ferrero's men. Now faced with considerable flanking fire, they also went down into the crater and for the next few hours, Mahone's soldiers, reinforced by Johnson and artillery, slaughtered the men of the IX Corps as they attempted to escape from the crater. Some Union troops eventually advanced and flanked to the right beyond the crater to the earthworks and assaulted the Confederate lines, driving the Confederates back for several hours in hand-to-hand combat. Mahone's Confederates conducted a sweep out of a sunken gully area about 200 yards (180 m) from the right side of the Union advance. This charge reclaimed the earthworks and drove the Union force back towards the east.

2313:'s division assaulted the Union position at about 2 p.m. on August 25. Despite launching two attacks, Wilcox was driven back by Miles's division, which was manning the northern part of the earthworks. To the south, Gibbon's division was blocking the advance of Hampton's cavalry, which had swept around the Union line. Confederate reinforcements from Heth's and Mahone's divisions arrived while the Confederate artillery softened up the Union position. The final attack began around 5:30 p.m. against Miles's position and it broke through the northwest corner of the Union fortifications. Hancock desperately galloped from one threatened point to the next, attempting to rally his men. As he witnessed the men of his once proud corps reluctant to retake their positions from the enemy, he remarked to a colonel, "I do not care to die, but I pray God I may never leave this field." By this time, Hampton's cavalry was making progress against Gibbon's infantry to the south, launching a surprise dismounted attack that caused many of Gibbon's men to flee or surrender. This allowed Hampton to flank Miles. Hancock ordered a counterattack, which provided time to allow for an orderly Union withdrawal to Petersburg after dark. 2856: 2698: 2643: 2802: 2757: 2748: 2739: 2670: 2793: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2655: 2252:, Rooney Lee's Confederate cavalry division and three infantry brigades from Mahone's division. In the late afternoon of August 19, Mahone launched a flanking attack that found a weak spot in Crawford's line, causing hundreds of Crawford's men to flee in panic. Heth launched a frontal assault against the center and left, which was easily repulsed by Ayres's division. The XI Corps counterattacked and fighting ended at dusk. On the night of August 20–21, Warren pulled his troops back two miles (3 km) to a new line of fortifications, which were connected with the main Union lines on the Jerusalem Plank Road. The Confederates attacked at 9 a.m. on August 21, with Mahone striking the Federal left and Heth the center. Both attacks were unsuccessful against the strong entrenchments and resulted in heavy losses. By 10:30 a.m., the Confederates withdrew. 2811: 2832: 2052:

divisions, made up of white troops, would then move in, supporting Ferrero's flanks and race for Petersburg itself. However, the day before the attack, Meade, who lacked confidence in the operation, ordered Burnside not to use the black troops in the lead assault, claiming that if the attack failed black soldiers would be killed needlessly, creating political repercussions in the North. Burnside protested to Grant, who sided with Meade. When volunteers were not forthcoming, Burnside selected a replacement white division by having the three commanders draw lots. Ledlie's 1st Division was selected, but he failed to brief the men on what was expected of them. During the battle, Ledlie was reportedly drunk well behind the lines and providing no leadership. He was later dismissed for his actions during the battle.

2343:, a supply depot at Coggins Point on the James River, he found "3,000 beeves , attended by 120 men and 30 citizens, without arms." Just two days earlier, Robert E. Lee had suggested to Hampton that Grant's rear area was "open to attack." On September 14, while Grant was in the Shenandoah Valley conferring with Sheridan, Hampton led about 4,000 men in four brigades southwest from Petersburg along the Boydton Plank Road and followed a looping course through Dinwiddie Court House, Stony Creek Station, and by early morning on September 15 had crossed Blackwater Swamp at Cook's Bridge. At 12 a.m. on September 16, Hampton launched an attack in three columns: Rooney Lee's division on the left against the Union troops camped at Prince George Court House, the brigade of Brig. Gen. 1807:

began to entrench rather than advance. Mahone observed that the gap between the two Union corps was widening, creating a prime target. Mahone had been a railroad engineer before the war and had personally surveyed this area south of Petersburg, so he was familiar with a ravine that could be used to hide the approach of a Confederate attack column. At 3 p.m., Mahone's men emerged in the rear Barlow's division (II Corps), catching them by surprise, and the division quickly collapsed. Gibbon's division, which had erected earthworks, was also surprised by an attack from the rear and many of the regiments ran for safety. The II Corps troops rallied around earthworks that they had constructed on the night of June 21 and stabilized their lines. Darkness ended the fighting.

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in the defensive line. Hancock, in temporary command of the Army of the Potomac until Meade arrived, prepared Smith's XVIII corps on the right, his own II Corps in the center, and Burnside's IX Corps on the left. Hancock's assault began around 5:30 p.m. as all three corps moved slowly forward. Beauregard's men fought fiercely, erecting new breastworks to the rear as breakthroughs occurred. Upon the arrival of Meade, a second attack was ordered and led his division forward. Although Barlow's men managed to capture their objectives, a counterattack drove them back, taking numerous Union prisoners. The survivors dug in close to the enemy works.

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who had joined the Union cavalrymen during the raid were abandoned during the retreat. The raiders reentered Federal lines around 2 p.m. on July 1. They had destroyed 60 miles (97 km) of track, which took the Confederates several weeks to repair, but it came at the cost of 1,445 Union casualties, or about a quarter of their force. Wilson lost 33 killed, 108 wounded, and 674 captured or missing. Kautz lost 48 killed, 153 wounded, and 429 captured or missing. Although Wilson counted the raid as a strategic success, Grant reluctantly described the expedition as a "disaster."

1234: 257: 1979:, Grant wanted Lee to dilute his forces in the Petersburg trenches by attracting them elsewhere. He ordered Hancock's II Corps and two divisions of Sheridan's Cavalry Corps to cross the river to Deep Bottom by pontoon bridge and advance against the Confederate capital. His plan called for Hancock to pin down the Confederates at Chaffin's Bluff and prevent reinforcements from opposing Sheridan's cavalry, which would attack Richmond if practicable. If not—a circumstance Grant considered more likely—Sheridan was ordered to ride around the city to the north and west and cut the 726:(May 8–21), Grant failed to destroy Lee's army but, unlike his predecessors, did not retreat after the battles; he repeatedly moved his army leftward to the southeast in a campaign that kept Lee on the defensive and moved ever closer to Richmond. Grant spent the remainder of May maneuvering and fighting minor battles with the Confederate army as he attempted to turn Lee's flank and lure him into the open. Grant knew that his larger army and base of manpower in the North could sustain a war of attrition better than Lee and the Confederacy could. This theory was tested at the 751:

continue defending Richmond (the Confederate capital). This represented a change of strategy from that of the preceding Overland Campaign, in which confronting and defeating Lee's army in the open was the primary goal. Now, Grant selected a geographic and political target and knew that his superior resources could besiege Lee there, pin him down, and either starve him into submission or lure him out for a decisive battle. Lee at first believed that Grant's main target was Richmond and devoted only minimal troops under Beauregard to the defense of Petersburg.

2931: 2278:). He assigned the operation to Hancock's II Corps, which was in the process of moving south from their operation at Deep Bottom. He chose Hancock's corps because Warren was busy extending the fortifications at Globe Tavern, although his selection was of troops exhausted from their efforts north of the James and their forced march south without rest. Grant augmented Hancock's corps with Gregg's cavalry division. Gregg's division departed on August 22 and, after driving off Confederate pickets, they and the II Corps infantry division commanded by Brig. Gen. 1855:

particularly since Meade required Wilson to leave 1,400 men behind for picket duty, so he directed Butler to contribute Kautz's small division (2,000 troopers) to the effort. Early on the morning of June 22, 3,300 men, and 12 guns organized into two batteries, departed Mount Sinai Church and began to destroy railroad track and cars of the Weldon Railroad at Reams Station, 7 miles (11 km) south of Petersburg. Kautz's men moved to the west to Ford's Station and began destroying track, locomotives, and cars on the South Side Railroad.

1414: 1649:, which was to attack the Dimmock line east of the city. The third was 1,300 cavalrymen under Kautz, who were to sweep around Petersburg and strike it from the southeast. The troops moved out on the night of June 8, but made poor progress. Eventually the infantry crossed by 3:40 a.m. on June 9 and by 7 a.m., both Gillmore and Hinks had encountered the enemy, but stopped at their fronts. Gillmore told Hinks that he would attack but that both of the infantry columns should await the cavalry assault from the south. 2114:, where they could either provide aid to Early or be recalled to the Richmond-Petersburg front as needed. Grant misinterpreted this movement and assumed that Anderson's entire corps had been removed from the vicinity of Richmond, leaving only about 8,500 men north of the James River. He determined to try again with an advance toward the Confederate capital led by Hancock. This would either prevent reinforcements from aiding Early or once again dilute the Confederate strength in the defensive lines around Petersburg. 2391:, two divisions of the V Corps under Warren, and Gregg's cavalry division were assigned to the operation. On September 30, the Federals marched via Poplar Spring Church to reach Squirrel Level and Vaughan Roads. The initial Federal attack overran Fort Archer, flanking the Confederates out of their Squirrel Level Road line. Late afternoon, Confederate reinforcements arrived, slowing the Federal advance. On October 1, the Federals repulsed a Confederate counterattack directed by A.P. Hill. Reinforced by Maj. Gen. 734:. He chose to engage Lee's army directly, by ordering a frontal assault on the Confederate fortified positions on June 3. This attack was repulsed with heavy losses. Cold Harbor was a battle that Grant regretted more than any other and Northern newspapers thereafter frequently referred to him as a "butcher". Although Grant suffered high losses during the campaign—approximately 50,000 casualties, or 41%—Lee lost even higher percentages of his men—approximately 32,000, or 46%—losses that could not be replaced. 821: 1949:

take too long on foot and requested help from Sheridan's cavalry as well. Sheridan demurred, complaining of the effect on his "worn-out horses and exhausted men." After the war, arguments persisted between Sheridan and Wilson about whether the former had adequately protected the raiders from the Confederate cavalry of Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee. Sheridan did reach Reams Station by 7 p.m., only to find that the VI Corps infantry had in fact arrived but that Wilson and Kautz had departed.

1687:, commanded by Smith, to a strength of 16,000 men, including Kautz's cavalry division, and use the same route employed in the unsuccessful attacks of June 9. Since Beauregard had insufficient men available to defend the entire Dimmock defensive line, he concentrated 2,200 troops under Wise in the northeastern sector. Even with this concentration, infantrymen were spaced an unacceptable 10 feet (3.0 m) apart. His remaining 3,200 men were facing Butler's army at Bermuda Hundred. 2352:, to intercept the Confederates and their prize was unsuccessful and Hampton retraced his steps back to Petersburg, turning the cattle over to the Confederate commissary department. For days, the Confederate troops feasted on beef and taunted their Union counterparts across the lines. A visitor to Grant's headquarters asked the general, "When do you expect to starve out Lee and capture Richmond?" Grant replied, "Never, if our armies continue to supply him with beef cattle." 2056: 1847: 1924: 1162: 1198: 8921: 8008: 1799: 1676: 1216: 2511: 2206: 1603: 594: 8018: 1991:

pontoon bridge starting at 3 a.m., July 27. II Corps took up positions on the east bank of Bailey's Creek, from New Market Road to near Fussell's Mill. Sheridan's cavalry captured the high ground on the right, overlooking the millpond, but they were counterattacked and driven back. The Confederate works on the west bank of Bailey's Creek were formidable and Hancock chose not to attack them, spending the rest of the day performing reconnaissance.

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until early afternoon. Smith started his attack after delaying until about 7 p.m., deploying a strong skirmish line that swept over the earthworks on a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) front, causing the Confederates to retreat to a weaker defensive line on Harrison's Creek. Despite this initial success and the prospect of a virtually undefended city immediately to his front, Smith decided to wait until dawn to resume his attack. By this time Hancock, the

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humiliated the veterans of II Corps, they had lost a vital piece of the Weldon Railroad and from this point on they were able to transport supplies by rail only as far north as Stony Creek Depot, 16 miles (26 km) south of Petersburg. From that point, supplies had to be unloaded and wagon trains had to travel through Dinwiddie Court House and then on the Boydton Plank Road to get the supplies into Petersburg. The

1276:, as well as a scattered, disorganized group of 10,000 men defending Richmond under Beauregard. Many of the men under Beauregard's command consisted of soldiers who were either too young or too old to fight in the Army of Northern Virginia, or men who had been discharged from Lee's army due to wounds that rendered them unfit for service. The Army of Northern Virginia was initially organized into four corps: 66: 2468:

Boydton Plank Road, a major campaign objective. But that afternoon, a counterattack near Burgess' Mill spearheaded by Henry Heth's division, and Wade Hampton's cavalry isolated the II Corps and forced a retreat. The Confederates retained control of the Boydton Plank Road for the rest of the winter. It marked the last battle for Hancock, who resigned from field command because of wounds sustained at

264: 4508: 1874:). The Confederates struck the rear of his column, forcing Colonel George A. Chapman's brigade to fend them off. Wilson followed Kautz along the South Side Railroad, destroying about 30 miles (50 km) of track as they went. On June 24, while Kautz remained to skirmish around Burkeville, Wilson crossed over to Meherrin Station on the Richmond and Danville and began destroying track. 2129:'s cavalry division crossed pontoon bridges from Bermuda Hundred to Deep Bottom. The II Corps crossed by steamships the night of August 13–14. Birney's X Corps troops successfully pushed aside pickets on the Kingsland Road, but were stopped by the fortifications on New Market Heights. The II Corps units moved slowly into position, suffering numerous deaths from heat stroke. 1728:

first Union attack began at dawn, started by the II and XVIII Corps on the Union right. The II Corps was surprised to make rapid progress against the Confederate line, not realizing that Beauregard had moved it back the night before. When they encountered the second line, the attack immediately ground to a halt and the corps suffered under heavy Confederate fire for hours.

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the Union assault. Kautz, hearing no activity on Gillmore's front, presumed that he was left on his own and withdrew. Confederate casualties were about 80, Union 40. Butler was furious with Gillmore's timidity and incompetence and arrested him. Gillmore requested a court of inquiry, which was never convened, but Grant later reassigned him and the incident was dropped.

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killed, 44 wounded, and 30 missing or captured. Confederate losses were 10 killed and 24 wounded. Kautz's men gave up and retreated to the railroad depot at 9 p.m. Despite these relatively minor losses, the two Union cavalry generals decided to abandon their mission, leaving the Staunton River bridge intact and having inflicted only minor damage on the railroads.

2911:, which features 13 separate sites on a 33-mile driving tour. The park's primary sections are the City Point Unit, where Grant had his headquarters; the Eastern Front battlefield, which features the Crater and the main visitor center; the Five Forks battlefield and the Poplar Grove National Cemetery. The siege-ending "Breakthrough" battlefield is preserved as 2048:

Confederate rear area. Digging began in late June, creating a mine in a "T" shape with an approach shaft 511 feet (156 m) long. At its end, a perpendicular gallery of 75 feet (23 m) extended in both directions. The gallery was filled with 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) pounds of gunpowder, buried 20 feet (6.1 m) underneath the Confederate works.

625:) in Virginia, where he intended to maneuver Lee's army to a decisive battle; his secondary objective was to capture Richmond (the capital of the Confederacy), but Grant knew that the latter would happen automatically once the former was accomplished. His coordinated strategy called for Grant and Meade to attack Lee from the north, while Major General 2855: 1820:

casualties were 2,962 and Confederate 572. The battle was inconclusive, with advantages gained on both sides. The Confederates were able to retain control of the Weldon Railroad. The Federals were able to destroy a short segment of the Weldon before being driven off, but more importantly, the siege lines were stretched further to the west.

2395:'s division, the Federals resumed their advance on October 2, captured Fort MacRae (which was lightly defended) and extended their left flank to the vicinity of Peebles' and Pegram's Farms. With these limited successes, Meade suspended the offensive. A new line was entrenched from the Federal works on Weldon Railroad to Pegram's Farm. 1397:

of the full campaign was in mid-July, when 70,000 Union troops faced 36,000 Confederates around Petersburg, and 40,000 men under Butler faced 21,000 around Richmond. The Union Army, despite suffering horrific losses during the Overland Campaign, was able to replenish its soldiers and equipment, taking advantage of garrison troops from

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railroad at Stony Creek up the Boydton Plank Road into Petersburg. This was not yet a critical problem for the Confederates. A member of Lee's staff wrote, "Whilst we are inconvenienced, no material harm is done us." Grant was not entirely satisfied with Warren's victory, which he rightly characterized as wholly defensive in nature.

1704:, which was bottling up Butler's army in Bermuda Hundred. This made the divisions under Hoke and Johnson available for the new Petersburg defensive line. Butler might have used this opportunity to move his army between Petersburg and Richmond, which would have doomed the Confederate capital, but he once again failed to act. 2002:. Sheridan's men attempted to turn the Confederate left, but their movement was disrupted by a Confederate attack. Three brigades attacked Sheridan's right flank, but they were unexpectedly hit by heavy fire from the Union repeating carbines. Mounted Federals in Sheridan's reserve pursued and captured nearly 200 prisoners. 2372:

Lee reinforced his lines north of the James and, on September 30, he counterattacked unsuccessfully. The Federals entrenched, and the Confederates erected a new line of works cutting off the captured forts. As Grant anticipated, Lee shifted troops to meet the threat against Richmond, weakening his lines at Petersburg.

1405:. The Confederate army, in contrast, had difficulty replacing men lost through battle, disease, and desertion. As a result of this severe lack of manpower facing the Confederates, when Beauregard's men occupied the trenches around the city, there were gaps in the line of up to 5 feet (1.5 m) between men. 2713: 2496:'s Confederate division. Warren pushed forward a reconnaissance in the vicinity of Dabney's Mill and was attacked by Pegram's and Mahone's divisions. Pegram was killed in the action. Although the Union advance was stopped, the Federals extended their siegeworks to the Vaughan Road crossing of Hatcher's Run. 3802:

Trudeau, p. 189. Kennedy, p. 362, cites 2,742 Union casualties, 814 Confederate. Salmon, p. 428, cites 2,700 Union casualties, about 2,000 of which were captured, and "about 800" Confederate. Eicher, p. 725, cites Union casualties of 2,372 (with "many" prisoners), Confederate 720. Horn, p. 151, cites

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Union casualties in the Battle of Fort Stedman were 1,044 (72 killed, 450 wounded, 522 missing or captured), Confederate casualties a considerably heavier 4,000 (600 killed, 2,400 wounded, 1,000 missing or captured). But more seriously, the Confederate positions were weakened. After the battle, Lee's

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The attack on Fort Stedman had no impact on the Union lines. The Confederate Army was forced to set back its own lines, as the Union attacked further down the front line. To give Gordon's attack enough strength to be successful, Lee had weakened his own right flank. The II and VI Corps seized much of

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rode to Fort Haskell, just to the south of Battery XII, which he found to be ready to defend itself. As he moved north, he ordered Battery XII to open fire on Battery XI and a reserve infantry regiment briefly re-captured Battery XI. Assuming that he had sealed the only breach in the line, McLaughlen

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plan a surprise attack on the Union lines that would force Grant to contract his lines and disrupt his plans to assault the Confederate works (which, unbeknownst to Lee and Gordon, Grant had already ordered for March 29). The attack would be launched with almost half of Lee's infantry from Colquitt's

2467:

Directed by Hancock, divisions from three Union corps (II, V, and IX) and Gregg's cavalry division, numbering more than 30,000 men, withdrew from the Petersburg lines and marched west to operate against the Boydton Plank Road and South Side Railroad. The initial Union advance on October 27 gained the

2047:

in civilian life, proposed digging a long mine shaft underneath the Confederate lines and planting explosive charges directly underneath a fort (Elliott's Salient) in the middle of the Confederate First Corps line. If successful, Union troops could drive through the resulting gap in the line into the

1994:

While Hancock was checked at Bailey's Creek, Lee began bringing up more reinforcements from Petersburg, reacting as Grant had hoped. He assigned Anderson to take command of the Deep Bottom sector and sent in Heth's infantry division "Rooney" Lee's cavalry division. Troops were also hurriedly detailed

1919:

threatened to envelop Wilson's left flank. Kautz's division, following Wilson's, took a back road in the direction of Reams Station and was attacked by Lee's division late in the day. The Union cavalrymen were able to slip out of the trap under the cover of darkness and rode north on the Halifax Road

1854:

In parallel to Birney's and Wright's infantry action at the Jerusalem Plank Road, Wilson was ordered by Meade to conduct a raid destroying as much track as possible south and southwest of Petersburg. Grant considered Wilson's 3rd Division of the Cavalry Corps too small to conduct the operation alone,

3434:

Bonekemper, p. 313. The author presents casualty figures from a wide variety of sources and provides his best estimate. Trudeau, p. 55, agrees with the 4,000 Confederate losses, but cites Union killed and wounded at 8,150, with an additional 1,814 missing. Kennedy, p. 353, cites 9,964–10,600 for the

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shifted west to near Armstrong's Mill to cover Warren's right flank. Late in the day, John B. Gordon attempted to turn Humphrey's right flank near the mill but was repulsed. During the night, the Federals were reinforced by two divisions. On February 6, Gregg returned to Gravelly Run on Vaughan Road

2301:

were to fall, the Confederates would be forced to evacuate both Petersburg and Richmond because it represented a key point on the army's potential retreat route. He also saw an opportunity—that he could impose a stinging defeat on the Union Army not long before the presidential election in November.

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Union casualties at Globe Tavern were 4,296 (251 killed, 1,148 wounded, 2,897 missing/captured), Confederate 1,620 (211 killed, 990 wounded, 419 missing/captured). The Confederates had lost a key section of the Weldon Railroad and were forced to carry supplies by wagon 30 miles (48 km) from the

2063:

At 4:44 a.m. on July 30, the charges were exploded. A crater (still visible today) was created 170 feet (52 m) long by 60 to 80 feet (24 m) wide and 30 feet (9.1 m) deep. The blast destroyed the Confederate fortifications in the immediate vicinity and instantly killed between 250

1948:

and 5th New York Cavalry, turning the Federal left flank. Wilson sent a messenger north who was able to slip through the Confederate lines and urgently requested help from Meade at City Point. Meade alerted Wright to prepare to move his entire VI Corps to Reams Station, but he realized that it would

1885:

was a minor affair in which Kautz attempted multiple frontal assaults against the Home Guard, but his men never came closer than 80 yards (73 m). Lee's cavalry division closed on the Federals from the northeast and skirmished with Wilson's rear guard. Casualties on the Union side amounted to 42

1711:

June 17 was a day of uncoordinated Union attacks, starting on the left flank where two brigades of Burnside's IX Corps under Potter stealthily approached the Confederate line and launched a surprise attack at dawn. Initially successful, it captured nearly a mile of the Confederate fortifications and

1707:

By the morning of June 16, Beauregard had concentrated about 14,000 men in his defensive line, but this paled in comparison to the 50,000 federals that now faced him. Grant had arrived with Burnside's IX Corps, addressed the confusion of Hancock's orders, and ordered a reconnaissance for weak points

1690:

Smith and his men crossed the Appomattox shortly after dawn on June 15. Kautz's cavalry, leading the advance, encountered an unexpected stronghold at Baylor's farm northeast of Petersburg. Hinks's men launched two attacks on the Confederates and captured a cannon, but the overall advance was delayed

1515:

Once the siege began in June, African Americans continued working for the Confederacy. In September, Lee asked for an additional 2,000 blacks to be added to his labor force. On January 11, 1865, Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them to pass pending legislation to arm and enlist black slaves

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Grant's armies were significantly larger than Lee's during the campaign, although the strengths varied. During the initial assaults on the city, 15,000 Federal troops faced about 5,400 men under Beauregard. By June 18, the Federal strength exceeded 67,000 against the Confederate 20,000. More typical

3661:

Bonekemper, p. 315. Trudeau, p. 127 cites 3,798 Union, 1,491 Confederate (361 killed, 727 wounded, 403 missing or captured). Davis, p. 89, cites 3,500 Union casualties, 1,500 Confederate. Eicher, p. 723, cites 4,400 total casualties. Kennedy, p. 356, and Salmon, p. 421, cite 3,798 Union casualties,

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On February 5, 1865, Gregg's cavalry division rode out to the Boydton Plank Road via Ream's Station and Dinwiddie Court House in an attempt to intercept Confederate supply trains. Warren's V Corps crossed Hatcher's Run and took up a blocking position on the Vaughan Road to prevent interference with

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to move forward on Ayres's right in an attempt to outflank the Confederate left. A.P. Hill sent three brigades to meet the advancing Union divisions. At about 2 p.m. they launched a strong attack and pushed the Union troops back to within less than a mile of Globe Tavern. Warren counterattacked and

1990:

When Lee found out about Hancock's pending movement, he ordered that the Richmond lines be reinforced to 16,500 men. Kershaw's division and brigades from Wilcox's division moved east on New Market Road and took up positions on the eastern face of New Market Heights. Hancock and Sheridan crossed the

1952:

Caught in a trap without the promise of immediate aid, the Wilson–Kautz raiders burned their wagons and destroyed their artillery pieces and fled to the north before the reinforcements arrived. They lost hundreds of men as prisoners in what was called "a wild skedaddle." At least 300 escaped slaves

1935:

on June 29, Kautz approached Reams Station from the west expecting to find the friendly infantry promised by Humphreys but found Confederate infantry instead—Mahone's division blocking the approaches to the Halifax Road and the railroad behind well-constructed earthworks. Kautz's attack by the 11th

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Having achieved almost no gains from four days of assaults, and with Lincoln facing re-election in the upcoming months in the face of a loud public outcry against the casualty figures, Meade ordered his army to dig in, starting the ten-month siege. During the four days of fighting, Union casualties

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against the home guard, a group consisting primarily of teenagers, elderly men, and some wounded soldiers from city hospitals. The home guards retreated to the city with heavy losses, but by this time Beauregard had been able to bring reinforcements from Richmond to bear, which were able to repulse

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2,100 feet (640 m) long and crossed the James River on June 14–18. What Lee had feared most of all—that Grant would force him into a siege of Richmond—was poised to occur. Petersburg, a prosperous city of 18,000, was a supply center for Richmond, given its strategic location just south of Richmond,

3716:

Kennedy, p. 357; Trudeau, pp. 160–61, 164, 170; Horn, pp. 131–32; Davis, p. 99; Salmon, p. 424. Casualty figures from Bonekemper, p. 314. Trudeau, p. 170, estimates 2,901 Union, 1,000 Confederate. Salmon, p. 418, and Kennedy, p. 357, estimate 2,900 Union, 1,300 Confederate. Horn, p. 108, estimates

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Richmond–Petersburg was a costly campaign for both sides. The initial assaults on Petersburg in June 1864 cost the Union 11,386 casualties, to approximately 4,000 for the Confederate defenders. The casualties for the siege warfare that concluded with the assault on Fort Stedman are estimated to be

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Gordon soon arrived at Fort Stedman and found his attack had so far exceeded his "most sanguine expectations." Within minutes, Batteries X, XI, and XII and Fort Stedman had been seized, opening a gap nearly 1,000 feet (300 m) long in the Union line. Gordon turned his attention to the southern

2531:

Gordon's attack started at 4:15 a.m. Lead parties of sharpshooters and engineers masquerading as deserting soldiers headed out to overwhelm Union pickets and to remove obstructions that would delay the infantry advance. They were followed by three groups of 100 men assigned to storm the Union

2414:

Responding to the loss of Fort Harrison and the increasing Federal threat against Richmond, Gen. Robert E. Lee directed an offensive against the Union far right flank on October 7. After routing the Federal cavalry from their position covering Darbytown Road, Field's and Hoke's divisions assaulted

2371:

During the night of September 28–29, Butler's Army of the James crossed the James River to assault the Richmond defenses north of the river. The columns attacked at dawn. After initial Union successes at New Market Heights and Fort Harrison, the Confederates rallied and contained the breakthrough.

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By noon, another attack plan had been devised to break through the Confederate defenses. However, by this time, elements of Lee's army had reinforced Beauregard's troops. By the time the Union attack was renewed, Lee himself had taken command of the defenses. Willcox's division of the IX Corps led

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Beauregard wrote later that Petersburg "at that hour was clearly at the mercy of the Federal commander, who had all but captured it." But he used the time he had been granted to good advantage. Receiving no guidance from Richmond in response to his urgent requests, he unilaterally decided to strip

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to close the gap. Hartranft organized defensive forces that completely ringed the Confederate penetration by 7:30 a.m., stopping it just short of the military railroad depot. The Union artillery, aware that Confederates occupied the batteries and Fort Stedman, launched punishing fire against

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Lee planned a counterattack against the Union right for 11 a.m. on August 18, but it was poorly coordinated and made no significant gains. On the night of August 20, Hancock withdrew his force back over the James. Union casualties were approximately 2,900 men, some due to heat stroke. Confederate

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Brigade was hit hard and retreated, opening a significant gap. The heavily wooded terrain prevented Birney and Hancock from understanding that they had reached a position of advantage and they were unable to exploit it before Field rearranged his lines to fill the gap and drive back the Federals.

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On the morning of June 18, Meade went into a rage directed at his corps commanders because of his army's failure to take the initiative and break through the thinly defended Confederate positions and seize the city. He ordered the entire Army of the Potomac to attack the Confederate defenses. The

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Petersburg was protected by multiple lines of fortifications, the outermost of which was known as the Dimmock line, a line of earthworks and trenches 10 miles (16 km) long, with 55 redoubts, east of the city. The 2,500 Confederates stretched thin along this defensive line were commanded by a

4011:

Bonekemper, p. 319. Kennedy, p. 373, and Salmon, p. 450, estimate 1,017 Union, 2,681 Confederate (including 1,949 prisoners). Horn, p. 216, estimates 2,087 Union, "about 4,000" Confederate. Korn, p. 39, estimates 1,000 Union (half taken prisoner), 3,500 Confederate (1,900 prisoners). Greene, pp.

2429:

On October 13, Union forces advanced to find and feel the new Confederate defensive line in front of Richmond. While mostly a battle of skirmishers, a Federal brigade assaulted fortifications north of Darbytown Road and was repulsed with heavy casualties. The Federals retired to their entrenched

1819:

had begun tearing up the track when they were attacked by a larger force of Confederate infantry. Numerous Vermonters were taken prisoner and only about half a mile of track had been destroyed when they were chased away. Meade was unable to urge Wright forward and called off the operation. Union

1806:

On June 21, elements of the II Corps probed toward the railroad and skirmished with Confederate cavalry. By the morning of June 22, a gap opened up between the two corps. While the II Corps moved forward, the VI Corps encountered Confederate troops from Wilcox's division of Hill's corps and they

2316:

Union casualties at Reams Station were 2,747 (the II Corps lost 117 killed, 439 wounded, 2,046 missing/captured; the cavalry lost 145), Confederate 814 (Hampton's cavalry lost 16 killed, 75 wounded, 3 missing; Hill's infantry 720 total). Although the Confederates had won a clear victory and had

1810:

On June 23, the II Corps advanced to retake its lost ground, but the Confederates had pulled back, abandoning the earthworks they had captured. Under orders from Meade, the VI Corps sent out a heavy skirmish line after 10 a.m. in a second attempt to reach the Weldon Railroad. Men from Brigadier

750:

that provided navigable access to the James River, and its role as a major crossroads and junction for five railroads. Since Petersburg was the main supply base and rail depot for the entire region, including Richmond, the taking of Petersburg by Union forces would make it impossible for Lee to

2347:

on the right against Cocke's Mill, and the brigade of Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Rosser and a detachment under Lt. Col. Lovick P. Miller in the center to seize the cattle herd. The surprise attacks met only minimal resistance and by 8 a.m., Hampton's men were driving 2,486 cattle south toward Cook's

2067:

Confederate casualties were approximately 1,500 (200 killed, 900 wounded, 400 missing or captured). Union casualties were 3,798 (504 killed, 1,881 wounded, 1,413 missing or captured). Grant wrote that, "It was the saddest affair I have witnessed in the war." Many of the Union casualties were

2132:

It was not until midday on August 14 that the Union made contact with the Confederates, manning rifle pits on the Darbytown Road just north of the Long Bridge Road. The Union generals were surprised at the Confederate strength. On the right, a full Confederate division commanded by Maj. Gen.

2051:

Burnside had trained the division of USCTs under Ferrero to lead the assault. Two regiments were to leave the attack column and extend the breach by rushing perpendicular to the crater, while the remaining regiments were to rush through, seizing the Jerusalem Plank Road. Burnside's two other

1719:

During the day, Beauregard's engineers had laid out new defensive positions a mile to the west of the Dimmock line, which the Confederates occupied late that night. Lee had systematically ignored all of Beauregard's pleas for reinforcements until now, but dispatched two divisions of his men,

2444:

In combination with movements against the Boydton Plank Road at Petersburg, Benjamin Butler attacked the Richmond defenses along Darbytown Road with the X Corps. The XVIII Corps marched north to Fair Oaks where it was soundly repulsed by Field's Confederate division. Confederate forces

2518:

By March, Lee's army was weakened by desertion, disease, and shortage of supplies and he was outnumbered by Grant by about 125,000 to 50,000. Lee knew that an additional 50,000 men under Sheridan would be returning soon from the Shenandoah Valley and Sherman was marching north through

1524:

on March 23. The emancipation offered, however, was still reliant upon one's master agreement; "no slave will be accepted as a recruit unless with his own consent and with the approbation of his master by a written instrument conferring, as far as he may, the rights of a

1638:. Despite the number of fortifications, because of a series of hills and valleys around the outskirts of Petersburg there were several places along the outer defenses where cavalry could easily ride through undetected until they reached the inner defenses of the city. 2614:

after a strong Confederate defense. This halt in the advance into the city of Petersburg allowed Lee to pull his forces out of Petersburg and Richmond on the night of April 2, and head for the west in an attempt to meet up with forces under the command of Johnston in

1720:

exhausted from the Overland campaign, to Petersburg, beginning at 3 a.m. on June 18. With the arrival of Lee's two divisions, under Kershaw and Field, Beauregard had over 20,000 men to defend the city, but Grant's force had been augmented by the arrival of Warren's

2098:, as he operated out of the Shenandoah Valley, threatening towns in Maryland and Pennsylvania, as well as the District of Columbia. Robert E. Lee was concerned about actions that Grant might take against Early and sent the infantry division of Maj. Gen. 1784:) against the South Side and Weldon railroads, but he also directed that a significant infantry force be sent against the Weldon closer to his current position. Meade selected the II Corps, still temporarily commanded by Birney, and Wright's VI Corps. 2544:

Gordon's attack began to flounder. His three 100-man detachments were wandering around the rear area in confusion and many had stopped to satisfy their hunger with captured Federal rations, as the main Union defense force began to mobilize. Maj. Gen.

2654: 1889:

As Wilson and Kautz turned back to the east after their defeat at Staunton River Bridge, Lee's cavalry pursued and threatened their rear. Meanwhile, Robert E. Lee ordered Hampton's cavalry, which had been engaged with Sheridan's cavalry at the

1732:

the renewed attack but it suffered significant losses in the marsh and open fields crossed by the watercourse, Taylor's Branch. Warren's V Corps was halted by murderous fire from the position known as Rives' salient, an attack in which Colonel

1936:

Pennsylvania and the 1st District of Columbia Cavalry along the Depot Road was unsuccessful and Mahone counterattacked against the flank of the Pennsylvanians. On the Stage Road to the north of the station, the brigades of brigadier generals

1622:

While Lee and Grant faced each other after Cold Harbor, Benjamin Butler became aware that Confederate troops had been moving north to reinforce Lee, leaving the defenses of Petersburg in a vulnerable state. Sensitive to his failure in the

4756: 1695:

commander, had arrived at Smith's headquarters. The normally decisive and pugnacious Hancock, who outranked Smith, was uncertain of his orders and the disposition of forces, and uncharacteristically deferred to Smith's judgment to wait.

741:. He planned to cross to the south bank of the river, bypassing Richmond, and isolate Richmond by seizing the railroad junction of Petersburg to the south. While Lee remained unaware of Grant's intentions, the Union army constructed a 2005:

Satisfied that the operation had distracted sufficient Confederate forces from the defense of Petersburg the Federal attacks ended in the afternoon of July 28. Grant then proceed with a renewed assault against Petersburg on July 30.

2669: 2890:(Esposito, 1959), the siege of Petersburg ends with the Union assault and breakthrough of April 2. The remainder of the war in Virginia is classified as "Grant's Pursuit of Lee to Appomattox Court House (3–9 April 1865)". Trudeau's 1902:

made those assurances inoperable. Wilson and Kautz were surprised on the afternoon of June 28 when they reached Stony Creek Station, 10 miles (16 km) south of Reams, as hundreds of Hampton's cavalrymen (under Brigadier General

3756:

Bonekemper, p. 316. Kennedy, p. 360, and Salmon, p. 426, estimate 4,455 Union, 1,600 Confederate. Horn, p. 140, estimates 4,279 Union, about 2,300 Confederates. Eicher cites Union losses as 926 killed and wounded, 2,810 missing or

8181: 2168:

On August 16, Gregg's cavalry swept to the right and rode northwest on the Charles City Road toward Richmond. They found Rooney Lee's cavalry division blocking the road and a full day of fighting resulted. Confederate Brig. Gen.

1898:, that the Army of the Potomac would be immediately taking control of the Weldon Railroad at least as far south as Reams Station, so Wilson decided that would be an appropriate place to return to Union lines. The Union defeat at 2152:

Although the Union attacks had been generally unsuccessful, they had some of the effect Grant desired. Lee became convinced that the threat against Richmond was a serious one and he dispatched two infantry brigades of Maj. Gen.

2601:

overran the eastern trenches but were met with stiff resistance. At 5:30 a.m. on April 2, Wright's VI Corps made a decisive breakthrough along the Boydton Plank Road line. While riding between the lines to rally his men,

1656:, Crater Road). The Confederates' Battery 27, also known as Rives's Salient, was manned by 150 militiamen commanded by Major Fletcher H. Archer. Kautz first launched a probing attack, then paused. His main attack was by the 2165:. Hancock ordered Birney's corps to make a night march to join Barlow's end of the line. Birney's movement was delayed by difficult terrain for most of August 15 and Hancock's plan for an attack was abandoned for the day. 3480:

Kennedy, 354. Trudeau, p. 78, lists the Union II Corps casualties as 650 killed and wounded, 1,742 captured; VI Corps casualties as 150. on the Confederate side, Trudeau, p. 80, lists Mahone's casualties as 421, Wilcox's

2213:

While the II Corps fought at Deep Bottom, Grant planned another attack against the Weldon. He chose Gouverneur K. Warren's V Corps to lead the operation. Grant was encouraged by a message he received August 17 from

3345:

The Howlett defensive line spanned the land north of the Appomattox River to the James River. It commenced approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) down river from the Dimmock defensive line, running northward toward

2719:

Smoke is still rising from the ruins of Richmond, Virginia after surrendering on April 3, 1865, following the Union victory at the siege of Petersburg. Union cavalry mounts with carbines visible are hitched in the

2149:'s brigade. When Field took Anderson's brigade from his right flank, it weakened the line in front of Birney's corps, which moved forward and occupied some of the Confederate entrenchments and captured four guns. 2541:

flank of his attack and Fort Haskell. The Confederate artillery from Colquitt's Salient began bombarding Fort Haskell and the Federal field artillery returned fire, along with the massive siege guns in the rear.

4967: 1541:. Of those the greatest concentration of U.S. Colored Troops was at Petersburg. In the initial assault upon the city on June 15, a division of USCTs in the XVIII Corps helped capture and secure a section of the 2648:

Fascine Trench Breastworks, Petersburg, Va. – NARA – 524792. Although identified as Confederate Trenches this is actually Union Fort Sedgwick aka "Fort Hell" which was opposite Fort Mahone aka "Fort Damnation"

2240:'s division formed in line of battle and moved north to block any Confederate advance from that direction. Ayres encountered Confederate troops at about 1 p.m. and Warren ordered the division under Brig. Gen. 2386:

In combination with Butler's offensive north of the James River, Grant extended his left flank to cut Confederate lines of communication southwest of Petersburg. Two divisions of the IX corps under Maj. Gen.

2273:

Grant wanted the Weldon closed permanently, destroying 14 miles (23 km) of track from Warren's position near Globe Tavern as far south as Rowanty Creek (about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the town of

601:

In March 1864, Ulysses S. Grant was promoted to lieutenant general and was given command of the Union Army. He devised a coordinated strategy to apply pressure on the Confederacy from many points, something

5048: 4704: 2902:

The various historic sites and battlegrounds related to the siege of Petersburg are spread out across a vast area in the Petersburg vicinity. These sites and battlefields are primarily preserved by the

1881:), where they encountered approximately 1,000 "old men and boys" (the Home Guard), commanded by Captain Benjamin L. Farinholt, dug in with earthworks and prepared artillery positions at the bridge. The 2919:

and its partners have acquired and preserved more than 130 acres (0.53 km) of battlefield land in five transactions since 2005, including a 33-acre parcel where Hill was killed on April 2, 1865.

2009:

Union casualties at the First Battle of Deep Bottom were 488 (62 killed, 340 wounded, and 86 missing or captured). Confederate casualties were 679 (80 killed, 391 wounded, 208 missing or captured).

2554:

them. By 7:45 a.m., 4,000 Union troops under Hartranft were positioned in a semicircle of a mile and a half, and counterattacked, causing heavy casualties to the now-retreating Confederates.

1004:. Sheridan and much of his command were on detached service in the Shenandoah Valley from mid-July 1864 to late March 1865. Upon their return, Sheridan often referred to his Cavalry Corps as the 1712:

about 600 prisoners, but the effort eventually failed when Potter's men moved forward to find another line of entrenchments. IX Corps assaults at 2 p.m., led by the brigade of Brigadier General

1641:

Butler's plan was formulated on the afternoon of June 8, calling for three columns to cross the Appomattox and advance with 4,500 men. The first and second consisted of infantry from Gillmore's

3444:

Salmon, p. 406, considers the Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road to be the initial action of the Wilson–Kautz raid of June 22–30, but this is not a convention widely accepted by other historians.

1652:

Kautz's men did not arrive until noon, however, having been delayed en route by numerous enemy pickets. They assaulted the Dimmock line where it crossed the Jerusalem Plank Road (present-day

312: 1683:

Grant selected Butler's Army of the James, which had performed poorly in the Bermuda Hundred campaign, to lead the expedition toward Petersburg. On June 14 he directed Butler to augment the

1560:. It was the largest black force assembled during the war and varied between 9,000 and 16,000 men. Overall in the Petersburg Campaign USCTs would participate in 6 major engagements and earn 2335:

On September 5, a scout attached to the Jeff Davis Legion, Sgt. George D. Shadburne, gave a report to Wade Hampton on his reconnaissance behind the Union lines. At about 5 miles east of

8961: 3435:

Union, 2,974–4,700 for the Confederates; Salmon, p. 406, cites 8,150 Federal and 3,236 Confederate casualties; Welsh, p. 122, provides the breakdown of the 4,000 Confederate casualties.

2558:

the entrenched Confederate picket line southwest of Petersburg, but found the main line still well manned. This Union advance prepared the ground for Grant's breakthrough attack in the

8956: 2843: 1504:, both freedmen and slaves were employed in various war functions, one of which was working for the numerous railroad companies that operated in and out of the city. In 1862 Captain 1476:

about half the population was black of which nearly 35% were free. Petersburg was considered to have the largest number of free blacks of any Southern city at that time. Many of the

4697: 2145:'s 10,000 men in two divisions of II Corps attacked Fussell's Mill. They were able to drive away two Confederate cavalry regiments at the mill, but they were repulsed by Brig. Gen. 2225:

I have seen your despatch expressing your unwillingness to break your hold where you are. Neither am I willing. Hold on with a bulldog grip, and chew and choke as much as possible.

7666: 7985: 7812: 5527: 8750: 2990: 4035: 8412: 4690: 2707:, April 3, 1865. Although prints of this picture list it as being taken at Ft Mahone, historians at the "Petersburg Project" believe it was taken at Confederate Battery 25 8755: 8417: 1116:

On December 3, 1864, the racially integrated X Corps and XVIII Corps were reorganized to become the all-white XXIV Corps and the all-black (officers excepted) XXV Corps.

8206: 2831: 305: 4090: 1894:

on June 11–12, to join the pursuit and attack Wilson and Kautz. Before leaving on his raid, Wilson had received assurances from Meade's chief of staff, Major General

1579:. They served as pickets, railroad workers, and laborers "discharging the ships, wheeling the dirt, sawing the timber and driving the piles." Many also worked at the 8226: 8221: 8211: 8201: 3616:

Bonekemper, p. 314. Salmon, p. 418, estimates 488 Union, 650 Confederate. Horn, p. 108, estimates 488 Union, 700 Confederate. Kennedy, p. 355, estimates 1,000 total.

2537:

rode into Fort Stedman and began giving orders to the men. He suddenly realized that they were Confederates and they realized he was a Union general, capturing him.

1748:

were 11,386 (1,688 killed, 8,513 wounded, 1,185 missing or captured), while Confederate casualties were 4,000 (200 killed, 2,900 wounded, 900 missing or captured).

1756:

After failing to capture Petersburg by assault, Grant's first objective was to secure the three remaining open rail lines that served Petersburg and Richmond: the

2445:

counterattacked, taking some 600 prisoners. The Richmond defenses remained intact. Of Grant's offensives north of the James River, this was repulsed most easily.

7495: 2801: 2685: 6950: 6945: 1521: 1740:, was severely wounded. At 6:30 p.m., Meade ordered a final assault, which also failed with more horrendous losses. One of the leading regiments was the 6955: 4069: 3562:

Longacre, pp. 292–93; Salmon, pp. 415–16; Starr, pp. 203–07. Casualty figures are from Starr. Kennedy, p. 355, cites the total of 1,445. Salmon claims 1,800.

298: 8191: 7716: 7605: 7590: 5434: 3508:

Located at the currently unincorporated community of Reams, Virginia, this railroad station is referred to variously as Reams, Ream's, and Reams's Station.

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assaulted Petersburg unsuccessfully and then constructed trench lines that eventually extended over 30 miles (48 km) from the eastern outskirts of

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Military historians do not agree on precise boundaries between the campaigns of this era. This article uses the classification maintained by the U.S.

2282:

destroyed the railroad tracks to within 2 miles (3.2 km) of Reams Station. Early on August 23, Hancock's other division, commanded by Brig. Gen.

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the main Union defensive line along New Market Road and were repulsed. The Federals were not dislodged, and Lee withdrew into the Richmond defenses.

1505: 699:

and failed to move on to Mobile, Alabama. However, Crook and Averell were able to cut the last railway linking Virginia and Tennessee, and Sherman's

4150: 5825: 4813: 107: 17: 8169: 7600: 7575: 7377: 7285: 5835: 5569: 2624: 2293:

Robert E. Lee considered that the Union troops at Reams Station represented not only a threat to his supply line, but also to the county seat of

2232:

At dawn on August 18, Warren advanced to the south and reached the railroad at Globe Tavern around 9 a.m. Parts of the division under Brig. Gen.

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blocking all routes of ingress and egress, nor was it strictly limited to actions against Petersburg. The campaign consisted of nine months of

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A piece of lace with accompanying handwritten note: "Taken from the hand of a dead rebel at Fort Gregg near Petersburg, April 2nd, 1865" (

1520:

passed legislation to raise and enlist companies of black soldiers. The legislation was then promulgated into military policy by Davis in

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After nearly ten months of siege, the loss at Fort Stedman was a devastating blow for Lee's army, setting up the Confederate defeat at

1561: 1384:. (Later in the campaign, Beauregard's department was expanded and reorganized to consist of the divisions of major generals Hoke and 838: 8951: 8720: 8647: 8542: 7822: 7585: 7555: 7193: 7122: 5820: 5815: 4849: 4713: 2994: 614: 582: 277: 8888: 8745: 8635: 8620: 8367: 8357: 7736: 7671: 6373: 6348: 5584: 5559: 5509: 5489: 4031: 3947: 3928: 3909: 3890: 3871: 3852: 3833: 2409: 1350: 785: 419: 2597:

After his victory at Five Forks, Grant ordered an assault along the entire Confederate line beginning at dawn on April 2. Parke's

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Welsh, pp. 96, 101; Eicher, pp. 663–87; Hattaway and Jones, pp. 540–46, 552–67, 577–80; Salmon, pp. 251–58; Bonekemper, p. 190.

1328: 1280: 1251: 1144: 6208: 8740: 8665: 7452: 6444: 6439: 6303: 6203: 5454: 4819: 4621: 4606: 4587: 4572: 4553: 4451: 4333: 4296: 3154: 256: 5346: 3253: 1627:, Butler sought to achieve a success to vindicate his generalship. He wrote, "the capture of Petersburg lay near my heart." 1401:, and the increasing availability of African-American soldiers. By the end of the siege, Grant had 125,000 men to begin the 8525: 8384: 8276: 7711: 7415: 7387: 6626: 6434: 6403: 6333: 6193: 5767: 4086: 3085:

Welsh, pp. 102, 118; Davis, pp. 34–36; Welcher, p. 994; Eicher, p. 687; Hattaway and Jones, pp. 588–91; Salmon, pp. 395–96.

3037: 1877:

On June 25, Wilson and Kautz continued tearing up track south to the Staunton River Bridge at Roanoke Station (modern-day

8630: 8615: 8503: 8495: 8352: 7701: 7691: 7342: 7050: 6413: 6378: 6273: 5851: 4730: 6328: 1369:

Beauregard's Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia had four depleted divisions commanded by major generals

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Salient against Fort Stedman, and Gordon had hopes that he could drive into the Union rear area as far as City Point.

2286:, occupied Reams Station, taking up positions in earthworks that had been constructed by the Union cavalry during the 8725: 8708: 8271: 7964: 7847: 7837: 7565: 7161: 7055: 6932: 6429: 6393: 6313: 6253: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6178: 5609: 5601: 5479: 5423: 5054: 5042: 4500: 4485: 4466: 4432: 4417: 4402: 4378: 4363: 4348: 4311: 4281: 4264: 4230: 4213: 4181: 3803:"more than 2,700" Union, 720 Confederate. Davis, p. 109, cites 2,400 Union casualties, 2,150 of which were prisoners. 2954: 1841: 886: 646: 367: 3416:

On the battle map, though not named, it is to the immediate front of the Confederate line facing Burnside's assault.

2819: 2606:

was shot and killed by two Union soldiers. Wright's initial breakthrough was halted mid-day at Fort Gregg. Gibbon's

8655: 8584: 8132: 6358: 6323: 6263: 6218: 5381: 5225: 4843: 2949: 2944: 2566:

defeat was only a matter of time. His final opportunity to break the Union lines and regain the momentum was gone.

1757: 1744:, which lost 632 of 900 men in the assault, the heaviest single-battle loss of any regiment during the entire war. 1233: 549: 538: 4435:. Note: Despite the broad title, Sommer's work covers only those battles between September 29 and October 2, 1864. 4066: 3625:

Eicher, pp. 720–21; Davis, pp. 67–69, 72; Trudeau, pp. 99–105; Kennedy, p. 355; Salmon, pp. 418–20; Welsh, p. 122.

1303:

returned from medical leave and resumed command of the corps on October 19. Anderson was given command of the new

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of Burnside's IX Corps, offered a novel proposal to solve Grant's problem. Pleasants, a mining engineer from

1932: 1761: 1430: 1284: 1260: 820: 711: 534: 3793:

Salmon, p. 428; Horn, pp. 141–50; Calkins, np.; Kennedy, pp. 360–62; Trudeau, pp. 183–88; Davis, pp. 105–09.

2703:

Confederate artilleryman killed during the final Union assault against the trenches at Petersburg. Photo by

2173:

was killed during the fighting. The infantrymen of the X Corps had a better start to the day, as Brig. Gen.

8946: 7580: 7322: 7112: 7087: 6799: 5874: 5579: 5519: 5195: 5143: 5118: 5066: 4979: 4630:

Tidball, John C. The Artillery Service in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1865. Westholme Publishing, 2011.

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9th Corps troops dismantling rebel chevaux de frise during the attack on rebels at Fort Mahone sketch by

2381: 2366: 1962: 1891: 1733: 1670: 565: 409: 404: 372: 342: 2594:

on April 2, the surrender of the city of Petersburg at dawn on April 3, and Richmond that same evening.

1500:

When Petersburg became a major supply center for the newly formed Confederacy and its nearby capital in

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Trudeau, pp. 106–07; Eicher, p. 721; Salmon, pp. 420–21; Davis, p. 74; Kennedy, p. 355; Welsh, p. 122.

523:, to around the eastern and southern outskirts of Petersburg. Petersburg was crucial to the supply of 8924: 8730: 8673: 8432: 8372: 8292: 8040: 8021: 7934: 7890: 7696: 7478: 7280: 7253: 7233: 7134: 6940: 6845: 6143: 6058: 5974: 5624: 5549: 5293: 4985: 4928: 4911: 4896: 4741: 3067:

Eicher, pp. 680–82, 691–93; Davis, p. 18; Hattaway and Jones, pp. 517–26; Fuller, pp. 207–08, 229–30.

2936: 2035:

told him that such affairs were expensive and difficult on the morale of his men. Lieutenant Colonel

1980: 1657: 1273: 1197: 214: 1215: 70:

The "Dictator" siege mortar at Petersburg. In the foreground, the figure on the right is Brig. Gen.

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to take the overall command of an expedition that included 8–10,000 men—both cavalry and infantry.

1908: 1837: 1684: 1646: 1624: 1552:

In December, all the USCTs around Petersburg were incorporated into three divisions and became the

1322: 1046: 1009: 731: 719: 684: 661: 424: 362: 552:. The siege of Petersburg foreshadowed the trench warfare that would be seen fifty years later in 8796: 8444: 8427: 8097: 7885: 7505: 7473: 7468: 7166: 7139: 6531: 6028: 6018: 5790: 5785: 5639: 4866: 4582:. U.S. Army War College Guides to Civil War Battles. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2014. 2912: 2607: 1632: 1068: 537:

capital of Richmond. Numerous raids were conducted and battles fought in attempts to cut off the

524: 1179: 8765: 8449: 8379: 7870: 7570: 7144: 6734: 6571: 6546: 6078: 5979: 5894: 5634: 5543: 5205: 5123: 4921: 4871: 2862: 2533: 2505: 2200: 1999: 1911:, Wilson's men tried to break through but had to fall back when Confederate brigadier generals 1773: 1553: 1161: 1086: 802: 738: 449: 414: 387: 1802:

Siege of Petersburg, movements against the railroads and A.P. Hill's counterattack, June 21–22

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Davis, pp. 75–88; Trudeau, pp. 109–26; Salmon, pp. 420–21; Eicher, pp. 721–22; Welsh, p. 122.

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Grant wanted to defeat Lee's army without resorting to a lengthy siege—his experience in the

1829: 1692: 1377: 1036: 993: 947: 921: 874: 727: 352: 4682: 4392: 544:

Lee finally gave in to the pressure and abandoned both cities in April 1865, leading to his

8870: 8852: 8846: 8828: 8696: 8688: 8683: 8302: 8112: 7944: 7796: 7769: 7238: 7017: 7000: 6657: 6153: 6138: 6133: 6103: 6088: 6068: 5686: 5590: 5474: 5210: 5113: 5093: 5013: 2587: 2469: 2340: 2118: 2018: 1871: 1863: 1737: 1721: 1642: 1580: 1576: 1546: 1517: 1473: 1128: 1054: 1050: 1020: 979: 899: 895: 688: 671:

Most of these initiatives failed, often because of the assignment of generals to Grant for

634: 561: 481: 377: 101: 8: 8910: 8882: 8735: 8701: 8307: 8127: 8122: 7929: 7721: 7610: 7484: 7129: 7082: 6829: 6789: 6774: 6667: 6516: 6188: 6148: 6023: 5984: 5909: 5869: 5469: 5459: 5263: 5178: 4886: 3707:

Trudeau, pp. 154–57; Horn, pp. 129–31; Kennedy, pp. 356–57; Davis, p. 99; Salmon, p. 423.

2620: 2579: 2488: 2349: 2298: 1941: 1895: 1816: 1765: 1437: 1402: 929: 878: 860: 618: 545: 205: 193: 75: 3944: 3925: 3906: 3887: 3868: 3849: 3830: 3058:

Welsh, p. 96; Eicher, pp. 661, 691–92; Davis, p. 18; Salmon, p. 251; Fuller, pp. 207–08.

8804: 8552: 8400: 8317: 8196: 8107: 7775: 7645: 7171: 7156: 7037: 6995: 6967: 6804: 6769: 6616: 6576: 6093: 6063: 6053: 5929: 5924: 5904: 5899: 5879: 5629: 5532: 5449: 5397: 4933: 4916: 4881: 4825: 4656: 4012:

114–15, estimates 1,000 Union (more than half taken prisoner), 2,700–4,000 Confederate.

3990:

Korn, pp. 38–39; Horn, pp. 214–16; Greene, p. 114; Salmon, p. 450; Trudeau, pp. 348–49.

3963:

Salmon, p. 448; Korn, pp. 33–34; Greene, pp. 108–12; Horn, p. 209; Trudeau, pp. 333–36.

2241: 2146: 2111: 2032: 1878: 1867: 1501: 1461: 1453: 1381: 1308: 1132: 1058: 1024: 989: 963: 911: 696: 653: 638: 610: 588: 520: 485: 164: 57: 35: 28: 6749: 4674:

includes a presentation of the breakthrough at Boydton Line and other museum exhibits.

4648: 2229:

Grant remarked to his staff, "The President has more nerve than any of his advisors."

8557: 8117: 8017: 7273: 6875: 6809: 6744: 6647: 6566: 6526: 6128: 5934: 5889: 5504: 5351: 5341: 5258: 4631: 4617: 4602: 4583: 4568: 4549: 4496: 4481: 4462: 4447: 4428: 4413: 4398: 4374: 4359: 4344: 4329: 4307: 4292: 4277: 4260: 4241: 4226: 4209: 4192: 4177: 2550: 2178: 2170: 2142: 2099: 1984: 1937: 1912: 1904: 1713: 1557: 1426: 1413: 1370: 1296: 1288: 1188: 941: 925: 889: 864: 715: 680: 676: 672: 209: 34:"Siege of Richmond" redirects here. For the earlier attempt to capture the city, see 4289:

The Final Battles of the Petersburg Campaign: Breaking the Backbone of the Rebellion

3425:

Welsh, p. 121; Davis, pp. 49–52; Eicher, p. 690; Salmon, p. 406; Trudeau, pp. 53–54.

609:

had urged his generals to do from the beginning of the war. Grant put Major General

8834: 8777: 8547: 8481: 8454: 8439: 8102: 8063: 6885: 6754: 6724: 6719: 6652: 6591: 6586: 6541: 6043: 6033: 5939: 5919: 5914: 5664: 5654: 5614: 5268: 3499:

Longacre, p. 289; Salmon, 397; Kennedy, p. 303, and Salmon, p. 410, cite 5,500 men.

3453:

Trudeau, p. 65. Despite Hancock's incapacitation, he chose to accompany the column.

2849:

Confederate troops attacking Union positions near Ream's station on August 25, 1864

2336: 2310: 2158: 2138: 2134: 2126: 1945: 1916: 1465: 1398: 1354: 1340: 1300: 1292: 1224: 1206: 1120: 1094: 1076: 997: 959: 951: 811: 747: 700: 516: 176: 730:(May 31 – June 12) when Grant's army once again came into contact with Lee's near 8714: 8596: 8567: 8327: 7959: 7248: 7097: 6990: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6850: 6819: 6729: 6672: 6662: 6621: 5649: 5619: 5439: 4660: 4270: 4219: 4154: 4118: 4073: 3951: 3932: 3913: 3894: 3875: 3856: 3837: 3347: 3257: 2704: 2549:

of the IX Corps acted decisively, ordering the reserve division under Brig. Gen.

2279: 2237: 2233: 2218: 2122: 2036: 1385: 1090: 1072: 1062: 1028: 1001: 955: 933: 915: 907: 903: 829: 737:

On the night of June 12, Grant again advanced by his left flank, marching to the

665: 622: 606: 184: 4371:

Lincoln's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac

3029: 8903: 8261: 7027: 6975: 6814: 6779: 6739: 6631: 6611: 6606: 6561: 5840: 5681: 5669: 4248:. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the 2616: 2524: 2330: 2154: 2091: 1812: 1564: 1344: 1318: 1102: 1098: 1080: 967: 937: 742: 505: 398: 1545:. The other division at Petersburg was with the IX Corps and it fought in the 8940: 8876: 8466: 7295: 6895: 6890: 6880: 6855: 6764: 6759: 6601: 6596: 6581: 6551: 6521: 5859: 5484: 5248: 4512: 3351: 2546: 2520: 2388: 2344: 2249: 1635: 1508:

used freedmen and slave labor to construct a ten-mile long defensive line of

1170: 1124: 1040: 975: 707: 657: 530: 527: 501: 189: 122: 109: 71: 3775:

Horn, p. 141; Trudeau, pp. 176–79, 182; Kennedy, p. 360; Salmon, pp. 426–27.

3471:

Kennedy, pp. 353–54; Eicher, p. 690; Trudeau, pp. 69–74; Salmon, pp. 406–08.

8864: 7764: 7741: 7731: 7726: 7263: 7205: 7117: 7092: 7005: 6985: 6784: 6682: 4391:

Miller, Francis Trevelyan, Robert S. Lanier, and James Verner Scaife, eds.

3747:

Trudeau, pp. 164–73; Salmon, pp. 424–25; Davis, pp. 101–04; Eicher, p. 725.

2675:

Union Army 9th Corps attacking Fort Mahone aka "Fort Damanation" sketch by

2392: 2248:

Reinforcements arrived during the night—the Union IX Corps under Maj. Gen.

2174: 2107: 2044: 1701: 1575:

African Americans served in varying capacities at the Union supply base at

1358: 1109: 1032: 692: 649: 497: 180: 4319:

In the Trenches at Petersburg: Field Fortifications and Confederate Defeat

3680:

Trudeau, pp. 147–52; Horn, pp. 120, 127; Davis, pp. 95–97; Salmon, p. 423.

3017:

In the Trenches at Petersburg: Field Fortifications and Confederate Defeat

2499: 2055: 1998:

On the morning of July 28, Grant reinforced Hancock with a brigade of the

8840: 8405: 6536: 5574: 5554: 4677: 2676: 2661: 2283: 1923: 1537:

During the war a total of nearly 187,000 African Americans served in the

1464:'s total black population, one in six blacks lived in Virginia. Of those 1374: 882: 630: 553: 4672:

Pamplin Historical Park and The National Museum of the Civil War Soldier

4245: 3689:

Horn, pp. 127–28; Trudeau, pp. 151–52; Davis, pp. 97–98; Salmon, p. 423.

3407:

Welsh, p. 121; Davis, pp. 46–50; Salmon, pp. 405–06; Trudeau, pp. 51–53.

859:

At the beginning of the campaign, Grant's Union forces consisted of the

556:, earning it a prominent position in military history. It also featured 8471: 7919: 6794: 6556: 5757: 5752: 2611: 2137:

was dug in. Chaffin's Bluff was defended by a division under Maj. Gen.

1798: 1675: 1538: 1485: 1336: 509: 290: 4174:

A Victor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S. Grant's Overlooked Military Genius

2510: 2492:

from his unsuccessful raid and was attacked by elements of Brig. Gen.

2205: 1602: 593: 8422: 7183: 5366: 4625: 4537: 4076:

on location of Many of the Roche photographs at Petersburg April 1865

2603: 2303: 2090:

On the same day the Union failed at the Crater, Confederate Lt. Gen.

2082: 1751: 1332: 1242: 4121:. The references by Kennedy and Salmon also use this classification. 3784:

Trudeau, pp. 179, 181–86; Salmon, p. 428; Davis, p. x; Horn, p. 141.

3019:, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2009, p. 280. 2976:, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002, p. 208. 2023: 1846: 1075:, including the divisions of Brig. Gen. Robert S. Foster, Maj. Gen. 541:. Many of these battles caused the lengthening of the trench lines. 8174: 8032: 7188: 2459: 1967: 1927:"Dictator" siege mortar on the U.S. Military Railroad at Petersburg 1526: 1509: 1477: 1457: 1429:

worked on digging trenches and other manual labor on behalf of the

4666: 2574: 2487:

Gregg's operations. Two divisions of the II Corps under Maj. Gen.

2068:

suffered by Ferrero's division. Burnside was relieved of command.

1391: 2209:

Siege of Petersburg, capture of the Weldon Railroad, August 18–19

1567:

that were awarded to African American soldiers in the Civil War.

1489: 1469: 642: 4659:: Battle maps, history articles, photos, and preservation news ( 3698:

Trudeau, pp. 153–54; Davis, p. 98; Horn, p. 128; Salmon, p. 423.

2321:

was the only railroad left to supply Petersburg and Lee's army.

1866:, where he encountered elements of Rooney Lee's cavalry between 1460:

had a black population of about 549,000. This meant that of the

7986:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

5045:(May–Oct): Lynchburg, Early's B&O raid, Sheridan's campaign 2433: 1772:, also called the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad, which led to 1481: 65: 4459:

The Last Citadel: Petersburg, Virginia, June 1864 – April 1865

2915:, a privately owned park open to the public. In addition, the 4712: 4671: 3336:

Trudeau, pp. 37–45, 51; Davis, pp. 39–44; Salmon, pp. 403–05.

2403: 2348:

Bridge. A Union attempt by 2,100 cavalrymen under Brig. Gen.

597:

Fredericksburg, Virginia; May 1863. Soldiers in the trenches.

493: 5708: 4388:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 2002. 4321:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 2009. 3544:

Salmon, pp. 414–15; Longacre, pp. 290–91; Starr, pp. 193–96.

3535:

Salmon, pp. 411–13; Longacre, pp. 289–90; Starr, pp. 191–93.

2245:

regained his lost ground. His men entrenched for the night.

881:, including the divisions of Maj. Gens. David B. Birney and 706:

On May 4, Grant and Meade's Army of the Potomac crossed the

4444:

The War in the East from Gettysburg to Appomattox 1863–1865

2532:

works and stream back into the Union rear area. Brig. Gen.

2236:

began to destroy the track while a brigade from Brig. Gen.

1956: 691:

in May and soon afterward he was replaced by Major General

560:, who suffered heavy casualties at such engagements as the 8962:

Campaigns of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

4356:

Richmond Burning: The Last Days of the Confederate Capital

2375: 2259:

Globe Tavern was the first Union victory of the campaign.

1995:

from the Department of Richmond to help man the trenches.

558:

the war's largest concentration of African-American troops

484:, fought from June 9, 1864, to March 25, 1865, during the 8957:

Military operations of the American Civil War in Virginia

4601:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 3398:

Davis, pp. 46–50; Salmon, pp. 405–06; Trudeau, pp. 51–53.

2189: 2106:'s corps and the cavalry division commanded by Maj. Gen. 1716:, and in the evening, by Ledlie's division, both failed. 1586: 4519:

Civil War Battle Summaries by Campaign (Eastern Theater)

4160:"Petersburg Battlefield" webpage. Accessed May 15, 2023. 3517:

Salmon, p. 397; Longacre, pp. 287–89; Starr, pp. 179–81.

703:

was a success, although it dragged on through the fall.

629:

drove toward Richmond from the southeast; Major General

4616:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2017. 4461:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991. 4446:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. 2691:

Union 5th Corps attacking Confederates at Hatcher's Run

2578:

Grant's final assaults and Lee's retreat (start of the

2500:

Confederate breakout attempt at Fort Stedman (March 25)

2360: 1823: 1325:

and played no direct role in the defense of Petersburg.

1031:(from July 23, 1864 – October 10, 1864) and Brig. Gen. 4565:

The Western Front Battles, September 1864 – April 1865

4304:

How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War

4223:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

3142: 2631:

42,000 for the Union and 28,000 for the Confederates.

1664: 1119:

Grant made his headquarters in a cabin on the lawn of

4474:

The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations

4274:

Grant and Lee, A Study in Personality and Generalship

3972:

Trudeau, pp. 337–42; Salmon, p. 450; Korn, pp. 34–36.

3389:

Davis, pp. 45–46; Salmon, p. 405; Trudeau, pp. 48–49.

2475: 2448: 1127:

and the oldest home (built in 1763) in what was then

3380:

Davis, pp. 44–45; Trudeau, pp. 47–48; Welsh, p. 120.

3350:. It is approximately 0.6 miles (1 km) east of 2926: 2071: 1858:

On June 23, Wilson proceeded to the junction of the

1787: 1780:. Grant decided on a wide-ranging cavalry raid (the 633:

to control the Shenandoah Valley; Sherman to invade

4495:. Greenwich, CT: Brompton Books Corporation, 1981. 3738:

Davis, p. 101; Trudeau, pp. 162–63; Salmon, p. 424.

3300:

Kennedy, p. 352; Welsh, p. 118; Salmon, pp. 401–03.

2355: 2324: 2262: 2157:'s division and the cavalry divisions of Maj. Gen. 1776:, and the Confederacy's only remaining major port, 4397:. 10 vols. New York: Review of Reviews Co., 1911. 4291:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2008. 3998: 3996: 3309:Davis, pp. 27–31; Kennedy, p. 352; Salmon, p. 401. 3273:Official Records, Series IV, Vol. III, pp. 1161–62 2623:ended with Lee's surrender to Grant on April 9 at 2027:Siege of Petersburg, Battle of the Crater, July 30 1752:Initial attempts to cut the railroads (June 21–30) 1425:At the siege of Petersburg in June 1864, enslaved 679:bogged down against inferior forces under General 218:Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia 27:For the World War II Siege of St. Petersburg, see 4410:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide 2514:Siege of Petersburg, actions preceding Five Forks 2398: 2059:Sketch of the explosion seen from the Union line. 8938: 7672:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 4614:On to Petersburg: Grant and Lee, June 4–15, 1864 1516:in exchange for their freedom. On March 13, the 1321:, was detached on June 12 for operations in the 710:and entered the area known as the Wilderness of 4595:A Campaign of Giants: The Battle for Petersburg 4480:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. 4328:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1999. 4326:The Petersburg Campaign: June 1864 – April 1865 4276:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957. 4257:Grant and Lee: The Virginia Campaigns 1864–1865 4087:"Dead Artilleryman comments Petersburg Project" 3993: 3812:Trudeau, p. 190; Calkins, np.; Kennedy, p. 362. 3598:Davis, p. 70; Salmon, p. 418; Horn, pp. 107–08. 2882:An alternative classification is maintained by 1392:Comparison between Union and Confederate armies 940:. (The VI Corps was on detached service in the 7496:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 4343:. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 4306:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983. 3318:Davis, p. 33; Kennedy, p. 352; Salmon, p. 403. 2418: 2194: 1736:, commanding the 1st Brigade, First Division, 617:and moved his own headquarters to be with the 557: 8048: 5382: 4698: 4578:Bowery, Charles R. Jr., and Ethan S. Rafuse. 3725: 3723: 2177:division broke through the Confederate line. 2141:and reinforcements were arriving. Brig. Gen. 1272:Lee's Confederate force consisted of his own 488:. Although it is more popularly known as the 306: 92:(9 months, 2 weeks and 2 days) 4599:From the Crossing of the James to the Crater 4412:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. 4386:Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox 4373:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000. 3139:Formely commanded the corps' first division. 2974:Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox 2879:'s American Battlefield Protection Program. 2870: 2434:Fair Oaks and Darbytown Road (October 27–28) 1920:for the supposed security of Reams Station. 1591: 1408: 718:. At the bloody but tactically inconclusive 656:to operate against railroad supply lines in 4567:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2014. 4548:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2012. 4546:The Eastern Front Battles, June–August 1864 3571:Davis, 69–70; Salmon, p. 416; Horn, p. 102. 2897: 1679:Siege of Petersburg, assaults on June 15–18 1307:, which included the division of Maj. Gen. 786:Union order of battle at Boydton Plank Road 8055: 8041: 5389: 5375: 4705: 4691: 4493:The Civil War: A Complete Military History 4425:Richmond Redeemed: The Siege at Petersburg 4206:Death in the Trenches: Grant at Petersburg 4189:The Battle of Petersburg, June 15–18, 1864 3831:NPS, Chaffin's Farm and New Market Heights 3720: 3170: 3153:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWelcher1989 ( 2837:Rebel obstructions in front of Fort Mahone 2463:Siege of Petersburg, actions on October 27 2404:Darbytown and New Market Roads (October 7) 2086:Second Battle of Deep Bottom, August 14–20 1907:) and infantry blocked their path. In the 1495: 770:Union order of battle at First Deep Bottom 766:Union order of battle at Second Petersburg 613:in immediate command of all forces in the 313: 299: 4714:Eastern theater of the American Civil War 4580:Guide to the Richmond–Petersburg Campaign 4559:Bearss, Edwin C., with Bryce A. Suderow. 4394:The Photographic History of the Civil War 4208:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1986. 2988: 2523:to join Grant as well. Lee had Maj. Gen. 1093:, including the divisions of Brig. Gens. 1053:, including the divisions of Brig. Gens. 1035:, including the divisions of Brig. Gens. 992:, including the divisions of Brig. Gens. 954:, including the divisions of Brig. Gens. 928:, including the divisions of Brig. Gens. 902:, including the divisions of Brig. Gens. 583:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 8368:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act 8358:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 5585:Treatment of slaves in the United States 4240:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. 4225:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 3821:Trudeau, pp. 195–201; Davis, pp. 110–15. 3030:"Civil War Battle Summaries by Campaign" 2984: 2982: 2573: 2509: 2458: 2440:Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road 2410:Battle of Darbytown and New Market Roads 2204: 2081: 2054: 2022: 1983:, which was supplying Richmond from the 1966: 1957:First Battle of Deep Bottom (July 27–29) 1922: 1845: 1797: 1674: 1601: 1433:, while African Americans fought in the 1412: 1357:, including the divisions of Maj. Gens. 1335:, including the divisions of Maj. Gens. 1287:, including the divisions of Maj. Gens. 592: 320: 7328:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 5500:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 3637: 3553:Salmon, pp. 414–15; Starr, pp. 197–204. 3148: 3034:American Battlefield Protection Program 2376:Peebles Farm (September 30 – October 2) 2012: 1971:First Battle of Deep Bottom, July 27–29 1645:and USCTs from Hinks's 3rd Division of 1606:Richmond–Petersburg Theater, fall 1864 1492:, livery stable keepers, and caterers. 782:Union order of battle at Chaffin's Farm 14: 8939: 7313:Modern display of the Confederate flag 5396: 4204:, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3040:from the original on November 11, 2017 2190:Operations against the Weldon Railroad 1587:Initial attempts to capture Petersburg 1027:(initially - June 15, 1864), Maj. Gen 944:from mid-July to early December 1864.) 673:political rather than military reasons 8967:Battles commanded by Ulysses S. Grant 8036: 7531: 6920: 6484: 5707: 5510:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 5408: 5370: 4686: 4002:Horn, pp. 215–16; Salmon, pp. 467–68. 3981:Korn, pp. 36–38; Trudeau, pp. 342–43. 3619: 3327:Trudeau, pp. 38–39; Davis, pp. 37–39. 3269: 3267: 2979: 1824:Wilson–Kautz Raid (June 22 – July 1) 970:(the latter division being manned by 778:Union order of battle at Globe Tavern 576: 294: 8526:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant 8277:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo 8062: 4427:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981. 4302:Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. 4191:. Lincoln, NE: Potomac Books, 2015. 3526:Longacre, p. 289; Starr, pp. 181–91. 3490:Kennedy, p. 354; Trudeau, pp. 80–81. 3176:Trudeau, pp. 495–501; Welsh, p. 118. 2634: 2361:New Market Heights (September 29–30) 1870:and Black's and White's (modern-day 1532: 687:. Sigel was soundly defeated at the 7667:Committee on the Conduct of the War 7343:United Daughters of the Confederacy 4678:VI Corps breakthrough at Petersburg 4093:from the original on August 3, 2020 4038:from the original on April 22, 2019 3869:NPS, Darbytown and New Market Roads 3462:Salmon, p. 406; Trudeau, pp. 63–65. 3233: 1975:In preparation for the forthcoming 1850:Wilson–Kautz Raid, June 22 – July 1 1665:Meade's assaults (June 15–18, 1864) 1108:Cavalry Division, under Brig. Gen. 774:Union order of battle at the Crater 24: 7737:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 7532: 7076:impeachment managers investigation 5455:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 4531: 4440:The Union Cavalry in the Civil War 3671:Davis, p. 95; Trudeau, pp. 142–43. 3264: 2476:Hatcher's Run (February 5–7, 1865) 2449:Boydton Plank Road (October 27–28) 1742:1st Maine Heavy Artillery Regiment 1724:and 67,000 Federals were present. 1065:(the latter also a USCT division). 870:The Army of the Potomac included: 754: 724:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House 621:(still commanded by Major General 263: 25: 8978: 8709:Grant Cottage State Historic Site 8433:Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 7162:Reconstruction military districts 5610:Abolitionism in the United States 5565:Plantations in the American South 5480:Origins of the American Civil War 4642: 4238:West Point Atlas of American Wars 4176:. Washington, DC: Regnery, 2004. 3907:NPS, Fair Oaks and Darbytown Road 3580:Horn, p. 103; Salmon, pp. 416–18. 2993:. Civil War Trust. Archived from 2955:Battles of the American Civil War 2894:conforms to this classification. 2287: 2072:Second Deep Bottom (August 14–20) 1788:Jerusalem Plank Road (June 21–23) 1781: 8952:Sieges of the American Civil War 8920: 8919: 8093:Grant and the American Civil War 8016: 8007: 8006: 7145:Enforcement Act of February 1871 7118:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 5283: 5247: 4511: This article incorporates 4506: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4105: 4079: 4059: 2950:Armies in the American Civil War 2945:Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant 2929: 2854: 2842: 2830: 2818: 2809: 2800: 2791: 2782: 2773: 2764: 2755: 2746: 2737: 2725: 2712: 2696: 2684: 2668: 2653: 2641: 2592:Union breakthrough at Petersburg 2356:Union offensives, late September 2325:Beefsteak Raid (September 14–17) 2263:Second Reams Station (August 25) 1758:Richmond and Petersburg Railroad 1570: 1447: 1250: 1232: 1214: 1196: 1178: 1160: 1016:The Army of the James included: 837: 819: 801: 539:Richmond and Petersburg Railroad 492:, it was not a classic military 420:Darbytown & New Market Roads 262: 255: 64: 41:Battle of the American Civil War 7930:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 7792:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 7353:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 4762:Potomac blockade (Oct–Jan 1862) 4341:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 4050: 4024: 4015: 4005: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3938: 3919: 3900: 3881: 3862: 3843: 3824: 3815: 3806: 3796: 3787: 3778: 3769: 3766:Davis, p. 104; Trudeau, p. 173. 3760: 3750: 3741: 3732: 3717:2,901 Union, 1,500 Confederate. 3710: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3655: 3646: 3628: 3610: 3601: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3538: 3529: 3520: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3428: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3339: 3330: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3294: 3285: 3276: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3179: 3161: 3133: 3124: 3115: 3106: 3097: 2909:Petersburg National Battlefield 2269:Second Battle of Ream's Station 1883:Battle of Staunton River Bridge 1834:Battle of Staunton River Bridge 1512:and batteries around the city. 1151: 1008:, reflecting their role in the 792: 480:was a series of battles around 8077:President of the United States 7033:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 4902:Garnett's & Golding's Farm 3088: 3079: 3070: 3061: 3052: 3022: 3009: 2966: 2732:Fortifications and bomb proofs 2399:Actions near Richmond, October 1860:Richmond and Danville Railroad 1842:First Battle of Ream's Station 1794:Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road 1148: 1138: 789: 695:. Banks was distracted by the 430:Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road 13: 1: 8323:Specie Payment Resumption Act 7448:Ladies' Memorial Associations 7150:Enforcement Act of April 1871 7046:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 6921: 4753:Carolina coast blockade (Aug) 4738:Chesapeake blockade (May–Jun) 4166: 3371:Fuller, p. 226; Davis, p. 43. 3291:Salmon, p. 395; Davis, p. 27. 2430:lines along New Market Road. 1933:First Battle of Reams Station 571: 90:June 9, 1864 – March 25, 1865 8197:State of the Union addresses 7581:Confederate revolving cannon 7323:Sons of Confederate Veterans 7194:South Carolina riots of 1876 7172:Indian Council at Fort Smith 7123:South Carolina riots of 1876 7088:Knights of the White Camelia 5580:Slavery in the United States 4259:. New York: Scribner, 1983. 4172:Bonekemper, Edward H., III. 3360:National Park Service marker 2569: 2455:Battle of Boydton Plank Road 2078:Second Battle of Deep Bottom 1442:United States Colored Troops 978:replaced Burnside after the 972:United States Colored Troops 478:Richmond–Petersburg campaign 464:Richmond–Petersburg campaign 74:, chief of artillery of the 18:Richmond–Petersburg Campaign 7: 8766:1922 Grant Memorial coinage 7935:New York City riots of 1863 7760:Battle Hymn of the Republic 7511:United Confederate Veterans 7348:Children of the Confederacy 7338:United Confederate Veterans 7333:Southern Historical Society 6485: 5965:Price's Missouri Expedition 5435:Timeline leading to the War 5409: 5049:Operations against Plymouth 2922: 2419:Darbytown Road (October 13) 2195:Globe Tavern (August 18–21) 1976: 1963:First Battle of Deep Bottom 1892:Battle of Trevilian Station 1734:Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain 1671:Second Battle of Petersburg 1152:Key Confederate commanders 1145:Confederate order of battle 10: 8983: 8462:Naturalization Act of 1870 8353:U.S. Department of Justice 8313:General Mining Act of 1872 7903:Confederate Secret Service 7491:Grand Army of the Republic 7383:Grand Army of the Republic 7201:Southern Claims Commission 5347:Gettysburg-Newark Lowlands 4667:Siege of Petersburg Online 4358:. New York: Viking, 2002. 4271:Fuller, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. 4158:American Battlefield Trust 2917:American Battlefield Trust 2871:Classifying the campaigns 2560:Third Battle of Petersburg 2503: 2479: 2452: 2437: 2422: 2407: 2379: 2364: 2328: 2266: 2198: 2096:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania 2075: 2041:48th Pennsylvania Infantry 2016: 1960: 1827: 1791: 1778:Wilmington, North Carolina 1668: 1631:former Virginia governor, 1598:First Battle of Petersburg 1595: 1142: 763: 586: 580: 33: 26: 8898: 8819: 8786: 8664: 8646: 8605: 8535: 8517: 8494: 8393: 8373:Yellowstone National Park 8336: 8293:Public Credit Act of 1869 8285: 8247: 8150: 8085: 8070: 8002: 7978: 7891:Confederate States dollar 7863: 7805: 7750: 7702:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 7697:Emancipation Proclamation 7659: 7591:Medal of Honor recipients 7548: 7544: 7527: 7479:Confederate Memorial Hall 7461: 7440: 7398: 7370: 7361: 7281:Confederate Memorial Hall 7254:Confederate History Month 7234:Civil War Discovery Trail 7214: 7135:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 6966: 6941:Reconstruction Amendments 6931: 6927: 6916: 6838: 6707: 6700: 6640: 6504: 6497: 6493: 6480: 6422: 6169: 6162: 5993: 5849: 5808: 5776: 5743: 5736: 5732: 5703: 5600: 5550:Emancipation Proclamation 5518: 5419: 5415: 5404: 5334: 5313: 5306: 5282: 5245: 5238: 5188: 5165: 5156: 5076: 5035: 5026: 5001: 4960: 4951: 4859: 4806: 4797: 4769: 4729: 4720: 4540:, with Bryce A. Suderow. 4339:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. 3036:. National Park Service. 2937:American Civil War portal 2121:, commanded by Maj. Gen. 1981:Virginia Central Railroad 1658:11th Pennsylvania Cavalry 1592:Butler's assault (June 9) 1409:Role of African Americans 1274:Army of Northern Virginia 714:, beginning the six-week 459: 332: 250: 235: 222: 215:Army of Northern Virginia 199: 170: 153: 82: 63: 55: 50: 8575:Ulysses S. Grant Cottage 8477:Civil Rights Act of 1875 8385:Electoral Commission Act 8363:Civil Service Commission 7965:U.S. Sanitary Commission 7876:Battlefield preservation 7782:Marching Through Georgia 7707:Hampton Roads Conference 7682:Confiscation Act of 1862 7677:Confiscation Act of 1861 7453:U.S. national cemeteries 7259:Confederate Memorial Day 7244:Civil War Trails Program 7113:New Orleans riot of 1866 5089:Spotsylvania Court House 4814:Burnside's NC Expedition 4657:The Battle of Petersburg 2960: 2898:Battlefield preservation 2425:Battle of Darbytown Road 2382:Battle of Peebles's Farm 2367:Battle of Chaffin's Farm 2094:was burning the town of 1909:Battle of Sappony Church 1838:Battle of Sappony Church 1625:Bermuda Hundred campaign 1452:At the beginning of the 1380:, and Brigadier General 1051:William F. "Baldy" Smith 1010:Valley Campaigns of 1864 759: 720:Battle of the Wilderness 685:Bermuda Hundred Campaign 281:Location within Virginia 8445:Enforcement Act of 1870 7886:Confederate war finance 7506:Southern Cross of Honor 7474:1938 Gettysburg reunion 7469:1913 Gettysburg reunion 7167:Reconstruction Treaties 7140:Enforcement Act of 1870 7023:Freedman's Savings Bank 5640:Lane Debates on Slavery 5465:Lincoln–Douglas debates 4649:Petersburg Campaign in 4561:The Petersburg Campaign 4542:The Petersburg Campaign 4255:Frassanito, William A. 3926:NPS, Boydton Plank Road 2913:Pamplin Historical Park 2482:Battle of Hatcher's Run 2186:casualties were 1,500. 1496:Serving the Confederacy 863:, under Meade, and the 683:before Richmond in the 8736:Ohio Statehouse statue 8450:Second Enforcement Act 8413:Native American policy 8142:Commanding generalship 7945:Richmond riots of 1863 7871:Baltimore riot of 1861 7651:U.S. Military Railroad 7571:Confederate Home Guard 7303:Historiographic issues 7269:Historical reenactment 5768:Revenue Cutter Service 5635:William Lloyd Garrison 5544:Dred Scott v. Sandford 5226:Appomattox Court House 4757:McClellan's operations 4513:public domain material 4130:Esposito, maps 138–44. 4032:"Civil War talk Forum" 3212:Davis, pp. 18, 49, 64. 2888:Atlas of American Wars 2865:, Library of Congress) 2863:Liljenquist collection 2625:Appomattox Court House 2583: 2534:Napoleon B. McLaughlen 2515: 2506:Battle of Fort Stedman 2464: 2227: 2210: 2201:Battle of Globe Tavern 2087: 2060: 2028: 1972: 1944:maneuvered around the 1928: 1851: 1803: 1774:Weldon, North Carolina 1702:Howlett defensive line 1700:his defenses from the 1680: 1619: 1422: 1006:Army of the Shenandoah 598: 550:Appomattox Court House 171:Commanders and leaders 8911:Rutherford B. Hayes → 8348:Judiciary Act of 1869 8298:Copyright Act of 1870 8192:Judicial appointments 7910:Great Revival of 1863 7787:Maryland, My Maryland 7576:Confederate railroads 7239:Civil War Roundtables 7108:Meridian riot of 1871 7103:Memphis riots of 1866 5660:George Luther Stearns 5645:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 5538:Crittenden Compromise 4651:Encyclopedia Virginia 4524:National Park Service 4457:Trudeau, Noah Andre. 4236:Esposito, Vincent J. 4187:Chick, Sean Michael. 3362:for Parker's battery. 2905:National Park Service 2877:National Park Service 2577: 2513: 2504:Further information: 2480:Further information: 2462: 2453:Further information: 2438:Further information: 2423:Further information: 2408:Further information: 2380:Further information: 2365:Further information: 2329:Further information: 2302:Lee ordered Lt. Gen. 2299:Dinwiddie Court House 2267:Further information: 2223: 2208: 2199:Further information: 2085: 2076:Further information: 2058: 2026: 2017:Further information: 2013:The Crater (July 30) 1970: 1961:Further information: 1926: 1849: 1828:Further information: 1801: 1792:Further information: 1768:in the west; and the 1678: 1669:Further information: 1605: 1596:Further information: 1468:in Virginia 89% were 1417:A portion of the 4th 1416: 1378:William H. C. Whiting 1143:Further information: 793:Key Union commanders 764:Further information: 728:Battle of Cold Harbor 596: 587:Further information: 496:, in which a city is 358:Staunton River Bridge 236:Casualties and losses 123:37.21833°N 77.37778°W 8871:Ulysses S. Grant III 8853:Ulysses S. Grant Jr. 8847:Frederick Dent Grant 8829:Hannah Simpson Grant 8679:Presidential library 8504:Bid for a third term 8303:Currency Act of 1870 8257:Treaty of Washington 7797:Daar kom die Alibama 7712:National Union Party 7388:memorials to Lincoln 7308:Lost Cause mythology 7013:Eufaula riot of 1874 7001:Confederate refugees 6214:District of Columbia 5841:Union naval blockade 5687:Underground Railroad 5475:Nullification crisis 4968:Tidewater operations 4850:Goldsboro Expedition 4423:Sommers, Richard J. 4369:Longacre, Edward G. 4139:Trudeau, pp. 355–98. 3130:Trudeau, pp. 492–95. 3094:Trudeau, pp. 486–92. 2337:Grant's headquarters 2019:Battle of the Crater 1977:Battle of the Crater 1900:Jerusalem Plank Road 1868:Nottoway Court House 1581:Depot Field Hospital 1547:Battle of the Crater 1522:General Order No. 14 1518:Confederate Congress 1055:William T. H. Brooks 980:Battle of the Crater 900:Gouverneur K. Warren 689:Battle of New Market 660:; and Major General 562:Battle of the Crater 512:forces commanded by 482:Petersburg, Virginia 348:Jerusalem Plank Road 278:class=notpageimage| 102:Petersburg, Virginia 8947:Petersburg Campaign 8883:Ulysses S. Grant IV 8859:Jesse Root Grant II 8788:Cultural depictions 8751:U.S. Postage stamps 8741:Philadelphia statue 8721:U.S. Capitol statue 8308:Funding Act of 1870 8165:Second inauguration 8123:Richmond–Petersburg 7955:Supreme Court cases 7722:Radical Republicans 7501:Old soldiers' homes 7485:Confederate Veteran 7411:artworks in Capitol 7130:Reconstruction acts 6991:Colfax riot of 1873 5955:Richmond-Petersburg 5560:Fugitive slave laws 5490:Popular sovereignty 5470:Missouri Compromise 5460:Kansas-Nebraska Act 4593:Greene, A. Wilson. 4478:The Eastern Theater 4287:Greene, A. Wilson. 4056:Frassanito, p. 360. 4021:Bonekemper, p. 323. 3888:NPS, Darbytown Road 2621:Appomattox Campaign 2580:Appomattox Campaign 2489:Andrew A. Humphreys 2319:South Side Railroad 2163:W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee 2104:Richard H. Anderson 1942:Williams C. Wickham 1896:Andrew A. Humphreys 1817:1st Vermont Brigade 1764:, which reached to 1762:South Side Railroad 1480:prospered there as 1440:as soldiers of the 1438:Army of the Potomac 1403:Appomattox campaign 1363:W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee 1285:Richard H. Anderson 1261:Richard H. Anderson 994:Alfred T.A. Torbert 879:Winfield S. Hancock 861:Army of the Potomac 619:Army of the Potomac 490:siege of Petersburg 324:Siege of Petersburg 206:Army of the Potomac 194:P. G. T. Beauregard 128:37.21833; -77.37778 119: / 76:Army of the Potomac 51:Siege of Petersburg 8800:(2002 documentary) 8746:San Francisco bust 8697:General Grant tree 8318:Timber Culture Act 8160:First inauguration 7776:A Lincoln Portrait 7717:Politicians killed 7641:U.S. Balloon Corps 7636:Union corps badges 7416:memorials to Davis 7286:Disenfranchisement 7157:Reconstruction era 7038:Timber Culture Act 6996:Compromise of 1877 5960:Franklin–Nashville 5630:Frederick Douglass 5533:Cornerstone Speech 5450:Compromise of 1850 5398:American Civil War 5144:Boydton Plank Road 4882:Seven Days Battles 4472:Welcher, Frank J. 4438:Starr, Stephen Z. 4354:Lankford, Nelson. 4250:West Point website 4153:2023-05-15 at the 4117:2005-04-09 at the 4072:2019-04-02 at the 4067:Petersburg Project 3950:2009-05-14 at the 3945:NPS, Hatcher's Run 3931:2009-05-14 at the 3912:2009-05-14 at the 3893:2009-05-14 at the 3874:2009-05-14 at the 3855:2009-05-14 at the 3836:2009-05-14 at the 3662:1,491 Confederate. 2584: 2562:on April 2, 1865. 2516: 2465: 2242:Samuel W. Crawford 2211: 2147:George T. Anderson 2117:On August 13, the 2112:Culpeper, Virginia 2088: 2061: 2033:siege of Vicksburg 2029: 1973: 1929: 1852: 1804: 1681: 1620: 1562:15 of the 25 total 1454:American Civil War 1423: 1382:Alfred H. Colquitt 1353:, under Maj. Gen. 1309:Bushrod R. Johnson 1133:Hopewell, Virginia 1089:, under Maj. Gen. 1071:, under Maj. Gen. 1059:John H. Martindale 1049:, under Maj. Gen. 1025:Quincy A. Gillmore 1023:, under Maj. Gen. 990:Philip H. Sheridan 988:, under Maj. Gen. 964:Orlando B. Willcox 950:, under Maj. Gen. 924:, under Maj. Gen. 912:Samuel W. Crawford 898:, under Maj. Gen. 877:, under Maj. Gen. 697:Red River Campaign 662:Nathaniel P. Banks 654:William W. Averell 639:Joseph E. Johnston 611:William T. Sherman 599: 589:American Civil War 577:Military situation 521:Richmond, Virginia 514:Lieutenant General 486:American Civil War 435:Boydton Plank Road 394:2nd Ream's Station 368:1st Ream's Station 165:Confederate States 58:American Civil War 36:Peninsula campaign 29:Siege of Leningrad 8934: 8933: 8815: 8814: 8808:(2020 miniseries) 8773:Grant High School 8490: 8489: 8272:Korean Expedition 8030: 8029: 7998: 7997: 7994: 7993: 7828:Italian Americans 7813:African Americans 7770:John Brown's Body 7523: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7436: 7435: 7274:Robert E. Lee Day 7018:Freedmen's Bureau 6981:Brooks–Baxter War 6912: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6904: 6903: 6696: 6695: 6476: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6467: 5885:Northern Virginia 5831:Trans-Mississippi 5804: 5803: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5591:Uncle Tom's Cabin 5528:African Americans 5364: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5352:Shenandoah Valley 5342:Cumberland Valley 5302: 5301: 5294:Northern Virginia 5234: 5233: 5152: 5151: 5104:Trevilian Station 5022: 5021: 4947: 4946: 4832:Northern Virginia 4793: 4792: 4622:978-0-8071-6747-2 4607:978-1-4696-3857-7 4588:978-0-7006-1960-3 4573:978-1-61121-104-7 4554:978-1-61121-090-3 4452:978-0-8071-3292-0 4384:Marvel, William. 4334:978-1-58097-024-2 4297:978-1-57233-610-0 4202:Davis, William C. 3850:NPS, Peebles Farm 3260:on March 6, 2005. 2635:Additional images 2551:John F. Hartranft 2288:Wilson–Kautz Raid 2175:Alfred H. Terry's 2171:John R. Chambliss 2143:Francis C. Barlow 2125:, and Brig. Gen. 2100:Joseph B. Kershaw 2039:, commanding the 1985:Shenandoah Valley 1938:Lunsford L. Lomax 1913:Matthew C. Butler 1905:John R. Chambliss 1830:Wilson–Kautz Raid 1782:Wilson–Kautz Raid 1714:John F. Hartranft 1633:Brigadier General 1611: Confederate 1558:Army of the James 1533:Serving the Union 1466:African Americans 1427:African Americans 1371:Robert Ransom Jr. 1331:, under Lt. Gen. 1323:Shenandoah Valley 1317:, under Lt. Gen. 1297:Joseph B. Kershaw 1289:George E. Pickett 1283:, under Lt. Gen. 1270: 1269: 1189:P.G.T. Beauregard 1079:, and Brig. Gen. 942:Shenandoah Valley 926:Horatio G. Wright 890:Francis C. Barlow 865:Army of the James 857: 856: 716:Overland Campaign 681:P.G.T. Beauregard 677:Army of the James 637:, defeat General 548:and surrender at 471: 470: 353:Wilson–Kautz Raid 289: 288: 246:25,000 desertions 244:28,000 (estimate) 241:42,000 (estimate) 231:60,000 (estimate) 210:Army of the James 149: 148: 16:(Redirected from 8974: 8923: 8922: 8904:← Andrew Johnson 8889:Julia Dent Grant 8835:Jesse Root Grant 8797:Ulysses S. Grant 8778:U.S. Grant Hotel 8662: 8661: 8590:speeding arrests 8563:White Haven home 8482:Page Act of 1875 8455:Ku Klux Klan Act 8440:Enforcement Acts 8245: 8244: 8080: 8064:Ulysses S. Grant 8057: 8050: 8043: 8034: 8033: 8020: 8010: 8009: 7833:Native Americans 7818:German Americans 7611:Partisan rangers 7606:Official Records 7546: 7545: 7529: 7528: 7421:memorials to Lee 7368: 7367: 6929: 6928: 6918: 6917: 6705: 6704: 6502: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6482: 6481: 6455:Washington, D.C. 6249:Indian Territory 6209:Dakota Territory 6167: 6166: 6084:Chancellorsville 5875:Jackson's Valley 5865:Blockade runners 5741: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5705: 5704: 5665:Thaddeus Stevens 5655:Lysander Spooner 5615:Susan B. Anthony 5417: 5416: 5406: 5405: 5391: 5384: 5377: 5368: 5367: 5311: 5310: 5287: 5252: 5251: 5243: 5242: 5163: 5162: 5043:Valley campaigns 5033: 5032: 5009:Chancellorsville 4974:Chancellorsville 4958: 4957: 4907:Savage's Station 4892:Beaver Dam Creek 4820:Jackson's Valley 4804: 4803: 4742:Western Virginia 4727: 4726: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4612:Rhea, Gordon C. 4538:Bearss, Edwin C. 4527: 4510: 4509: 4491:Welsh, Douglas. 4408:Salmon, John S. 4220:Eicher, David J. 4161: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4122: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4083: 4077: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3955: 3942: 3936: 3923: 3917: 3904: 3898: 3885: 3879: 3866: 3860: 3847: 3841: 3828: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3785: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3730: 3729:Trudeau, p. 159. 3727: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3681: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3652:Kennedy, p. 356. 3650: 3644: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3617: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3527: 3524: 3518: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3319: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3282:Welcher, p. 504. 3280: 3274: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3256:. Archived from 3250: 3231: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3195: 3194:Trudeau, p. 501. 3192: 3186: 3185:Trudeau, p. 227. 3183: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3167:Trudeau, p. 485. 3165: 3159: 3158: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3122: 3121:Trudeau, p. 491. 3119: 3113: 3112:Trudeau, p. 490. 3110: 3104: 3103:Trudeau, p. 489. 3101: 3095: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3026: 3020: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2997:on July 11, 2013 2986: 2977: 2972:William Marvel, 2970: 2939: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2858: 2846: 2834: 2822: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2759: 2750: 2741: 2729: 2716: 2700: 2688: 2672: 2657: 2645: 2619:. The resulting 2590:on April 1, the 2350:Henry Davies Jr. 2311:Cadmus M. Wilcox 2295:Dinwiddie County 2139:Cadmus M. Wilcox 2135:Charles W. Field 2127:David McM. Gregg 1946:2nd Ohio Cavalry 1917:Thomas L. Rosser 1616: 1610: 1399:Washington, D.C. 1341:Cadmus M. Wilcox 1301:James Longstreet 1293:Charles W. Field 1254: 1236: 1225:Richard S. Ewell 1218: 1207:James Longstreet 1200: 1182: 1164: 1149: 1121:Appomattox Manor 1095:Charles J. Paine 1077:Thomas M. Harris 1037:Robert S. Foster 998:David McM. Gregg 960:Robert B. Potter 952:Ambrose Burnside 930:David A. Russell 867:, under Butler. 841: 823: 812:Ulysses S. Grant 805: 790: 748:Appomattox River 746:its site on the 701:Atlanta Campaign 533:'s army and the 517:Ulysses S. Grant 466: 327: 325: 315: 308: 301: 292: 291: 266: 265: 259: 177:Ulysses S. Grant 134: 133: 131: 130: 129: 124: 120: 117: 116: 115: 112: 84: 83: 68: 48: 47: 21: 8982: 8981: 8977: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8972: 8971: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8930: 8894: 8891:(granddaughter) 8811: 8782: 8726:Brooklyn relief 8715:The Peacemakers 8660: 8642: 8601: 8531: 8513: 8496:Post-presidency 8486: 8428:Great Sioux War 8389: 8380:Post Office Act 8339: 8332: 8328:Desert Land Act 8286:Economic policy 8281: 8243: 8146: 8086:Military career 8081: 8072: 8066: 8061: 8031: 8026: 7990: 7974: 7859: 7823:Irish Americans 7801: 7746: 7655: 7646:U.S. Home Guard 7586:Field artillery 7540: 7539: 7515: 7457: 7432: 7394: 7363: 7357: 7249:Civil War Trust 7216: 7210: 7098:Ethnic violence 7083:Kirk–Holden war 6962: 6923: 6900: 6834: 6692: 6636: 6489: 6464: 6418: 6171: 6158: 5989: 5970:Sherman's March 5950:Bermuda Hundred 5845: 5800: 5772: 5728: 5727: 5691: 5650:J. Sella Martin 5620:James G. Birney 5596: 5514: 5440:Bleeding Kansas 5428: 5411: 5400: 5395: 5365: 5356: 5330: 5298: 5278: 5246: 5230: 5196:2nd Fort Fisher 5184: 5148: 5119:2nd Deep Bottom 5072: 5055:Bermuda Hundred 5018: 4997: 4943: 4912:White Oak Swamp 4855: 4789: 4765: 4716: 4711: 4661:Civil War Trust 4645: 4534: 4532:Further reading 4516: 4507: 4169: 4164: 4155:Wayback Machine 4147: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4119:Wayback Machine 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4074:Wayback Machine 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3952:Wayback Machine 3943: 3939: 3933:Wayback Machine 3924: 3920: 3914:Wayback Machine 3905: 3901: 3895:Wayback Machine 3886: 3882: 3876:Wayback Machine 3867: 3863: 3857:Wayback Machine 3848: 3844: 3838:Wayback Machine 3829: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3721: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3252: 3251: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3221:Eicher, p. 806. 3220: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3203:Eicher, p. 680. 3202: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3043: 3041: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3014: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2989:Chris Calkins. 2987: 2980: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2900: 2873: 2866: 2859: 2850: 2847: 2838: 2835: 2826: 2823: 2814: 2805: 2796: 2787: 2778: 2769: 2760: 2751: 2742: 2733: 2730: 2721: 2717: 2708: 2705:Thomas C. Roche 2701: 2692: 2689: 2680: 2673: 2664: 2658: 2649: 2646: 2637: 2572: 2508: 2502: 2484: 2478: 2457: 2451: 2442: 2436: 2427: 2421: 2412: 2406: 2401: 2384: 2378: 2369: 2363: 2358: 2333: 2327: 2280:Nelson A. Miles 2271: 2265: 2238:Romeyn B. Ayres 2234:Charles Griffin 2219:Abraham Lincoln 2203: 2197: 2192: 2123:David B. Birney 2080: 2074: 2037:Henry Pleasants 2021: 2015: 1965: 1959: 1844: 1826: 1796: 1790: 1770:Weldon Railroad 1754: 1673: 1667: 1618: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1594: 1589: 1573: 1565:Medals of Honor 1535: 1506:Charles Dimmock 1498: 1450: 1411: 1394: 1386:Bushrod Johnson 1343:and Brig. Gen. 1264: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1147: 1141: 1091:Godfrey Weitzel 1073:Edward O.C. Ord 1063:Edward W. Hinks 1033:Alfred H. Terry 1029:David B. Birney 1002:James H. Wilson 956:James H. Ledlie 934:Thomas H. Neill 916:Lysander Cutler 908:Romeyn B. Ayres 904:Charles Griffin 851: 850: 848:Benjamin Butler 846: 842: 833: 832: 830:George G. Meade 828: 824: 815: 814: 810: 806: 788: 762: 757: 755:Opposing forces 666:Mobile, Alabama 627:Benjamin Butler 623:George G. Meade 607:Abraham Lincoln 591: 585: 579: 574: 474: 473: 472: 467: 461: 455: 454: 403: 392: 383:2nd Deep Bottom 373:1st Deep Bottom 328: 323: 321: 319: 285: 284: 283: 282: 280: 274: 273: 272: 271: 267: 245: 217: 208: 192: 185:Benjamin Butler 183: 179: 127: 125: 121: 118: 113: 110: 108: 106: 105: 104: 91: 69: 42: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8980: 8970: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8932: 8931: 8929: 8928: 8915: 8914: 8907: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8892: 8886: 8880: 8874: 8868: 8862: 8856: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8825: 8823: 8817: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8809: 8801: 8792: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8731:Chicago statue 8728: 8723: 8718: 8711: 8706: 8705: 8704: 8694: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8674:Grant Memorial 8670: 8668: 8659: 8658: 8652: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8625: 8624: 8623: 8618: 8609: 8607: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8539: 8537: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8529: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8500: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8437: 8436: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8418:"Peace Policy" 8410: 8409: 8408: 8401:Reconstruction 8397: 8395: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8344: 8342: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8289: 8287: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8253: 8251: 8249:Foreign policy 8242: 8241: 8240: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8178: 8177: 8167: 8162: 8156: 8154: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8144: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8089: 8087: 8083: 8082: 8071: 8068: 8067: 8060: 8059: 8052: 8045: 8037: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8014: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7996: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7988: 7982: 7980: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7970:Women soldiers 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7925:Naming the war 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7895: 7894: 7893: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7867: 7865: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7857: 7856: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7809: 7807: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7756: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7561:Campaign Medal 7558: 7552: 7550: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7536:Related topics 7533: 7525: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7465: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7437: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7402: 7400: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7374: 7372: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7283: 7278: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7264:Decoration Day 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7220: 7218: 7217:Reconstruction 7212: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7197: 7196: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7127: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7071:second inquiry 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7043: 7042: 7041: 7035: 7028:Homestead Acts 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7009: 7008: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6976:Alabama Claims 6972: 6970: 6968:Reconstruction 6964: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6956:15th Amendment 6953: 6951:14th Amendment 6948: 6946:13th Amendment 6937: 6935: 6925: 6924: 6914: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6711: 6709: 6702: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6577:J. E. Johnston 6574: 6572:A. S. Johnston 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6512:R. H. Anderson 6508: 6506: 6499: 6491: 6490: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6374:South Carolina 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6349:North Carolina 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6175: 6173: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6074:Fredericksburg 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6014:Wilson's Creek 6011: 6006: 6000: 5998: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5854: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5826:Lower Seaboard 5823: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5747: 5738: 5730: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5682:Harriet Tubman 5679: 5678: 5677: 5670:Charles Sumner 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5524: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5505:States' rights 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5420: 5413: 5412: 5402: 5401: 5394: 5393: 5386: 5379: 5371: 5362: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5317: 5315: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5255: 5253: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5223: 5221:Sailor's Creek 5218: 5216:3rd Petersburg 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5176: 5169: 5167: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5134:Chaffin's Farm 5131: 5129:3rd Winchester 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5109:2nd Petersburg 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5069:(Jun–Mar 1865) 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5039: 5037: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5011: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4964: 4962: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4939:Fredericksburg 4936: 4931: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4847: 4844:Fredericksburg 4841: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4817: 4810: 4808: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4776: 4774: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4735: 4733: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4710: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4669: 4664: 4654: 4644: 4643:External links 4641: 4640: 4639: 4636:978-1594161490 4628: 4610: 4591: 4576: 4557: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4528: 4504: 4489: 4470: 4455: 4436: 4421: 4406: 4389: 4382: 4367: 4352: 4337: 4322: 4315: 4300: 4285: 4268: 4253: 4234: 4217: 4199: 4197:978-1612347127 4185: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4104: 4078: 4058: 4049: 4023: 4014: 4004: 3992: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3937: 3918: 3899: 3880: 3861: 3842: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3795: 3786: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3749: 3740: 3731: 3719: 3709: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3654: 3645: 3636: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3600: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3546: 3537: 3528: 3519: 3510: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3427: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3338: 3329: 3320: 3311: 3302: 3293: 3284: 3275: 3263: 3232: 3230:Welsh, p. 118. 3223: 3214: 3205: 3196: 3187: 3178: 3169: 3160: 3151:, p. 455. 3141: 3132: 3123: 3114: 3105: 3096: 3087: 3078: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3021: 3008: 2978: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2924: 2921: 2899: 2896: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2817: 2815: 2808: 2806: 2799: 2797: 2790: 2788: 2781: 2779: 2772: 2770: 2763: 2761: 2754: 2752: 2745: 2743: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2709: 2702: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2683: 2681: 2674: 2667: 2665: 2659: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2617:North Carolina 2571: 2568: 2525:John B. Gordon 2501: 2498: 2477: 2474: 2450: 2447: 2435: 2432: 2420: 2417: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2377: 2374: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2331:Beefsteak Raid 2326: 2323: 2264: 2261: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2155:William Mahone 2102:from Lt. Gen. 2092:Jubal A. Early 2073: 2070: 2014: 2011: 1958: 1955: 1825: 1822: 1813:Lewis A. Grant 1789: 1786: 1753: 1750: 1666: 1663: 1654:U.S. Route 301 1613: 1607: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1572: 1569: 1534: 1531: 1497: 1494: 1449: 1446: 1410: 1407: 1393: 1390: 1375:Robert F. Hoke 1367: 1366: 1348: 1345:William Mahone 1326: 1319:Jubal A. Early 1312: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1257: 1256: 1249: 1247: 1239: 1238: 1231: 1229: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1211: 1203: 1202: 1195: 1193: 1185: 1184: 1177: 1175: 1167: 1166: 1159: 1154: 1153: 1140: 1137: 1123:, the home of 1114: 1113: 1106: 1103:Edward A. Wild 1099:William Birney 1084: 1081:Charles Devens 1066: 1044: 1014: 1013: 983: 968:Edward Ferrero 945: 938:Truman Seymour 919: 893: 855: 854: 853: 852: 844: 843: 836: 834: 826: 825: 818: 816: 808: 807: 800: 795: 794: 761: 758: 756: 753: 743:pontoon bridge 732:Mechanicsville 722:(May 5–7) and 641:, and capture 581:Main article: 578: 575: 573: 570: 566:Chaffin's Farm 506:trench warfare 502:fortifications 469: 468: 462:also known as 460: 457: 456: 453: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 425:Darbytown Road 422: 417: 412: 407: 405:Chaffin's Farm 401: 399:Beefsteak Raid 396: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 363:Sappony Church 360: 355: 350: 345: 343:2nd Petersburg 340: 338:1st Petersburg 334: 333: 330: 329: 318: 317: 310: 303: 295: 287: 286: 276: 275: 269: 268: 261: 260: 254: 253: 252: 251: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 220: 219: 212: 202: 201: 200:Units involved 197: 196: 187: 173: 172: 168: 167: 162: 156: 155: 151: 150: 147: 146: 140: 136: 135: 100: 98: 94: 93: 88: 80: 79: 61: 60: 53: 52: 46: 45: 40: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8979: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8927: 8926: 8917: 8916: 8913: 8912: 8908: 8906: 8905: 8901: 8900: 8897: 8890: 8887: 8884: 8881: 8878: 8877:Chapman Grant 8875: 8872: 8869: 8866: 8863: 8860: 8857: 8854: 8851: 8848: 8845: 8842: 8839: 8836: 8833: 8830: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8818: 8807: 8806: 8802: 8799: 8798: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8703: 8700: 8699: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8690:General Grant 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8663: 8657: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8645: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8604: 8598: 8595: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8516: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8441: 8438: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8399: 8398: 8396: 8394:Social policy 8392: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8335: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8284: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8246: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8176: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8143: 8140: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8098:Fort Donelson 8096: 8095: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8084: 8078: 8075: 8069: 8065: 8058: 8053: 8051: 8046: 8044: 8039: 8038: 8035: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8013: 8005: 8004: 8001: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7977: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7940:Photographers 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7915:Gender issues 7913: 7911: 7908: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7743: 7742:War Democrats 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7732:Union Leagues 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7631:Turning point 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7601:Naval battles 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7366: 7364:and memorials 7360: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7224:Commemoration 7222: 7221: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7066:first inquiry 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7044: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7003: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6986:Carpetbaggers 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6919: 6915: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6479: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6409:West Virginia 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6329:New Hampshire 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6289:Massachusetts 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6029:Hampton Roads 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6019:Fort Donelson 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5915:Morgan's Raid 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5860:Anaconda Plan 5858: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5848: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5836:Pacific Coast 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5570:Positive good 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5485:Panic of 1857 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5445:Border states 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5385: 5380: 5378: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189:Major battles 5187: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077:Major battles 5075: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002:Major battles 5000: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4867:Hampton Roads 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860:Major battles 4858: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4768: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4703: 4701: 4696: 4694: 4689: 4688: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4627: 4626:online review 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4514: 4505: 4502: 4501:1-890221-01-5 4498: 4494: 4490: 4487: 4486:0-253-36453-1 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4467:0-8071-1861-3 4464: 4460: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4433:0-385-15626-X 4430: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4418:0-8117-2868-4 4415: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4403:0-7835-5726-4 4400: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4379:0-8117-1049-1 4376: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4364:0-670-03117-8 4361: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4349:0-395-74012-6 4346: 4342: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4312:0-252-00918-5 4309: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4282:0-253-13400-5 4279: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4265:0-684-17873-7 4262: 4258: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4232: 4231:0-684-84944-5 4228: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4214:0-8094-4776-2 4211: 4207: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4182:0-89526-062-X 4179: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4136: 4127: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4112:NPS campaigns 4108: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4062: 4053: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4018: 4008: 3999: 3997: 3987: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3922: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3884: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3865: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3799: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3726: 3724: 3713: 3704: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3668: 3658: 3649: 3640: 3631: 3622: 3613: 3607:Horn, p. 108. 3604: 3595: 3589:Horn, p. 107. 3586: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3550: 3541: 3532: 3523: 3514: 3505: 3496: 3487: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3450: 3441: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3352:Interstate 95 3349: 3342: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3268: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3227: 3218: 3209: 3200: 3191: 3182: 3173: 3164: 3156: 3150: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3118: 3109: 3100: 3091: 3082: 3073: 3064: 3055: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3018: 3012: 3001:September 27, 2996: 2992: 2985: 2983: 2975: 2969: 2965: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2927: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2878: 2864: 2857: 2852: 2845: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2728: 2723: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2699: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2663: 2656: 2651: 2644: 2639: 2638: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2547:John G. Parke 2542: 2538: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2521:the Carolinas 2512: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2490: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2461: 2456: 2446: 2441: 2431: 2426: 2416: 2411: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2389:John G. Parke 2383: 2373: 2368: 2353: 2351: 2346: 2345:James Dearing 2342: 2338: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2270: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2250:John G. Parke 2246: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2207: 2202: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2084: 2079: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2025: 2020: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1969: 1964: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1800: 1795: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1749: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1725: 1723: 1717: 1715: 1709: 1705: 1703: 1697: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1677: 1672: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1636:Henry A. Wise 1634: 1628: 1626: 1604: 1599: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1571:At City Point 1568: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1448:In Petersburg 1445: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1420: 1415: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1351:Cavalry Corps 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1262: 1253: 1248: 1244: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1171:Robert E. Lee 1163: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1136: 1134: 1131:, but is now 1130: 1126: 1125:Richard Eppes 1122: 1117: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1041:Adelbert Ames 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 986:Cavalry Corps 984: 981: 977: 976:John G. Parke 974:). Maj. Gen. 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 946: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 920: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 894: 891: 888: 884: 880: 876: 873: 872: 871: 868: 866: 862: 849: 840: 835: 831: 822: 817: 813: 804: 799: 798: 797: 796: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 752: 749: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 708:Rapidan River 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 667: 663: 659: 658:West Virginia 655: 651: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 605: 595: 590: 584: 569: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 531:Robert E. Lee 529: 526: 522: 518: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 465: 458: 451: 448: 446: 445:Hatcher's Run 443: 441: 440:Trent's Reach 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 410:Peebles' Farm 408: 406: 402: 400: 397: 395: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 335: 331: 326: 316: 311: 309: 304: 302: 297: 296: 293: 279: 258: 249: 243: 240: 239: 234: 230: 227: 226: 221: 216: 213: 211: 207: 204: 203: 198: 195: 191: 190:Robert E. Lee 188: 186: 182: 178: 175: 174: 169: 166: 163: 161: 158: 157: 152: 144: 141: 138: 137: 132: 103: 99: 96: 95: 89: 86: 85: 81: 77: 73: 72:Henry J. Hunt 67: 62: 59: 54: 49: 44: 37: 30: 19: 8918: 8909: 8902: 8865:Nellie Grant 8803: 8795: 8713: 8689: 8656:Bibliography 8597:Grant's Tomb 8585:Horsemanship 8553:Boyhood home 8524: 8467:Comstock Act 8262: 7881:Bibliography 7864:Other topics 7806:By ethnicity 7774: 7727:Trent Affair 7626:Signal Corps 7483: 7206:White League 7093:Ku Klux Klan 7006:Confederados 6933:Constitution 6805:D. D. Porter 6658:Breckinridge 6369:Rhode Island 6364:Pennsylvania 6119:Spotsylvania 6079:Stones River 6059:2nd Bull Run 6009:1st Bull Run 5954: 5895:Stones River 5796:Marine Corps 5763:Marine Corps 5602:Abolitionism 5589: 5542: 5206:Fort Stedman 5124:Globe Tavern 4929:2nd Bull Run 4922:Malvern Hill 4897:Gaines' Mill 4872:Williamsburg 4785:1st Bull Run 4650: 4613: 4598: 4594: 4579: 4564: 4560: 4545: 4541: 4518: 4492: 4477: 4473: 4458: 4443: 4439: 4424: 4409: 4393: 4385: 4370: 4355: 4340: 4325: 4324:Horn, John. 4318: 4317:Hess, Earl. 4303: 4288: 4273: 4256: 4237: 4222: 4205: 4188: 4173: 4144: 4135: 4126: 4107: 4095:. Retrieved 4081: 4065:See website 4061: 4052: 4040:. 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K. Smith 6498:Confederate 6445:New Orleans 6440:Chattanooga 6304:Mississippi 6204:Connecticut 6172:territories 6163:Involvement 6124:Cold Harbor 6114:Fort Pillow 6104:Chattanooga 6099:Chickamauga 6049:Seven Pines 6039:New Orleans 6004:Fort Sumter 5945:Valley 1864 5778:Confederacy 5575:Slave Power 5555:Fire-Eaters 5326:Susquehanna 5321:Monongahela 5314:Departments 5201:Bentonville 5139:Cedar Creek 5099:Cold Harbor 4980:Gettysburg 4877:Seven Pines 4780:Fort Sumter 3356:Google Maps 3015:Earl Hess, 2886:; in their 2825:Fort Mahone 2720:foreground. 2677:Alfred Waud 2662:Alfred Waud 2494:John Pegram 2284:John Gibbon 2276:Stony Creek 1685:XVIII Corps 1647:XVIII Corps 1617: Union 1549:, July 30. 1488:, boatmen, 1486:blacksmiths 1462:Confederacy 1431:Confederacy 1329:Third Corps 1299:. Lt. Gen. 1281:First Corps 1139:Confederate 1047:XVIII Corps 883:John Gibbon 739:James River 675:. Butler's 664:to capture 647:Brig. 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Gen. 572:Background 270:Petersburg 114:77°22′40″W 111:37°13′06″N 8761:$ 50 bill 8666:Memorials 8606:Elections 8423:Modoc War 8108:Vicksburg 7898:Espionage 7692:Diplomacy 7660:Political 7616:POW camps 7362:Monuments 7189:Scalawags 7184:Redeemers 6922:Aftermath 6871:Pinkerton 6810:Rosecrans 6775:McClellan 6678:Memminger 6414:Wisconsin 6379:Tennessee 6299:Minnesota 6274:Louisiana 6149:Nashville 6094:Vicksburg 6024:Pea Ridge 5975:Carolinas 5930:Red River 5925:Knoxville 5905:Tullahoma 5900:Vicksburg 5880:Peninsula 5852:campaigns 5718:Campaigns 5495:Secession 5335:Landforms 5307:Geography 5181:(Mar–Apr) 5175:(Dec–Feb) 5166:Campaigns 5063:(May–Jun) 5051:(Apr–May) 5036:Campaigns 4994:(Nov–Dec) 4988:(Oct–Nov) 4982:(Jun–Jul) 4976:(Apr–May) 4970:(Mar–Apr) 4961:Campaigns 4887:Oak Grove 4846:(Nov–Dec) 4834:(Jul-Sep) 4828:(Mar–Jul) 4826:Peninsula 4822:(Mar–Jun) 4816:(Feb–Jun) 4807:Campaigns 4759:(Oct–Dec) 4744:(Jun–Dec) 4731:Campaigns 4042:April 22, 3757:captured. 3348:Dutch Gap 2604:A.P. 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Gen. 604:President 508:in which 498:encircled 8925:Category 8837:(father) 8831:(mother) 8756:Currency 8636:election 8621:election 8175:Grantism 8170:Scandals 8118:Overland 8012:Category 7853:Seminole 7843:Cherokee 7596:Medicine 7549:Military 7462:Veterans 7296:Jim Crow 7061:timeline 6856:Ericsson 6839:Civilian 6820:Sheridan 6780:McDowell 6740:Farragut 6725:Burnside 6715:Anderson 6708:Military 6688:Stephens 6648:Benjamin 6641:Civilian 6527:Buchanan 6505:Military 6450:Richmond 6399:Virginia 6344:New York 6319:Nebraska 6309:Missouri 6294:Michigan 6284:Maryland 6269:Kentucky 6244:Illinois 6219:Delaware 6199:Colorado 6184:Arkansas 6144:Franklin 6064:Antietam 5935:Overland 5890:Maryland 5809:Theaters 5715:Theaters 5269:Virginia 5061:Overland 4992:Mine Run 4934:Antietam 4917:Glendale 4838:Maryland 4748:Manassas 4151:Archived 4115:Archived 4097:March 5, 4091:Archived 4070:Archived 4036:Archived 3948:Archived 3929:Archived 3910:Archived 3891:Archived 3872:Archived 3853:Archived 3834:Archived 3038:Archived 2923:See also 2610:overran 2599:IX Corps 2179:Wright's 1879:Randolph 1811:General 1693:II Corps 1527:freedman 1510:trenches 1502:Richmond 1478:freedmen 1458:Virginia 1421:Infantry 1258:Lt. 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See 1840:, and 1760:; the 1615: 1609: 1470:slaves 1295:, and 1101:, and 1061:, and 1000:, and 966:, and 936:, and 914:, and 378:Crater 139:Result 8861:(son) 8855:(son) 8849:(son) 8805:Grant 8702:grove 8627:1872 8612:1868 8518:Books 7765:Dixie 7752:Music 7371:Union 7215:Post- 7051:trial 6851:Chase 6846:Adams 6815:Scott 6790:Meigs 6785:Meade 6755:Grant 6745:Foote 6720:Buell 6701:Union 6663:Davis 6607:Price 6597:Mosby 6542:Ewell 6537:Early 6522:Bragg 6384:Texas 6279:Maine 6239:Idaho 5745:Union 5259:James 5057:(May) 4852:(Dec) 4840:(Sep) 4750:(Jul) 4515:from 3254:"NPS" 2961:Notes 2297:; if 1472:. In 1435:Union 760:Union 510:Union 500:with 494:siege 160:Union 143:Union 8692:ship 8568:farm 8536:Life 8237:1876 8232:1875 8227:1874 8222:1873 8217:1872 8212:1871 8207:1870 8202:1869 8074:18th 7950:Salt 7556:Arms 7406:List 7378:List 6891:Wade 6800:Pope 6770:Hunt 6602:Polk 6562:Hood 6557:Hill 6389:Utah 6354:Ohio 6259:Iowa 5791:Navy 5786:Army 5758:Navy 5753:Army 5158:1865 5028:1864 4953:1863 4799:1862 4722:1861 4632:ISBN 4618:ISBN 4603:ISBN 4584:ISBN 4569:ISBN 4550:ISBN 4497:ISBN 4482:ISBN 4463:ISBN 4448:ISBN 4429:ISBN 4414:ISBN 4399:ISBN 4375:ISBN 4360:ISBN 4345:ISBN 4330:ISBN 4308:ISBN 4293:ISBN 4278:ISBN 4261:ISBN 4242:OCLC 4227:ISBN 4210:ISBN 4193:ISBN 4178:ISBN 4099:2020 4044:2019 3481:151. 3358:and 3155:help 3046:2016 3003:2013 2161:and 1940:and 1915:and 1419:USCT 1361:and 1339:and 1186:Gen. 1168:Gen. 1039:and 885:and 652:and 615:West 564:and 476:The 87:Date 6795:Ord 6582:Lee 2339:at 2110:to 1862:at 1815:'s 1529:". 1388:). 8943:: 4624:. 4522:. 4089:. 4034:. 3995:^ 3722:^ 3266:^ 3235:^ 3032:. 2981:^ 2627:. 2472:. 2221:: 1987:. 1836:, 1832:, 1484:, 1456:, 1444:. 1373:, 1291:, 1135:. 1097:, 1057:, 996:, 962:, 958:, 932:, 910:, 906:, 784:, 780:, 776:, 772:, 768:, 668:. 645:; 568:. 8056:e 8049:t 8042:v 5390:e 5383:t 5376:v 4706:e 4699:t 4692:v 4663:) 4638:. 4609:. 4590:. 4575:. 4556:. 4526:. 4503:. 4488:. 4469:. 4454:. 4420:. 4405:. 4381:. 4366:. 4351:. 4336:. 4314:. 4299:. 4284:. 4267:. 4252:. 4233:. 4216:. 4184:. 4101:. 4046:. 3954:. 3935:. 3916:. 3897:. 3878:. 3859:. 3840:. 3157:) 3048:. 3005:. 2679:. 2582:) 1365:. 1347:. 1311:. 1112:. 1105:. 1083:. 1043:. 1012:. 982:. 918:. 892:. 314:e 307:t 300:v 78:. 38:. 31:. 20:)

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