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The
Convention between Russia and Romania, which established the transit of Russian troops through the country, is one by which Russia obliged itself "to maintain and have the political rights of Romanian state observed, such as they result from the internal laws and the existent tratatives and also
888:
under which
Russian troops were allowed to pass through Romanian territory, with the condition that Russia respected the integrity of Romania. Consequently, the mobilization of the Romanian troops also began, and about 120,000 soldiers were massed in the south of the country to defend against an
968:. For symbolic reasons, the date of May 10 was celebrated as Independence Day, until 1947, since it also marked the celebration of the day when the German Prince Carol first came to Bucharest (May 10, 1866). After the Declaration, the Romanian government immediately cancelled paying
1256:
s spar struck her between the midships and the stern. A powerful explosion followed, with debris from the
Ottoman warship rising up to 40 meters in the air. The half-sunk monitor then re-opened fire, but was struck once again, with the same devastating effects. The crew of
2680:
1653:"Turcii îngrãmãdind cele mai mari trupe la Plevna ne nimicesc. Rog sã faci fuziune, demonstratiune si dacã'i posibil sã treci Dunãrea cu armatã dupã cum doresti. Între Jiu si Corabia demonstratiunea aceasta este absolut necesarã pentru înlesnirea miscãrilor mele"
1265:, as the latter was retreating and their monitor was sinking. Following this action, Ottoman warships throughout the remainder of the war would always retreat upon sighting spar torpedo boats. The Russian Lieutenants Dubasov and Shestakov were decorated with the
1085:
On 19 January 1878, the
Ottoman Empire requested an armistice, which was accepted by Russia and Romania. Romania won the war but at a cost of about 10,000 casualties. Additionally, another 19,084 soldiers fell sick during the campaign. Its independence from the
1612:
979:
Initially, before 1877, Russia did not wish to cooperate with
Romania, since they did not wish Romania to participate in the peace treaties after the war, but the Russians encountered a very strong Ottoman army of 40,000 soldiers, led by
1239:
by the
Russians. Her crew consisted of two Russian Lieutenants, Dubasov and Shestakov, and three Romanians: Major Murgescu (the official liaison officer with the Russian headquarters), an engine mechanic and a navigator. The attack of
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1457:(in now-published original letters exchanged at that time) to accept this compromise with Russia in view of the great economical potential of Romania's direct access to the Black Sea and its ancient ports at the expense of
1616:
2931:
1050:
Prince Carol I accepted the Duke's proposal to become the
Marshal of the Russian troops in addition to the command of his own Romanian army, thus being able to lead the combined armed forces to the
2342:
2584:
2446:
1850:"Reminiscences of the KING OF ROMANIA", Edited from the original with an Introduction by Sidney Whitman, Authorized edition, Harper& Brothers: New York and London, 1899, pp.15–20.
2663:
2628:
1501:
Istoria
Militară a Poporului Român (The Military History of the Romanian People), Centrul de Studii și Cercetări de Istorie și Teorie Militară, Editura Militară, București, 1987
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1642:"Reminiscences of the KING OF ROMANIA", Edited from the original with an Introduction by Sidney Whitman, Authorized edition, Harper& Brothers: New York and London, 1899
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184:
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1348:, a region conquered by Turks around the late 15th century and ruled until the late 19th century when it was conquered by Russians) were taken from the
1079:
1879:
2757:
1066:, and on 28 November 1877 the Plevna citadel capitulated, and Osman Pasha surrendered the city, the garrison and his sword to the Romanian colonel
36:
3014:
2267:
1931:
1865:
2613:
1659:, are laying us waste. I ask you to make mergers, demonstrations and if it is possible cross the Danube with the army as you wish. Between
847:
510:
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1966:
1901:
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2077:
3019:
1987:
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905:, on their way to the Ottoman Empire. Due to great losses, the Russian Empire asked Romania to intervene. On July 24 [
2668:
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1961:
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1340:" in a diplomatic act means recognition of the status-quo set by Congress of Paris of 1856, whereby three counties in
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992:) where the Russian troops, led by Russian generals, suffered very heavy losses and were routed in several battles.
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July 12] 1877, the first
Romanian Army units crossed the Danube and joined forces with the Russian Army.
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Istoricul principalelor puncte pe Dunăre de la gura Tisei până la Mare şi pe coastele mării de la Varna la Odessa
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read the act of independence of
Romania as the will of the Romanian people. A day later, on May 22 [
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1526:(The Romanian Army in the War of Independence 1877–1878). Bucuresti, Editura Sigma, 2002, p. 149 (Romence)
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was returned to full Romanian control in 1878, after the Russian ground forces had finished crossing the
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with one gun. Despite its inferiority on paper, the Romanian Navy destroyed many Turkish river gunboats.
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was a 400-ton ironclad warship, with a maximum armor thickness of 76 mm and armed with two 120 mm guns.
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1453:. Prince Carol was most unhappy by this unfavorable turn of negotiations; he was finally persuaded by
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1425:), but Russia would nevertheless occupy as a so-called "compensation" the old Romanian counties of
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1252:, the latter fired three rounds at her without any effect. Before she could fire the fourth round,
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According to the Russian-Romanian treaty signed in April that year, the Romanian spar torpedo boat
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1074:. After the occupation of Plevna, the Romanian Army returned to the Danube and won the battles of
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War and Society in East Central Europe: Insurrections, Wars, and the Eastern Crisis in the 1870s
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Dan Falcan (March 2022). "Războiul din 1877-1878, independența României și Marile Puteri".
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1513:Мерников А. Г., Спектор А. А. Всемирная история войн. — Минск: 2005. — С. 376.
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1905:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 931–936.
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1789:"Treaty of San Stefano | Russia-Turkey [1878] | Britannica"
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decided that Russia would give Romania its independence, the territories of
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Istoria Romanilor de la Carol I la Nicolae Ceausescu By Ioan Scurtu, pp 132
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1613:"Demersuri româno-ruse privind implicarea armatei române la sud de Dunăre"
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1296:, was shelled and sunk by Romanian coastal artillery on 7 November 1877.
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416:
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Soviet occupation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region
1004:
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1909:
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Warship International, 1987: The Romanian Navy's Torpedo Boat Rindunica
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this demonstration is absolutely necessary to facilitate my movements.)
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and the formal surrender, after heavy fighting, of the Turkish General
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Romanian troops returning to Bucharest after the war, 8 October 1878.
1360:. The Russian Empire wanted to conquer as much as possible from the
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and recognized the independence of Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania.
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1573:(Victimele războaielor trecute). Medgiz, Moscova, 1947, pp. 36, 37
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served under joint Romanian-Russian command. She was also known as
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1216:. The three gunboats displaced 352, 130 and 85 tons respectively.
57:
April 12] 1877 – 3 March 1878 (10 months, 1 week, 2 days)
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Osman Pasha surrendered his sword to Russian division commander
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the present integrity of Romania". The Romanians believe that "
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1039:, the Russian commander-in-chief, asked Prince Carol I for the
989:
976:), and the sum was given instead to the Romanian War Ministry.
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The telegram of Nikolai to Carol I (translated in Romanian):
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30,000 killed in battle, 50,000 died from wounds and diseases
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Recovery attempt of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa
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and the international recognition of Romania's independence.
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is the name used in Romanian historiography to refer to the
2073:
Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878
1594:
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1535:Урланис Б. Ц. Войны и народонаселение Европы. — М.: 1960.
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The Carpatho-Danubian-Pontic Space in 1878 AD, after the
1113:
912:
889:
eventual attack of the Ottoman forces from south of the
1813:"Russian Mediterranean Sea Interest Before World War I"
1725:
The Romanian armed power concept: a historical approach
901:
and its troops entered Romania through the newly built
1589:
1848:
https://archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofk00kremiala
1640:
https://archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofk00kremiala
638:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
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2018 unification declarations in Moldova and Romania
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Armata Romania in Razvoiul de Independenta 1877–1878
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took place during the night of 25–26 May 1877, near
964:
May 10] 1877, the act was signed by Prince
16:
Conflict fought during the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish war
1880:The Romanian Army of the Russo-Turkish War 1877–78
1835:The Roots and Consequences of 20th-Century Warfare
1655:("The Turks, massing together the largest army at
1318:peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire
956:May 9] 1877, in the Romanian parliament,
1872:by Richard T. Trenk Sr. (Originally published in
1832:
2966:
2758:Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania
2442:Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja
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2932:Centenary of the Great Union Anniversary Medal
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2268:Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria
1635:
1633:
1420:
1269:, while Major Murgescu was decorated with the
2358:
1925:
1248:. As she was approaching the Ottoman monitor
1134:Romanian troops storming the Grivitsa Redoubt
841:
2614:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
2898:Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania
1738:The Ottoman Empire and its Tributary States
1681:(in Romanian). No. 38. pp. 10−11.
1630:
2365:
2351:
1932:
1918:
1749:Béla K. Kiraly, Gunther Erich Rothenberg,
1676:
848:
834:
2253:First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)
1569:Kaminskii, L. S., și Novoselskii, S. A.,
1939:
1889:
1303:
1178:
1167:
1090:was finally recognized on 13 July 1878.
2868:1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia
1885:Grivitsa Romanian Mausoleum in Bulgaria
1810:
2967:
1563:
1545:Мерников А. Г., Спектор А. А. (2005).
1497:
1495:
1043:to intervene and join forces with the
3015:Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
2669:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
2437:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
2346:
2078:Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878
1913:
1391:The treaty was not recognised by the
1356:, and given back to the Romanians in
913:Romanian proclamation of independence
317:(during the entire Russo-Turkish War)
310:(during the entire Russo-Turkish War)
109:passed from Romania to Russian Empire
104:passed from Ottoman Empire to Romania
2585:Central Powers occupation of Romania
1876:magazine, Number Four, August, 1997)
999:
916:
2313:Convention of Constantinople (1881)
1967:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)
1492:
1261:subsequently fired their rifles at
1224:were each armed with four guns and
1157:
13:
1837:. California: ABC-CLIO. p. 1.
1694:"9 mai 1877: România independentă"
899:declared war on the Ottoman Empire
14:
3036:
3000:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire
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1598:Nicolae Petrescu, M. Drăghiescu,
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1988:Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
1983:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
1962:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
1324:, on 3 March 1878. It created a
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2664:Great Romanian National Council
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2447:Romanian annexation of Silistra
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1692:Manuel Stănescu (7 June 2017).
1685:
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1397:1878 peace conference in Berlin
1070:and Russian division commander
972:to the Ottoman Empire (914,000
248:280,000 troops (European front)
2629:Romanian occupation of Hungary
1811:Babcock, Alex (30 June 2017).
1605:
1576:
1538:
1529:
1516:
1507:
1411:including the ancient port of
1119:The battlefield of Plevna and
1058:. The Army won the battles of
1037:Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich
1:
2063:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1292:Another Ottoman monitor, the
1194:consisted of three gunboats:
657:Socialist Republic of Romania
2873:National Museum of the Union
2659:General Congress of Bukovina
2452:Conquest of Southern Dobruja
2283:Battles for Plav and Gusinje
2068:Romanian War of Independence
1486:
1481:Crossing of the Danube Cross
1299:
1275:Order of the Star of Romania
862:Romanian War of Independence
511:Principality of Transylvania
301:1,713 died from other causes
29:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78
22:Romanian War of Independence
7:
2457:Treaty of Bucharest of 1916
2318:British Occupation of Egypt
2198:Budapest Convention of 1877
1778:, Modelism, 2003, pp. 13-18
1776:Romanian navy torpedo boats
1712:Romanian Navy Torpedo Boats
1584:Romanian Navy Torpedo Boats
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866:Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)
10:
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3005:1877 in the Ottoman Empire
2777:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
2308:French conquest of Tunisia
1896:"Russo-Turkish Wars"
1833:Spencer C. Tucker (2016).
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566:1848 Wallachian Revolution
385:Prehistory of Transylvania
370:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
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2770:Transnistria Governorate
2619:Second Romanian campaign
2248:1876 Ottoman coup d'état
1522:Scafes, Cornel, et al.,
1358:Principality of Moldavia
893:. On April 24 [
876:April 4] 1877,
872:. On April 16 [
469:Voivodeship of Maramureș
454:Banat in the Middle Ages
299:81,363 died from disease
280:4,302 killed and missing
2910:(Romanian national day)
2782:Moscow Protocol of 1948
2723:Union with Transylvania
2558:First Romanian war plan
2217:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
1902:Encyclopædia Britannica
1571:Poteri v proșlîh voinah
1443:Treaty of Paris of 1856
1271:Order of Saint Vladimir
623:Union with Transylvania
531:Danubian Principalities
464:Second Bulgarian Empire
449:History of Transylvania
422:Origin of the Romanians
2990:Wars involving Romania
2624:Hungarian–Romanian War
2592:1917 Romanian Campaign
2568:Battle of Transylvania
2563:1916 Romanian Campaign
2486:Ferdinand I of Romania
2385:
2024:Kresna–Razlog uprising
2019:Razlovtsi insurrection
2014:April Uprising of 1876
1710:Cristian Crăciunoiu,
1602:, p. 160 (in Romanian)
1582:Cristian Crăciunoiu,
1547:Всемирная история войн
1421:
1415:, as well as the tiny
1326:Bulgarian principality
1313:
1285:. The Ottoman monitor
1187:
1183:The spar torpedo boat
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459:First Bulgarian Empire
297:6,824 died from wounds
161:Commanders and leaders
2975:Rebellions in Romania
2822:Transnistria conflict
2713:Union with Bessarabia
2607:Third Battle of Oituz
2203:Treaty of San Stefano
2045:Epirus Revolt of 1878
2009:Stara Zagora Uprising
1774:Cristian Crăciunoiu,
1307:
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1035:Due to great losses,
613:Union with Bessarabia
576:United Principalities
474:Founding of Wallachia
380:Bronze Age in Romania
320:2 river monitors sunk
267:Casualties and losses
83:Treaty of San Stefano
2995:Wars of independence
2575:The Romanian Debacle
2414:Romanian irredentism
2409:Romanian nationalism
2293:Dual Alliance (1879)
2188:Reichstadt Agreement
2050:Cretan revolt (1878)
1941:Great Eastern Crisis
1723:Constantin Olteanu,
1476:Great Eastern Crisis
952:On May 21 [
752:By historical region
551:Transylvanian School
479:Founding of Moldavia
2807:Republic of Moldova
2748:Second Vienna Award
2718:Union with Bukovina
2602:Battle of Mărășești
2580:Battle of Bucharest
2233:Bulgarian Exarchate
1449:) were included in
1427:Southern Bessarabia
1368:region (control of
1342:Southern Bessarabia
1267:Order of St. George
958:Mihail Kogălniceanu
884:signed a treaty at
718:Historical timeline
618:Union with Bukovina
586:War of Independence
107:Southern Bessarabia
53:April 24 [
2914:Trianon Treaty Day
2516:Alexandru Averescu
2506:Ion I. C. Brătianu
2213:Congress of Berlin
1948:Wars and conflicts
1868:2015-11-13 at the
1549:. Minsk: Харвест.
1471:Kingdom of Romania
1407:and access to the
1362:sick man of Europe
1352:, defeated in the
1314:
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1177:
1052:conquest of Plevna
1015:. You can help by
932:. You can help by
824:Romania portal
689:Romania since 1989
600:Kingdom of Romania
544:National Awakening
516:Eyalet of Temesvar
498:Early Modern Times
208:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
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1993:Kumanovo uprising
1762:Mihai Georgescu,
1386:Mediterranean Sea
1372:) all the way to
1208:spar torpedo boat
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1560:
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1424:
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1310:Treaty of Berlin
1164:Action off Măcin
1158:Naval operations
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945:
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723:Military history
708:Economic history
375:Hamangia culture
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1218:Ştefan cel Mare
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1857:External links
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295:56,652 wounded
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1736:W. S. Cooke,
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1619:on 2020-07-20
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1192:Romanian Navy
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1148:Ivan Ganetsky
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1072:Ivan Ganetsky
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1041:Romanian Army
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1011:This section
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903:Eiffel Bridge
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293:15,567 killed
290:
282:3,316 wounded
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237:66,000 troops
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2903:Bukovina Day
2817:Transnistria
2812:Independence
2706:Unifications
2698:(unenforced)
2654:Sfatul Țării
2441:
2329:
2324:Marche slave
2322:
2067:
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1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1806:
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1621:. Retrieved
1617:the original
1607:
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1417:Snake Island
1405:Danube Delta
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1172:The gunboat
1084:
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1045:Russian Army
1034:
1021:
1017:adding to it
1012:
978:
951:
938:
934:adding to it
929:
861:
859:
800:Transylvania
728:Christianity
643:World War II
585:
521:Varat Eyalet
316:
309:
305:
272:
118:Belligerents
77:
27:Part of the
2893:Dobruja Day
2550:World War I
2531:Iuliu Maniu
2526:Pan Halippa
2386:Marea Unire
2381:Great Union
2258:Opalchentsi
1955:Montenegrin
1874:Man At Arms
1698:historia.ro
1447:Crimean War
1445:(after the
1378:Dardanelles
1354:Crimean War
1322:San Stefano
1104:Map of the
1056:Osman Pasha
1024:August 2016
982:Osman Pasha
941:August 2016
608:World War I
526:Phanariotes
436:Middle Ages
417:Roman Dacia
412:Dacian Wars
341:History of
284:19,904 sick
262:210 cannons
250:500 cannons
239:190 cannons
96:Territorial
2969:Categories
2548:Romania in
2395:Background
2176:agreements
1623:2018-10-14
1384:) and the
1254:Rândunica'
1162:See also:
670:Revolution
362:Prehistory
2924:Centenary
2791:Aftermath
2647:documents
2002:Bulgarian
1487:Footnotes
1409:Black Sea
1382:Bosphorus
1366:Black Sea
1344:(part of
1300:Aftermath
1294:Podgoriçe
1279:Rândunica
1263:Rândunica
1242:Rândunica
1237:Tsarevich
1233:Rândunica
1213:Rândunica
1185:Rândunica
984:, at the
886:Bucharest
805:Wallachia
780:Maramureș
399:Antiquity
2886:Holidays
2402:Ideology
2226:See also
1866:Archived
1753:, p. 104
1740:, p. 117
1727:, p. 152
1679:Historia
1465:See also
1459:Bulgaria
1455:Bismarck
1451:Moldavia
1395:and the
1226:Fulgerul
1206:and one
1204:Fulgerul
1121:Grivitsa
1060:Grivitsa
996:Conflict
880:and the
790:Muntenia
785:Moldavia
770:Bukovina
701:By topic
332:a series
330:Part of
308:230,000
225:Strength
62:Location
2479:Figures
1818:30 June
1714:, p. 13
1665:Corabia
1586:, p. 19
1435:Bolgrad
1222:România
1200:România
1174:România
1080:Smârdan
970:tribute
966:Carol I
878:Romania
795:Oltenia
775:Dobruja
765:Crișana
738:Judaism
343:Romania
174:Carol I
131:Romania
98:changes
67:Balkans
2430:Events
1657:Pleven
1553:
1439:Ismail
1403:, the
1370:Danube
1364:, the
1346:Budjak
1338:defend
1334:defend
1283:Danube
1150:, 1877
1064:Rahova
990:Pleven
891:Danube
334:on the
306:Total:
152:
142:Russia
74:Result
2500:Queen
2033:Greek
1431:Cahul
1413:Tomis
1287:Seyfi
1259:Seyfi
1250:Seyfi
1246:Măcin
1088:Porte
1076:Vidin
760:Banat
733:Islam
581:ASTRA
440:Early
407:Dacia
2490:King
2215:and
1976:Serb
1820:2017
1663:and
1551:ISBN
1437:and
1316:The
1220:and
1202:and
1190:The
1078:and
1062:and
962:O.S.
954:O.S.
907:O.S.
895:O.S.
874:O.S.
860:The
55:O.S.
50:Date
1661:Jiu
1332:to
1019:.
974:lei
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2971::
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1591:^
1494:^
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438:(
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