2200:
2189:
910:
1349:"Testing extinction events and temporal shifts in diversification and fossilization rates through the skyline Fossilized Birth-Death (FBD) model: The example of some mid-Permian synapsid extinctions"
946:/Roadian boundary. Studies using higher-resolution stratigraphic data and the fossilized birth-death model suggest that this even is actually a slow decline over 20 Ma that started in the
1430:
1569:
628:
1562:
1125:
Proposal of
Guadalupian and Component Roadian, Wordian and Capitanian Stages as International Standards for the Middle Permian Series
1437:
557:
507:
817:
stage, another stage needed to be introduced. This stage, the
Roadian Stage, was established in 1968 and took its name from the
456:
1555:
1298:"Distributions of extinction times from fossil ages and tree topologies: the example of mid-Permian synapsid extinctions"
942:), but the temporal resolution of most studies only indicates that this possible extinction event indicates around the
1409:
2238:
1117:
Glenister, B.F.; Wardlaw, B.R.; Lambert, L.L.; Spinosa, C.; Bowring, S.A.; Erwin, D.H.; Menning, M. & Wilde, G.L.
891:). The top of the Roadian (the base of the Wordian Stage) is at the first appearance of fossils of conodont species
474:
863:
2233:
2228:
709:
646:
1241:"Olson's Gap or Olson's Extinction? A Bayesian tip-dating approach to resolving stratigraphic uncertainty"
1578:
546:
1851:
1846:
1423:
959:
283:
931:
702:
609:
1404:
973:
904:
840:
The base of the
Roadian is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of
818:
778:
492:
1051:
763:
591:
1192:"Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian"
8:
2182:
853:
632:
1190:
Brocklehurst, Neil; Day, Michael O.; Rubidge, Bruce S.; Fröbisch, Jörg (12 April 2017).
1332:
1273:
1224:
1167:
1142:
1096:
Pennsylvanian and
Permian rocks in the Parry Islands Group, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
751:
1980:
1944:
1378:
1370:
1319:
1278:
1260:
1211:
1172:
2223:
2074:
1949:
1918:
1715:
1360:
1327:
1309:
1268:
1252:
1219:
1203:
1162:
1154:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2043:
1939:
1877:
1772:
1741:
1710:
822:
801:
In 1961, the regional timescale used for the southeastern US had the
Wordian and
774:
30:
2199:
2193:
2012:
1882:
1777:
1746:
830:
691:
617:
323:
1547:
2217:
1913:
1903:
1872:
1835:
1767:
1736:
1531:
1526:
1374:
1323:
1264:
1215:
1134:
878:
865:
759:
724:
711:
661:
648:
640:
581:
414:
405:
247:
61:
1412:
at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
1191:
2204:
2135:
1985:
1908:
1382:
1282:
1256:
1207:
1176:
1158:
914:
935:
2130:
1999:
1975:
1820:
1615:
1464:
1240:
1019:
806:
771:
303:
36:
1314:
2125:
2085:
2028:
1928:
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1515:
1489:
1459:
963:
920:
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396:
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292:
81:
46:
2188:
1365:
934:, a worldwide loss of terrestrial vertebrate life occurred during the
2140:
2090:
2064:
2023:
1970:
1815:
1791:
1672:
1662:
1651:
1494:
1484:
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909:
813:
led to the conclusion that between the
Wordian stage and the Russian
786:
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86:
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91:
66:
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1667:
810:
422:
1189:
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first appears. The global reference profile for the base (the
1143:"Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time"
977:
967:
924:
857:
826:
809:
the
Permian stratigraphy of the southeastern US with that of
636:
849:
834:
770:. It is the earliest or lower of three subdivisions of the
1340:
1289:
1245:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
1196:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
1183:
1147:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
1140:
829:, formerly considered the lower (oldest) part of the
107:
1296:Didier, Gilles; Laurin, Michel (9 December 2021).
833:. The stage was added to the internationally used
1232:
2215:
1577:
805:as subdivisions of the Guadalupian. Efforts to
781:. The Roadian lasted between 273.01 and 266.9
1563:
1431:
950:and that may have extended into the Roadian.
1347:Didier, Gilles; Laurin, Michel (June 2024).
1346:
1295:
1238:
1044:Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.
506:Subdivision of the Permian according to the
1005:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
991:
513:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
1570:
1556:
1438:
1424:
1014:
1012:
1364:
1331:
1313:
1272:
1223:
1166:
852:) is located in Stratotype Canyon in the
1024:International Commission on Stratigraphy
908:
1009:
2216:
1141:Sahney, S. & Benton, M.J. (2008).
503:
457:Permian-Triassic mass extinction event
1551:
1419:
953:
482:
464:
446:
2169:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
1410:Upper Paleozoic stratigraphic chart
1239:Brocklehurst, Neil (10 June 2020).
1064:Glenister, B.F. & Furnish, W.M.
13:
2173:= megaannum (millions years ago);
1445:
1072:The Permian ammonoids of Australia
14:
2250:
2177:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1398:
705:, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, USA
2198:
2187:
34:
796:
475:end-Capitanian extinction event
1110:
1107:Furnish & Glenister (1968)
1101:
1081:
1057:
1037:
445:
1:
1616:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
1393:
1098:, Report of activities, field
984:
930:Some studies suggested that
923:from the Glass Mountains of
29:273.01 ± 0.14 – 266.9 ± 0.4
7:
1579:Geological history of Earth
846:Jinogondolella nankingensis
618:Jinogondolella nanginkensis
504:
217:
10:
2255:
1852:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1847:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1611:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1405:GeoWhen Database - Roadian
1074:, Journal of Paleontology
1048:A Geologic Time Scale 2004
902:
16:Fifth stage of the Permian
2164:
2149:
2136:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
2113:
2073:
2042:
2011:
1998:
1986:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1958:
1927:
1891:
1860:
1834:
1803:
1790:
1755:
1724:
1698:
1685:
1650:
1624:
1598:
1585:
1453:
919:, a reef-forming Roadian
785:. It was preceded by the
740:
698:
686:Upper boundary definition
685:
677:
624:
606:Lower boundary definition
605:
597:
587:
577:
572:
564:
552:
542:
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529:
524:
105:
100:
26:
21:
2239:Permian geology of Texas
2131:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
1976:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1821:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1673:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1663:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
1020:"GSSP for Roadian Stage"
110:
2126:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
2091:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
2086:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
2029:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1919:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1826:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1637:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
960:Cherry Canyon Formation
898:
893:Jinogondolella aserrata
692:Jinogondolella aserrata
213:−250 —
203:−255 —
193:−260 —
183:−265 —
173:−270 —
163:−275 —
153:−280 —
143:−285 —
133:−290 —
123:−295 —
113:−300 —
2096:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
2065:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
2024:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
1971:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1816:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1642:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
1257:10.1098/rspb.2020.0154
1208:10.1098/rspb.2017.0231
1159:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370
927:
879:31.87667°N 104.87667°W
783:million years ago (Ma)
2234:Permian North America
2229:Permian geochronology
2101:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
2060:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
1981:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1668:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
974:Road Canyon Formation
912:
905:Category:Roadian life
819:Road Canyon Formation
2141:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
2034:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1914:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1904:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
1052:Cambridge University
1003:www.stratigraphy.org
884:31.87667; -104.87667
789:and followed by the
725:31.8658°N 104.8328°W
689:FAD of the Conodont
662:31.8767°N 104.8768°W
2196: •
2185: •
2183:Geologic time scale
1945:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1909:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1878:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1773:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1742:Middle (164–174 Ma)
1315:10.7717/peerj.12577
875: /
854:Guadalupe Mountains
837:timescale in 2001.
741:Upper GSSP ratified
721: /
699:Upper boundary GSSP
678:Lower GSSP ratified
658: /
633:Guadalupe Mountains
625:Lower boundary GSSP
598:Time span formality
2194:Geology portal
2055:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1950:Early (470–485 Ma)
1883:Early (393–419 Ma)
1778:Early (247–252 Ma)
1747:Early (174–201 Ma)
1716:Early (100–145 Ma)
1711:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1251:(1928): 20200154.
1202:(1852): 20170231.
999:"Chart/Time Scale"
954:Notable formations
932:Olson’s Extinction
928:
752:geologic timescale
730:31.8658; -104.8328
667:31.8767; -104.8768
588:Stratigraphic unit
578:Chronological unit
565:Time scale(s) used
493:Olson's Extinction
2211:
2210:
2109:
2108:
2075:Paleoproterozoic
1994:
1993:
1940:Late (444–458 Ma)
1873:Late (359–383 Ma)
1786:
1785:
1768:Late (201–237 Ma)
1737:Late (145–164 Ma)
1681:
1680:
1602:(present–2.58 Ma)
1590:(present–66.0 Ma)
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1366:10.1111/cla.12577
936:Early Guadalupian
748:
747:
629:Stratotype Canyon
538:Usage information
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2205:World portal
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2044:Mesoproterozoic
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1153:(1636): 759–65.
1138:
1132:
1118:
1114:
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1078:(4), pp 673–736.
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2013:Neoproterozoic
2003:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
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2000:Proterozoic Eon
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1088:Nassichuk, W.W.
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823:Brewster County
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1836:Carboniferous
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1657:
1654:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
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1639:
1633:
1631:
1628:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1622:
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1447:Permian Period
1443:
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1414:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1399:External links
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1359:(3): 282–306.
1339:
1288:
1231:
1182:
1133:
1127:, Permophiles
1109:
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1080:
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1036:
1008:
989:
988:
986:
983:
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981:
971:
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952:
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831:Word Formation
798:
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746:
745:
742:
738:
737:
703:Guadalupe Pass
700:
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568:ICS Time Scale
566:
562:
561:
554:
553:Regional usage
550:
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543:Celestial body
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530:Name formality
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191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
103:
102:
98:
97:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2251:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2112:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
2010:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1792:Paleozoic Era
1789:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:(66.0–145 Ma)
1697:
1694:
1692:
1690:(66.0–252 Ma)
1684:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1533:
1532:Changhsingian
1530:
1528:
1527:Wuchiapingian
1525:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1000:
994:
990:
979:
975:
972:
969:
965:
961:
958:
957:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
922:
918:
916:
911:
906:
896:
894:
888:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
743:
739:
734:
704:
701:
697:
694:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
642:
638:
634:
630:
627:
623:
620:
619:
615:
611:
608:
604:
600:
596:
593:
590:
586:
583:
580:
576:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
545:
541:
536:
532:
528:
523:
511:
510:, as of 2022.
509:
502:
494:
490:
485:
484:
476:
472:
467:
466:
458:
454:
449:
448:
426:
416:
415:Changhsingian
407:
406:Wuchiapingian
398:
389:
380:
371:
362:
353:
344:
336:
329:
316:
305:
294:
285:
277:
276:
262:
260:
250:
249:
240:
238:
227:
225:
109:
104:
99:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:
25:
20:
2179:
2115:Archean Eon
2077:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1962:(485–539 Ma)
1931:(444–485 Ma)
1895:(419–444 Ma)
1864:(359–419 Ma)
1838:(299–359 Ma)
1807:(252–299 Ma)
1795:(252–539 Ma)
1759:(201–252 Ma)
1728:(145–201 Ma)
1687:Mesozoic Era
1587:Cenozoic Era
1505:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1047:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
1002:
993:
929:
915:Hercosestria
913:
892:
845:
839:
800:
797:Stratigraphy
755:
749:
690:
616:
505:
378:
269:
256:
246:
234:
221:
2151:Hadean Eon
1929:Ordovician
1700:Cretaceous
1600:Quaternary
1465:Guadalupian
1029:13 December
903:Main page:
882: /
870:104°52′36″W
772:Guadalupian
728: /
716:104°49′58″W
665: /
653:104°52′36″W
2218:Categories
2153:(4–4.6 Ga)
2117:(2.5–4 Ga)
2046:(1–1.6 Ga)
1652:Paleogene
1516:Capitanian
1490:Artinskian
1460:Cisuralian
1394:Literature
1353:Cladistics
1308:: e12577.
1131:: pp 3–11.
985:References
964:New Mexico
938:(Roadian,
921:brachiopod
867:31°52′36″N
815:Artinskian
803:Capitanian
713:31°51′57″N
650:31°52′36″N
573:Definition
397:Capitanian
361:Artinskian
293:Cisuralian
101:Chronology
2180:See also:
1960:Cambrian
1893:Silurian
1862:Devonian
1757:Triassic
1726:Jurassic
1495:Kungurian
1485:Sakmarian
1470:Lopingian
1375:0748-3007
1324:2167-8359
1265:0962-8452
1216:0962-8452
948:Sakmarian
944:Kungurian
807:correlate
787:Kungurian
525:Etymology
370:Kungurian
352:Sakmarian
224:Paleozoic
1805:Permian
1626:Neogene
1480:Asselian
1383:38651531
1283:32517621
1177:18198148
1046:; 2004:
917:cribrosa
844:species
842:conodont
614:Conodont
556:Global (
343:Asselian
335:Gzhelian
304:Guadalup
2224:Roadian
1511:Wordian
1506:Roadian
1333:8667717
1274:7341920
1225:5394676
1168:2596898
940:Wordian
791:Wordian
768:Permian
766:of the
756:Roadian
750:In the
612:of the
487:←
469:←
451:←
388:Wordian
379:Roadian
259:Permian
208:–
198:–
188:–
178:–
168:–
158:–
148:–
138:–
128:–
118:–
22:Roadian
2159:
1381:
1373:
1330:
1322:
1281:
1271:
1263:
1222:
1214:
1175:
1165:
980:, USA)
970:, USA)
811:Russia
779:Series
758:is an
754:, the
601:Formal
533:Formal
441:
436:
431:
424:Induan
1302:PeerJ
1054:Press
978:Texas
968:Texas
925:Texas
858:Texas
827:Texas
775:Epoch
764:stage
637:Texas
592:Stage
547:Earth
315:Lopin
1379:PMID
1371:ISSN
1320:ISSN
1279:PMID
1261:ISSN
1212:ISSN
1173:PMID
1121:1999
1092:1964
1068:1961
1031:2020
899:Life
850:GSSP
835:IUGS
744:2001
681:2001
37:PreꞒ
1361:doi
1328:PMC
1310:doi
1269:PMC
1253:doi
1249:287
1220:PMC
1204:doi
1200:284
1163:PMC
1155:doi
1151:275
821:in
777:or
762:or
760:age
641:USA
610:FAD
582:Age
558:ICS
508:ICS
2220::
2175:Ga
2171:Ma
2167:ka
1377:.
1369:.
1357:40
1355:.
1351:.
1326:.
1318:.
1304:.
1300:.
1277:.
1267:.
1259:.
1247:.
1243:.
1218:.
1210:.
1198:.
1194:.
1171:.
1161:.
1149:.
1145:.
1129:34
1123::
1119:;
1094::
1090:;
1076:35
1070::
1066:;
1050:,
1022:.
1011:^
1001:.
966:,
895:.
856:,
825:,
793:.
639:,
635:,
631:,
326:ET
273:Tr
237:Mz
87:Pg
31:Ma
1571:e
1564:t
1557:v
1439:e
1432:t
1425:v
1385:.
1363::
1336:.
1312::
1306:9
1285:.
1255::
1228:.
1206::
1179:.
1157::
1033:.
976:(
962:(
860:(
560:)
284:P
248:C
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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