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Temperatures on the airframe were expected to be 980 °C (1,800 °F) over a large part of the surface, with maxima of more than 1,650 °C (3,000 °F) on the leading edges and portions of the engine. This required the development of high temperature lightweight materials, including
362:
were each awarded contracts of $ 175 M to develop engines/propulsion. The airframe contractors would compete and two or three would be eliminated after a year. The plan was that 42 months later (end of 1989), contracts would be awarded to build the flight demonstrator vehicle.
560:
cryogenic hydrogen tank was integrated with the fuselage section and the whole assembly, including volatile and combustible hydrogen, was successfully tested with mechanical loads and a temperature of 820 °C (1,500 °F) in 1992, just before program cancellation.
319:, which would expend considerable energy. The project showed that much of this energy could be recovered by passing hydrogen over the skin and carrying the heat into the combustion chamber: Mach 20 then seemed possible. The result was a program funded by NASA, and the
375:
vehicle, with instrumentation, environmental control systems and safety equipment, made the X-30 larger, heavier, and more expensive than required for a technology demonstrator. The X-30 program was terminated amid budget cuts and technical concerns in 1993.
217:
and passenger spaceliner. Started in 1986, it was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner (the
519:
The X-30 configuration integrated engine and fuselage. The shovel-shaped forward fuselage generated a shock wave to compress air before it entered the engine. The aft fuselage formed an integrated nozzle to expand the exhaust. The engine between was a
370:
Despite progress in the necessary structural and propulsion technology, NASA had substantial problems to solve. The
Department of Defense wanted it to carry a crew of two and a small payload. The demands of being a
555:
fibers. Titanium matrix composites were used by McDonnell
Douglas to create a representative fuselage section called "Task D". The Task D test article was four feet high by eight feet wide by eight feet long. A
366:
In 1990, the companies joined under the direction of
Rockwell International to develop the craft, to deal with the technical and budgetary obstacles. Development of the X-30, as it was then designated, began.
535:. The "wings" were small fins providing trim and control. This configuration was efficient for high-speed flight, but would have made takeoff, landing and slow-speed flight difficult.
905:. Vol. III: The Quest for Orbital Jet: The National Aero-Space Plane Program (1983–1995). Bolling Air Force Base, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. Archived from
269:
campus of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in
Huntsville, Alabama; note the flat, duckbill nose and double-dorsal fin tail that distinguishes it from the older model.
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875:. Monographs in Aerospace History. Vol. 31. Washington, D.C.: NASA Office of External Relations.
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The original concept was for a conical nose, this evolved (after 1987?) to a flat shovel shape.
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were awarded contracts (each no more than $ 35 M) to develop technology for a hypersonic
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The NASP concept is thought to have been derived from the "Copper Canyon" project of the
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The
Hypersonic Revolution: Case Studies in the History of Hypersonic Technology
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nose and single-dorsal fin tail that distinguishes it from the newer model.
869:
American X-Vehicles: An
Inventory—X-1 to X-50 Centennial of Flight Edition
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238:
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488: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
423:
355:
230:, the X-30 was planned for a crew of two and oriented towards testing.
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521:
312:
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323:(funding was approximately equally divided among NASA, DARPA, the
304:, attaining low earth orbit or flying to Tokyo within two hours".
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332:
787:
Andersen, Drucella; Baker, Sue; Sandy, Mary (November 4, 1991).
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132:
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227:
789:"Mississippi State Wins Aero-Space Plane Mockup Competition"
524:. At the time, no scramjet engine was close to operational.
384:
A more modest hypersonic program culminated in the uncrewed
866:
Jenkins, Dennis R.; Landis, Tony; Miller, Jay (June 2003).
250:
185:
4196:
539:
alloys of titanium and aluminum known as gamma and alpha
296:
that could, by the end of the next decade, take off from
720:"25 Years Ago, NASA Envisioned Its Own 'Orient Express'"
564:
531:. Most of the lift was generated by the fuselage by
865:
817:. Raspet Flight Research Laboratory. Archived from
674:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
786:
527:The aerodynamic configuration was an example of a
842:"X-30 National Aero-Space Plane Mockup Rolls Out"
395:of the X-30 was built by engineering students at
118:US NASA & DOD hypersonic project in 1986–1993
4834:
317:would generate heat due to adiabatic compression
209:), part of a United States project to create a
756:"National Aero-Space Plane Program Fact Sheet"
622:
427:A 1986 artist's concept of the NASP on liftoff
137:An artist's concept of the X-30 entering orbit
4182:
3625:
950:
4843:1993 disestablishments in the United States
443:An artist's concept of the X-30 on re-entry
391:A detailed, one-third scale (50-foot long)
4189:
4175:
3632:
3618:
957:
943:
925:Aero-Space Plane: Flexible Access to Space
894:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
693: – UK spaceplane design of the 1980s
504:Learn how and when to remove this message
280:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
4599:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
839:
446:
438:
435:An artist's concept of the X-30 in orbit
430:
422:
399:'s Raspet Flight Research Laboratory in
256:
232:
713:
711:
709:
4835:
739:
307:Research suggested a maximum speed of
4575:
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4170:
3613:
938:
717:
588:74 ft 0 in (22.5552 m)
582:160 ft 0 in (48.768 m)
840:Andersen, Drucella (June 10, 1992).
706:
626:
486:adding citations to reliable sources
457:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
718:Chang, Kenneth (October 20, 2014).
321:United States Department of Defense
282:(DARPA), from 1982 to 1985. In his
222:) capable of two-hour flights from
13:
4213:
14:
4904:
3400:Apollo command and service module
917:
682:(essentially a scaled-down model)
594:300,000 lb (136,077 kg)
565:Specifications (X-30 as designed)
4868:Proposed reusable launch systems
630:
462:
315:-based aircraft, as the vehicle
300:, accelerate up to 25 times the
131:
20:
4853:Cancelled space launch vehicles
473:needs additional citations for
284:1986 State of the Union Address
31:needs additional citations for
4576:
833:
807:
780:
409:U.S. Space & Rocket Center
273:
243:U.S. Space & Rocket Center
1:
699:
4893:Tailless delta-wing aircraft
397:Mississippi State University
329:Strategic Defense Initiative
7:
4848:Cancelled aircraft projects
4733:Ya Guidao Gainian Feixingqi
661:
623:Design and materials legacy
10:
4909:
4154:Assigned to multiple types
895:Schweikart, Larry (1998).
403:. It is on display at the
4878:Scramjet-powered aircraft
4863:Hydrogen-powered aircraft
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3653:
3648:) designations since 1941
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418:
379:
203:National Aero-Space Plane
181:
173:
161:
147:
142:
130:
125:
545:carbon/carbon composites
4525:Reusable Booster System
4515:Liquid Fly-back Booster
4198:Reusable launch systems
3654:Supersonic/special test
573:General characteristics
401:Starkville, Mississippi
354:SSTO vehicle/airframe.
199:technology demonstrator
4728:Goodyear Meteor Junior
4262:(orbiter and boosters)
970:Rockwell International
844:. NASA. Archived from
791:. NASA. Archived from
639:This section is empty.
549:metal matrix composite
455:
444:
436:
428:
344:Rockwell International
331:Office (SDIO) and the
270:
254:
168:Rockwell International
4883:Single-stage-to-orbit
4655:Space Shuttle orbiter
3642:experimental aircraft
3640:USAF / Joint Service
450:
442:
434:
426:
260:
236:
211:single-stage-to-orbit
152:Single-stage-to-orbit
4858:Cancelled spacecraft
848:on September 3, 2009
815:"History: NASP X-30"
482:improve this article
40:improve this article
4626:Buran-class orbiter
4467:Energia II (Uragan)
897:Hallion, Richard P.
795:on December 5, 2007
451:An X-30 model in a
413:Huntsville, Alabama
360:Pratt & Whitney
247:Huntsville, Alabama
143:General information
4364:Rocket Lab Neutron
3694:"X" (1948–present)
890:on April 25, 2020.
725:The New York Times
541:titanium aluminide
456:
445:
437:
429:
405:Aviation Challenge
290:called for "a new
271:
267:Aviation Challenge
265:on display at the
255:
241:on display at the
4873:Rockwell aircraft
4830:
4829:
4811:
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4694:Orel (spacecraft)
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4375:Starship (SpaceX)
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3128:XA2J Super Savage
3016:F-100 Super Sabre
2997:F-82 Twin Mustang
821:on March 17, 2005
659:
658:
514:
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506:
340:McDonnell Douglas
191:
190:
177:Cancelled in 1993
116:
115:
108:
90:
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4677:Boeing Starliner
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4583:
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4380:Stoke Space Nova
4329:8R (first stage)
4326:6X (first stage)
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912:on July 2, 2015.
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883:. Archived from
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768:on April 2, 2016
764:. Archived from
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641:You can help by
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533:compression lift
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348:General Dynamics
237:An older design
201:project for the
197:was an advanced
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3656:"S" (1946–1947)
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980:"Charge Number"
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686:Tupolev Tu-2000
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553:silicon carbide
547:, and titanium
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338:In April 1986,
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261:A newer design
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55:"Rockwell X-30"
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293:Orient Express
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4462:Chang Cheng-1
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4452:(first stage)
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4260:Space Shuttle
4258:
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4239:(core stages)
4238:
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4233:(first stage)
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3410:Space Shuttle
3408:
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3143:A-5 Vigilante
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3026:XF-108 Rapier
3024:
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2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
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2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
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2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
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2043:
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2038:
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2033:
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2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
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1981:
1978:
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1973:
1971:
1968:
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1963:
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1946:
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1941:
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1933:
1931:
1928:
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1918:
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1911:
1908:
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1898:
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1471:
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1406:
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1401:
1398:
1396:
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1388:
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1383:
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1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
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1351:
1348:
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1341:
1338:
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1333:
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1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
978:Manufacturer
976:
971:
967:
960:
955:
953:
948:
946:
941:
940:
937:
931:
927:
922:
921:
908:
904:
903:
898:
893:
886:
882:
878:
871:
870:
864:
863:
847:
843:
836:
820:
816:
810:
794:
790:
783:
767:
763:
762:
757:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
727:
726:
721:
714:
712:
710:
705:
697:
692:
689:
687:
684:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:
669:
666:
665:
653:
644:
640:
636:
633:
629:
628:
618:
614:
611:
610:
609:
607:
599:
596:
593:
592:Gross weight:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
577:
576:
574:
569:
562:
559:
554:
550:
546:
542:
536:
534:
530:
525:
523:
517:
508:
505:
497:
487:
483:
477:
476:
471:This section
469:
465:
460:
459:
454:
449:
441:
433:
425:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
377:
374:
368:
364:
361:
357:
353:
352:air-breathing
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
294:
289:
288:Ronald Reagan
285:
281:
268:
264:
259:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:Rockwell X-30
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
166:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
141:
134:
129:
124:
121:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
4819:* indicates
4785:
4683:Dream Chaser
4649:SpaceShipTwo
4643:SpaceShipOne
4498:
4237:Falcon Heavy
4151:Not assigned
3870:
3692:Experimental
3570:Twin Mustang
3540:Super Savage
3337:
3321:Experimental
3169:OV-10 Bronco
3082:B-45 Tornado
3077:XB-28 Dragon
2987:P-51 Mustang
907:the original
901:
885:the original
868:
850:. Retrieved
846:the original
835:
823:. Retrieved
819:the original
809:
797:. Retrieved
793:the original
782:
770:. Retrieved
766:the original
759:
729:. Retrieved
723:
696:
673:
672:
647:
643:adding to it
638:
613:Propellants:
612:
605:
603:
600:1 × scramjet
597:
591:
585:
579:
572:
570:
568:
558:carbon/epoxy
537:
526:
518:
515:
500:
491:
480:Please help
475:verification
472:
390:
383:
369:
365:
337:
325:US Air Force
306:
291:
286:, President
277:
219:
206:
202:
194:
192:
182:Primary user
163:Manufacturer
120:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
4888:Spaceplanes
4776:Silver Dart
4708:upper stage
4637:Gemini SC-2
4594:Boeing X-37
4555:VentureStar
4487:Hyperbola-2
4414:Kankoh-maru
4347:Orbex Prime
4316:Hyperbola-3
4295:Ariane Next
4274:* (booster)
4268:* (booster)
4243:New Shepard
3844:26–50
3535:Super Sabre
3280:Ranger 2000
3275:T-2 Buckeye
3265:T-28 Trojan
3152:Observation
3036:FJ-2/3 Fury
3006:F-86D Sabre
852:November 2,
825:November 2,
799:November 2,
772:November 2,
731:October 21,
606:Performance
598:Powerplant:
551:(TMC) with
543:, advanced
453:wind tunnel
388:"Hyper-X".
373:human-rated
274:Development
249:; note the
4837:Categories
4821:suborbital
4577:Spacecraft
4540:Tianjiao-1
4535:Sea Dragon
4458:(boosters)
4391:Tianlong-3
4322:Long March
4202:spacecraft
4157:Unofficial
3949:X-44 (UAV)
3944:X-44 MANTA
3701:1–25
3597:See also:
3525:Sabreliner
3510:Roadrunner
3393:Spacecraft
3289:Transports
3230:AT-6 Texan
3097:B-1 Lancer
881:2003051364
700:References
356:Rocketdyne
224:Washington
215:spacecraft
156:spaceplane
66:newspapers
4786:X-30 NASP
4748:Cancelled
4716:Proposals
4702:(capsule)
4696:(capsule)
4690:(capsule)
4679:(capsule)
4633:(capsule)
4497:Hopper /
4472:Falcon 1e
4407:Proposals
4399:(engines)
4341:New Glenn
4002:51–
3580:Vigilante
3520:Sabre Dog
3460:Hound Dog
3235:T-6 Texan
3123:AJ Savage
3041:FJ-4 Fury
680:NASA X-43
650:July 2020
617:slush LH2
586:Wingspan:
529:waverider
494:July 2020
126:X-30 NASP
4823:vehicles
4706:Starship
4688:Mengzhou
4610:Shenlong
4605:Dragon 2
4477:Falcon 5
4433:Canceled
4385:Terran R
4353:Pallas-1
4310:Electron
4300:CALLISTO
4231:Falcon 9
4097:See also
3575:Valkyrie
3475:Mitchell
3357:Missiles
3178:Trainers
2980:Fighters
972:aircraft
668:Scramjet
662:See also
522:scramjet
313:scramjet
96:May 2022
4771:Mustard
4619:Retired
4601:(CSSHQ)
4499:Phoenix
4440:Adeline
4335:Miura 5
4253:Retired
3646:X-plane
3555:Tornado
3505:Redhead
3480:Mustang
3465:Invader
3450:Harvard
3440:Buckeye
3423:By name
3364:SSM-N-4
3220:Harvard
3060:Bombers
2973:By role
930:YouTube
899:(ed.).
580:Length:
333:US Navy
251:conical
213:(SSTO)
154:(SSTO)
80:scholar
4760:Kliper
4723:Avatar
4631:Dragon
4587:Active
4545:Spiral
4492:HOPE-X
4456:Ares V
4450:Ares I
4445:Angara
4419:SASSTO
4397:Vulcan
4370:Skylon
4359:RLV-TD
4305:CORONA
4266:Petrel
4224:Active
3565:Trojan
3560:Torito
3545:Taurus
3530:Savage
3500:Rapier
3495:Ranger
3490:Navion
3485:Navaho
3470:Lancer
3435:Bronco
3430:Apache
3384:AGM-53
3379:AGM-28
3374:GAM-77
3312:MQM-42
3305:Drones
3296:NAC-60
3106:Attack
3051:XFV-12
2964:NA-704
2954:NA-431
2949:NA-430
2944:NA-420
2939:NA-407
2934:NA-406
2929:NA-405
2924:NA-404
2919:NA-403
2914:NA-402
2909:NA-401
2904:NA-400
2899:NA-399
2894:NA-398
2889:NA-397
2884:NA-396
2879:NA-395
2874:NA-394
2869:NA-393
2864:NA-392
2859:NA-391
2854:NA-390
2849:NA-389
2844:NA-388
2839:NA-387
2834:NA-386
2829:NA-385
2824:NA-384
2819:NA-383
2814:NA-382
2809:NA-381
2804:NA-380
2799:NA-379
2794:NA-378
2789:NA-377
2784:NA-376
2779:NA-375
2774:NA-374
2769:NA-373
2764:NA-372
2759:NA-371
2754:NA-370
2749:NA-369
2745:NA-368
2741:NA-367
2736:NA-366
2731:NA-365
2726:NA-364
2721:NA-363
2716:NA-362
2711:NA-361
2706:NA-360
2701:NA-359
2696:NA-358
2691:NA-357
2686:NA-356
2682:NA-355
2678:NA-354
2673:NA-353
2668:NA-352
2663:NA-351
2658:NA-350
2653:NA-349
2648:NA-348
2643:NA-347
2638:NA-346
2633:NA-345
2628:NA-344
2623:NA-343
2618:NA-342
2613:NA-341
2608:NA-340
2603:NA-339
2598:NA-338
2593:NA-337
2588:NA-336
2583:NA-335
2578:NA-334
2573:NA-333
2568:NA-332
2563:NA-331
2558:NA-330
2553:NA-329
2548:NA-328
2543:NA-327
2538:NA-326
2533:NA-325
2528:NA-324
2523:NA-323
2518:NA-322
2513:NA-321
2508:NA-320
2503:NA-319
2498:NA-318
2493:NA-317
2488:NA-316
2483:NA-315
2478:NA-314
2473:NA-313
2468:NA-312
2463:NA-311
2458:NA-310
2453:NA-309
2448:NA-308
2443:NA-307
2438:NA-306
2433:NA-305
2428:NA-304
2423:NA-303
2418:NA-302
2413:NA-301
2408:NA-300
2403:NA-299
2398:NA-298
2393:NA-297
2388:NA-296
2383:NA-295
2378:NA-294
2373:NA-293
2368:NA-292
2363:NA-291
2358:NA-290
2353:NA-289
2348:NA-288
2343:NA-287
2338:NA-286
2333:NA-285
2328:NA-284
2323:NA-283
2318:NA-282
2313:NA-281
2308:NA-280
2303:NA-279
2298:NA-278
2293:NA-277
2288:NA-276
2283:NA-275
2278:NA-274
2273:NA-273
2268:NA-272
2263:NA-271
2258:NA-270
2253:NA-269
2248:NA-268
2243:NA-267
2238:NA-266
2233:NA-265
2228:NA-264
2223:NA-263
2218:NA-262
2213:NA-261
2208:NA-260
2203:NA-259
2198:NA-258
2193:NA-257
2188:NA-256
2183:NA-255
2178:NA-254
2173:NA-253
2168:NA-252
2163:NA-251
2159:NA-250
2155:NA-249
2150:NA-248
2145:NA-247
2140:NA-246
2135:NA-245
2130:NA-244
2125:NA-243
2120:NA-242
2115:NA-241
2110:NA-240
2105:NA-239
2100:NA-238
2095:NA-237
2090:NA-236
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