723:
42:
804:
1583:
59:
519:
1571:
1552:
1483:
533:
120:
592:. The adult male sports a pink and black neck ring, and the hen and immature birds of both sexes either show no neck rings, or display shadow-like pale to dark grey neck rings. Both sexes have a distinctive green colour in the wild with a red beak and blue tail, and captive bred ringnecks have multiple colour mutations which include turquoise, cinnamon, olive, white, blue, violet, grey and yellow. Rose-ringed parakeets measure on average 40 cm (16 in) in length, including the tail
242:
796:
617:
95:
781:. First, the bird listens to its surroundings, and then it copies the voice of the human speaker. Some people hand-raise rose-ringed parakeet chicks for this purpose. Such parakeets then become quite tame and receptive to learning. They have extremely clear speech and are one of the best talking parrots.
1454:
There is a feral population of the birds in Japan. In the 1960s many
Japanese people became pet owners for the first time and the parakeet was widely imported as a pet. Some escaped or were released and formed populations around the country. By the 1980s groups could be found in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya,
713:
Seasonal changes in testicular activity, plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and 5 α-dihydrotestosterone (5 α-DHT) were related to pair bond formation, nest building, nest defense, and parental behavior in free living Indian rose-ringed parakeets in northwest India. The
333:
have colonised a number of cities around the world, including populations in
Northern and Western Europe. These parakeets have also proven themselves capable of living in a variety of climates outside their native range, and are able to survive low winter temperatures in Northern Europe. The species
628:
This shows that the risk of parakeet establishment may rise further as a result of decreasing frost days due to global warming, rising urbanization, and rising human populations. Because of the significant separate parakeet imports in Europe, researchers are capable of investigating the widely held
1512:, conspicuous bite wounds have been found in bats caught near rose-ringed parakeet nesting cavities. However, more detailed studies in the Rhineland on this are missing so far. Several authors have reported negative behaviors of the ring-necked parakeet near their nest sites: lethal attacks on a
1507:
declined sharply when the population of rose-ringed parakeets increased 20-fold. The rose-ringed parakeets attacked the greater noctule at tree cavities and occupied most of the cavities previously used by the bats. The attacks by the rose-ringed parakeets often led to the death of the greater
1194:
could endanger populations of native
British birds, and that the rose-ringed parakeet should be culled as a result, although this is not currently recommended by conservation organisations. A major agricultural pest in locations such as India, as of 2011 the rose-ringed parakeet population was
71:
624:
Since the 19th century, the rose-ringed parakeet has successfully colonized many other countries. It breeds further north than any other parrot species. It has established itself on a large scale in
Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, and the UK. See Feral Birds section below.
1930:
Pârâu, Liviu; Strubbe, Diederik; Mori, Emiliano; Menchetti, Mattia; Ancillotto, Leonardo; van
Kleunen, André; White, Rachel; Luna, Álvaro; Hernández-Brito, Dailos; Le Louarn, Marine; Clergeau, Philippe; Albayrak, Tamer; Franz, Detlev; Braun, Michael; Schroeder, Julia; Wink, Michael (2016).
70:
714:
parakeets are able to reproduce in the winter because it allows them to avoid competing with other birds for nesting places, postpone having young during the monsoon season, and take use of the winter pea harvest, which provides the female with extra nutrients for egg formation.
680:
In captivity, rose-ringed parakeets will take a large variety of food and can be fed on a number of fruits, vegetables, pellets, seeds, and even small amounts of cooked meat for protein. Oils, salts, chocolate, alcohol, and other preservatives should be avoided.
735:
819:
A popular pet, the rose-ringed parakeet has been released in a wide range of cities around the world, giving it an environment with few predators where their preferred diet of seeds, nuts, fruits, and berries is available from suburban gardens and
736:
689:
In northwestern India, Indian rose-ringed parakeets form pairs from
September to December. They do not have life mates and often breed with another partner during the following breeding season. During this cold season, they select and defend
654:, grains, and insects. Wild flocks also fly several miles to forage in farmlands and orchards, causing extensive damage. Feral parakeets will regularly visit gardens and other locations near human habitation, taking food from
1582:
1508:
noctule. In 14 years, the number of tree cavities occupied by the greater noctule decreased by 81%. A spatial analysis of tree cavity use showed that the greater noctule tried to avoid cavities near parakeets. In the
2098:
Krishnaprasadan, T. N.; Kotak, Vibhakar C.; Sharp, Peter J.; Schmedemann, Reiner; Haase, Eberhard (1988). "Environmental and hormonal factors in seasonal breeding in free-living male Indian rose-ringed parakeets
1720:
1146:. The winter of 2006 had three separate roosts of about 6000 birds around London. They have also established themselves in Kensington Gardens, Hyde Park, and Regent's Park. A smaller population occurs around
2756:
936:
Its adaptations to cold winters in the
Himalayan foothills allow it to easily withstand European winter conditions. The European populations became established during the mid-to-late 20th century.
596:, a large portion of their total length. Their average single-wing length is about 15 to 17.5 cm (5.9 to 6.9 in). In the wild, this is a noisy species with an unmistakable squawking
737:
1834:
Braun, Michael P.; Datzmann, Thomas; Arndt, Thomas; Reinschmidt, Matthias; Schnitker, Heinz; Bahr, Norbert; Sauer-GüRth, Hedwig; Wink, Michael (2019). "A molecular phylogeny of the genus
1258:) was estimated at 20,000 birds in 2021, double the number of birds estimated in 2010. There also exists a feral population in Belgium, with as many as 5,000 pairs estimated in
1094:. Parakeet numbers have been highest in the south-west of London, although the population has since spread rapidly, and large flocks of birds can be observed in places such as
72:
342:(IUCN) because its population appears to be increasing, but its popularity as a pet and unpopularity with farmers have reduced its numbers in some parts of its native range.
1479:, and are treated as a major potential threat to the country's native bird populations due to their potential to outcompete native parakeet species, and introduce diseases.
2701:
2602:
1724:
2764:
769:
mutation of the rose-ringed parakeet is also commonly kept in aviculture. Birds that display this mutation have solid light blue feathers instead of green.
1528:) in Spain (Hernández-Brito et al. 2014b) and on several competitor and predator species in Spain (Hernández-Brito et al. 2014a). In the Paris area in
2522:
2309:
Menchetti, Mattia; Mori, Emiliano (2014). "Worldwide impact of alien parrots (Aves
Psittaciformes) on native biodiversity and environment: a review".
322:, and is now introduced into many other parts of the world where feral populations have established themselves and are bred for the exotic pet trade.
2790:
1903:
Photographic Guide to the Birds of India: And the Indian
Subcontinent, Including Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutanh, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka & the Maldives
4070:
3821:
325:
One of the few parrot species that have successfully adapted to living in disturbed habitats, it has withstood the onslaught of urbanization and
339:
3899:
4030:
1750:
2225:
2045:
Environmental, dietary, and hormonal factors in the regulation of seasonal breeding in free-living female Indian rose-ringed parakeets
1810:
1551:
4002:
3772:
3540:
1262:. These originate from an original population that was set free in 1974 by the owner of the Meli Zoo and Attraction Park near the
3847:
2948:
2233:
3092:
2259:"An overlooked invader? Ecological niche, invasion success and range dynamics of the Alexandrine parakeet in the invaded range"
3935:
2505:
2372:
1911:
1818:
1668:
1570:
3852:
4055:
1804:
17:
1974:
Strubbe, Diederik; Matthysen, Erik (2009). "Establishment success of invasive ring-necked and monk parakeets in Europe".
1074:, as parakeets compete with the bats for nesting sites, and will attack and kill adults before colonising their habitat.
2737:
1588:
Pet rose-ringed parakeets are available in a wide variety of colours, including yellow, green, white, lavender and cyan.
3720:
2547:
3953:
2974:
765:. Colour mutations of the Indian rose-ringed parakeet subspecies have become widely available in recent years. A blue
3352:
2158:
2904:
2855:
2196:
722:
4065:
3785:
3751:
2485:
1083:
41:
803:
3904:
3764:
3733:
58:
3886:
3668:
1777:
1456:
1660:
Naturalized
Parrots of the World: Distribution, Ecology, and Impacts of the World's Most Colorful Colonizers
1455:
Niigata and Kyushu. Some groups since died out, but as of 2009 there was a large population residing at the
4050:
3587:
1182:. Elsewhere in Britain, smaller feral populations have become established from time to time throughout the
2885:
2422:"Nest-site competition and killing by invasive parakeets cause the decline of a threatened bat population"
3834:
3645:
3259:
3061:
2922:
3121:(extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct, ₴ indicates evidence only from sub-fossils)
518:
4045:
3650:
3264:
3172:
3085:
1635:
119:
939:
A Europe-wide count was held in 2015 and found 85,220 rose-ringed parakeets in 10 European countries.
3614:
2075:
2816:
1744:
1742:
620:
Rose-ringed parakeets in Grabolino National Park making a beak-lock – a common act in parakeet pairs
3420:
3243:
3065:
2702:"Exotische parkieten veroveren Park van Heule, en dat is géén goeie zaak voor onze inheemse vogels"
2576:
1371:
231:
3878:
3440:
3415:
3253:
3233:
3157:
2420:
Hernández-Brito, Dailos; Carrete, Martina; Ibáñez, Carlos; Juste, Javier; Tella, José L. (2018).
2391:
2258:
2224:
Klug, Page E.; Bukoski, William P.; Shiels, Aaron B.; Kluever, Bryan M.; Siers, Shane R. (2019).
1739:
886:(concentrated in the north side of the city). It is also found throughout Lebanon, Israel, Iran,
562:
3800:
2997:"Interference competition between an invasive parakeet and native bird species at feeding sites"
4060:
3826:
3632:
3527:
3495:
1367:
3865:
1901:
1070:
Rose-ringed parakeets are seen as a direct threat to populations of Europe's largest bat, the
3425:
3400:
3078:
2995:
Le Louarn, Marine; Couillens, Bertrand; Deschamps-Cottin, Magali; Clergeau, Philippe (2016).
1658:
1482:
214:
3914:
1929:
3948:
3637:
3601:
3596:
3532:
3435:
3410:
3405:
3394:
3373:
3228:
3198:
3162:
2433:
2318:
2018:
1983:
918:
891:
570:
1691:
8:
4040:
3463:
3378:
3289:
3248:
3223:
3167:
2561:
1612:
1095:
1071:
458:
319:
84:
2437:
2322:
1987:
4035:
3304:
3299:
3192:
3137:
3055:
3021:
2996:
2454:
2421:
2334:
2291:
2128:
1999:
1879:
1091:
589:
532:
254:
114:
894:, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman. A small number of escaped birds are present in Australia.
3681:
3334:
3324:
3294:
3238:
3026:
2501:
2481:
2459:
2368:
2286:
2154:
2120:
2116:
1995:
1907:
1871:
1814:
1664:
703:
597:
3966:
3673:
2860:
2338:
2295:
2201:
2003:
1883:
3993:
3790:
3686:
3518:
3473:
3430:
3344:
3269:
3016:
3008:
2835:
2449:
2441:
2360:
2326:
2281:
2273:
2257:
Ancillotto, Leonardo; Strubbe, Diederik; Menchetti, Mattia; Mori, Emiliano (2015).
2174:
2112:
1991:
1954:
1944:
1863:
1630:
1513:
1211:
1143:
1111:
898:
746:
413:
312:
3922:
3738:
3660:
3339:
3101:
2607:
2364:
2330:
2132:
1504:
1119:
559:
401:
3891:
1949:
3759:
3746:
3452:
3329:
3046:
2146:
1932:
1407:
1323:
1251:
1219:
1195:
growing rapidly, but is generally limited to urban areas in southern England.
1115:
1103:
1099:
901:, originally between varying numbers (according to locality) of the subspecies
879:
750:
694:
sites, thus avoiding competition for sites with other birds. Feeding on winter
605:
435:
3012:
2277:
1867:
1327:
897:
The specimens in these naturalised populations often represent intra-specific
4024:
3860:
3572:
3389:
2840:
2719:
1933:"Rose-ringed parakeet populations and numbers in Europe: A complete overview"
1621:
1355:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1139:
1135:
1107:
1087:
790:
670:
474:
466:
335:
326:
241:
181:
104:
99:
3725:
2603:"Nature Studies: London's beautiful parakeets have a new enemy to deal with"
2043:
Sailaja, R., Kotak, V. C., Sharp, P. J., Schmedemann, R., Haase, E. (1988).
1769:
1287:
674:
3839:
3105:
3030:
2463:
1875:
1533:
1464:
1303:
1175:
925:
831:
778:
766:
758:
727:
662:
601:
330:
2994:
2791:"Que misteriosas aves verdes e estridentes são estas que invadiram Lisboa"
2124:
1435:
1242:
In the Netherlands, the feral population in the four largest urban areas (
580:. Some organisations, including the IUCN, have accepted the new taxonomy.
3873:
3808:
3624:
3581:
3280:
3214:
3203:
3148:
1476:
1291:
1151:
1005:
835:
821:
655:
647:
642:
In the wild, rose-ringed parakeets usually feed on buds, nectar, fruits,
369:
315:
3545:
2682:
2445:
1959:
629:
hypothesis of climate matching and human activity at the species level.
4007:
3961:
3927:
3777:
3364:
3348:
3183:
3070:
2523:"The great green expansion: how ring-necked parakeets took over London"
1359:
1295:
1131:
851:
808:
795:
666:
616:
576:
493:
381:
351:
308:
293:
191:
3813:
3707:
3128:
2631:"Halsbandparkiet verspreidt zich over Amsterdam, met kolonies overal"
2352:
Menchetti, Mattia; Mori, Emiliano; Angelici, Francesco Maria (2016).
2057:
1521:
1509:
1391:
1363:
1319:
1299:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1227:
1187:
1127:
839:
691:
643:
526:
462:
131:
3489:
2630:
2226:"Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series: Rose Ringed Parakeets"
2097:
1899:
1751:"Determination of the origin of British feral Rose-ringed Parakeets"
3987:
3712:
3699:
3566:
3512:
3315:
2757:"Pappagalli verdi, ex "prigionieri" che a Genova volano in libertà"
1475:
Feral rose-ringed parakeets have sporadically been observed around
1460:
1419:
1311:
1259:
1183:
1171:
1155:
1015:
871:
699:
677:
and nest inside palm trees and eat from sunflower and corn fields.
497:
431:
151:
2949:"Indian ring-necked parakeets in NZ: Reporting and identification"
1723:. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). Archived from
1431:
1423:
867:
540:
The Asian subspecies are both larger than the African subspecies.
3940:
3609:
2419:
1500:
1443:
1375:
1283:
1263:
1147:
975:
955:
847:
812:
707:
593:
427:
377:
1529:
1439:
1427:
1403:
1338:
Large populations in France are found especially in and around
1315:
1199:
1163:
1162:. There is also an established population to the North East of
1123:
1035:
985:
965:
887:
883:
863:
859:
855:
470:
409:
405:
385:
373:
301:
171:
141:
2415:
2413:
2354:
Effects of the recent world invasion by ring-necked parakeets
2256:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
477:, and other Western countries. It is often referred to as the
3694:
3114:
1833:
1379:
1339:
1307:
1275:
1167:
1025:
995:
875:
843:
827:
548:
509:
505:
501:
439:
393:
389:
305:
2047:(Psittacula krameri). Hormones and Behavior 22 (4): 518–527.
404:. The African rose-ringed parakeet also started to breed in
2946:
2410:
2086:
1677:
1562:
1351:
1279:
1159:
702:
production. From April to June, they care for their young.
651:
397:
161:
2656:
1354:
is notable for parakeet populations in the gardens of the
924:
Where introduced, rose-ringed parakeets may affect native
913:, along with some inter-specific hybrids with naturalised
2548:"Scotsman – Parakeets Mystery is Causing a Bit of a Flap"
1207:
695:
2223:
461:
and has feral and naturalised populations worldwide, in
2720:"Invasive Alien Species in Belgium: Psittacula krameri"
2359:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 253–266.
1459:'s main campus at Ookayama, along with small groups in
1045:
698:
crops provides the female with nutrients necessary for
1610:
2351:
2821:
in Madeira Island, Portugal – Call for early action"
2500:. London Natural History Society. 2006. p. 93.
1656:
574:, formerly viewed as a synonym of the current genus
400:, it is sometimes seen on the northern coast and in
2153:. London, England: Hermes House. pp. 189–190.
2151:
The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Caged and Aviary Birds
1490:
2884:
1636:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685441A132057695.en
1532:, an attack by a ring-necked parakeet on an adult
396:. Resident along the Nile Valley and certainly in
318:. It has disjunct native ranges in Africa and the
2302:
1900:Bikram Grewal; Bill Harvey; Otto Pfister (2014).
830:populations are established in Europe, the U.S.,
4022:
2817:"Introduced population of ring-necked parakeets
2577:"British Parakeet Boom Is a Mystery, and a Mess"
2058:"Feeding Your Indian Ringneck or Asiatic Parrot"
1973:
858:. Self-sustaining populations are also found in
749:and they have a long history in aviculture. The
2977:Die Halsbandsittich-Population im Rheinland/NRW
2236:'s Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service
1838:sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae:
2902:
2814:
2250:
340:International Union for Conservation of Nature
3385:Rose-ringed parakeet (or ringnecked parakeet)
3086:
2856:"İstanbul'un sevimli misafirleri: Papağanlar"
2657:"Duizenden halsbandparkieten in grote steden"
2345:
2308:
2197:"İstanbul'un sevimli misafirleri: Papağanlar"
1130:. Feral parakeets have also been observed in
799:Rose-ringed parakeets feeding on stored grain
512:; introduced populations are found worldwide.
3374:Alexandrine parakeet (or Alexandrine parrot)
2699:
1806:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1748:
1540:) has been reported (Clergeau et al. 2009).
1274:In Germany, these birds are found along the
1266:who wanted to make Brussels more colourful.
1198:In the United Kingdom and especially within
1186:, Northern England and even as far north as
1086:which is centred on suburban London and the
777:Both males and females have the ability to
669:. In Egypt during the spring, they feed on
568:In 2019, a genetic study revived the genus
354:are recognised, though they differ little:
3093:
3079:
2784:
2782:
2025:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
2019:"Psittacula krameri: rose-ringed parakeet"
1749:Pithon, Josephine; Dytham, Calvin (2001).
1663:. Princeton University Press. p. 55.
1486:Rose-ringed parakeet (female) in New Delhi
240:
93:
57:
40:
3020:
2882:
2839:
2628:
2574:
2453:
2285:
1958:
1948:
1634:
3100:
2923:"Eerie Photos of Feral Parrots in Tokyo"
2788:
2600:
2386:
2384:
2145:
1925:
1923:
1895:
1893:
1778:"Feral Rose-ringed Parakeets in Britain"
1481:
802:
794:
733:
721:
632:
615:
531:
517:
68:
35:Rose-ringed parakeet or ringneck parrot
2979:. NWO-Mitteilungen 55, 2022, pp. 57-58"
2779:
2629:Meershoek, Patrick (22 December 2021).
2234:United States Department of Agriculture
2139:
1802:
1520:) in Italy (Menchetti et al. 2014), on
14:
4071:Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
4023:
2754:
1775:
1715:
1713:
1606:
1604:
1602:
3494:
3493:
3074:
2789:Geraldes, Helena (25 December 2011).
2381:
2016:
1920:
1890:
1809:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1692:"How do parakeets survive in the UK?"
1202:, parakeets face predation by native
745:Rose-ringed parakeets are popular as
3765:6a1b240d-3d51-4d60-ba96-2edba37fa2eb
2920:
2815:Rocha, Ricardo; et al. (2020).
2575:Rosenthal, Elisabeth (13 May 2011).
2520:
1418:In Turkey, there are populations in
1082:There is a burgeoning population of
536:Rose-ringed parakeet near Chandigarh
4031:IUCN Red List least concern species
3051:The Atlas of Southern African Birds
2568:
2562:"Parakeet 'threat' to native birds"
1710:
1622:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1599:
706:are ready to leave the nest before
24:
2903:Raillan Brooks (8 December 2014).
2883:Gordenker, Alice (19 March 2009).
2828:Management of Biological Invasions
1906:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 109.
1796:
1390:In Spain there are populations in
846:. There are stable populations in
412:in the 1980s and is considered an
25:
4082:
3040:
2947:Ministry for Primary Industries.
2601:McCarthy, Michael (8 June 2015).
1721:"Ring-Necked Parakeets in the UK"
1402:There are breeding population in
1278:in all major urban areas such as
604:. They are a herbivorous and non-
2700:Joyce Mesdag (8 February 2019).
2311:Ethology Ecology & Evolution
1996:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02177.x
1854:) with taxonomic implications".
1581:
1569:
1550:
1491:Aggression towards other animals
1422:over 1000 parakeets and also in
1084:feral parakeets in Great Britain
1077:
928:and human economy and wellness.
807:Rose-ringed parakeet feeding on
118:
2988:
2967:
2940:
2876:
2848:
2808:
2748:
2730:
2712:
2693:
2675:
2649:
2622:
2594:
2554:
2540:
2514:
2490:
2470:
2217:
2189:
2167:
2068:
2050:
2037:
2010:
1967:
1611:BirdLife International (2018).
730:mutation parakeet kept as a pet
684:
611:
457:) originates from the southern
420:Abyssinian rose-ringed parakeet
2921:Kail, Ellyn (22 August 2014).
2905:"Tokyo's Got a Parrot Problem"
1827:
1650:
1470:
909:, and/or (to a lesser extent)
784:
583:
13:
1:
2076:"Indian Ring-Necked Parakeet"
1657:Stephen Pruett-Jones (2021).
1593:
1457:Tokyo Institute of Technology
1370:. There are also colonies in
1190:. It has been suggested that
717:
600:. Captive individuals can be
554:, "parrot", and the specific
2763:(in Italian). Archived from
2755:Verner, Aldo (17 May 2012).
2365:10.1007/978-3-319-22246-2_12
2331:10.1080/03949370.2014.905981
2177:. Calm Zoo. 20 December 1977
2117:10.1016/0018-506X(88)90053-0
1937:The Open Ornithology Journal
761:kept the African subspecies
665:, and during winter also on
588:The rose-ringed parakeet is
362:African rose-ringed parakeet
329:. As a popular pet species,
7:
4056:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
3260:Yellow-breasted racket-tail
2663:(in Dutch). 14 January 2010
1950:10.2174/1874453201609010001
1397:
753:kept the Indian subspecies
673:and in summer they feed on
486:boreal rose-ringed parakeet
451:Indian rose-ringed parakeet
345:
10:
4087:
3265:Golden-mantled racket-tail
2521:Hunt, Nick (6 June 2019).
2426:Royal Society Open Science
1543:
1342:but also in other places.
1269:
1237:
788:
772:
558:commemorates the Austrian
3977:
3556:
3502:
3450:
3362:
3313:
3278:
3212:
3181:
3146:
3126:
3112:
3062:Videos, photos and sounds
3013:10.1007/s10164-016-0474-8
2287:10067/1292210151162165141
2278:10.1007/s10530-015-1032-y
1868:10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.8
1803:Jobling, James A (2010).
1629:: e.T22685441A132057695.
1413:
1333:
931:
874:(concentrated in parks),
260:
253:
248:
239:
220:
213:
115:Scientific classification
113:
91:
82:
65:
56:
48:
39:
34:
3244:Blue-crowned racket-tail
3066:Internet Bird Collection
2955:. New Zealand Government
2841:10.3391/mbi.2020.11.3.15
1503:, the population of the
1449:
1385:
1372:Orto Botanico di Palermo
1345:
1290:(about 800 birds),
4066:Birds described in 1769
3457:(probably Psittaculini)
3441:Mascarene grey parakeet
3416:Blossom-headed parakeet
3254:Blue-winged racket-tail
3234:Blue-headed racket-tail
3173:Madarasz's tiger parrot
2498:London Bird Report 2006
2476:Attenborough, D. 1998.
2392:"5000 PAPAĞAN ARAMIZDA"
1976:Journal of Biogeography
661:In India, they feed on
637:
563:Wilhelm Heinrich Kramer
430:, west across northern
2175:"Rose-Ringed Parakeet"
2017:Flory, Ashley (2019).
1776:Morgan, David (1993).
1487:
816:
800:
755:P. krameri manillensis
742:
731:
621:
537:
529:
479:Indian ringneck parrot
249:Original (wild) range
77:
3426:Red-breasted parakeet
3421:Lord Derby's parakeet
3401:Slaty-headed parakeet
3256:(or Sulu racket-tail)
3058:—Oriental Bird Images
2564:. BBC. 22 March 2007.
2105:Hormones and Behavior
1485:
806:
798:
740:
725:
633:Ecology and behaviour
619:
535:
521:
284:), also known as the
75:
3915:rose-ringed-parakeet
3801:rose-ringed-parakeet
3760:Fauna Europaea (new)
3504:Alexandrinus krameri
3436:Long-tailed parakeet
3411:Plum-headed parakeet
3406:Grey-headed parakeet
3229:Mindanao racket-tail
3199:Blue-collared parrot
3163:Painted tiger parrot
3158:Brehm's tiger parrot
2742:Umweltamt Düsseldorf
2266:Biological Invasions
2023:Animal Diversity Web
1615:Alexandrinus krameri
1446:totally over 5,000.
919:Alexandrine parakeet
892:United Arab Emirates
492:) is distributed in
358:African subspecies:
300:, is a medium-sized
286:ring-necked parakeet
276:rose-ringed parakeet
264:Alexandrinus krameri
18:Ring necked parakeet
4051:Birds of South Asia
3464:Broad-billed parrot
3379:Seychelles parakeet
3290:Great-billed parrot
3249:Mindoro racket-tail
3224:Montane racket-tail
3195:(or singing parrot)
3168:Modest tiger parrot
3001:Journal of Ethology
2724:ias.biodiversity.be
2683:"Halsbandparkieten"
2446:10.1098/rsos.172477
2438:2018RSOS....572477H
2323:2014EtEcE..26..172M
1988:2009JBiog..36.2264S
1576:Chicks in tree hole
1378:and in the city of
1096:Crystal Palace Park
915:Psittacula eupatria
547:is a diminutive of
459:Indian subcontinent
320:Indian Subcontinent
85:Conservation status
3967:Psittacula-krameri
3602:Psittacula_krameri
3588:Psittacula krameri
3558:Psittacula krameri
3305:Black-lored parrot
3300:Blue-backed parrot
3193:Red-cheeked parrot
3138:Blue-rumped parrot
2864:. 24 November 2018
2819:Psittacula krameri
2738:"Information page"
2706:Het Laatste Nieuws
2581:The New York Times
2398:. 15 February 2022
2356:Psittacula krameri
2205:. 24 November 2018
2101:Psittacula krameri
2062:Indianringneck.com
1559:Psittacula krameri
1488:
1092:South-East England
817:
801:
779:mimic human speech
763:P. krameri krameri
743:
732:
622:
590:sexually dimorphic
538:
530:
446:Asian subspecies:
424:P. k. parvirostris
384:, east to western
281:Psittacula krameri
224:Psittacula krameri
78:
4046:Parrots of Africa
4018:
4017:
3979:Psittacus krameri
3496:Taxon identifiers
3487:
3486:
3395:Newton's parakeet
3335:Tanimbar eclectus
3325:Moluccan eclectus
3295:Blue-naped parrot
3239:Green racket-tail
2886:"Feral parakeets"
2507:978-0-901009-22-7
2478:The Life of Birds
2374:978-3-319-22246-2
1982:(12): 2264–2278.
1913:978-1-4629-1485-2
1820:978-1-4081-2501-4
1670:978-0-691-20441-3
1518:Nyctalus leisleri
1066:
1065:
741:Mimicry (talking)
738:
523:P. k. manillensis
455:P. k. manillensis
272:
271:
108:
73:
16:(Redirected from
4078:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3970:
3969:
3957:
3956:
3944:
3943:
3931:
3930:
3918:
3917:
3908:
3907:
3895:
3894:
3892:NHMSYS0000530792
3882:
3881:
3869:
3868:
3856:
3855:
3843:
3842:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3816:
3804:
3803:
3794:
3793:
3781:
3780:
3768:
3767:
3755:
3754:
3742:
3741:
3729:
3728:
3716:
3715:
3703:
3702:
3690:
3689:
3677:
3676:
3664:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3641:
3640:
3628:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3615:6B1CFC3CFA400D78
3605:
3604:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3491:
3490:
3474:Rodrigues parrot
3431:Nicobar parakeet
3345:Oceanic eclectus
3270:Buru racket-tail
3095:
3088:
3081:
3072:
3071:
3035:
3034:
3024:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2909:Audubon Magazine
2901:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2825:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2494:
2488:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2317:(2–3): 172–194.
2306:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2263:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2238:(PDF). p. 7
2230:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1952:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1727:on 24 March 2019
1717:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1688:
1675:
1674:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1608:
1585:
1573:
1554:
1538:Sciurus vulgaris
1497:María Luisa Park
1216:Falco peregrinus
1212:peregrine falcon
1210:, including the
1144:Plumstead Common
1112:Wimbledon Common
944:
943:
739:
426:): northwestern
414:invasive species
244:
226:
123:
122:
102:
97:
96:
74:
61:
44:
32:
31:
21:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4006:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3973:
3965:
3960:
3952:
3947:
3939:
3934:
3926:
3923:Observation.org
3921:
3913:
3911:
3903:
3898:
3890:
3885:
3877:
3872:
3864:
3859:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3833:
3825:
3820:
3812:
3807:
3799:
3797:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3771:
3763:
3758:
3750:
3745:
3737:
3732:
3724:
3719:
3711:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3685:
3680:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3657:
3649:
3644:
3636:
3631:
3623:
3621:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3498:
3488:
3483:
3456:
3446:
3358:
3340:Papuan eclectus
3309:
3274:
3208:
3177:
3142:
3122:
3108:
3099:
3043:
3038:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2913:
2911:
2895:
2893:
2891:The Japan Times
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2823:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2787:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2767:on 14 July 2014
2753:
2749:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2698:
2694:
2689:. 19 June 2009.
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2608:The Independent
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2475:
2471:
2418:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2350:
2346:
2307:
2303:
2261:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2147:Alderton, David
2144:
2140:
2096:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2015:
2011:
1972:
1968:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1898:
1891:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1747:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1698:. 22 March 2007
1696:BBC News Online
1690:
1689:
1678:
1671:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1577:
1574:
1565:
1555:
1546:
1505:greater noctule
1493:
1473:
1452:
1416:
1400:
1388:
1358:, the trees of
1348:
1336:
1272:
1240:
1120:Hampstead Heath
1080:
1072:greater noctule
934:
793:
787:
775:
734:
720:
687:
640:
635:
614:
602:taught to speak
586:
543:The genus name
469:(mainly around
380:, and southern
348:
290:ringneck parrot
235:
228:
222:
209:
206:P. krameri
117:
109:
98:
94:
87:
69:
67:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4084:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
3999:
3983:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3958:
3945:
3932:
3919:
3909:
3896:
3883:
3870:
3857:
3844:
3831:
3818:
3805:
3795:
3782:
3769:
3756:
3747:Fauna Europaea
3743:
3730:
3717:
3704:
3691:
3678:
3665:
3655:
3642:
3629:
3619:
3606:
3593:
3578:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3537:
3524:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3478:Necropsittacus
3471:
3468:Lophopsittacus
3460:
3458:
3453:incertae sedis
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Sumba eclectus
3327:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3220:
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3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
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3189:
3187:
3179:
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3160:
3154:
3152:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3059:
3053:
3042:
3041:External links
3039:
3037:
3036:
3007:(3): 291–298.
2987:
2975:"Esther Koch:
2966:
2939:
2875:
2861:Anadolu Ajansı
2847:
2834:(3): 576–587.
2807:
2778:
2747:
2729:
2711:
2692:
2674:
2648:
2621:
2593:
2567:
2553:
2539:
2513:
2506:
2489:
2469:
2409:
2380:
2373:
2344:
2301:
2249:
2216:
2202:Anadolu Ajansı
2188:
2166:
2159:
2138:
2111:(4): 488–496.
2085:
2067:
2049:
2036:
2009:
1966:
1919:
1912:
1889:
1862:(3): 547–562.
1826:
1819:
1795:
1768:
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1549:
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1542:
1492:
1489:
1472:
1469:
1451:
1448:
1415:
1412:
1408:Madeira Island
1399:
1396:
1387:
1384:
1368:Villa Borghese
1347:
1344:
1335:
1332:
1271:
1268:
1239:
1236:
1220:Eurasian hobby
1116:Greenwich Park
1104:Buckhurst Hill
1100:Battersea Park
1079:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
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1021:
1018:
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1008:
1002:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
988:
982:
981:
978:
972:
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968:
962:
961:
958:
952:
951:
948:
933:
930:
786:
783:
774:
771:
759:ancient Romans
751:ancient Greeks
719:
716:
686:
683:
639:
636:
634:
631:
613:
610:
585:
582:
516:
515:
514:
513:
490:P. k. borealis
482:
444:
443:
442:
417:
347:
344:
270:
269:
268:
267:
258:
257:
251:
250:
246:
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196:
189:
185:
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179:
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174:
172:Psittaciformes
169:
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135:
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129:
125:
124:
111:
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89:
88:
83:
80:
79:
63:
62:
54:
53:
51:P. k. borealis
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4083:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:Feral parrots
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
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4009:
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4000:
3995:
3989:
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3897:
3893:
3888:
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3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3709:
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3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:Echo parakeet
3388:
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2928:
2927:Feature Shoot
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2493:
2487:
2483:
2480:. p.298. BBC
2479:
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2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:(5): 172477.
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2397:
2396:Atlas Dergisi
2393:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2362:
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2355:
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2260:
2253:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2220:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2160:1-84309-164-X
2156:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1783:
1782:British Birds
1779:
1772:
1756:
1755:British Birds
1752:
1745:
1743:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
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1637:
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1603:
1598:
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1579:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:Rattus rattus
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Leisler's bat
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:Palatine Hill
1353:
1343:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:birds of prey
1201:
1196:
1193:
1192:feral parrots
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:Epping Forest
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:Bostall Woods
1137:
1136:Bostall Heath
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:, as well as
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:Richmond Park
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Home Counties
1085:
1078:Great Britain
1075:
1073:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
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1017:
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1013:
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853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
823:
814:
810:
805:
797:
792:
791:Feral parrots
782:
780:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
729:
724:
715:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
682:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:cereal grains
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
630:
626:
618:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
581:
579:
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553:
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546:
541:
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528:
524:
520:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
480:
476:
475:United States
472:
468:
467:Great Britain
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:and southern
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:P. k. krameri
363:
360:
359:
357:
356:
355:
353:
343:
341:
337:
336:least concern
334:is listed as
332:
331:escaped birds
328:
327:deforestation
323:
321:
317:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
298:Kramer parrot
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
277:
265:
262:
261:
259:
256:
252:
247:
243:
238:
233:
227:
225:
219:
216:
215:Binomial name
212:
208:
207:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:Psittaculidae
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
121:
116:
112:
106:
101:
100:Least Concern
90:
86:
81:
64:
60:
55:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3978:
3557:
3503:
3477:
3467:
3451:
3384:
3363:
3314:
3279:
3213:
3182:
3147:
3127:
3113:
3106:Psittaculini
3050:
3047:Species text
3004:
3000:
2990:
2976:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2952:
2942:
2930:. Retrieved
2926:
2912:. Retrieved
2908:
2894:. Retrieved
2890:
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2859:
2850:
2831:
2827:
2818:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2794:
2769:. Retrieved
2765:the original
2760:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2695:
2687:De Standaard
2686:
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2660:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2634:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2606:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:
2570:
2556:
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2527:The Guardian
2526:
2516:
2497:
2492:
2486:0563-38792-0
2477:
2472:
2429:
2425:
2400:. Retrieved
2395:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2269:
2265:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2232:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2200:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2169:
2150:
2141:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2022:
2012:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1960:10261/133407
1940:
1936:
1902:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1805:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1781:
1771:
1759:. Retrieved
1754:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1659:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1626:
1620:
1614:
1558:
1537:
1534:red squirrel
1525:
1517:
1496:
1494:
1474:
1453:
1417:
1401:
1389:
1349:
1337:
1304:Ludwigshafen
1273:
1241:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1197:
1176:Theydon Bois
1081:
1069:
1060:
1055:
938:
935:
926:biodiversity
923:
914:
910:
906:
902:
896:
862:, mostly in
832:South Africa
826:
822:bird feeders
818:
776:
767:colour morph
762:
754:
744:
728:colour morph
712:
688:
685:Reproduction
679:
660:
656:bird feeders
641:
627:
623:
612:Distribution
587:
575:
571:Alexandrinus
569:
567:
555:
551:
544:
542:
539:
522:
489:
485:
478:
454:
450:
423:
419:
365:
361:
349:
324:
297:
289:
285:
280:
279:
275:
273:
263:
223:
221:
205:
204:
192:
50:
29:
3874:NatureServe
3809:iNaturalist
3582:Wikispecies
3353:prehistoric
3281:Tanygnathus
3215:Prioniturus
3204:Song parrot
3149:Psittacella
2953:mpi.govt.nz
2800:25 December
2667:22 December
2641:22 December
2614:20 December
2272:(2): 1–13.
2080:Lafeber.com
1848:Tanygnathus
1642:21 February
1477:New Zealand
1471:New Zealand
1328:Zweibrücken
1292:Frankenthal
1232:Strix aluco
1224:F. subbuteo
1152:Broadstairs
1006:Netherlands
903:manillensis
836:Middle East
785:Feral birds
667:pigeon peas
650:, berries,
584:Description
508:to central
500:, northern
392:, north to
370:West Africa
316:Psittacidae
4041:Psittacula
4025:Categories
3994:Q109563430
3962:Xeno-canto
3519:Q110279171
3476:† (genus:
3466:† (genus:
3365:Psittacula
3184:Geoffroyus
2959:8 February
2932:8 February
2914:8 February
2896:8 February
2868:2 February
2637:(in Dutch)
2635:Het Parool
2402:2 February
2209:2 February
1852:Mascarinus
1840:Psittacula
1836:Psittacula
1788:14 October
1761:14 October
1702:14 October
1594:References
1522:black rats
1465:Chiba city
1360:Trastevere
1350:In Italy,
1296:Heidelberg
1288:Düsseldorf
1132:Abbey Wood
852:California
809:sunflowers
789:See also:
757:, and the
718:Aviculture
704:Fledglings
644:vegetables
577:Psittacula
560:naturalist
545:Psittacula
494:Bangladesh
382:Mauritania
352:subspecies
309:Psittacula
294:aviculture
193:Psittacula
4036:Parakeets
3129:Psittinus
2761:Genova.it
2029:18 August
1844:Psittinus
1731:20 August
1510:Rhineland
1436:Balıkesir
1392:Barcelona
1364:Janiculum
1320:Wiesbaden
1300:Ladenburg
1256:The Hague
1248:Rotterdam
1244:Amsterdam
1228:tawny owl
1188:Edinburgh
1128:Berkshire
840:Australia
608:species.
606:migratory
552:psittacus
527:Sri Lanka
463:Australia
311:, of the
296:) or the
200:Species:
138:Kingdom:
132:Eukaryota
3988:Wikidata
3879:2.104018
3866:22685441
3827:10763149
3638:22685441
3633:BirdLife
3622:BioLib:
3567:Wikidata
3546:10992692
3533:22685441
3528:BirdLife
3513:Wikidata
3316:Eclectus
3031:27829702
2464:29892437
2339:84294580
2296:17533751
2149:(2003).
2004:85979303
1943:: 1–13.
1884:91969786
1876:31716534
1557:Eggs of
1461:Maebashi
1420:Istanbul
1398:Portugal
1312:Mannheim
1260:Brussels
1184:Midlands
1172:Loughton
1156:Ramsgate
1016:Portugal
907:borealis
872:Istanbul
671:mulberry
594:feathers
498:Pakistan
432:Ethiopia
346:Taxonomy
255:Synonyms
178:Family:
152:Chordata
148:Phylum:
142:Animalia
128:Domain:
105:IUCN 3.1
4008:7875146
3941:1484552
3778:2479226
3674:bob7120
3610:Avibase
3573:Q208060
3349:extinct
3022:5080312
2795:Público
2455:5990744
2434:Bibcode
2319:Bibcode
2125:3235065
1984:Bibcode
1856:Zootaxa
1813:, 321.
1784:: 561–4
1757:: 74–79
1544:Gallery
1501:Seville
1495:In the
1444:Antalya
1406:and on
1376:Palermo
1366:and at
1284:Cologne
1270:Germany
1264:Atomium
1252:Utrecht
1238:Benelux
1148:Margate
1050:31,100
1010:20,000
980:10,960
976:Germany
960:10,800
956:Belgium
950:Number
947:Country
911:krameri
899:hybrids
880:Tripoli
848:Florida
815:, India
813:Kolkata
773:Mimicry
726:A blue
708:monsoon
556:krameri
473:), the
438:state,
428:Somalia
378:Senegal
338:by the
304:in the
266:(valid)
234:, 1769)
232:Scopoli
188:Genus:
168:Order:
158:Class:
103: (
3912:NZBO:
3853:177650
3798:GNAB:
3734:EURING
3713:PSICKR
3700:rorpar
3661:rorpar
3102:Tribus
3056:Photos
3029:
3019:
2771:6 July
2661:nos.nl
2586:14 May
2532:8 June
2504:
2484:
2462:
2452:
2371:
2337:
2294:
2181:27 May
2157:
2131:
2123:
2002:
1910:
1882:
1874:
1817:
1667:
1530:France
1440:Ankara
1428:Manisa
1414:Turkey
1404:Lisbon
1334:France
1316:Speyer
1226:) and
1200:London
1164:London
1124:Surrey
1118:, and
1061:99,080
1040:5,000
1036:Turkey
1030:3,000
1000:9,170
990:1,000
986:Greece
970:7,250
966:France
932:Europe
890:, the
888:Jordan
884:Tehran
864:Ankara
860:Turkey
856:Hawaii
834:, the
471:London
436:Sennar
416:there.
410:Jordan
406:Israel
386:Uganda
374:Guinea
313:family
302:parrot
66:Female
3954:14840
3840:45158
3822:IRMNG
3814:18911
3752:97020
3726:15619
3721:EUNIS
3695:eBird
3687:4PKCM
3658:BOW:
3625:22120
3347:† ₴ (
3115:Genus
2982:(PDF)
2824:(PDF)
2335:S2CID
2292:S2CID
2262:(PDF)
2242:1 May
2229:(PDF)
2133:51919
2129:S2CID
2000:S2CID
1880:S2CID
1450:Japan
1432:Muğla
1424:İzmir
1386:Spain
1380:Genoa
1346:Italy
1340:Paris
1324:Worms
1308:Mainz
1276:Rhine
1168:Essex
1056:Total
1026:Spain
996:Italy
917:(the
876:Tunis
868:İzmir
844:Japan
828:Feral
675:dates
652:seeds
549:Latin
510:Burma
506:Nepal
502:India
440:Sudan
402:Sinai
394:Egypt
390:Sudan
350:Four
306:genus
49:Male
4003:GBIF
3936:OBIS
3905:9228
3900:NCBI
3861:IUCN
3848:ITIS
3791:1540
3786:GISD
3773:GBIF
3739:7120
3708:EPPO
3651:9992
3646:BOLD
3541:GBIF
3027:PMID
2961:2023
2934:2023
2916:2023
2898:2023
2870:2024
2802:2011
2773:2015
2669:2021
2643:2021
2616:2017
2588:2011
2534:2023
2502:ISBN
2482:ISBN
2460:PMID
2404:2024
2369:ISBN
2244:2024
2211:2024
2183:2020
2155:ISBN
2121:PMID
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