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the tribunes. Learning that Rome had no army in the field, the
Praenestine army pushed on until it stood before the Colline Gate. Alarmed, the Romans appointed T. Quinctius Cincinnatus as Dictator with A. Sempronius Atratinus as his Master of the Horse and assembled the army. In response the Praenestines withdrew to the Allia where they set up camp, hoping that memories of their earlier defeat against the Gauls at the same place would cause dread among the Romans. The Romans, however, recalled their previous victories against the Latins and relished the chance of wiping out previous defeats. The Dictator ordered A. Sempronius to charge the Praenestine center with the cavalry; the Dictator would then attack the disordered enemy with the legions. The Praenestines broke at the first charge. In the panic they abandoned their camp, the flight not stopping until they were within sight of Praeneste. At first unwilling to abandon the countryside to the Romans, the Praenestines established a second camp, but on the arrival of the Romans this second camp was also abandoned and the Praenestines retreated behind the walls of their city. The Romans first captured eight towns subordinated to Praeneste and then marched on Velitrae which was stormed. When the Roman army arrived before Praeneste the Praenestines surrendered. Having defeated the enemy in battle and captured two camps and nine towns, Titus Quinctius returned to Rome in triumph, carrying with him from Praeneste a statue of Jupiter Imperator. This statue was set up on the Capitol between the shrines of Jupiter and Minerva with the inscription "Jupiter and all the gods granted that the dictator Titus Quinctius should capture nine towns". Titus Quinctius laid down his office on the twentieth day after his appointment. According to D.H. and Festus the nine towns were captured in nine days. Festus further adds that Quinctius captured Praeneste on the tenth and dedicated a golden crown weighing two and one third of a
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At
Satricum they met an army considerably superior in number and eager for battle. Camillus however refused to engage the enemy, seeking instead to protract the war. This exasperated his colleague, L. Furius, who claimed that Camillus had become too old and slow and soon won over the whole army to his side. While his colleague prepared for battle, Camillus formed a strong reserve and awaited the outcome of the battle. The Volsci started to retire soon after the battle had started, and, as they had planned, the Romans were drawn into following them up the rising ground toward the Volscian camp. Here the Volsci had placed several cohorts in reserve and these joined the battle. Fighting uphill against superior numbers, the Romans started to flee. However Camillus brought up the reserves and rallied the fleeing soldiers to stand their ground. With the infantry wavering, the Roman cavalry, now led by L. Furius, dismounted and attacked the enemy on foot. As a result, the Volsci were defeated and fled in panic, and their camp was taken. A large number of Volsci were killed and an even larger number taken prisoners. According to Plutarch, a sick Camillus was waiting in the camp while his colleague engaged the enemy. When he heard that Romans had been routed, he sprung from his couch, rallied the soldiers and stopped the enemy pursuit. Then, on the second day, Camillus led his forces out, defeated the enemy in battle and took their camp. Camillus then learned that Satricum had been taken by the Etruscans and all the Roman colonists there slaughtered. He sent the bulk of his forces back to Rome, while he and the youngest men fell upon the Etruscans and expelled them from Satricum.
1347:. The Gauls fled towards Tibur, but were intercepted by the consul. The Tiburtes sallied in a failed attempt to assist their allies, and both the Tiburtes and Gauls were driven within the gates. The dictator praised the consuls and laid down his office. Poetilius celebrated a double triumph over the Gauls and the Tiburtes, but the Tiburtes belittled the achievements of the Romans. The Fasti Triumphales records that C. Poetelius Libo Visolus, consul, celebrated a triumph over the Gauls and Tiburtes on 29 July. According to Livy in 359 the Tiburtes marched at night against the City of Rome. The Romans were at first alarmed, but when daylight revealed a comparatively small force, the consuls attacked from two separate gates and the Tiburtines were routed.
1231:, a self-governing city of Roman citizens. Some modern historians have argued that this episode has been invented or is a retrojection of later events. Cornell (1995) Oakley (1998) and Forsythe (2005) accept the incorporation of Tusculum in 381 as historical. Livy and other later writers portrayed the annexation of Tusculum as a benevolent act, but this view more properly reflect their own times, when Roman citizenship was highly sought after. In the 4th century when the Latin cities struggled to maintain their independence from Rome, it would have been seen as an aggressive act. Later events reveal that Tusculum was not yet firmly in Roman hands. In the Roman period the chief magistrates of Tusculum had the title of
949:. Livy says that they attempted to take Pometia by storm, but then resorted to siege engines. However the Aurunci launched a successful sally, destroying the siege engines, wounding many, and nearly killing one of the consuls. The Romans retreated to Rome, recruited additional troops, and returned to Pometia. They rebuilt the siege engines and when they were about to take the town, the Pometians surrendered. The Aurunci leaders were beheaded, the Pometians sold into slavery, the town razed and the land sold. Livy says the consuls celebrated a triumph as a result of the victory. The Fasti Triumphales record only one triumph, by Cassius (possibly over the Sabines although the inscription is unclear).
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burning of
Satricum in 377 and 346 is a doublet. Beloch, believing that the Romans would not have recorded a Latin attack on Satricum, considered the burning in 377 a retrojection of the events of 346. Oakley (1997) takes the opposite view, believing that the ancient historians are less likely to have invented the burning by the Latins than the burning by the Romans. Though the twice miraculous saving of the temple is discarded as a doublet, it does not automatically follow that hotly contested Satricum could not have been captured both in 377 and 346. Latin displeasure with Tusculum's annexation by Rome could explain why they might also have acted in support of an anti-Roman revolt.
1098:. In addition to Volscians the Antiates had brought a large number of Latins and Hernicians to the field. In the battle that followed the Romans were victorious and the Volscians were slaughtered in great number. The Latins and Hernicians now abandoned the Volscians, and Satricum fell to Camillus. The Romans demanded to know from the Latins and Hernici why for the last few years' wars they had not furnished any contingents. They claimed not to have been able to supply troops due to fear of Volscian incursions. The Roman senate considered this defence to be insufficient, but that time was not right for war. In 385 the Romans appointed
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was declared on
Tusculum. According to Plutarch, Camillus had just returned to Rome with the spoils when it was reported that the Tusculans were about to rebel. The conduct of the war was entrusted to Camillus, who chose L. Furius as his colleague. Tusculum, however, offered no resistance whatsoever, and when Camillus entered the city he found everyone going about their daily life as if there was no war. Camillus ordered the leading men of Tusculum to go to Rome and plead their case. This they did with the dictator of Tusculum as the spokesman. The Romans granted Tusculum peace and not long after full citizenship.
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pitched battle could be historical, and maybe also his capture of
Velitrae as well. No fighting is reported against Velitrae until 369, but this could also be a later invention. However, the claims that the Praenestines marched on Rome via Gabii and the placement of the battle at the Allia are of very doubtful historicity. With regards to the discrepancies between Livy and Festus, Oakley believes that Festus, while mistaken when claiming that Praeneste was stormed, was correct in stating that T, Quinctius dedicated a crown rather than, more magnificently, bringing back a statue from Praeneste.
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Latin resisted the Romans for some time, being familiar with their tactics, but a cavalry charge disrupted their ranks and when the Roman infantry followed up with a fresh attack they were routed. The Volsci and Latins retreated first to
Satricum and thence to Antium. The Romans pursued, but lacked the equipment to lay siege to Antium. After a quarrel whether to continue the war or sue for peace, the Latin forces departed and the Antiates surrendered their city to the Romans. In fury the Latins set fire to Satricum and burned the whole city down except the temple of
1190:. However, there was pestilence in Rome throughout the year and no campaign was launched. Among the revolting colonists a peace party was in favour of asking Rome for pardon, but the war party continued to hold the population's favour and a raid was launched into Roman territory, effectively ending all talk of peace. There was also a rumour that Praeneste had revolted, and the peoples of Tusculum, Gabii and Labici complained that their territories had been invaded, but the Roman senate refused to believe these charges. In 382 consular tribunes
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1294:– a voice coming from the temple is said to have threatened terrible punishment if the fire was not kept away from the shrine. Next the Latins attacked Tusculum. Taken by surprise, the whole city fell except the citadel. A Roman army under consular tribunes L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and Ser. Sulpicius Rufus marched to the Tusculans' relief. The Latins attempted to defend the walls, but caught between the Roman assault and the Tusculans sallying from the citadel they were all killed.
1326:. There had been numerous complaints on both sides and the Romans decided that they would declare war against the Tiburtes if the fetials failed to get redress. This year also saw an invasion of Roman territory by an army of marauding Gauls. After being defeated by the Romans, these Gauls moved into the neighborhood of Tibur where the Gauls and the Tiburtes formed an alliance. After being resupplied by the Tiburtes, the Gauls moved into
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1376:, but the seriousness of the Gallic threat would have provided motive for resuming their alliance with Rome. However, Tibur and Praeneste evidently remained hostile to Rome. None of the other Latin states are recorded as hostile to Rome and presumably continued to supply contingents after 358, and this might be one of the reasons behind the increased pace of Roman expansion during the 350s and 340s.
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League appear to have taken place to the south of her territory. Modern historians have therefore proposed that
Praeneste was overrun or at least came to some kind of understanding with the Aequi. If this was the case Praeneste would not have been part of the Latin League for most of the 5th century. The end of the Aequan threat by the early 4th century freed Praeneste to move against Rome.
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seeking to bring life to their narratives. However, some of them may be based on authentic records; if this is the case here, it may represent an attempt by
Praeneste to win over the Latin cities still loyal to Rome. While the details provided by Livy for the campaign of 382 are plausible, the original records likely only stated there was fighting against Praeneste and Velitrae.
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Praenestines should have joined with the Volsci at
Satricum and been defeated there by Camillus is credible enough; however, most, if not all, the details surrounding the battle, including the supposed quarrel between Camillus and L. Furius, are today considered to be later inventions. Especially the scale of the battle and the Roman victory have been vastly exaggerated.
1397:, commanded against the Tiburtes; according to others, it was only Valerius, while Sulpicius campaigned against the Tarquinienses. Then, in 354, the Romans took Sassula from Tibur. After this, the Tiburtes surrendered and the war was brought to a conclusion. A triumph was celebrated against the Tiburtes. The Fasti Triumphales records that
754:. The Latins initially made an incursion on Roman lands. When a Roman embassy sought restitution for the damage, the Latins gave a contemptuous reply. Ancus accordingly declared war on the Latins. The declaration is notable since, according to Livy, it was the first time that the Romans had declared war by means of the rites of the
890:. When support arrived, the Arician army ventured beyond the walls of the city, and the combined armies met the Clusian forces in battle. According to Livy, the Clusians initially routed the Arician forces, but the Cumaean troops allowed the Clusians to pass by, then attacked from the rear, gaining victory against the Clusians.
1264:. D.S. also records a Roman victory in battle against the Praenestines in this year, but does not provide any details. According to Livy, the next year, 379, the Praenestines renewed hostilities by instigating revolts among the Latins; however, apart from this notice Praeneste is not mentioned again in the sources until 358.
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pontifical records of captured towns. While not all the fighting recorded in this war appears to have been very serious, Tribur and
Praeneste must have been worn down by continuous warfare when they sued for peace in 354. They are not heard from again before the outbreak of the great Latin War in 340.
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With the Latin War the Latins and the Volsci made a final bid to shake off Roman dominion. Once again Rome was victorious. In the peace settlement that followed, Rome annexed some states outright, while others remained autonomous Latin states, but the Latin League was dissolved. Instead the surviving
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Some modern historians have questioned Livy's portrayal of the Latins as rebelling from Rome. Cornell (1995) believes that there was no armed uprising of Latins, rather the military alliance between Rome and the other Latin towns seems to have been allowed to wither. In the preceding decades Rome had
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Livy provides the only full narrative for 380. After a failed census in Rome, the plebeian tribunes started agitating for debt relief and obstructed the enrollment of fresh legions for the war against Praeneste. Not even the news that the Praenestines had advanced into the district of Gabii deterred
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Having described Camillus' victory against the Volsci, Livy and Plutarch move on to a conflict with Tusculum. According to Livy, Camillus found Tusculans among the prisoners taken in the battle against the Volscians. Camillus brought these back to Rome, and after the prisoners had been examined, war
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Livy and Plutarch provide parallel narratives for 381. In that year the Volsci and Praenestines are said to have joined forces and, according to Livy, successfully stormed the Roman colony of Satricum. In response the Romans elected M. Furius Camillus as consular tribune for the sixth time. Camillus
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Of all the old Latin towns, Lanuvium was closest to Pomptine plain; it is therefore no surprise that she now joined the struggle against Rome. Rumours of wars about to break out are common in Livy's writings, but of doubtful historicity; such rumours would have been easy inventions for the annalists
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According to Livy, in 377 the Volsci and Latins united their forces at Satricum. The Roman army, commanded by consular tribunes P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola and L. Aemilius Mamercinus, marched against them. The battle that followed was interrupted on the first day by a rainstorm. On the second the
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was chosen by lot to be his colleague in this undertaking. There are some differences between Livy and Plutarch in their accounts of the campaign that followed. According to Livy the tribunes marched out from the Esquiline Gate for Satricum with an army of four legions, each consisting of 4000 men.
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In the last years of the 380s Praeneste emerged as the leading Latin city in opposition to Rome. In terms of territory Praeneste was the third largest city in Latium, but between 499 and 383 Praeneste is wholly absent from the sources and much of the fighting against the Aequi by Rome and the Latin
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prevented Rome from declaring war on the Latins. When the Latins, Hernici, and the colonists of Circeii and Velitrae tried to persuade the Romans to release those of their countrymen who had been made prisoner, they were refused. That same year Satricum was colonized with 2,000 Roman citizens, each
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marched against Velitrae, their four colleagues being left to defend Rome. The Romans defeated the Veliternian army, which included a large number of Praenestine auxiliaries, but refrained from storming the place, doubting whether a storm would be successful and not wanting to destroy the colony.
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This is the only recorded mention of Empulum and Sassula. They must have been small towns located in territory controlled by Tibur, but their precise locations are unknown. Modern historians consider the capture of such obscure sites unlikely to be invented; they might here ultimately derive from
1350:
There are some inconsistencies in what caused the war between Rome and Tibur, and much of the details for these years are likely invented. The historicity of this Gallic war is itself somewhat dubious; this, along with the fact that both Livy and F.T. assign the triumph to the consul, have led to
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Modern historians generally accept the core of Livy's account of Titus Quinctius' dictatorship and its dating to 380. Thus that he captured nine towns subordinated to Praeneste and forced the Praenestines to sue for peace is considered historical. Oakley (1998) also believes Quinctius' victory in
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Mater Matuta was a deity originally connected with the early morning light, and the temple at Satricum was the chief centre of her cult. However, Livy also records the burning of Satricum, except the temple of Mater Matuta, in 346, this time by the Romans. Modern historians agree that this twice
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was one of the largest Latin cities, but is only scarcely attested in the sources. Like Praeneste, Tibur might therefore have been overrun or detached from the Latin League by the Aequi in the 5th century. Livy then records a long war between Rome and Tibur lasting from 361 to 354. Two triumphs
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and then sacked Rome. According to Livy the Latins and Hernici, after a hundred years of loyal friendship with Rome, used this opportunity to break their treaty with Rome in 389. In his narrative of the years that followed, Livy describes a steady deterioration of relations between Rome and the
1211:
Of the two versions of this battle that have been preserved, Plutarch's is thought to be closer to the earlier annalists than that of Livy. Notably, Livy presents a more noble picture of Camillus than Plutarch, and he has also compressed all the fighting into one day rather than two. That the
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and into the plains. Several peripheral Latin communities appear to have been overrun, and the ancient sources record fighting against either the Aequi, the Volsci, or both almost every year during the first half of the 5th century. This annual warfare would have been dominated by raids and
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often mention men from states formally at peace with Rome fighting in the armies of Rome's enemies in a private capacity. Though this might genuinely reflect Italic warfare of this era, Livy appears here to be using it as a literary motif to bring continuity to his narrative of the 380s.
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By 381 Tusculum was almost surrounded by Roman territory and her annexation was a logical step for Rome. Besides increasing Roman territory and manpower, this had the additional benefit of separating Tibur and Praeneste from the cities on the Alban hills. Tusculum became the first Roman
788:. The town had a strong garrison and was well fortified. Several engagements took place outside the town and the Romans were eventually victorious. Ancus returned to Rome with much loot. More Latins were brought to Rome as citizens and were settled at the foot of the Aventine near the
1439:– citizenship without a vote – which gave them all the rights and duties of a Roman citizen, including that of military service, except the right to vote in the Roman assemblies. This peace settlement was to become a template for how Rome later dealt with other defeated states.
1111:, and in the battle that followed the Romans were once again victorious. The majority of the captives were found to be Hernici and Latins, including men of high rank, which the Romans took as proof that their states were formally assisting the Volscians. However the sedition of
1339:"Balbus" according to Livy, but "Libo Visolus" according to other sources ) led an army against Tibur. However, the Gauls reappeared from Campania and, under Tiburtine leadership, the territories of Labici, Tusculum and Alba were raided. In response, the Romans nominated
1359:
In 358 Latium was again threatened by invasion from the Gauls. Livy records that the Romans granted a new treaty to the Latins on their request. The Latins sent a strong contingent to fight against the Gauls, who had reached Praeneste and settled in the country round
1102:
Dictator to deal with the Volscian war. The Dictator marched his army into the Pomptine territory, which he had heard was being invaded by the Volscians. The Volscian army was once again swelled by Latins and Hernici, including contingents from the Roman colonies of
1148:. The colonies of Circeii and Velitrae are likely to have remained partly inhabited by Volsci, which helps explain their rebellion, but these two settlements more than any other Latin towns would have felt vulnerable to Rome's aggressive designs for the
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in Rome. A great crowd formed, including the freed Latin prisoners, who thanked their captors. Great bonds of friendship were said to have arisen between the Romans and the Latins as a result of this event. The Latins also warned Rome of the Volscian
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two centuries later and these two events have become then confused. This view is accepted by Forsythe (2005). Forsythe considers T. Quinctius Cincinnatus' inscription to be origin of the more famous, but in Forsythe's view fictitious, story of
1314:. From a notice in Diodorus Siculus, it appears that also Praeneste was at war with Rome in this time period, but, except in connection with the Gallic invasion of 358, Praeneste is nowhere mentioned in Livy's account of this time period.
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met the enemy on the frontiers and was victorious, after which Livy says the war was confined to Pometia. Livy says many enemy prisoners were slaughtered by each side. Livy also says that the consuls celebrated a triumph, however the
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Livy records that in 383 Lanuvium, which had so far been loyal to Rome, rebelled. In Rome, on the advice of the senate, the tribes unanimously declared for war on Velitrae after five commissioners had been appointed to distribute the
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commanded against the Tiburtes. He drove them into their city and ravaged their fields. In 355, the Romans took Empulum from the Tiburtes without serious fighting. According to some of the writers consulted by Livy, both consuls,
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and it was reported in Rome that the Latins had sent warriors to assist them. The Latins claimed they had not sent aid to the Antiates, but had not prohibited individuals from volunteering for such service. A Roman army under
1024:
to join with them to attack Rome, and went so far as to deliver the Volscian ambassadors to Rome. The Roman senate, in gratitude, granted freedom to 6,000 Latin prisoners, and in return the Latins sent a crown of gold to the
1364:, in accordance with the old treaty which for many years had not been observed. Led by the Roman dictator C. Sulpicius Peticus, the Roman-Latin army defeated the Gauls. In this year Rome also established the Pomptina
1128:, and the Romans might now have preferred freedom of action to the obligations of the alliance. Also, several Latin towns appear to have remain allied to Rome; based on later events these would have included at least
777:. When the other Latins subsequently occupied the empty town of Politorium, Ancus took the town again and demolished it. Further citizens were removed to Rome when Ancus conquered the Latin towns of Telleni and
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We have no knowledge precisely who these Latins were, or if they had been at war with Rome in the preceding years. The other Latin states cannot have been pleased with the now-permanent Roman presence in the
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Latins. In 387 the situation with Latins and Hernici was brought up in the Roman senate, but the matter was dropped when news reached Rome that Etruria was in arms. In 386 the
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1423:
Map of the Settlement made by Rome with Latin and Italian communities after the Latin War (341–338 BCE); the cities that were given half-citizenship are in orange.
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Division among the Latins is also the stance taken by Oakley (1997) who substantially accepts Cornell's analysis. The continued loyalty of Ardea, Aricia, Gabii,
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According to Livy the immediate cause for this war came in 361 when the Tiburtes closed their gates against a Roman army returning from a campaign against the
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On the second occasion, Tarquinius subdued the entirety of Latium, and took several towns that belonged to the Latins or which had revolted against them:
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against Rome by peace treaty. Porsena split his forces, and sent part of the Clusian army with his son Aruns to besiege the Latin city of
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the war was commenced by the Latins who anticipated Ancus would follow the pious pursuit of peace adopted by his grandfather,
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remains uncertain, its overall purpose seems clear. During the 5th century the Latins were threatened by invasion from the
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as his magister equitum. With the Roman army, they marched into the Latin territory and were victorious at the
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was besieged (although it is not clear by whom), Crustumerium was captured (again it is not clear by whom), and
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1401:, consul, triumphed over the Tiburtes on 3 June. D.S. records that Rome made peace with Praeneste this year.
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The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC)
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The Beginnings of Rome- Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC)
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is said to have brought back a statue of Jupiter from Macedonia after his victories in the
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to be colonies of Rome, revolted against Rome. They had the assistance of the southern
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Livy only provides brief descriptions of the final years of this war. In 356, consul
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Ancus Marcius marched from Rome with a newly levied army and took the Latin town of
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counter-raids rather than the pitched battles described by the ancient sources.
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was assigned the Volscian war by special senatorial decree. His fellow tribune
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was celebrated by Postumius and a triumph by Menenius, both over the Sabines.
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by storm, and from there brought back a great amount of loot to Rome.
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Based on the report of the tribunes, Rome declared war on Praeneste.
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Latin states were bound to Rome by separate bilateral treaties. The
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1846:
A Commentary on Livy Books VI-X, Volume 1 Introduction and Book VI
1343:
as dictator. The dictator defeated the Gauls in a battle near the
1020:
Shortly afterwards, in 495 BC, the Latins resisted calls from the
680:
193:. The primary sources don't call them "Roman–Latin wars". This is
2025:
2023:
1351:
doubts about the historicity of Servilius' dictatorship as well.
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1137:
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935:
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883:
875:
871:
833:
818:
770:
508:
480:
462:
1354:
1232:
1187:
1156:
1082:
1056:
1021:
874:(at that time reputed to be one of the most powerful cities of
778:
755:
685:
496:
439:
383:
2020:
1076:
In 390 a Gaulish warband first defeated the Roman army at the
1071:
1361:
1306:
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grown considerably in power, especially with the conquest of
1052:
887:
504:
1673:; Plutarch, Camillus 33.1 (who does not mention the Hernici)
1644:
1625:
1606:
1585:
1564:
1543:
1522:
1501:
1480:
1454:
1238:
1167:
1125:
911:
891:
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690:
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occurred before 588 BC, Tarquinius took the Latin town of
2043:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 257.
799:
1281:' dictatorship and victory against the Aequi in 458 BC.
997:
In 499 BC, or possibly 496 BC, war broke out. At first
2222:
A Commentary on Livy Books VI-X, Volume 2 Books VII-VII
2017:; D.H. xiv 6; Plutarch, Camillus 38.1–4; Cass. fr. 28.2
1301:
1094:
and P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola met the Antiates at
765:
by storm. Its residents were removed to settle on the
2224:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 111–112.
1848:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 353–356.
953:
The battle of Lake Regillus and the foedus Cassianum
808:the Latins went to war with Rome on two occasions.
1433:, who had sided with the Latins, were organized as
2135:Cornell, p. 323; Oakley, p. 358; Forsythe, p. 258
1936:
1934:
1333:Next year, 360, consul Gaius Poetilius (with the
855:
2859:
1284:
1255:by T.Quinctus Cincinnatus Capitolinus in 380 BC
1215:
921:Livy says that a Roman army led by the consuls
1931:
1317:
1034:which occurred shortly after in the same year
2452:
1355:Renewed alliance between Roman and the Latins
635:
531:
2836:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
1476:
1474:
1472:
545:
1072:Defection of the Latins from Rome (389–385)
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2459:
2445:
1408:
1310:connected to this war are recorded in the
971:. Because of this (and also because of a
784:The war then focused on the Latin town of
642:
628:
538:
524:
1469:
347:Learn how and when to remove this message
329:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2406:Oakley, pp. 6, 193, 196; Forsythe p. 277
2038:
1418:
1379:
1242:
1239:Dictatorship of T. Quinctius Cincinnatus
1168:War between Rome and Praeneste (383–379)
27:Wars between ancient Rome and the Latins
2607:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
2431:, London, Routledge, 1995, pp. 349–351.
1818:
1063:-speaking peoples migrating out of the
941:In the following year the consuls were
14:
2860:
2466:
2219:
1843:
897:
800:War with Rome under Tarquinius Priscus
734:
97:Please improve this article by adding
2440:
894:says the Clusian army was destroyed.
811:On the first, which according to the
711:were a series of wars fought between
623:
519:
2908:4th century BC in the Roman Republic
2903:5th century BC in the Roman Republic
2898:6th century BC in the Roman Republic
2715:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
1823:. New York: Routledge. p. 322.
1302:War between Rome and Tibur (361–354)
649:
267:adding citations to reliable sources
238:
172:
70:
29:
2893:6th century BC in the Roman Kingdom
2888:7th century BC in the Roman Kingdom
24:
2063:Cornell, p. 323-324, Oakley p. 357
25:
2929:
2913:Wars involving the Roman Republic
1059:, as part of a larger pattern of
1027:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
878:) departed Rome after ending his
45:This article has multiple issues.
2918:Wars involving the Roman Kingdom
2848:Military history of ancient Rome
2041:A Critical History of Early Rome
1247:Roman military campaign against
1186:and three to settle a colony at
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177:
75:
34:
2831:Civil wars of the Third Century
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254:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2029:Cornell, p. 323, Oakley p. 357
1619:
1600:
1579:
1558:
1537:
1516:
1495:
1448:
979:was appointed as Rome's first
862:War between Clusium and Aricia
856:War between Clusium and Aricia
13:
1:
1442:
1285:Destruction of Satricum (377)
1009:was appointed dictator, with
671:Tarquinius Priscus' Campaigns
584:Roman conquest of the Hernici
99:secondary or tertiary sources
1279:Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
1216:Roman annexation of Tusculum
852:, before agreeing to peace.
7:
2343:Cornell p.324; Oakley, p. 5
1318:Tibur allies with the Gauls
1176:
902:In 503 BC two Latin towns,
207:the claims made and adding
10:
2934:
1412:
1270:Titus Quinctius Flamininus
1161:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1116:to receive two and a half
1113:Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
956:
927:Publius Postumius Tubertus
859:
2844:
2789:Roman conquest of Britain
2760:
2474:
1974:Plutarch, Camillus 37.3–5
1953:; Plutarch, Camillus 37.2
1877:Cornell, pp. 306, 322–323
1005:defected to the Romans.
806:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
661:
559:
420:
366:
361:
2883:4th-century BC conflicts
2878:5th-century BC conflicts
2873:6th-century BC conflicts
2868:7th-century BC conflicts
2144:Oakley, pp. 358, 608–609
1928:Oakley, pp. 356, 573–574
973:dispute with the Sabines
923:Agrippa Menenius Lanatus
550:Roman expansion in Italy
2486:Roman conquest of Italy
2039:Forsythe, Gary (2005).
2004:Plutarch, Camillus 38.1
1819:Cornell, T. J. (1995).
1409:The Latin War (340–338)
1015:Battle of Lake Regillus
804:When Rome was ruled by
666:Ancus Marcius' Campaign
2220:Oakley, S. P. (1998).
1844:Oakley, S. P. (1997).
1436:civitas sine suffragio
1424:
1256:
1136:to which Cornell adds
1100:Aulus Cornelius Cossus
1092:Marcus Furius Camillus
959:Latin War (498–493 BC)
86:relies excessively on
2816:Domitian's Dacian War
2735:Liberators' civil war
1422:
1395:M. Valerius Poplicola
1380:Conclusion of the war
1274:Second Macedonian War
1246:
1037:In 493 a treaty, the
2821:Trajan's Dacian Wars
2506:Roman–Hernician wars
1391:C. Sulpicius Peticus
1205:L. Furius Medullinus
715:(including both the
263:improve this article
2720:Roman–Parthian Wars
2511:Roman–Volscian wars
2491:Roman–Etruscan Wars
2192:Oakley, pp. 642–643
1868:Oakley, pp. 446–447
1192:Sp. and L. Papirius
1078:Battle of the Allia
1011:Titus Aebutius Elva
898:The Pometian revolt
792:, by the temple of
735:First war with Rome
579:Roman–Volscian wars
564:Roman–Etruscan Wars
406:Dissolution of the
2826:Roman–Persian Wars
2725:Caesar's civil war
2597:Roman–Seleucid war
2496:Roman-Aequian wars
2468:Ancient Roman wars
2425:Timothy J. Cornell
2310:Oakley, pp. 7, 151
1425:
1399:M. Fabius Ambustus
1386:M. Popilius Laenas
1341:Q. Servilius Ahala
1257:
1184:Pomptine territory
1087:Pomptine territory
686:War with Praeneste
569:Roman-Aequian wars
278:"Roman–Latin wars"
188:possibly contains
110:"Roman–Latin wars"
2855:
2854:
2811:Jewish–Roman wars
2683:Sulla's civil war
2677:Bellum Octavianum
2565:Illyro-Roman Wars
2538:Roman–Gallic wars
2516:Roman–Sabine wars
2231:978-0-19-815226-2
2072:Oakley p. 603-604
1830:978-0-415-01596-7
1312:Fasti Triumphales
965:Octavius Mamilius
932:Fasti Triumphales
814:Fasti Triumphales
704:
703:
617:
616:
609:Roman–Sabine wars
514:
513:
474:(793 BC – 338 BC)
416:
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357:
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237:
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190:original research
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
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2777:Marcomannic Wars
2688:Mithridatic Wars
2612:Celtiberian Wars
2501:Roman–Latin wars
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2102:Fest. 498L s.v.
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1040:Foedus Cassianum
989:magister equitum
943:Opiter Virginius
709:Roman–Latin wars
656:
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653:Roman–Latin wars
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574:Roman–Latin wars
554:
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362:Roman–Latin wars
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2794:Boudican revolt
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2632:Cantabrian Wars
2570:Macedonian Wars
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1919:Cornell, p. 322
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1650:Ab urbe condita
1643:
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1630:Ab urbe condita
1624:
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1611:Ab urbe condita
1605:
1601:
1591:Ab urbe condita
1584:
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1570:Ab urbe condita
1563:
1559:
1549:Ab urbe condita
1542:
1538:
1528:Ab urbe condita
1521:
1517:
1507:Ab urbe condita
1500:
1496:
1486:Ab urbe condita
1479:
1470:
1460:Ab urbe condita
1453:
1449:
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1427:
1417:
1411:
1382:
1374:Pomptine region
1357:
1320:
1304:
1287:
1241:
1218:
1179:
1170:
1150:Pomptine region
1074:
1007:Aulus Postumius
985:Spurius Cassius
961:
955:
934:record that an
900:
864:
858:
802:
737:
705:
700:
657:
652:
650:
648:
618:
613:
599:Cisalpine Gauls
555:
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429:
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374:643 BC – 338 BC
353:
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92:primary sources
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39:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2741:Bellum Siculum
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2700:
2695:
2685:
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2673:
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2651:
2646:
2644:Jugurthine War
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
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2617:Lusitanian War
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2599:
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2587:
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2561:
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2534:
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2528:
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2513:
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2503:
2498:
2493:
2482:
2480:
2478:Roman Republic
2472:
2471:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2441:
2434:
2433:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2397:D.S., xvi.45.8
2390:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2345:
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2324:
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2303:
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2279:
2277:Oakley, p. 149
2270:
2258:
2246:
2244:Oakley, p. 5-6
2237:
2230:
2212:
2210:Oakley, p. 359
2203:
2201:Oakley, p. 352
2194:
2185:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2153:Oakley, p. 608
2146:
2137:
2128:
2116:
2107:
2095:
2086:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2049:
2031:
2019:
2006:
1997:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1955:
1942:
1940:Oakley, p. 357
1930:
1921:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1886:Oakley, p. 338
1879:
1870:
1861:
1854:
1836:
1829:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1759:
1747:
1735:
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1711:
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1675:
1662:
1637:
1618:
1599:
1578:
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1515:
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1446:
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1441:
1413:Main article:
1410:
1407:
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1378:
1356:
1353:
1319:
1316:
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1300:
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1283:
1240:
1237:
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1175:
1169:
1166:
1073:
1070:
957:Main article:
954:
951:
899:
896:
860:Main article:
857:
854:
801:
798:
752:Numa Pompilius
736:
733:
721:Roman Republic
702:
701:
699:
698:
693:
691:War with Tibur
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
662:
659:
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632:
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451:Roman Republic
443:
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185:
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83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2930:
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2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
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2834:
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2829:
2827:
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2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2772:Germanic wars
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2752:War of Actium
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:
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2126:
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2105:
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2060:
2052:
2050:0-520-24991-7
2046:
2042:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2010:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:Okley, p. 580
1980:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1952:
1946:
1937:
1935:
1925:
1916:
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1904:
1898:
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1200:
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1035:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:Titus Larcius
974:
970:
966:
960:
950:
948:
944:
939:
937:
933:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
863:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
815:
809:
807:
797:
795:
791:
790:Palatine Hill
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Aventine Hill
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
746:According to
744:
742:
741:Ancus Marcius
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:Roman Kingdom
714:
710:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
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498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Aefore 509 BC
445:
444:
441:
437:
436:Before 793 BC
434:
432:
431:Roman Kingdom
428:
427:Before 793 BC
425:
424:
419:
409:
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396:
395:
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301:
297:
294:
290:
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283:
280: –
279:
275:
274:Find sources:
268:
264:
258:
257:
252:This section
250:
246:
241:
240:
231:
228:
220:
210:
206:
202:
196:
192:
191:
186:This article
184:
175:
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165:
162:
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143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
94:
93:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2846:
2801:Armenian War
2764:Roman Empire
2747:Perusine War
2739:
2675:
2654:Servile Wars
2649:Cimbrian War
2602:Galatian War
2521:Samnite Wars
2500:
2428:
2420:
2415:Oakley, p. 6
2411:
2402:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2352:Oakley, p. 7
2348:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2240:
2221:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2182:6.32.4–33.12
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2119:
2114:D.S, xv.47.8
2110:
2103:
2098:
2089:
2083:6.27.3–29.10
2077:
2068:
2059:
2040:
2034:
2009:
2000:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1964:6.22.7–24.11
1958:
1945:
1924:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1845:
1839:
1820:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1665:
1648:
1640:
1621:
1602:
1589:
1581:
1568:
1560:
1547:
1539:
1526:
1518:
1505:
1497:
1484:
1458:
1450:
1434:
1426:
1403:
1383:
1370:
1358:
1349:
1345:Colline Gate
1334:
1332:
1321:
1305:
1296:
1292:Mater Matuta
1288:
1266:
1258:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1197:
1180:
1171:
1154:
1122:
1085:invaded the
1075:
1049:Latin League
1038:
1036:
1019:
996:
993:
962:
940:
920:
901:
868:Lars Porsena
865:
838:Crustumerium
823:
812:
810:
803:
783:
760:
745:
738:
713:ancient Rome
708:
706:
651:
589:Samnite Wars
573:
476:
472:Latin League
468:After 793 BC
467:
454:
446:
435:
426:
421:Belligerents
408:Latin League
343:
325:
316:
306:
299:
292:
285:
273:
261:Please help
256:verification
253:
223:
214:
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2762:Wars of the
2710:Gallic Wars
2639:Achaean War
2526:Pyrrhic War
2476:Wars of the
2093:D.H., XIV 5
2015:6.25.5–26.8
947:Sp. Cassius
866:In 508 BC,
594:Pyrrhic War
2862:Categories
2782:Gothic War
2543:Punic Wars
2531:Social War
1443:References
1431:Campanians
1228:municipium
910:, said by
826:Corniculum
763:Politorium
723:) and the
696:340–338 BC
681:389–385 BC
676:498–493 BC
604:Social War
493:Campanians
319:April 2023
289:newspapers
217:April 2023
201:improve it
151:April 2023
121:newspapers
88:references
50:improve it
2288:7.11.2–11
1768:6.12.6–11
1415:Latin War
1249:Praeneste
1120:of land.
1065:Apennines
1061:Sabellian
1003:Praeneste
729:Latin War
205:verifying
56:talk page
2387:7.19.1–2
2375:7.18.1–2
2300:7.12.1–5
1994:6.25.1–5
1951:6.22.3–4
1909:6.22.1–3
1897:6.21.2–9
1796:6.17.7–8
1772:6.13.1–8
1732:6.10.6–9
1720:6.8.4–10
1336:cognomen
1328:Campania
1253:Velitrae
1177:Outbreak
1142:Lavinium
1134:Lanuvium
1130:Tusculum
1109:Velitrae
1096:Satricum
1083:Antiates
1055:and the
1032:invasion
981:dictator
969:Tusculum
870:king of
850:Nomentum
846:Medullia
842:Ameriola
786:Medullia
719:and the
501:Sidicini
459:Samnites
379:Location
195:WP:SYNTH
2333:7.15.12
2255:7.9.1–2
1696:6.6.4–5
1684:6.6.2–3
1671:6.2.3–4
1634:2:19–20
1324:Hernici
1157:Labicum
1105:Circeii
1045:Hernici
999:Fidenae
987:as his
983:, with
936:ovation
918:tribe.
916:Aurunci
904:Pometia
876:Etruria
872:Clusium
834:Cameria
830:Ficulea
819:Apiolae
771:Sabines
756:fetials
509:Aurunci
485:Pometia
481:Clusium
477:Allies:
463:Ariccia
455:Allies:
400:victory
303:scholar
199:Please
135:scholar
2698:Second
2664:Second
2590:Fourth
2580:Second
2553:Second
2385:Livy,
2373:Livy,
2363:7.17.2
2361:Livy,
2331:Livy,
2321:7.12.7
2319:Livy,
2298:Livy,
2286:Livy,
2267:7.11.1
2265:Livy,
2253:Livy,
2228:
2180:Livy,
2125:6.30.8
2123:Livy,
2081:Livy,
2047:
2013:Livy,
1992:Livy,
1962:Livy,
1949:Livy,
1907:Livy,
1895:Livy,
1852:
1827:
1808:6.15.2
1806:Livy,
1794:Livy,
1784:6.14.1
1782:Livy,
1770:&
1766:Livy,
1756:6.12.1
1754:Livy,
1744:6.11.9
1742:Livy,
1730:Livy,
1718:Livy,
1706:Livy,
1694:Livy,
1682:Livy,
1669:Livy,
1233:aedile
1188:Nepete
1138:Aricia
1118:jugera
1057:Volsci
1022:Volsci
884:Aricia
828:, old
794:Murcia
779:Ficana
775:Albans
725:Latins
497:Volsci
440:Latins
391:Result
384:Latium
305:
298:
291:
284:
276:
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
2703:Third
2693:First
2669:Third
2659:First
2585:Third
2575:First
2558:Third
2548:First
1708:7.7.1
1366:tribe
1362:Pedum
1307:Tibur
1262:pound
1146:Ardea
1053:Aequi
888:Cumae
505:Tibur
398:Roman
310:JSTOR
296:books
142:JSTOR
128:books
2226:ISBN
2045:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1655:2.22
1645:Livy
1626:Livy
1615:2:18
1607:Livy
1596:2.17
1586:Livy
1575:2.16
1565:Livy
1554:2.14
1544:Livy
1533:1:38
1523:Livy
1512:1:35
1502:Livy
1491:1:33
1481:Livy
1465:1:32
1455:Livy
1393:and
1251:and
1144:and
1132:and
1126:Veii
1107:and
945:and
925:and
912:Livy
908:Cora
906:and
892:Livy
848:and
773:and
748:Livy
707:The
489:Cora
371:Date
282:news
114:news
975:),
967:of
880:war
265:by
203:by
90:to
2864::
2427:,
2022:^
1933:^
1659:24
1657:,
1653:,
1647:,
1632:,
1628:,
1613:,
1609:,
1594:,
1588:,
1573:,
1567:,
1552:,
1546:,
1531:,
1525:,
1510:,
1504:,
1489:,
1483:,
1471:^
1463:,
1457:,
1368:.
1330:.
1152:.
1140:,
1017:.
991:.
844:,
840:,
836:,
832:,
796:.
781:.
758:.
743:.
731:.
101:.
59:.
2460:e
2453:t
2446:v
2234:.
2053:.
1858:.
1833:.
643:e
636:t
629:v
539:e
532:t
525:v
410:.
350:)
344:(
332:)
326:(
321:)
317:(
307:·
300:·
293:·
286:·
259:.
230:)
224:(
219:)
215:(
197:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
95:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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