2830:
735:
1533:
3548:
2827:
3500:
3536:
3512:
250:
3560:
3524:
238:
4710:
1343:
1451:
909:
49:
4291:
4319:
4263:
389:
4680:
4540:
4694:
4526:
4512:
4498:
4484:
1390:
1330:. In the mid-1990s, the situation of the land forces was critical: the military budget was one third that of 1989 (636 million dollars), 50% of the equipment was older than 30 years, and 60% of the armoured vehicles and 85% of the missile units were non-operational. Due to lack of fuel and training, the level of combat readiness and military capability was extremely low (only about 30% of the entire land forces were operational). However, after 1996 the
1463:
1545:
4624:
4277:
4610:
4582:
226:
4361:
4431:
4417:
4305:
4596:
4347:
4333:
4249:
3474:
1351:
4666:
4470:
4554:
4403:
77:
989:
4389:
4652:
4568:
4375:
4444:
4638:
457:
1041:. Thirty per cent of the officers and noncommissioned officers (mostly experienced soldiers, and a potential source of opposition) were purged from the military. This involved copying the Soviet model of military and political organisation, and changing the military doctrine of combat and defence, also in the context of Romania's integration in the strategic system of the Soviets, at the beginning of the
1729:
1437:
547:
1218:
artillery, antitank, and air defence regiments of divisions provided specialised fire support that enabled motorised rifle and tank regiments to maneuver. Each of the four Army
Commands comprised an antiaircraft artillery brigade and an air defense missile artillery regiment (Surface-to-Air). Three of the four air defense missile regiments were equipped with
528:(also known as the Cadrilater). Although some 330,000 troops were mobilised, the Romanians met little resistance in Bulgaria and as such this is not considered a major conflict in Romanian history. This was due to historical claims on land and the area no longer belongs to Romania. During the Second Balkan War, the Romanian Army suffered
1411:). 2025 is the set date for when the long-term stage is to be completed (full technical integration in NATO and the EU). The stages aim at modernising the structure of the armed forces, reducing the number of personnel, as well as acquiring newer and improved technology that is compatible with NATO standards.
798:, two separate artillery battalions, a TA unit, and the Air Force's 3rd Army Cooperation Command. The 4th Army consisted of the 3rd Army Corps, the 5th Army Corps, the 11th Army Corps (two fortress brigades), and the 4th Army Cooperation Command. The army group-level 2nd Army Corps, under Major General
1208:
The mechanized divisions were organized along the Soviet model with a division HQ, three mechanized infantry regiments, one tank regiment, combat and service support units, and a full complement of 10,700 infantry soldiers, having 130 main battle tanks, 216 wheeled armoured personnel carriers (APCs),
367:
of 1989, due to shortage of funds, many units were disbanded and much equipment was phased out. Likewise, Romanian military capability declined because of a lack of fuel as well as training. However, since the late 1990s, a number of positive changes have come about and the level of combat readiness
1052:
the RLF reached a level of 12 rifle, one mechanised, and one tank division. From 1959 the rifle and mechanised divisions were converted to mechanized (motorized rifle) divisions, and reductions in strength began. Rottman writes that "force size dropped to six mechanized and two armored divisions by
1000:
led to a complete reorganisation of the
Romanian Land Forces under the supervision of the Red Army. At the onset, pro-German elements were purged from the Romanian armed forces. In 1944–45, two divisions were formed out of Romanian volunteers—ex-prisoners of war, trained and indoctrinated in the
1276:
anti-tank guided missiles), placed especially in the areas most exposed to a possible armored attack, and subordinated to the four army commands. Besides these, there were also nine anti-tank artillery battalions, mostly subordinated to the mechanized divisions, some equipped with
Romanian made
1299:
tactical ballistic missile systems. Each mechanized division had a "Luna-M" missile battalion, while two of the four army commands had also an "Elbrus" missile brigade. Proven to be fairly inaccurate in combat, "Luna-M" (a.k.a. FROG-7) and "Elbrus" (a.k.a. SCUD-B) missiles would be rather less
1217:
MRL system). Compared to similar Soviet, Hungarian, or
Bulgarian divisions, the Romanian ones were more poorly equipped, both in terms of number and quality of heavy weapons. The armored divisions were composed of 3 tank regiments and one mechanized infantry regiment plus support units. The
1402:
The
Romanian Land Forces are undergoing a three-stage modernisation. In 2007, the first short-term stage was completed (reorganisation of the command structure and implementation of the voluntary military service). 2015 marked the end of the second stage (operational integration in both
1300:
effective weapons carrying conventional high-explosive warheads. Tipped with nuclear or chemical warheads, however, they could be devastating. According to one former
Romanian official writing in 1988, Romania produced chemical agents that could be delivered by battlefield missiles. The
1304:
specialised troops, reactivated in 1961, were formed up into an independent branch of the RLF with 4 separate mountain brigades in 1989. The vânători de munte were seen as the best-trained forces of the Army in the communist
Romania. Each brigade had a mechanized company equipped with
595:
stalled the attack in
November 1916, and drove back the Romanian forces. At the same time, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman forces invaded southern Romania, forcing the country into a two-front war. The Central Powers drove deep into Romania and conquered the southern part of the country
1021:
from 1946 to 1947). These two units formed the nucleus of the new
Romanian Land Forces under Soviet control. The postwar reorganization of the Land Forces included cavalry, but the arm disappeared from the force with the disbandment in November 1954 of the 59th Cavalry Division at
1245:-800 tanks, the 10th and 81st Mechanized Divisions and the 6th Tank Division operated soviet and Czechoslovak built T-55/-55A/-55AM tanks, while the remaining three mechanized divisions (1st, 18th and 67th) were equipped with mixed equipment, including a number of outdated soviet
1791:. After the revolution, the units suffered from a lack of funds which resulted in the temporary disbandment of the 313th Battalion. However, their equipment was completely overhauled in the past few years and the combat readiness and capabilities have regained full strength.
2202:"Turcii îngrămădind cele mai mari trupe la Plevna ne nimicesc. Rog să faci fuziune, demonstrațiune și dacă-i posibil sã treci Dunărea cu armată după cum dorești. Între Jiu si Corabia demonstrațiunea aceasta este absolut necesară pentru înlesnirea mișcărilor mele"
2230:
1822:, many firing ranges and training areas were closed and abandoned due to lack of funds. Currently, the military schools and training units of the Romanian Land Forces are directly subordinated to the central headquarters. There are 5 military
1771:
Force Recon course, as well as other courses. The
Special Forces battalion became fully operational during 2007, after a company had already been commissioned in early 2006. In 2018, the 6th Special Operations Brigade was transformed into the
3838:
3780:
1321:
During the early 1990s, some major units were disbanded and much equipment was phased out or scrapped due to a severe shortage of funds. The whole land forces structure was reorganized from armies into territorial corps, and from
802:, controlled the 9th and 10th Infantry Divisions and the 7th Cavalry Brigade. Additionally the 1st Armoured Division was formed for service on the Eastern Front. The Army Group's first offensive, in conjunction with the
3700:
3171:
3102:
2234:
1053:
1970 . From 1970 to 1976, three more motor rifle divisions were formed, but one was deactivated in 1977, and the eight motor rifle and two armored division figure remained that way for the rest of the Cold War."
2916:
3151:
1167:
According to the 165-year 'History of Modern Romanian Artillery,' in 1989 each of the four armies were organized into a headquarters and reporting formations under them, which were organized as follows:
1385:
Currently, about 75,000 military personnel and 15,000 civilians comprise the armed forces, for a total of 90,000 men and women. Out of the 75,000 military personnel, about 43,000 are in the Land Forces.
1334:
took serious action; the military budget was increased greatly, and modernisation of equipment commenced. Officially, the program to modernize and restructure the armed forces began on 11 April 2000.
3768:
3357:
2605:
1756:
1422:
voted to abolish conscription in October 2005, with the vote formalising one of many military modernisation and reform programmes that Romania agreed to when it joined NATO in March 2004.
1226:
SAMs In the late 1980s the artillery regiments of mechanized and tank divisions were organized into a regimental HQ, two artillery battalions and one multiple rocket launcher battalion.
2155:
1241:"Ural-1" tanks. The 9th and the 11th Mechanized Divisions operated Romanian built TR-77-580 tanks, the 2nd Mechanized Division and the 57th Tank Division operated Romanian built
657:, Romania was left isolated and unable to continue the war, and was forced to sign the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers. Later on, in 1919, Germany agreed, in the
3217:
3094:
3402:
CODRESCU, Costache (coordonator) – Armata Română în Revoluţia din decembrie 1989. Studiu documentar. Ediţia a II-a revăzută şi completată, Ed. Militară, București, 1998;
1505:. Before June 2008, the 1st and 4th divisions were known as the 1st Territorial Army Corps and the 4th Territorial Army Corps, and in turn they used to be known as the
1795:
1264:
The predominantly defensive structure of the Romanian Land Forces was also highlighted by the five anti-tank (missile-artillery) regiments (each with 36 Romanian made
930:
deposed Marshal Antonescu and set up a pro-Soviet government. It has been estimated that the royal coup shortened the war by six months. Romania soon declared war on
1378:, while ten combat, five combat support and two logistic brigades were further mobilised in case of crisis. Many of these units have been reorganized as part of the
2409:
3574:
1072:, and Bucharest. Armies seem to have succeeded military regions in 1960, and three armies seem to have become four in 1980. What is known is that on 01.07.1947
3587:
2321:
2808:
2785:
appears to be the most authoritative source. The U.S. Country Study, along with several other sources, listed four airborne regiments for some time, but the
1079:
During the 1980s, the land forces numbered 140,000 personnel, of whom two thirds were conscripts. In 1989 the land forces were organized in four armies: the
743:
3290:
2699:
2789:
Military Balance 1991-92, p.82, revealed that this long-held western belief was mistaken; new official Romanian information available after the end of the
1561:
3124:
3692:
3354:
3422:
2602:
1213:
and 12 truck-mounted (Romanian production) 122mm. multiple rocket launchers APR-40 (which will become later, after an extensive modernization, the
3073:
2934:
471:
2632:, "'Umbrela protectoare' a consilierilor sovietici. Armata Roșie în România (Prolonged and Defying Stationing of Soviet Troops in Romania)", in
3776:
3658:
1745:
1209:
30 wheeled armoured reconnaissance vehicles, 18 light SPGs SU-76, 54 towed 120mm. M-38/-43 (or Md.1982 120mm. Romanian made) mortars, 36 towed
1202:
11th Mechanized Division, 81st Mechanized Division, 6th Tank Division, the 1st and 5th Mountain Brigades and the 37th Tactical Missile Brigade
422:). However, due to the lack of proper equipment and the hesitation of some revolution leaders, Magheru ordered his troops to disband when the
4213:
3830:
3772:
3462:
2769:
2744:
1991:
493:
3152:"Blindatele Piranha 5: General Dynamics a atribuit un contract de 120 mil. euro către Elbit pentru turele și mortiere construite în România"
2882:
2518:
1803:
1076:
became 3rd Military Region, based in Cluj. The 3rd Military Region became the 3rd Army on 30 April 1960, and the 4th Army on 5 April 1980.
4709:
3440:
3179:
1566:
The Romanian Land Forces have completely overhauled their equipment in the past few years, replacing them with more modern equipment. The
850:
2353:
3894:
3592:
3552:
3405:
SAVA, Constantin; MONAC, Constantin – Revoluţia din decembrie 1989 percepută prin documentele vremii. Ed. Axioma Edit, București, 2000.
1885:
and military facilities in Europe, with a total surface area of 270 square kilometres. It was announced on December 6, 2006 that 1,500
1773:
712:
2428:
2102:
3192:
1906:
3625:
2381:
1787:
battalions (the 313th, the 317th and the 528th) are also considered special forces units, and were formed in the 1960s during the
1517:
standards, they were renamed and reorganized as divisions. In 2010, the Joint HQ command was renamed as the 2nd Infantry Division
1157:
1010:
4150:
3834:
3004:
2469:
2052:
1806:. It is a military special unit, formed of highly skilled individuals, a very large percentage of its members being champions in
3950:
3814:
3688:
3615:
3240:
3211:
2672:
1482:
1064:, and Bucharest in the west, east, and south, respectively. In wartime the land forces in each military region would become an
1018:
3051:
954:) were pressed into action. After expelling the last of the Wehrmacht and Hungarian Army units from Romania at the battles of
3856:
3748:
3704:
3032:
1431:
1355:
1176:
688:
3307:
4614:
4105:
3014:
2047:
2586:
734:
3504:
2727:
2692:
2613:
2560:. East European monographs. Boulder: New York: East European Monographs ; distributed by Columbia University Press.
2406:
1467:
529:
2959:
3651:
3334:
692:
669:, which put Bulgaria out of the war, Romania re-entered the war on 10 November 1918, a day before its end in the West.
2985:
1777:
661:
Article 259, to renounce all the benefits provided to it by the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918. After the success of the
4206:
3818:
3810:
3455:
2565:
2543:
2499:
2013:
1764:
1633:
1513:
prior to 2000. However, due to their personnel having been reduced considerably in order to reach compatibility with
1149:
1763:
was created in March 2003. Members of the special forces battalion have benefitted from courses abroad, such as the
3752:
3564:
2805:
2271:
1995:
1125:
2029:
3793:
3756:
3731:
3696:
3285:
2077:
1532:
1121:
1073:
866:
3887:
1233:-85 tanks, 785 Soviet and Czechoslovak T-55/-55A/-55AM tanks, 415 Romanian built TR-77-580, 535 Romanian built
1229:
In terms of their combat equipment, the RLF operated a total of 2,825 tanks: 1,059 outdated (soviet WW-2 type)
885:
615:, successfully defended the remaining unoccupied territories against German and Austro-Hungarian forces led by
508:
and several other battles. The Romanians won the war, but suffered about 10,000 casualties (dead and wounded).
2125:
4734:
4175:
3644:
3610:
1886:
1186:
9th Mechanized Division, 10th Mechanized Division, 67th Mechanized Division and 32nd Tactical Missile Brigade
979:
647:
325:
293:
63:
17:
4435:
4199:
4180:
3620:
3470:
3448:
3426:
2558:
From the royal armed forces to the popular armed forces: Sovietization of the Romanian military (1948–1955)
1493:
assumes the role of supreme commander. The main combat formations of Romania are the 2nd Infantry Division
1210:
997:
846:
501:
451:
345:
297:
3393:
3070:
1291:
battalions were divided into four batteries, each equipped with one missile launcher. The RLF operated 32
289:, full professionalization and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Land Forces.
2855:
1250:
1117:
1002:
580:
352:
until the end of the war, Romania fought against Germany under the control of the Soviet Union. When the
4729:
2491:
2340:
1768:
1684:
1288:
1278:
1265:
700:
678:
541:
411:
329:
2931:
889:
3880:
2696:
2658:
Gordon L. Rottman, 'Warsaw Pact Ground Forces,' Osprey Elite Series No.10, Osprey, London, 1987, p.45
1674:
1582:
are the most modern, domestically produced equipment of the Romanian Land Forces. Also, 43 ex-German
1579:
1553:
983:
877:
696:
654:
114:
4160:
2291:"A novel method to combat the cholera epidemic among the Romanian Army during the Balkan War – 1913"
1194:
2nd Mechanized Division, 18th Mechanized Division, the 7th Tank Brigade and the 4th Mountain Brigade
631:
321:
4095:
3940:
1924:
1712:
1597:
1443:
1393:
Soldiers firing a 120 mm mortar (locally made, Model 1982) during the Getica 2008 military exercise
1164:), one armored brigade, four mountain (infantry) brigades, and four parachute infantry regiments.
1030:
897:
791:
755:
704:
3930:
2773:
2748:
2322:"Epidemiile în istorie | O epidemie uitată. Holera, România și al Doilea Război Balcanic din 1913"
1827:
1268:
and 12 ATGM launcher vehicle based on BRDM-2 4x4 scout armoured car a.k.a. 9P133 "Malyutka" (with
4544:
4516:
4421:
4170:
4135:
4065:
4055:
4040:
4010:
3935:
2879:
2325:
2156:"Revoluția de la 1848, 170 de ani: Lupta din Dealul Spirii încheie Revoluția din Țara Românească"
2110:
1415:
1282:
951:
724:
4628:
4530:
4267:
4110:
4060:
4050:
4035:
3965:
3945:
3925:
3860:
3399:
Gordon L. Rottman, 'Warsaw Pact Ground Forces,' Osprey Elite Series No.10, Osprey, London, 1987
1956:
1310:
1301:
853:, where, during the Soviet counter-offensive of November 1942, the thinly spread forces of the
827:
795:
313:
106:
4488:
4281:
4165:
4090:
4045:
3955:
3582:
3540:
3489:
3478:
2715:
2515:
1894:
1419:
1104:
1088:
943:
862:
803:
627:
282:
249:
140:
2953:
1414:
Romania abolished compulsory military service on October 23, 2006. This came about due to a
1309:
APCs and a mountain artillery battalion of 76mm. mountain guns Md.1982 (similar to Yugoslav
1056:
From 1947 to 1960 the country seems to have been divided into three major military regions:
822:, and in 1942 advanced with other Axis forces deeper into Soviet territory during operation
4351:
4025:
3995:
3980:
2255:
Dan Falcan (March 2022). "Războiul din 1877-1878, independența României și Marile Puteri".
2208:
to lay us waste. I ask you to make mergers, demonstrations and if it is possible cross the
1943:; in fact, Romania had only three marshals coming from the officers` rank in its history:
1940:
1628:
armoured vehicles. The first batch of 36 vehicles, produced at GDELS-Mowag's facilities in
1490:
1096:
1080:
935:
927:
881:
819:
783:
767:
658:
643:
635:
619:
592:
406:
237:
3081:
807:
601:
550:
8:
4670:
4474:
4253:
4225:
4130:
4030:
3920:
3602:
2538:("An Honest History of the Romanian People"), Ed. Univers Enciclopedic, București, 1997,
1819:
1501:. Until 2015, the Romanian Land Forces fielded a third division, namely the 1st Division
1342:
1331:
854:
521:
483:
419:
364:
1257:"Ural-1", to a number of Romanian TR-77-580 and Soviet T-55A tanks, and to the outdated
4698:
4572:
4125:
4075:
3708:
3528:
2617:
1948:
1890:
1847:
1590:
1450:
1038:
963:
947:
787:
782:. The expeditionary force, 'Army Group Antonescu,' was composed on 22 June 1941 of the
623:
572:
560:
553:
497:
204:
2466:
2382:"Bătălia de la Mărăști. "Prima victorie adevărată din istoria armatei române moderne""
1869:
In the past few years, many training exercises have taken place in Romania with other
908:
4337:
4323:
3975:
3970:
2561:
2539:
2495:
2302:
2290:
2145:(Romanians and Hungarians in the revolution), Bucharest, Editura Enciclopedică, 1998.
2009:
1952:
1798:(DSPI), former Rapid Intervention Squad (DIR) of the Ministry of Defence is an elite
1788:
1583:
920:
639:
604:
517:
305:
266:
199:
3237:
2668:
48:
3095:"GDELS to Deliver Additional PIRANHA III Wheeled Armored Vehicles to Romanian Army"
3048:
2669:"ВОЕННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА --[ Исследования ]-- Suvorov V. Inside the Soviet Army"
1916:
1749:
1663:
1571:
1161:
967:
858:
666:
662:
525:
415:
3029:
2103:"Armata Română – Enciclopedia României – prima enciclopedie online despre România"
1014:
708:
4586:
4539:
4502:
4080:
3912:
3361:
3338:
3315:
3294:
3244:
3221:
3077:
3055:
3036:
3018:
2989:
2963:
2938:
2886:
2834:
2812:
2703:
2609:
2590:
2522:
2473:
2413:
1702:
1625:
1359:
1006:
959:
955:
939:
924:
831:
815:
790:, the 2nd Army Corps, and the 11th Infantry Division. The 3rd Army comprised the
759:
588:
568:
505:
401:
369:
3008:
2646:
2175:
2057:
1470:
on the Romanian National Day parade on December 1, 2009, at the Triumph Arch in
1374:
In 2005, the army comprised eight combat, four combat support, and two logistic
814:, former part of Moldavia. The Romanian armies saw their first major battles at
388:
4679:
4558:
4318:
4070:
3125:"Primele 36 de transportoare blindate PIRANHA V au fost receptionate de Armata"
2983:
Official Holidays of the Romanian Army on the Minister of Defense official site
2583:
1799:
1784:
1741:
1408:
1001:
Soviet Union during the war, but also of many Communist activists. One was the
799:
576:
423:
397:
356:
seized power after the Second World War, the army underwent reorganisation and
317:
301:
2429:"Bătălia de la Mărășești- momentul când au murit oamenii și s-au născut eroii"
4723:
4693:
4407:
4309:
4295:
4005:
3960:
2629:
2349:
1990:
1944:
1621:
1601:
1273:
1269:
1037:
of the army commenced, under the supervision of the new Minister of Defence,
1034:
751:
616:
612:
564:
439:
435:
357:
209:
185:
3331:
1810:, athletic disciplines and so on. DIR was, until December 2003, top secret.
470:
The current Romanian Land Forces were formed in 1860, immediately after the
4684:
4656:
4642:
4451:
4365:
4191:
4140:
4120:
4115:
4100:
4020:
3985:
2982:
2955:
Ultima încorporare obligatorie, primele recrutări de militari profesionişti
2731:
2306:
1882:
1823:
1807:
931:
870:
811:
584:
431:
377:
341:
333:
2957:("The last conscription, the first recruitment of military professionals")
2289:
Leașu, Florin; Nemeț, Codruța; Borzan, Cristina; Rogozea, Liliana (2015).
2231:"Demersuri româno-ruse privind implicarea armatei române la sud de Dunăre"
1843:
1524:
The official day of the Land Forces is celebrated each year, on 23 April.
1346:
Romanian Land Forces operational units as of 2023 (click image to enlarge)
1141:
1129:
4525:
4458:
4393:
4379:
4000:
3990:
2213:
1752:. It later became the 6th Special Operations Brigade on 25 October 2011.
1629:
1617:
1296:
1292:
1108:
1057:
992:
Structural graphic of a Romanian Motor Rifle Division during the Cold War
763:
684:
349:
337:
118:
2911:
2220:, the demonstration is absolutely necessary to facilitate my movements.)
1389:
600:, including Bucharest) by the end of 1916. The Romanian forces, led by
4511:
4497:
4015:
3636:
1831:
1609:
1544:
1462:
1065:
771:
3257:
2081:
1859:
1851:
1313:), but most of the equipment was for a motorized light infantry unit.
4483:
3378:
According to Law regarding the Status of Military Personnel (80/1995)
3193:
Militarii din Fortele pentru operatii speciale au motiv de sarbatoare
2828:
A Romanian Parliament debate regarding the status of the army in 1996
2005:
1971:
held simultaneous ranks as Russian Marshal and German Field-marshal.
1694:
1478:
1471:
1363:
1350:
1327:
1156:) two armored divisions (the 57th Tank Division at Bucharest and the
1084:
823:
779:
597:
475:
427:
353:
225:
150:
110:
1911:
The Romanian Land Forces distinguishes four career paths: officers (
1418:
which allowed the parliament to make military service optional. The
1145:
1116:
The land forces consisted of eight mechanised (infantry) divisions (
988:
492:
of Romania until his abdication in 1866. In 1877, at the request of
4623:
4609:
4581:
4276:
3872:
2790:
2160:
1960:
1698:
1640:
in October 2020. Another 133 units will be produced in Romania, at
1612:
high mobility vehicles were also ordered in 2007 for deployment in
1323:
1223:
1219:
1042:
893:
839:
608:
488:
479:
461:
309:
102:
3781:
528th (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) "Vlad Țepeș"
2847:
1863:
1092:
1061:
884:
were responsible for defending Northern Romania during the Soviet
810:, enabled Romania to retake the territory immediately east of the
4595:
4430:
4416:
4388:
4360:
4346:
4332:
4304:
4262:
4248:
3481:
3473:
3287:
Special forces participating at the National Day Military parade
3156:
2217:
1968:
1964:
1936:
1878:
1870:
1835:
1637:
1605:
1562:
List of equipment of the Romanian Armed Forces § Land Forces
1375:
1249:-85 tanks, within their mechanized regiments. The 1st Mechanized
1100:
869:, deployed south of Stalingrad) were attacked by vastly superior
835:
775:
747:
464:
278:
82:
3839:
317th (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) "Vlădeasa"
2880:
Romanian Land Forces Military Strategy, on the official MoD site
2050:[Strategy for the transformation of the Romanian Army],
1744:
within the Romanian Land Forces led to the establishment of the
1253:
apparently operated four types of tanks, from the modern Soviet
1133:
1069:
4665:
4651:
4567:
4553:
4469:
4402:
4374:
4290:
2209:
2205:
2001:
1839:
1641:
1593:
1575:
1549:
1137:
1023:
873:
forces and suffered combined losses of some 158,000 personnel.
456:
380:
has been abolished and professionalisation has been completed.
373:
1728:
292:
The Romanian Land Forces was founded on 24 November [
4637:
4443:
2920:("Romania, the most important among the future NATO members")
2603:"Development of the Romanian Armed Forces after World War II"
2126:"Înființarea armatei pământene în zorii secolului al XIX-lea"
1855:
1567:
1537:
1440:
1242:
1234:
1214:
913:
845:
The worst defeat for the Romanian expeditionary force on the
701:
Hungarian troops attacked Romanian formations in Transylvania
1521:
and received units from the 1st and 4th Infantry divisions.
770:
in 1941. An expeditionary force invaded the Soviet Union in
591:
forces. However, German forces under the command of General
496:
the Romanian army fused with the Russian forces, and led by
4235:
4222:
3903:
2786:
2697:
Library of Congress Country Studies – Romanian Land Forces.
1874:
1613:
1514:
1455:
1436:
1404:
1306:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1049:
546:
286:
274:
122:
92:
3297:, News, November 30, 2006. Retrieved on February 27, 2008.
2078:"General Staff - HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE GENERAL STAFF"
1358:
on the Romanian National Day parade on December 1, at the
587:(then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), together with
3071:
The Romanian Army acquires new armoured military vehicles
2918:
România, cel mai important dintre viitorii membri ai NATO
2342:
Serviciul Sanitar al Armatei Române în perioada 1914–1919
1486:
1153:
876:
During April–May 1944 the Romanian forces led by General
794:(6th and 7th Infantry Divisions), the Cavalry Corps, the
3693:
8th (Tactical Operational Missile) "Alexandru Ioan Cuza"
3215:("Romania admits it operates special forces battalions")
3012:("Strategy for the transformation of the Romanian Army")
372:
has grown more than four times, rising from 636 million
2288:
1881:, which is one of the largest and most modern training
1732:
Sniper team from the 1st Special Operations Battalion (
430:
to stop the revolution. A battle between the Bucharest
3213:
România recunoaşte că are batalioane de forţe speciale
1586:
anti-aircraft systems were commissioned in late 2004.
744:
Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
3415:
1272:
anti-tank guided missiles) and 9P148 "Konkurs" (with
575:(a major Russian offensive against the armies of the
1175:
1st Mechanized Division, 57th Tank Division and the
3332:
Romanian Land Forces structure on the Official Site
3238:
Minister of Defense – briefing on Romanian DoD site
699:vowed to retake occupied territories by force, and
611:). In the summer of 1917 however, Prezan, aided by
296:12 November] 1859. It participated in the
2204:("The Turks massed together the greatest troop at
2200:The telegram of Nikolai to Carol I (in Romanian):
1481:, the supreme commander of the Land Forces is the
1877:countries. Most of these exercises took place at
1796:Special Detachment of Protection and Intervention
1620:. The land forces are also purchasing additional
695:. Later on, in April 1919, the newly established
634:(22 July to 1 August 1917), while Major Generals
607:, retreated into the north-east part of Romania (
438:soldiers against the Ottomans also took place at
4721:
3423:"Romanian Army - Order of Battle - 1989 - Terse"
1281:, but the majority with older Soviet production
711:, the Romanian Army defeated the Hungarians and
3831:50th (Anti-aircraft Missile) "Andrei Mureșianu"
3773:53rd (Anti-aircraft Missile) "Tropaeum Traiani"
2793:apparently allowed the mistake to be corrected.
2269:
1967:also held the rank of Marshal of Romania. King
938:(under the command of General Macici and later
445:
2048:"Strategia de transformare a Armatei României"
1986:
1984:
1624:armored vehicles. The Land Forces ordered 227
1456:Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear
838:, the farthest point of Axis advance into the
160:
38:
4207:
3888:
3652:
3588:General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations
3456:
3149:
2941:, United Press International, 23 October 2006
2647:https://www.ww2.dk/new/wp/Romania/rumarmy.htm
1992:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1755:The most famous and well trained unit is the
494:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich of Russia
4221:
3701:18th (Reconnaissance Surveillance) "Decebal"
3049:"Romanian Army selection of the Piranha III"
3010:Strategia de transformare a Armatei României
2806:165 Years of Existence of Romanian Artillery
2407:Bătălia de la Mărăşeşti, pe unde nu se trece
1897:, will be using Babadag as a training base.
1804:General Directorate for Defense Intelligence
1295:short-range artillery rocket systems and 18
336:(until 1944), Romanian forces supported the
2875:
2873:
2584:Fortele Terestre Transformarea FT 4 Divizia
2259:(in Romanian). No. 38. pp. 10−11.
2030:"Șeful Statului Major al Forțelor Terestre"
1981:
1003:Tudor Vladimirescu First Volunteer Division
861:, deployed north of Stalingrad) and of the
368:has been growing steadily; since 1996, the
4214:
4200:
3895:
3881:
3659:
3645:
3463:
3449:
2254:
418:assembled an army at Râureni (now part of
3815:61st (Mountain Troops) "Virgil Bădulescu"
3416:Official site of the Romanian Land Forces
2932:Romania drops compulsory military service
2848:"Istoric – MINISTERUL APĂRĂRII NAŢIONALE"
1939:rank can be given only in wartime by the
946:(under the command of Lieutenant General
903:
865:(under the command of Lieutenant General
672:
320:(in which it won the decisive battles of
3777:61st (Anti-aircraft Missile) "Pelendava"
3666:
2870:
2645:All divisions listed by Michael Holm at
2354:Ion Creangă State Pedagogical University
2143:1848–1849. Români și unguri în revoluție
1907:Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia
1727:
1634:26th Infantry Battalion "Neagoe Basarab"
1632:, Switzerland, entered service with the
1596:; the first eight were delivered to the
1543:
1531:
1461:
1449:
1435:
1388:
1349:
1341:
1068:with their headquarters in Cluj-Napoca,
987:
907:
733:
545:
455:
387:
3769:52nd (Mixed Artillery) "Alexandru Tell"
2995:
2555:
2488:The Romanian Battlefront in World War I
2467:World War I Documents, Articles 248-263
2319:
2212:with the army as you wish. Between the
962:, the Romanian armies took part in the
830:under the command of Brigadier General
729:
571:, following the initial success of the
14:
4722:
3757:282nd (Armored) "Unirea Principatelor"
3322:
2485:
2338:
2123:
1636:, also known as the Red Scorpions, in
1222:systems, and the fourth regiment with
4195:
3876:
3857:Structure of the Romanian Land Forces
3749:2nd (Mountain Troops) "Sarmizegetusa"
3640:
3444:
2379:
1900:
1432:Structure of the Romanian Land Forces
1356:Michael the Brave 30th Guards Brigade
1316:
689:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
404:armies were formed in 1830 following
4615:Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic
3902:
3186:
3180:"mihai-viteazul"-video/ the original
3105:from the original on 22 October 2017
2858:from the original on 11 October 2017
1458:Battalion during a military exercise
912:Monument of the Romanian Soldier in
738:Royal Romanian Army infantry in 1943
511:
3841:• 4th Logistics Base "Transilvania"
3420:
3164:
2770:"Romanian Army during the Cold War"
2745:"Romanian Army during the Cold War"
2728:Library of Congress Country Studies
2693:Library of Congress Country Studies
2614:Library of Congress Country Studies
2536:O istorie sinceră a poporului român
2056:(in Romanian), 2005, archived from
1776:being directly subordinated to the
1748:on 1 August 2009, headquartered at
500:, fought in what was to become the
24:
3392:Central Intelligence Agency FOIA,
3386:
2516:Army Group Antonescu, 22 June 1941
2272:"9 mai 1877: România independentă"
1757:1st Special Operations Battalion "
1589:The Land Forces ordered about 100
1540:M1 tank during a military exercise
25:
4746:
3835:69th (Mixed Artillery) "Silvania"
3819:81st (Mechanized) "Grigore Bălan"
3689:1st (Maneuver Support) "Argedava"
3626:Special Telecommunication Service
3553:Special Operations Forces Command
3409:
2476:. Retrieved on February 28, 2008.
2164:(in Romanian). 13 September 2018.
1774:Special Operations Forces Command
1765:United States Army Special Forces
1723:
693:union with the Kingdom of Romania
162:Statul Major al Forțelor Terestre
4708:
4692:
4678:
4664:
4650:
4636:
4622:
4608:
4594:
4580:
4566:
4552:
4538:
4524:
4510:
4496:
4482:
4468:
4442:
4429:
4415:
4401:
4387:
4373:
4359:
4345:
4331:
4317:
4303:
4289:
4275:
4261:
4247:
3783:• 3rd Logistics Base "Zargidava"
3697:10th (Engineer) "Dunărea de Jos"
3593:General Inspectorate of Aviation
3558:
3546:
3534:
3522:
3510:
3498:
3472:
2124:Șomâcu, Cornel (23 April 2015).
1802:unit currently belonging to the
1497:, and the 4th Infantry Division
1397:
1011:Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division
880:, together with elements of the
703:. Under the command of generals
650:(6 August to 8 September 1917).
376:to 2.8 billion dollars in 2007.
281:, and the main component of the
248:
236:
224:
75:
47:
3811:15th (Mechanized) "Podul Înalt"
3371:
3344:
3300:
3276:
3250:
3227:
3201:
3143:
3117:
3087:
3061:
3042:
3023:
2973:
2944:
2925:
2901:
2892:
2840:
2818:
2796:
2762:
2737:
2721:
2708:
2686:
2675:from the original on 2018-08-02
2661:
2652:
2639:
2623:
2596:
2574:
2549:
2528:
2508:
2479:
2460:
2447:
2421:
2400:
2373:
2360:
2339:Stoica, Vasile Leontin (2012).
2332:
2313:
2295:Acta medico-historica Adriatica
2282:
2270:Manuel Stănescu (7 June 2017).
2263:
2248:
2223:
2194:
1746:1st Special Operations Regiment
1337:
1013:, under the command of General
1005:, under the command of Colonel
867:Constantin Constantinescu-Claps
718:
583:). The Romanian armies entered
3150:Victor Cozmei (3 March 2023).
2168:
2148:
2132:
2117:
2095:
2067:
2040:
2022:
886:First Jassy-Kishinev Offensive
857:(under the command of General
826:. In early November, Romanian
766:and subsequently took part in
754:took power in September 1940,
535:
516:The Romanian Army entered the
182:Chief of the Land Forces Staff
13:
1:
3705:30th (Guard) "Mihai Viteazul"
3611:Romanian Intelligence Service
3355:US Troops deployed in Romania
3341:. Retrieved on June 24, 2010.
2889:. Retrieved on June 28, 2007.
2368:Atlas of American Wars, Vol 2
2320:Ciupală, Alin (25 May 2020).
1974:
1866:) and 9 training battalions.
1416:2003 constitutional amendment
980:Socialist Republic of Romania
245:Identification flag (obverse)
4436:Iceland Crisis Response Unit
3753:9th (Mechanized) "Mărășești"
3721:2nd Logistics Base "Valahia"
3621:Protection and Guard Service
3616:Foreign Intelligence Service
3005:Ministry of National Defence
2837:. Retrieved on May 30, 2007.
2053:Ministry of National Defense
1933:Soldaţi şi gradaţi voluntari
1642:Bucharest Mechanical Factory
1527:
1425:
1211:122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)
1033:seized political power, the
998:Soviet occupation of Romania
532:that provoked 1,600 deaths.
524:, allowing Romania to annex
502:Romanian War of Independence
452:Romanian War of Independence
446:Romanian War of Independence
298:Romanian War of Independence
7:
3421:N/A, Andreas (2012-11-12).
2898:IISS Military Balance 2010.
2435:(in Romanian). 24 July 2017
1813:
1767:(Green Berets) course, the
1685:Armoured personnel carriers
1369:
1251:Tudor Vladimirescu Division
973:
892:. In late August 1944, the
504:. They participated in the
10:
4751:
3854:
3505:Chief of the General Staff
3394:The Romanian Ground Forces
3030:New Romanian Gepard System
2492:University Press of Kansas
1904:
1893:, which in time will form
1769:United States Marine Corps
1675:infantry fighting vehicles
1559:
1429:
1289:Surface-to-surface missile
1279:100 mm anti-tank gun M1977
1266:100 mm anti-tank gun M1977
977:
722:
676:
542:Romania during World War I
539:
449:
412:1848 Wallachian Revolution
383:
66:12 November] 1859
4706:
4232:
4149:
3911:
3850:
3825:
3805:
3792:
3763:
3743:
3730:
3716:
3683:
3674:
3601:
3573:
3488:
3312:romanianspecialforces.com
3099:www.defense-aerospace.com
2486:Torrey, Glenn E. (2011).
1997:The Military Balance 2023
1713:Multiple rocket launchers
1648:Equipment Summary (2023):
1580:infantry fighting vehicle
1554:infantry fighting vehicle
1444:multiple rocket launchers
697:Hungarian Soviet Republic
244:
232:
220:
215:
192:
181:
176:
168:
156:
146:
136:
128:
98:
88:
70:
58:
46:
37:
32:
3058:. Retrieved in May 2007.
3039:. Retrieved in May 2007.
2992:. Retrieved in May 2007.
2556:Șperlea, Florin (2009).
2412:27 February 2017 at the
2348:(Thesis) (in Romanian).
1778:General Staff of Defence
1446:during a firing exercise
1031:Romanian Communist Party
934:and its allies, and the
687:, in December 1918, the
482:, and were commanded by
392:General Gheorghe Magheru
4545:Army of North Macedonia
4517:Montenegrin Ground Army
4422:Hungarian Ground Forces
3565:Joint Logistics Command
2326:University of Bucharest
2107:enciclopediaromaniei.ro
1854:), 3 training schools (
1283:85 mm antitank gun D-48
890:Battles of Târgu Frumos
888:, and took part in the
746:. After General (later
725:Romania in World War II
460:Romanian troops taking
340:, fighting against the
271:Forțele Terestre Române
40:Forțele Terestre Române
4629:Slovenian Ground Force
4531:Royal Netherlands Army
4268:Belgian Land Component
3951:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2534:Constantiniu, Florin,
1850:, one officer school (
1737:
1557:
1556:on parade in Bucharest
1541:
1474:
1459:
1447:
1394:
1366:
1347:
1311:76 mm mountain gun M48
993:
984:Romanian People's Army
916:
904:With the Allied powers
739:
679:Hungarian–Romanian War
673:Hungarian–Romanian War
556:
467:
393:
330:Hungarian–Romanian War
270:
161:
62:24 November [
39:
4489:Lithuanian Land Force
4282:Bulgarian Land Forces
3603:Intelligence agencies
3366:Realitatea Românească
2716:Fourth Army (Romania)
2636:, 12/2003, pp. 22–28.
1895:Joint Task Force East
1828:Câmpulung Moldovenesc
1783:The current Romanian
1740:The evolution of the
1731:
1600:in December 2006. 31
1547:
1535:
1465:
1454:Members of the 202nd
1453:
1439:
1420:Parliament of Romania
1392:
1353:
1345:
1017:(who later served as
991:
978:Further information:
919:On 23 August 1944, a
911:
737:
549:
459:
450:Further information:
391:
283:Romanian Armed Forces
141:Romanian Armed Forces
4735:Romanian Land Forces
4601:Romanian Land Forces
4352:Estonian Land Forces
3668:Romanian Land Forces
3575:Ministry of Interior
2922:, November 20, 2002.
2734:, DR 205. R613, 1990
2732:Romanian Land Forces
2649:were formed in 1959.
2593:, accessed June 2011
2525:, accessed June 2011
2521:5 March 2016 at the
2494:. pp. 319–326.
2008:. pp. 125–127.
1994:(15 February 2023).
1941:President of Romania
1931:) and enlisted men (
1237:-800, and 31 Soviet
1177:2nd Mountain Brigade
1009:, and the other the
928:Michael I of Romania
768:Operation Barbarossa
730:With the Axis Powers
659:Treaty of Versailles
636:Constantin Cristescu
620:August von Mackensen
593:Erich von Falkenhayn
563:declared war on the
559:On 6 July 1916, the
407:Regulamentul Organic
263:Romanian Land Forces
33:Romanian Land Forces
4671:Turkish Land Forces
4475:Latvian Land Forces
4254:Albanian Land Force
4226:Allied Land Command
4151:States with limited
2970:, October 23, 2006.
2380:Cristescu, Florin.
1891:Mihail Kogălniceanu
1820:Romanian Revolution
1604:armoured vehicles (
1483:Minister of Defence
1019:Minister of Defence
705:Gheorghe Mărdărescu
653:As a result of the
648:Battle of Mărășești
484:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
365:Romanian Revolution
4699:United States Army
4573:Polish Land Forces
3711:• Training Command
3709:Bucharest Garrison
3396:, February 1, 1984
3360:2007-09-28 at the
3337:2007-05-17 at the
3293:2008-03-19 at the
3243:2006-07-11 at the
3220:2007-06-26 at the
3195:at desteptarea.ro
3076:2016-01-05 at the
3054:2008-02-23 at the
3035:2015-02-10 at the
3017:2007-07-05 at the
2988:2007-04-03 at the
2962:2007-03-11 at the
2937:2007-10-12 at the
2885:2007-06-12 at the
2833:2016-12-20 at the
2811:2011-08-26 at the
2702:2018-05-07 at the
2618:CIA World Factbook
2608:2007-07-11 at the
2589:2011-07-18 at the
2472:2007-12-10 at the
2366:Vincent Esposito,
1949:Alexandru Averescu
1901:Ranks and insignia
1848:military academies
1800:special operations
1738:
1591:United States Army
1558:
1542:
1475:
1460:
1448:
1395:
1367:
1348:
1317:Post-communist era
994:
952:Nicolae Dăscălescu
948:Gheorghe Avramescu
917:
882:German Eighth Army
740:
655:Russian Revolution
646:in victory at the
630:in victory at the
624:Alexandru Averescu
573:Brusilov Offensive
561:Kingdom of Romania
557:
554:Alexandru Averescu
530:a cholera outbreak
468:
426:forces swept into
394:
205:Alexandru Averescu
4730:Armies by country
4717:
4716:
4338:Royal Danish Army
4324:Czech Land Forces
4189:
4188:
3870:
3869:
3861:Vânători de munte
3846:
3845:
3788:
3787:
3726:
3725:
3634:
3633:
3224:, August 1, 2006.
3084:, January 9, 2007
3082:Jurnalul Naţional
2714:See reference at
2634:Dosarele Istoriei
2370:, text for map 40
2356:. pp. 1–196.
2176:"Repere istorice"
1953:Constantin Prezan
1921:Maiştrii militari
1721:
1720:
1664:Main battle tanks
1584:Flakpanzer Gepard
1302:vânători de munte
1199:4th Army Command
1191:3rd Army Command
1183:2nd Army Command
1172:1st Army Command
1158:6th Tank Division
964:Siege of Budapest
808:Operation München
742:In June 1940 the
713:occupied Budapest
640:Eremia Grigorescu
632:Battle of Mărăști
605:Constantin Prezan
518:Second Balkan War
512:Second Balkan War
332:. During most of
306:Second Balkan War
256:
255:
200:Constantin Prezan
16:(Redirected from
4742:
4712:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4193:
4192:
3913:Sovereign states
3897:
3890:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3803:
3802:
3741:
3740:
3681:
3680:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3638:
3637:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3477:
3476:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3425:. Archived from
3380:
3375:
3369:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3314:. Archived from
3308:"Special Forces"
3304:
3298:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3254:
3248:
3247:, March 3, 2005.
3235:
3231:
3225:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3178:. Archived from
3168:
3162:
3161:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3131:. 5 October 2020
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3091:
3085:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3046:
3040:
3027:
3021:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:Gazeta de Vâlcea
2952:
2948:
2942:
2929:
2923:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2772:. Archived from
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2747:. Archived from
2741:
2735:
2725:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2650:
2643:
2637:
2627:
2621:
2600:
2594:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2553:
2547:
2532:
2526:
2514:Leo Niehorster,
2512:
2506:
2505:
2483:
2477:
2464:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2377:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2233:. Archived from
2227:
2221:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2109:. Archived from
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2080:. Archived from
2075:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1988:
1917:warrant officers
1789:communist regime
1652:
1651:
1608:variant) and 60
1572:main battle tank
968:Prague Offensive
859:Petre Dumitrescu
778:, alongside the
715:in August 1919.
667:Macedonian front
663:Vardar offensive
526:Southern Dobruja
416:Gheorghe Magheru
252:
240:
228:
164:
81:
79:
78:
53:The coat of arms
51:
42:
30:
29:
21:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4704:
4691:
4690:
4677:
4676:
4663:
4662:
4649:
4648:
4635:
4634:
4621:
4620:
4607:
4606:
4593:
4592:
4587:Portuguese Army
4579:
4578:
4565:
4564:
4551:
4550:
4537:
4536:
4523:
4522:
4509:
4508:
4503:Luxembourg Army
4495:
4494:
4481:
4480:
4467:
4466:
4457:
4450:
4441:
4428:
4427:
4414:
4413:
4400:
4399:
4386:
4385:
4372:
4371:
4358:
4357:
4344:
4343:
4330:
4329:
4316:
4315:
4302:
4301:
4288:
4287:
4274:
4273:
4260:
4259:
4246:
4245:
4237:
4234:
4228:
4220:
4190:
4185:
4171:Northern Cyprus
4152:
4145:
4066:North Macedonia
3907:
3901:
3871:
3866:
3863:
3842:
3821:
3797:
3795:
3784:
3759:
3735:
3733:
3722:
3712:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3635:
3630:
3597:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3484:
3471:
3469:
3432:
3430:
3412:
3389:
3387:Further reading
3384:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3362:Wayback Machine
3350:
3349:
3345:
3339:Wayback Machine
3328:
3327:
3323:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3295:Wayback Machine
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3245:Wayback Machine
3233:
3232:
3228:
3222:Wayback Machine
3207:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3078:Wayback Machine
3067:
3066:
3062:
3056:Wayback Machine
3047:
3043:
3037:Wayback Machine
3028:
3024:
3019:Wayback Machine
3001:
3000:
2996:
2990:Wayback Machine
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:Wayback Machine
2950:
2949:
2945:
2939:Wayback Machine
2930:
2926:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2887:Wayback Machine
2878:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2835:Wayback Machine
2824:
2823:
2819:
2813:Wayback Machine
2802:
2801:
2797:
2779:
2777:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2726:
2722:
2713:
2709:
2704:Wayback Machine
2691:
2687:
2678:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2644:
2640:
2628:
2624:
2610:Wayback Machine
2601:
2597:
2591:Wayback Machine
2580:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2554:
2550:
2533:
2529:
2523:Wayback Machine
2513:
2509:
2502:
2484:
2480:
2474:Wayback Machine
2465:
2461:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2414:Wayback Machine
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2378:
2374:
2365:
2361:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2324:(in Romanian).
2318:
2314:
2287:
2283:
2268:
2264:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2122:
2118:
2113:on May 9, 2012.
2101:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2016:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1909:
1903:
1816:
1726:
1598:Military Police
1564:
1530:
1434:
1428:
1400:
1380:2007 Force Plan
1372:
1340:
1319:
1007:Nicolae Cambrea
986:
976:
940:Vasile Atanasiu
906:
898:eastern Romania
832:Ioan Dumitrache
828:mountain troops
760:Tripartite Pact
756:Fascist Romania
732:
727:
721:
681:
675:
569:Austria-Hungary
544:
538:
514:
506:Siege of Plevna
454:
448:
386:
370:military budget
259:
233:Military colors
207:
202:
194:
107:Mountain Troops
76:
74:
54:
28:
27:Army of Romania
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4748:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4688:
4674:
4660:
4646:
4632:
4618:
4604:
4590:
4576:
4562:
4559:Norwegian Army
4548:
4534:
4520:
4506:
4492:
4478:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4439:
4425:
4411:
4397:
4383:
4369:
4355:
4341:
4327:
4313:
4299:
4285:
4271:
4257:
4242:
4240:
4230:
4229:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4141:United Kingdom
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3971:Czech Republic
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3809:
3807:
3800:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3747:
3745:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3687:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3555:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3507:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3418:
3411:
3410:External links
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3370:
3368:, May 2, 2007.
3353:Ion Navalici,
3343:
3321:
3318:on 2013-11-26.
3299:
3275:
3249:
3226:
3200:
3185:
3182:on 2013-06-17.
3163:
3160:(in Romanian).
3142:
3116:
3086:
3060:
3041:
3022:
2994:
2972:
2943:
2924:
2900:
2891:
2869:
2839:
2817:
2795:
2761:
2736:
2720:
2707:
2685:
2660:
2651:
2638:
2622:
2595:
2573:
2566:
2548:
2527:
2507:
2500:
2478:
2459:
2446:
2433:identitatea.ro
2420:
2399:
2372:
2359:
2331:
2312:
2301:(1): 159–170.
2281:
2278:(in Romanian).
2262:
2247:
2222:
2193:
2167:
2147:
2131:
2128:(in Romanian).
2116:
2094:
2066:
2063:on 5 July 2007
2039:
2036:(in Romanian).
2021:
2014:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1905:Main article:
1902:
1899:
1815:
1812:
1785:reconnaissance
1742:special forces
1725:
1724:Special Forces
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1560:Main article:
1529:
1526:
1430:Main article:
1427:
1424:
1409:European Union
1399:
1396:
1371:
1368:
1360:Triumphal arch
1354:Soldiers from
1339:
1336:
1318:
1315:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1179:
975:
972:
905:
902:
878:Mihai Racoviță
800:Nicolae Macici
796:Mountain Corps
792:4th Army Corps
731:
728:
723:Main article:
720:
717:
677:Main article:
674:
671:
577:Central Powers
540:Main article:
537:
534:
513:
510:
447:
444:
434:together with
420:Râmnicu Vâlcea
385:
382:
363:Following the
318:Central Powers
302:Ottoman Empire
257:
254:
253:
246:
242:
241:
234:
230:
229:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
196:
190:
189:
183:
179:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
72:
68:
67:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4747:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4711:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4471:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4408:Hellenic Army
4404:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4310:Croatian Army
4306:
4300:
4297:
4296:Canadian Army
4292:
4286:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4217:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:South Ossetia
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3791:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3729:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3429:on 2012-11-12
3428:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3351:(in Romanian)
3347:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3329:(in Romanian)
3325:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3283:(in Romanian)
3279:
3264:(in Romanian)
3263:
3262:safos.mapn.ro
3259:
3253:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3234:(in Romanian)
3230:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3210:stiri.rol.ro
3208:(in Romanian)
3204:
3197:(in Romanian)
3194:
3189:
3181:
3177:
3176:www.dcnews.ro
3173:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3146:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:(in Romanian)
3064:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3002:(in Romanian)
2998:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:(in Romanian)
2976:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2951:(in Romanian)
2947:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2908:(in Romanian)
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2799:
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2776:on 2021-10-25
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2751:on 2021-10-25
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2544:973-9243-07-X
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2501:9780700620173
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2453:John Keegan,
2450:
2434:
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2237:on 2020-07-20
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2197:
2182:(in Romanian)
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2144:
2141:Liviu Maior,
2139:(in Romanian)
2135:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2084:on 2011-07-24
2083:
2079:
2070:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2017:
2015:9781032508955
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
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1993:
1987:
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1972:
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1966:
1962:
1958:
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1946:
1945:Ion Antonescu
1942:
1938:
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1930:
1926:
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1918:
1914:
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1898:
1896:
1892:
1889:stationed at
1888:
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1046:
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1036:
1035:sovietization
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1025:
1020:
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1015:Mihail Lascăr
1012:
1008:
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773:
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752:Ion Antonescu
749:
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716:
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710:
709:Traian Moșoiu
706:
702:
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694:
691:proclaimed a
690:
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617:Field Marshal
614:
613:Ion Antonescu
610:
606:
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582:
581:Eastern Front
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:German Empire
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440:Dealul Spirii
437:
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433:
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417:
413:
410:. During the
409:
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361:
359:
358:sovietization
355:
351:
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346:Eastern Front
343:
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258:Military unit
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211:
210:Ion Antonescu
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191:
188:Ciprian Marin
187:
186:Major General
184:
180:
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171:
169:Anniversaries
167:
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4685:British Army
4657:Swedish Army
4643:Spanish Army
4600:
4452:Italian Army
4366:Finnish Army
4181:Transnistria
4085:
3794:4th Infantry
3732:2nd Infantry
3667:
3541:Naval Forces
3516:
3490:Armed Forces
3431:. Retrieved
3427:the original
3377:
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3316:the original
3311:
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3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3261:
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3175:
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2235:the original
2225:
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2184:. Retrieved
2179:
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2150:
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2097:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:the original
2074:(in English)
2069:
2058:the original
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
1996:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1868:
1824:high schools
1817:
1808:martial arts
1793:
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1338:Organisation
1320:
1287:
1263:
1228:
1207:
1166:
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1113:
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1055:
1047:
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995:
932:Nazi Germany
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849:occurred at
844:
741:
719:World War II
682:
652:
585:Transylvania
558:
515:
498:King Carol I
487:
469:
432:fire company
405:
395:
378:Conscription
362:
342:Soviet Union
334:World War II
316:against the
300:against the
291:
262:
260:
137:Part of
119:Paratroopers
4459:Carabinieri
4394:German Army
4380:French Army
4153:recognition
4126:Switzerland
4061:Netherlands
3675:Land Forces
3583:Gendarmerie
3517:Land Forces
3479:Military of
2612:, from the
2455:World War I
2276:historia.ro
1957:Ferdinand I
1887:U.S. troops
1750:Târgu Mureș
1630:Kreuzlingen
1622:Piranha III
1618:Afghanistan
1602:Piranha III
1570:M1 "Bizon"
1485:, while in
1297:R-17 Elbrus
1293:9K52 Luna-M
1261:-85 tanks.
1162:Târgu Mureș
1124:, Craiova,
1109:Cluj-Napoca
1105:Fourth Army
1089:Second Army
1074:Fourth Army
944:Fourth Army
863:Fourth Army
764:Axis Powers
758:signed the
685:World War I
628:Second Army
536:World War I
472:unification
396:The modern
350:August 1944
338:Axis powers
328:), and the
314:World War I
4724:Categories
4096:San Marino
4056:Montenegro
4041:Luxembourg
4026:Kazakhstan
3936:Azerbaijan
3855:See also:
3433:2023-07-29
3129:HotNews.ro
2780:2011-05-27
2755:2023-07-29
2679:2018-12-05
2457:, pg. 308.
2241:2018-10-14
2088:2011-07-24
1975:References
1929:Subofiţeri
1832:Alba Iulia
1818:After the
1734:The Eagles
1655:Equipment
1610:URO VAMTAC
1332:government
1328:battalions
1103:, and the
1097:Third Army
1081:First Army
1066:army corps
1029:After the
950:and later
942:) and the
936:First Army
855:Third Army
851:Stalingrad
820:Sevastopol
772:Bessarabia
644:First Army
622:. General
402:Wallachian
354:communists
195:commanders
177:Commanders
147:Command HQ
4036:Lithuania
3906:in Europe
3826:Regiments
3764:Regiments
3717:Regiments
3529:Air Force
3258:"Istoric"
2815:p.222-223
2392:April 13,
2214:Jiu River
2034:forter.ro
2006:Routledge
1844:Constanța
1699:howitzers
1695:Artillery
1673:Armoured
1626:Piranha V
1578:M "Jder"
1528:Equipment
1491:president
1479:peacetime
1472:Bucharest
1466:A Gepard
1426:Structure
1364:Bucharest
1324:regiments
1142:Timișoara
1130:Constanța
1085:Bucharest
824:Case Blue
780:Wehrmacht
762:with the
598:Wallachia
476:Wallachia
442:in 1848.
428:Bucharest
398:Moldavian
326:Mărășești
273:) is the
151:Bucharest
111:Artillery
4161:Abkhazia
4111:Slovenia
4106:Slovakia
4081:Portugal
3956:Bulgaria
3806:Brigades
3798:"Gemina"
3796:Division
3744:Brigades
3736:"Getica"
3734:Division
3684:Brigades
3358:Archived
3335:Archived
3291:Archived
3268:14 April
3241:Archived
3236:mapn.ro
3218:Archived
3172:"DCNews"
3103:Archived
3074:Archived
3052:Archived
3033:Archived
3015:Archived
2986:Archived
2960:Archived
2935:Archived
2912:Adevărul
2883:Archived
2856:Archived
2831:Archived
2809:Archived
2791:Cold War
2718:article.
2700:Archived
2673:Archived
2616:and the
2606:Archived
2587:Archived
2519:Archived
2470:Archived
2410:Archived
2386:Historia
2350:Chișinău
2307:26203545
2257:Historia
2161:Agerpres
1961:Carol II
1955:. Kings
1846:), five
1814:Training
1759:Vulturii
1658:Numbers
1574:and the
1511:4th Army
1507:1st Army
1407:and the
1376:brigades
1370:Manpower
1224:9K33 Osa
1220:2K12 Kub
1144:, 67th,
1140:, 18th,
1136:, 11th,
1132:, 10th,
1043:Cold War
974:Cold War
966:and the
896:entered
894:Red Army
840:Caucasus
788:4th Army
784:3rd Army
642:led the
626:led the
609:Moldavia
522:Bulgaria
520:against
489:Domnitor
480:Moldavia
462:Grivitsa
310:Bulgaria
308:against
285:. Since
267:Romanian
216:Insignia
208:Marshal
203:Marshal
198:Marshal
172:23 April
157:Motto(s)
103:Infantry
4136:Ukraine
4086:Romania
4051:Moldova
4016:Ireland
4011:Hungary
4001:Germany
3996:Georgia
3986:Finland
3981:Estonia
3976:Denmark
3961:Croatia
3946:Belgium
3941:Belarus
3931:Austria
3926:Armenia
3921:Albania
3677:Command
3482:Romania
3157:HotNews
2218:Corabia
2180:mapn.ro
1969:Carol I
1965:Mihai I
1937:Marshal
1935:). The
1913:Ofiţeri
1879:Babadag
1860:Pitești
1852:Pitești
1836:Craiova
1703:mortars
1638:Craiova
1606:LAV III
1594:Humvees
1487:wartime
1101:Craiova
923:led by
836:Nalchik
812:Dnister
776:Ukraine
748:Marshal
665:on the
602:Marshal
589:Russian
579:on the
551:Marshal
465:redoubt
424:Ottoman
384:History
374:dollars
348:. From
344:on the
322:Mărăști
279:Romania
221:Roundel
193:Notable
83:Romania
71:Country
59:Founded
4238:forces
4166:Kosovo
4131:Turkey
4121:Sweden
4101:Serbia
4091:Russia
4076:Poland
4071:Norway
4031:Latvia
4006:Greece
3991:France
3966:Cyprus
3904:Armies
2564:
2542:
2498:
2439:29 May
2305:
2210:Danube
2206:Pleven
2012:
2002:London
1875:Allied
1871:Balkan
1842:, and
1840:Breaza
1707:1,136
1697:guns,
1576:MLI-84
1550:MLI-84
1519:Getica
1499:Gemina
1495:Getica
1489:, the
1285:.
1146:Brăila
1138:Oradea
1095:, the
1087:, the
1024:Oradea
871:Soviet
816:Odessa
786:, the
683:After
304:, the
132:35,500
115:Armour
80:
4116:Spain
4046:Malta
4021:Italy
3135:5 Oct
3109:7 May
2862:7 May
2346:(PDF)
2061:(DOC)
1925:NCO's
1864:Buzău
1856:Sibiu
1568:TR-85
1538:TR-85
1503:Dacia
1468:SPAAG
1441:LAROM
1326:into
1243:TR-85
1235:TR-85
1215:LAROM
1093:Buzău
1062:Bacău
1050:1950s
960:Carei
956:Turda
914:Carei
834:took
478:with
4236:land
4233:NATO
4223:NATO
3859:and
3270:2023
3137:2020
3111:2018
2864:2018
2787:IISS
2562:ISBN
2540:ISBN
2496:ISBN
2441:2020
2394:2023
2303:PMID
2216:and
2188:2023
2010:ISBN
1963:and
1951:and
1794:The
1717:158
1701:and
1689:749
1679:241
1668:377
1616:and
1614:Iraq
1515:NATO
1509:and
1405:NATO
1307:MLVM
1259:T-34
1255:T-72
1247:T-34
1239:T-72
1231:T-34
1150:81st
1148:and
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1070:Iași
1058:Cluj
996:The
982:and
958:and
925:King
921:coup
818:and
707:and
638:and
567:and
400:and
324:and
294:O.S.
287:2007
275:army
261:The
129:Size
123:CBRN
99:Role
93:Army
89:Type
64:O.S.
2915:,
1923:),
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1362:in
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