52:
772:(1957–60). As the government held a working majority of one careful management was needed in the house to avoid the government losing a division. Macfarlane at times struggled with his hearing, which was known to be poor, which was further impeded when wearing the formal wig inside the chamber. Many MPs, particularly
2752:
395:
41:
4205:
1409:
4200:
4195:
1403:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2093:
2084:
2079:
2053:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2009:
1998:
1985:
1980:
1970:
802:
Labour wanted to modernise itself and
Macfarlane was among several MPs who became increasingly pressured to retire. In defiance of this he was re-nominated again by local members for the
1141:
4165:
4180:
1385:
1837:
1462:
4160:
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67:
2409:
823:
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2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
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2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2737:
936:
1832:
1444:
2595:
3949:
780:, would take advantage of this and would challenge, ignore and defy his rulings. Regardless a vote was never lost and later Labour leader
255:
788:
784:
credited
Macfarlane's use of 'common sense rather than the rule book' with enabling the government to survive its full term in office.
3810:
3733:
3261:
2890:
839:
4210:
1290:
3989:
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1895:
1556:
1506:
1355:
1248:
831:
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157:
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4001:
3995:
3983:
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3339:
3315:
3092:
3086:
2567:
2443:
2402:
1735:
806:
and his nomination was queried by head office. He was allowed to stand again on the stipulation that he would not stand at the
777:
4155:
4111:
3762:
3650:
3417:
3243:
3164:
2695:
2244:
2203:
1872:
1842:
1773:
455:
3643:
3485:
3134:
2942:
1867:
3721:
4096:
3899:
3032:
2534:
885:
835:
827:
819:
502:
3692:
439:
at the time of his birth. In 1904, he took the surname
Macfarlane after his mother married Hugh Macfarlane, a labourer.
3291:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
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2275:
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2255:
2250:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2198:
2182:
2048:
1990:
1975:
1965:
1827:
1628:
1348:
463:
459:
20:
970:
4106:
3774:
3504:
2395:
890:
807:
803:
713:
690:
667:
644:
621:
598:
575:
550:
527:
4064:
4054:
3874:
3560:
3519:
4150:
4101:
4069:
4059:
4049:
3786:
3611:
3548:
3221:
1531:
1511:
1322:
4024:
2990:
1582:
1054:
1037:
4039:
4029:
4019:
3638:
3584:
4034:
2659:
2526:
1577:
1526:
1501:
1496:
948:
4091:
4044:
3601:
3321:
3020:
2924:
2677:
1887:
1607:
1232:
719:
696:
673:
650:
627:
604:
581:
556:
533:
508:
192:
145:
3889:
3231:
2972:
2906:
1814:
1798:
1428:
408:
427:
Macfarlane was born in
Christchurch on 17 May 1900, the son of Emma Rose King Haynes. Born during the
4086:
2713:
1572:
1521:
1371:
974:
944:
451:
787:
Macfarlane was given the job of speaker after failing to be elected to cabinet. He had wanted to be
3879:
3835:
3757:
3369:
3345:
3249:
3197:
2960:
2930:
2418:
1491:
729:
706:
683:
660:
637:
614:
591:
568:
543:
520:
404:
348:
1069:
3267:
1753:
1587:
1516:
1397:
1315:
1159:
854:
he served in the Middle East in the ASC of the 2nd New
Zealand Expeditionary Force for 2½ years.
738:
467:
278:
1089:
3699:
3660:
1674:
1648:
1546:
1391:
1150:
1109:
921:
479:
249:
201:
3914:
3815:
3140:
3116:
2912:
2611:
2472:
1852:
1793:
1699:
1684:
1679:
1658:
1643:
1474:
1219:
416:
122:
4145:
4140:
3904:
3750:
3687:
3680:
1704:
1456:
1187:
750:
561:
207:
3924:
8:
1920:
1847:
3633:
3080:
3074:
1925:
1740:
1541:
1166:
1114:
1094:
1074:
746:
513:
3655:
3572:
3357:
1905:
1748:
1612:
1468:
1000:
436:
3704:
3934:
3309:
3098:
2996:
2495:
2459:
1763:
1536:
795:
745:
had hoped to replace him following his death). He was the Member of
Parliament for
3670:
3628:
3623:
3579:
3567:
3555:
3514:
3423:
3327:
3050:
3038:
2966:
2719:
2689:
1778:
1450:
1300:
1019:
1017:
757:
428:
3110:
760:. He was subsequently Labour's senior whip from September 1947 until June 1951.
3820:
3769:
3740:
3665:
3591:
3533:
3528:
3333:
2707:
2574:
2561:
1930:
1768:
773:
32:
4134:
3929:
3728:
3543:
3499:
3435:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3303:
3285:
3279:
3255:
3237:
3203:
3104:
3068:
3008:
2900:
2671:
2629:
2605:
2582:
2555:
2465:
1877:
1862:
1857:
1809:
1694:
1689:
1633:
1332:
1212:
1197:
1004:
240:
180:
51:
1340:
880:
458:–1941, 1947–1959, and 1961–1981), and was Mayor of Christchurch twice, from
3909:
3894:
3716:
3675:
3606:
3596:
3538:
3146:
3044:
3026:
2918:
2701:
2683:
2635:
2617:
2510:
2480:
2387:
1819:
1788:
1275:
1258:
940:
851:
781:
742:
432:
337:
320:
114:
102:
3919:
3805:
3781:
3745:
3711:
3429:
3405:
3393:
3381:
3363:
3351:
3297:
3179:
3170:
3152:
3014:
3002:
2978:
2665:
2653:
2623:
2542:
2518:
2502:
2488:
1935:
1900:
1783:
1758:
1730:
799:
737:
Macfarlane entered
Parliament in 1939 following a by-election, replacing
90:
3884:
3411:
3062:
2984:
2936:
2647:
1915:
1910:
1725:
1709:
1638:
916:
4206:
New
Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
1551:
3954:
3939:
3830:
3618:
3158:
3056:
2954:
2948:
2641:
2549:
1438:
403:, 17 May 1900 – 2 December 1981) was a New Zealand politician of the
3825:
756:
From May 1947 until
September 1947 he was the Labour Party's junior
3944:
999:(4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. 281.
768:
He was the 14th
Speaker of the House of Representatives during the
3477:
442:
He married Louisa Jacobs in 1932 with whom he had two daughters.
4201:
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1935 New Zealand general election
4196:
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1938 New Zealand general election
431:, his mother gave him the middle name Mafeking from a town in
919:(20 December 1993). "When MPs held on by self-discipline".
1018:
New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives (1982).
763:
838:, his wife, Louisa, Lady Macfarlane, was appointed a
4166:
Speakers of the New Zealand House of Representatives
4181:
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
1266:
Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives
824:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
911:
909:
907:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
466:to 1958. He was at various times a member of the
4132:
4161:New Zealand military personnel of World War II
1118:(2nd supplement). 31 December 1984. p. 2.
904:
863:
19:For other people named Robert Macfarlane, see
2403:
1370:
1356:
1188:Member of Parliament for Christchurch Central
1098:(2nd supplement). 1 January 1974. p. 35.
1078:(3rd supplement). 10 June 1954. p. 3299.
4171:New Zealand MPs for Christchurch electorates
2417:
220:27 November 1946 – 29 November 1969
1167:Member of Parliament for Christchurch South
1142:Biography with photo at Trade Union website
1131:Who's Who in New Zealand, 10th Edition 1971
1052:"Mr. Macfarlane Nominated to Stand Again".
997:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984
2410:
2396:
1363:
1349:
929:
80:21 January 1958 – 28 October 1960
50:
937:"Councillors of the City of Christchurch"
1108:
1088:
1068:
1507:Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings
764:Speaker of the House of Representatives
473:
413:Speaker of the House of Representatives
268:3 June 1939 – 27 November 1946
135:18 November 1950 – 17 May 1958
68:Speaker of the House of Representatives
4133:
2378:appointed following death of incumbent
994:
915:
840:Companion of the Queen's Service Order
445:
3856:
3457:
2878:
2431:
2391:
1344:
496:
493:
2879:
753:from 1946 to 1969, when he retired.
4097:Independent Political Labour League
886:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
845:
13:
963:
170:11 May 1938 – 17 May 1941
21:Robert MacFarlane (disambiguation)
16:New Zealand politician (1900–1981)
14:
4222:
1135:
891:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
878:
3950:Foreshore and seabed controversy
3458:
1035:"To Plead Case of Labour M.P.".
4211:Lyttelton Harbour Board members
4102:New Zealand Labour Party (1910)
1323:Senior Whip of the Labour Party
1102:
1082:
367:
2432:
1583:Christchurch Convention Centre
1062:
1045:
1028:
1011:
995:Wilson, James Oakley (1985) .
988:
392:Sir Robert Mafeking Macfarlane
1:
4191:Deputy mayors of Christchurch
4186:Christchurch City Councillors
4176:Burials at Ruru Lawn Cemetery
1410:Hereford Street civic offices
1125:
1024:. Vol. 443. p. 136.
881:"Macfarlane, Robert Mafeking"
822:, Macfarlane was appointed a
820:1954 Queen's Birthday Honours
422:
4156:New Zealand Labour Party MPs
1578:Christchurch Central Library
1502:Christchurch Bus Interchange
1291:Deputy-Mayor of Christchurch
789:Minister of Internal Affairs
749:from 1939 to 1946, then for
741:(although Howard's daughter
56:Robert Macfarlane in ca 1951
7:
4092:New Zealand Socialist Party
3857:
1608:Christchurch City Libraries
10:
4227:
3868:History and related topics
3212:Rob Salmond (2020–present)
1557:Wastewater Treatment Plant
834:of the same order. In the
813:
18:
4087:New Zealand Liberal Party
4079:
4012:
3964:
3867:
3863:
3852:
3798:
3468:
3464:
3453:
3220:
3127:
2889:
2885:
2874:
2730:
2594:
2442:
2438:
2427:
2368:
2191:
2130:
1955:
1948:
1824:Charles Mathew Gray (2nd)
1718:
1667:
1657:
1621:
1600:
1573:Christchurch Bus Exchange
1565:
1484:
1426:
1419:
1404:Tuam Street civic offices
1378:
1372:Christchurch City Council
1329:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1297:
1288:
1282:
1272:
1263:
1255:
1245:
1239:
1229:
1217:
1209:
1204:
1194:
1185:
1180:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1058:. 7 May 1966. p. 22.
1041:. 3 May 1966. p. 12.
975:Christchurch City Council
945:Christchurch City Council
798:, and more particularly,
723:
700:
677:
654:
631:
608:
585:
560:
537:
512:
490:
487:
452:Christchurch City Council
385:
377:
354:
344:
327:
303:
298:
294:
284:
272:
261:
246:
234:
224:
213:
198:
186:
174:
163:
151:
139:
128:
120:
108:
96:
84:
73:
65:
61:
49:
30:
3880:Labour Unity Conferences
3209:Andre Anderson (2018–20)
3176:Allan McDonald (1948–71)
2420:New Zealand Labour Party
1386:Christchurch Land Office
1308:Party political offices
857:
778:Leader of the Opposition
770:Second Labour Government
4112:Social Democratic Party
3268:Arthur Shapton Richards
1892:Robert Macfarlane (2nd)
1588:Queen Elizabeth II Park
1517:Ferrymead Regional Park
1316:Arthur Shapton Richards
1175:Constituency abolished
842:for community service.
468:Lyttelton Harbour Board
4151:Mayors of Christchurch
3700:Cushla Tangaere-Manuel
3661:Priyanca Radhakrishnan
1806:Charles Louisson (2nd)
1668:elected by councillors
1463:Lyttelton Port Company
1432:(ownership percentage)
1151:New Zealand Parliament
922:The New Zealand Herald
481:New Zealand Parliament
450:Macfarlane was on the
308:Robert Mafeking Haynes
250:New Zealand Parliament
202:New Zealand Parliament
3915:Fish and Chip Brigade
3816:Princes Street Labour
3799:Related organisations
3194:Chris Flatt (2008–12)
3188:Rob Allen (1995–2000)
3141:Michael Joseph Savage
2612:Michael Joseph Savage
2473:Michael Joseph Savage
2450:Names in bold served
1527:McDougall Art Gallery
1220:Mayor of Christchurch
1021:Parliamentary Debates
971:"Chairmen and mayors"
836:1985 New Year Honours
828:1974 New Year Honours
808:1969 general election
804:1966 general election
724:Christchurch Central
701:Christchurch Central
678:Christchurch Central
655:Christchurch Central
632:Christchurch Central
609:Christchurch Central
586:Christchurch Central
417:Mayor of Christchurch
123:Mayor of Christchurch
37:Sir Robert Macfarlane
3905:Citizens for Rowling
3751:Christchurch Central
3688:Lemauga Lydia Sosene
3191:Mike Smith (2001–08)
3185:Tony Timms (1985–95)
2731:Leadership elections
1622:Chairman (1862–1868)
1457:Christchurch Airport
1420:Companies and assets
751:Christchurch Central
562:Christchurch Central
474:Member of Parliament
409:Member of Parliament
290:electorate abolished
208:Christchurch Central
4107:United Labour Party
4080:Predecessor parties
3811:The People's Choice
3128:General secretaries
2372:† Elected unopposed
1848:John Joseph Dougall
1803:Walter Cooper (2nd)
830:he was elevated to
538:Christchurch South
484:
446:Local body politics
3965:Labour governments
3487:List of former MPs
3075:Michael Hirschfeld
1741:Charles Thomas Ick
1542:Sign of the Takahe
1205:Political offices
1115:The London Gazette
1095:The London Gazette
1075:The London Gazette
747:Christchurch South
514:Christchurch South
478:
256:Christchurch South
4128:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
3925:Māori loan affair
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3656:Willow-Jean Prime
3573:Christchurch East
3482:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3358:David Benson-Pope
3274:Robert Macfarlane
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2453:
2452:as prime minister
2385:
2384:
2364:
2363:
1949:Mayoral elections
1944:
1943:
1906:Neville Pickering
1883:Robert Macfarlane
1749:George Ruddenklau
1745:James Gapes (2nd)
1596:
1595:
1532:New Brighton Pier
1512:Canterbury Museum
1469:Orion New Zealand
1339:
1338:
1330:Succeeded by
1298:Succeeded by
1273:Succeeded by
1246:Succeeded by
1230:Succeeded by
1195:Succeeded by
735:
734:
462:to 1941 and from
389:
388:
4218:
3935:Closing the Gaps
3865:
3864:
3854:
3853:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3737:
3734:Palmerston North
3725:
3708:
3696:
3684:
3647:
3615:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3552:
3523:
3508:
3488:
3480:
3476:electorates are
3472:
3469:Current members
3466:
3465:
3455:
3454:
3310:Russell Marshall
3224:
3099:Moira Coatsworth
2997:Arnold Nordmeyer
2893:
2892:Party presidents
2887:
2886:
2880:Internal offices
2876:
2875:
2598:
2496:Arnold Nordmeyer
2460:Alfred Hindmarsh
2449:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2388:
1953:
1952:
1764:Charles Louisson
1719:elected at large
1665:
1664:
1537:Sign of the Kiwi
1424:
1423:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1313:Preceded by
1283:Preceded by
1256:Preceded by
1240:Preceded by
1210:Preceded by
1182:New constituency
1157:Preceded by
1147:
1146:
1120:
1119:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1055:The Evening Post
1049:
1043:
1042:
1038:The Evening Post
1032:
1026:
1025:
1015:
1009:
1008:
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
973:. Christchurch:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
947:. Archived from
933:
927:
926:
913:
902:
901:
899:
897:
876:
846:Military service
832:Knight Commander
796:Arnold Nordmeyer
485:
482:
477:
398:
371:
369:
334:
317:
315:
299:Personal details
287:
275:
266:
252:
237:
227:
218:
204:
189:
177:
168:
154:
142:
133:
111:
99:
87:
78:
54:
44:
28:
27:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4116:
4075:
4074:
4013:Shadow cabinets
4008:
4007:
3960:
3959:
3859:
3840:
3794:
3793:
3784:
3772:
3760:
3748:
3731:
3719:
3702:
3690:
3681:Panmure-Ōtāhuhu
3678:
3671:Deborah Russell
3641:
3634:Damien O'Connor
3629:Tracey McLellan
3624:Kieran McAnulty
3609:
3582:
3580:Barbara Edmonds
3570:
3568:Reuben Davidson
3558:
3556:Rachel Brooking
3546:
3517:
3515:Carmel Sepuloni
3502:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3460:
3441:
3424:Kieran McAnulty
3328:Margaret Austin
3222:
3216:
3215:
3123:
3122:
3051:Margaret Wilson
3039:Arthur Faulkner
3033:Charles Bennett
2967:Frank Langstone
2925:Frederick Cooke
2891:
2881:
2862:
2726:
2725:
2720:Carmel Sepuloni
2690:Grant Robertson
2660:Geoffrey Palmer
2596:
2590:
2589:
2527:Geoffrey Palmer
2451:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2386:
2381:
2360:
2187:
2126:
1940:
1868:Rev John Archer
1838:Charles Allison
1779:William Prudhoe
1754:Charles Hulbert
1714:
1653:
1617:
1592:
1561:
1497:Botanic Gardens
1480:
1451:Enable Networks
1431:
1415:
1374:
1369:
1335:
1326:
1318:
1303:
1301:Peter Skellerup
1294:
1286:
1278:
1269:
1261:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1215:
1200:
1191:
1170:
1162:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1107:
1103:
1087:
1083:
1067:
1063:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1016:
1012:
993:
989:
979:
977:
969:
968:
964:
954:
952:
951:on 20 July 2011
935:
934:
930:
914:
905:
895:
893:
877:
864:
860:
848:
816:
766:
480:
476:
448:
429:Second Boer War
425:
394:
373:
370: 1932)
365:
361:
345:Political party
336:
332:
331:2 December 1981
319:
313:
311:
310:
309:
285:
273:
267:
262:
253:
248:
235:
225:
219:
214:
205:
200:
187:
175:
169:
164:
152:
140:
134:
129:
109:
97:
85:
79:
74:
57:
45:
40:
38:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4224:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:Liberal–Labour
3871:
3869:
3861:
3860:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3821:Rainbow Labour
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3779:
3770:Arena Williams
3767:
3755:
3743:
3741:Ayesha Verrall
3738:
3726:
3714:
3709:
3705:Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
3697:
3685:
3673:
3668:
3666:Adrian Rurawhe
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3604:
3602:Willie Jackson
3599:
3594:
3592:Shanan Halbert
3589:
3577:
3565:
3553:
3541:
3536:
3534:Camilla Belich
3531:
3529:Ginny Andersen
3525:
3524:
3512:Deputy Leader:
3509:
3493:
3491:
3474:Names without
3462:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:(2023–present)
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3334:Trevor Mallard
3331:
3325:
3322:Michael Cullen
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:(2022–present)
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3021:Norman Douglas
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:(2023–present)
2717:
2711:
2708:Jacinda Ardern
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2678:Michael Cullen
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2597:Deputy leaders
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:(2023–present)
2579:
2575:Jacinda Ardern
2571:
2565:
2562:David Cunliffe
2559:
2553:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2436:
2435:
2425:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2376:
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2369:
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2273:
2268:
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2253:
2248:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2192:triennial term
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1931:Lianne Dalziel
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:George Manning
1893:
1890:
1888:Ernest Andrews
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:George Payling
1830:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1769:Samuel Manning
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:William Wilson
1671:
1669:
1662:
1661:(1868–present)
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1649:William Wilson
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
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1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1445:Ecocentral Ltd
1442:
1435:
1433:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1412:(2010–present)
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1345:
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1336:
1331:
1328:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:George Manning
1247:
1244:
1242:Ernest Andrews
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:Ernest Andrews
1231:
1228:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1136:External links
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1101:
1081:
1061:
1044:
1027:
1010:
987:
962:
928:
903:
861:
859:
856:
847:
844:
815:
812:
774:Keith Holyoake
765:
762:
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732:
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386:
383:
382:
379:
375:
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363:
359:
358:
356:
352:
351:
346:
342:
341:
335:(aged 81)
329:
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324:
307:
305:
301:
300:
296:
295:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
276:
270:
269:
259:
258:
247:Member of the
244:
243:
238:
232:
231:
230:new electorate
228:
222:
221:
211:
210:
199:Member of the
196:
195:
193:Ernest Andrews
190:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
161:
160:
158:George Manning
155:
149:
148:
146:Ernest Andrews
143:
137:
136:
126:
125:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
86:Prime Minister
82:
81:
71:
70:
63:
62:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
39:
36:
33:The Honourable
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4223:
4212:
4209:
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4199:
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3956:
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3933:
3931:
3930:Backbone club
3928:
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3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3788:
3783:
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3771:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3729:Tangi Utikere
3727:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3677:
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3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3639:Greg O'Connor
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3544:Rachel Boyack
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3500:Chris Hipkins
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3481:
3471:of parliament
3467:
3463:
3456:
3452:
3437:
3436:Tangi Utikere
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3400:Chris Hipkins
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3388:Chris Hipkins
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:Darren Hughes
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:Jonathan Hunt
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3316:Jonathan Hunt
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:Roger Drayton
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:Joe Cotterill
3284:
3281:
3280:Phil Connolly
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:James O'Brien
3260:
3257:
3256:Robert McKeen
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:James McCombs
3236:
3233:
3232:Andrew Walker
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3204:Andrew Kirton
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
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3157:
3154:
3151:
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3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3105:Nigel Haworth
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3093:Andrew Little
3091:
3088:
3087:Mike Williams
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3069:Maryan Street
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:Martyn Finlay
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2991:James Roberts
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:Tim Armstrong
2971:
2968:
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2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
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2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:Andrew Walker
2905:
2902:
2901:James McCombs
2899:
2898:
2896:
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2877:
2873:
2859:
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2736:
2735:
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2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
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2688:
2685:
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2676:
2673:
2672:David Caygill
2670:
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2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:Jerry Skinner
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:James McCombs
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2583:Chris Hipkins
2580:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:Andrew Little
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2556:David Shearer
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2375:‡ By-election
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2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:biennial term
2129:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:John Beanland
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:James Flesher
1861:
1859:
1858:Henry Thacker
1856:
1854:
1853:Henry Holland
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Thomas Taylor
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:Arthur Rhodes
1813:
1811:
1810:William Reece
1808:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Harry Beswick
1797:
1795:
1794:Walter Cooper
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Henry Thomson
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Edward Bishop
1698:
1696:
1695:Henry Sawtell
1693:
1691:
1690:James Jameson
1688:
1686:
1685:Andrew Duncan
1683:
1681:
1680:John Anderson
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Edward Bishop
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:John Ollivier
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:former assets
1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1427:held through
1425:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:Civic offices
1377:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1334:
1333:Phil Connolly
1325:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1238:
1234:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1213:John Beanland
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:Bruce Barclay
1190:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
976:
972:
966:
950:
946:
942:
938:
932:
924:
923:
918:
917:Tizard, R. J.
912:
910:
908:
892:
888:
887:
882:
879:Clark, Kath.
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
862:
855:
853:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
826:, and in the
825:
821:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
761:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
731:
728:
726:
721:
718:
715:
712:
711:
708:
705:
703:
698:
695:
692:
689:
688:
685:
682:
680:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:
662:
659:
657:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:
639:
636:
634:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
616:
613:
611:
606:
603:
600:
597:
596:
593:
590:
588:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
570:
567:
565:
563:
558:
555:
552:
549:
548:
545:
542:
540:
535:
532:
529:
526:
525:
522:
519:
517:
515:
510:
507:
504:
501:
500:
486:
483:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
443:
440:
438:
434:
430:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
393:
384:
380:
376:
360:Louisa Jacobs
357:
353:
350:
347:
343:
340:, New Zealand
339:
330:
326:
323:, New Zealand
322:
306:
302:
297:
293:
289:
283:
280:
277:
271:
265:
260:
257:
251:
245:
242:
241:Bruce Barclay
239:
233:
229:
223:
217:
212:
209:
203:
197:
194:
191:
185:
182:
181:John Beanland
179:
173:
167:
162:
159:
156:
150:
147:
144:
138:
132:
127:
124:
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
101:
95:
92:
89:
83:
77:
72:
69:
64:
60:
53:
48:
43:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3910:Moyle Affair
3895:Mason Affair
3890:Black Budget
3836:Young Labour
3763:Mount Albert
3717:Phil Twyford
3676:Jenny Salesa
3651:David Parker
3607:Ingrid Leary
3597:Peeni Henare
3539:Glen Bennett
3511:
3496:
3459:Organisation
3418:Michael Wood
3273:
3244:Dan Sullivan
3223:Senior Whips
3165:David Wilson
3147:Moses Ayrton
3111:Claire Szabó
3045:Jim Anderton
3027:Bill Rowling
2919:Peter Fraser
2714:Kelvin Davis
2702:Annette King
2696:David Parker
2684:Annette King
2636:Fred Hackett
2618:Peter Fraser
2581:
2573:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2511:Bill Rowling
2509:
2501:
2487:
2481:Peter Fraser
2479:
2471:
1882:
1873:Dan Sullivan
1820:Henry Wigram
1789:Thomas Gapes
1774:Charles Gray
1705:Michael Hart
1485:other assets
1321:
1289:
1285:Harold Smith
1276:Ronald Algie
1264:
1259:Matthew Oram
1218:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1113:
1104:
1093:
1084:
1073:
1064:
1053:
1047:
1036:
1030:
1020:
1013:
996:
990:
978:. Retrieved
965:
953:. Retrieved
949:the original
941:Christchurch
931:
925:. p. 8.
920:
894:. Retrieved
884:
852:World War II
849:
817:
793:
786:
782:Bill Rowling
767:
755:
743:Mabel Howard
736:
716:–1969
693:–1966
670:–1963
647:–1960
624:–1957
601:–1954
578:–1951
553:–1949
530:–1946
505:–1943
454:(1927–1929,
449:
441:
433:South Africa
426:
411:, served as
405:Labour Party
400:
391:
390:
338:Christchurch
333:(1981-12-02)
321:Christchurch
286:Succeeded by
263:
236:Succeeded by
215:
188:Succeeded by
165:
153:Succeeded by
130:
115:Ronald Algie
110:Succeeded by
103:Matthew Oram
75:
25:
4146:1982 deaths
4141:1900 births
3998:(1999–2008)
3920:Rogernomics
3806:City Vision
3782:Megan Woods
3758:Helen White
3746:Duncan Webb
3712:Jan Tinetti
3430:Duncan Webb
3406:Kris Faafoi
3394:Sue Moroney
3382:Rick Barker
3370:Tim Barnett
3364:Jill Pettis
3354:(1999–2002)
3352:Rick Barker
3346:Mark Burton
3298:Ron Barclay
3250:Bill Jordan
3198:Tim Barnett
3180:John Wybrow
3171:Mick Moohan
3153:Walter Nash
3135:John Glover
3083:(1999–2000)
3015:Norman Kirk
3003:Mick Moohan
2979:Walter Nash
2961:Bill Jordan
2943:John Archer
2931:Tom Brindle
2680:(1996–2008)
2666:Helen Clark
2654:David Lange
2624:Walter Nash
2546:(1993–2008)
2543:Helen Clark
2519:David Lange
2503:Norman Kirk
2489:Walter Nash
1956:annual term
1936:Phil Mauger
1921:Garry Moore
1901:Ron Guthrey
1784:Eden George
1759:Aaron Ayers
1731:James Gapes
1613:The Shuttle
1522:Hagley Park
1492:Art Gallery
1406:(1980–2010)
1400:(1924–1980)
1394:(1887–1924)
1388:(1862–1887)
1110:"No. 49970"
1090:"No. 46163"
1070:"No. 40190"
980:10 February
800:Norman Kirk
494:Electorate
437:under siege
407:. He was a
318:17 May 1900
274:Preceded by
226:Preceded by
176:Preceded by
141:Preceded by
98:Preceded by
91:Walter Nash
4135:Categories
3885:Lee affair
3412:Ruth Dyson
3081:Bob Harvey
3063:Ruth Dyson
2985:Clyde Carr
2937:Bob Semple
2648:Bob Tizard
2535:Mike Moore
2433:Leadership
1926:Bob Parker
1916:Vicki Buck
1911:Hamish Hay
1726:Fred Hobbs
1710:Fred Hobbs
1639:Isaac Luck
1327:1947–1951
1295:1971–1974
1270:1958–1960
1227:1950–1958
1192:1946–1969
1171:1939–1946
1160:Ted Howard
1126:References
955:25 October
739:Ted Howard
423:Early life
415:and was a
314:1900-05-17
279:Ted Howard
4004:(2017–23)
3992:(1984–90)
3986:(1972–75)
3980:(1957–60)
3974:(1935–49)
3955:KiwiSaver
3940:Helengrad
3900:It's Time
3831:VicLabour
3619:Jo Luxton
3432:(2022–23)
3426:(2020–22)
3420:(2019–20)
3414:(2017–19)
3408:(2016–17)
3402:(2014–16)
3396:(2013–14)
3390:(2011–13)
3378:(2008–11)
3372:(2005–08)
3366:(2004–05)
3360:(2002–04)
3348:(1996–99)
3342:(1990–96)
3330:(1987–90)
3324:(1984–87)
3318:(1980–84)
3312:(1978–80)
3306:(1976–78)
3300:(1972–76)
3294:(1958–72)
3292:Henry May
3288:(1952–58)
3282:(1951–52)
3276:(1947–51)
3270:(1942–47)
3264:(1939–42)
3258:(1937–39)
3252:(1935–36)
3246:(1922–35)
3240:(1919–22)
3234:(1916–19)
3206:(2016–18)
3200:(2012–16)
3182:(1971–85)
3173:(1940–48)
3167:(1936–40)
3161:(1932–36)
3159:Jim Thorn
3155:(1922–32)
3149:(1920–22)
3143:(1919–20)
3137:(1916–19)
3113:(2019–22)
3107:(2015–19)
3101:(2011–15)
3095:(2009–11)
3089:(2000–09)
3077:(1995–99)
3071:(1993–95)
3065:(1988–93)
3059:(1987–88)
3057:Rex Jones
3053:(1984–87)
3047:(1979–84)
3041:(1976–79)
3035:(1973–76)
3029:(1970–73)
3023:(1966–70)
3017:(1964–66)
3011:(1960–64)
3005:(1955–60)
2999:(1950–55)
2993:(1937–50)
2987:(1936–37)
2981:(1935–36)
2975:(1934–35)
2969:(1933–34)
2963:(1932–33)
2957:(1931–32)
2955:Rex Mason
2951:(1929–31)
2949:Jim Thorn
2945:(1928–29)
2939:(1926–28)
2933:(1922–26)
2927:(1921–22)
2921:(1920–21)
2915:(1918–20)
2909:(1917–18)
2903:(1916–17)
2716:(2017–23)
2704:(2014–17)
2698:(2013–14)
2692:(2011–13)
2686:(2008–11)
2674:(1993–96)
2668:(1989–93)
2662:(1983–89)
2656:(1979–83)
2650:(1974–79)
2644:(1963–74)
2642:Hugh Watt
2638:(1962–63)
2632:(1951–62)
2626:(1940–51)
2620:(1933–40)
2614:(1923–33)
2608:(1919–23)
2578:(2017–23)
2570:(2014–17)
2564:(2013–14)
2558:(2011–13)
2552:(2008–11)
2550:Phil Goff
2538:(1990–93)
2530:(1989–90)
2522:(1983–89)
2514:(1974–83)
2506:(1965–74)
2498:(1963–65)
2492:(1950–63)
2484:(1940–50)
2476:(1933–40)
2468:(1919–33)
2462:(1916–18)
1828:John Hall
1629:John Hall
1547:Town Hall
1439:City Care
1398:The Civic
1224:1938–1941
1005:154283103
435:that was
264:In office
216:In office
166:In office
131:In office
121:37th
76:In office
4055:Cunliffe
3945:Corngate
3775:Manurewa
3722:Te Atatū
3505:Remutaka
3479:list MPs
3117:Jill Day
2913:Tom Paul
1601:Services
1392:Our City
896:1 August
378:Children
4070:Hipkins
4050:Shearer
4025:Rowling
3858:History
3693:Māngere
3561:Dunedin
3520:Kelston
3497:Leader:
2445:Leaders
1552:Tūranga
1475:Red Bus
1471:(89.3%)
1465:(79.3%)
818:In the
814:Honours
372:
364:
4065:Ardern
4060:Little
3990:Fourth
3978:Second
3826:Rātana
3787:Wigram
3644:Ōhāriu
3612:Taieri
3549:Nelson
3384:(2011)
3336:(1990)
2710:(2017)
1659:Mayors
1477:(100%)
1453:(100%)
1447:(100%)
1441:(100%)
1003:
794:Under
730:Labour
707:Labour
684:Labour
661:Labour
638:Labour
615:Labour
592:Labour
569:Labour
544:Labour
521:Labour
497:Party
488:Years
401:Haynes
355:Spouse
349:Labour
4040:Clark
4035:Moore
4030:Lange
4002:Sixth
3996:Fifth
3984:Third
3972:First
2103:1910†
2090:1907†
2076:1904†
2073:1903†
2070:1902†
2067:1901†
2064:1899†
2061:1898†
2058:1897†
2020:1889†
2017:1888†
2014:1887†
2006:1885†
2003:1884†
1995:1882†
1962:1875†
1459:(75%)
858:Notes
491:Term
366:(
362:
66:14th
4045:Goff
4020:Kirk
3585:Mana
2858:2023
2853:2017
2848:2014
2843:2013
2838:2011
2833:2008
2828:1996
2823:1993
2818:1990
2813:1989
2808:1988
2803:1983
2798:1980
2793:1974
2788:1965
2783:1963
2778:1954
2773:1951
2768:1940
2763:1933
2758:1923
2753:1922
2748:1921
2743:1920
2738:1919
2356:2022
2351:2019
2346:2016
2341:2013
2336:2010
2331:2007
2326:2004
2321:2001
2316:1998
2311:1995
2306:1992
2301:1989
2296:1986
2291:1983
2286:1980
2281:1977
2276:1974
2271:1971
2266:1968
2261:1965
2256:1962
2251:1959
2245:1958
2240:1956
2235:1953
2230:1950
2225:1947
2220:1944
2215:1941
2210:1938
2204:1936
2199:1935
2183:1933
2178:1931
2173:1929
2168:1927
2163:1925
2158:1923
2153:1921
2148:1919
2143:1917
2138:1915
2122:1914
2117:1913
2112:1912
2107:1911
2099:1909
2094:1908
2085:1906
2080:1905
2054:1896
2049:1895
2044:1894
2039:1893
2034:1892
2029:1891
2024:1890
2010:1886
1999:1883
1991:1881
1986:1880
1981:1879
1976:1878
1971:1877
1966:1876
1429:CCHL
1001:OCLC
982:2010
957:2013
898:2013
776:the
758:whip
720:35th
714:1966
697:34th
691:1963
674:33rd
668:1960
651:32nd
645:1957
628:31st
622:1954
605:30th
599:1951
582:29th
576:1949
557:28th
551:1946
534:27th
528:1943
509:26th
503:1939
464:1950
460:1938
456:1936
399:(né
396:KCMG
328:Died
304:Born
254:for
206:for
42:KCMG
850:In
4137::
1112:.
1092:.
1072:.
943::
939:.
906:^
889:.
883:.
865:^
810:.
791:.
470:.
419:.
368:m.
3789:)
3785:(
3777:)
3773:(
3765:)
3761:(
3753:)
3749:(
3736:)
3732:(
3724:)
3720:(
3707:)
3703:(
3695:)
3691:(
3683:)
3679:(
3646:)
3642:(
3614:)
3610:(
3587:)
3583:(
3575:)
3571:(
3563:)
3559:(
3551:)
3547:(
3522:)
3518:(
3507:)
3503:(
3490:)
3484:(
2411:e
2404:t
2397:v
2247:‡
2206:‡
2087:†
1364:e
1357:t
1350:v
1007:.
984:.
959:.
900:.
381:2
316:)
312:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
