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information
Jaujard passed on to the Resistance. By the 10 August, the train was ready to depart but by then the French railway workers were on strike. However, two days later the tracks were cleared and being delayed by higher priority trains carrying fleeing Germans and their personal possessions. The train which had the designation 40044 departed hauling a total of 53 wagons. The overloaded train reached Le Bourget before it suffered a mechanical breakdown. By the time the Germans had fixed the problem 48 hours later, the French Resistance had derailed two trains which blocked the tracks up ahead leaving the train stranded at
374:) was sent on the 27 August to check out and secure the train. After ejecting some old German soldiers who were escorting the shipment they opened up some of the crates and found many paintings which Rosenberg had last seen hanging on the walls of his family's apartment in Paris. Finding two crates pillaged and an entire collection of silvers missing it was arranged for 36 crates to be sent to the Louvre for safekeeping. However to Valland's frustration it was another two months before the remainder of the crates were removed from the train and transferred to a secure location.
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Hermann
Goering about the artworks he had stolen. In 1946 Valland was put in charge of the Fine Arts activities for the French Oversight Board where she assisted in the recovery of numerous paintings, sculptures, precious coins, and tapestries belonging to France. In a 2013 report to the French Senate, it is estimated that due to the efforts of Valland, it had been possible for the Commission de Récupération Artistique and the Allies to locate approximately 60,000 works, with three-quarters of them returned to France before 1950.
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462:. In 2003, the central square in Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs, was renamed Place Rose Valland. The Collège Rose Valland, located at 1 rue Pierre de Coubertin in her home town, is also named in her honor. The Association de la Mémoire de Rose Valland, which was established to honor her memory, is based on Place Rose Valland in her hometown.
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Displaying initiative, Valland approached German military staff (whose names she had recorded while at the Jeu de Paume) and was able to confirm the location of several additional, previously unknown repository sites. Valland was a witness at the
Nuremberg trials in February 1946 where she confronted
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in the
Bavarian Alps, where more than twenty thousand works of art and cultural objects were found. She oversaw the return of 1,400 crates of artwork from Neuschwanstein Castle direct to the Jeu de Paume. Valland's records would later assist in speeding up the return of looted artworks to their
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Valland was able to give a copy of the Nazi shipment order to
Jaujard, which listed the train and goods wagon numbers, the contents of each crate and the destination of each goods wagon (either to Kogl Castle at Sankt Georgen im Attergau in Austria or the Nikolsburg depository in Moravia.) This
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Upon her return to France in 1953, Valland was appointed a conservator of the French Musées
Nationaux and in 1954 was named Chair of the "Commission for the Protection of Works of Art" (Chef du Service de protection des oeuvres d'art). In 1961, she wrote about her wartime experiences in a book
341:, the head of the ERR in France, was planning to remove to Germany as much artwork as he could, including many of the modern paintings which they had hitherto neglected. Valland learned that the trucks which had collected the artworks were heading to the
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train station on the outskirts of Paris. By the 2 August 1944, 148 crates of paintings containing in total 967 paintings, including works by Braque, CĂ©zanne, Degas, Dufy, Gauguin, Modigliani, Picasso, Toulouse-Lautrec and
Utrillo had been loaded on five
431:(republished in 1997). Valland retired in 1968 but continued to work on restitution matters for the French archives. Her valor and dedication resulted in numerous awards from her own and other countries. From the French government Valland received the
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waiting to be hooked up to another 48 goods wagons containing confiscated furniture and personal possessions of deported citizens. Fortunately, these other goods wagons had not yet been loaded which meant the train never left the station on schedule.
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on 4 May 1945. She served in
Germany for eight years, initially as a member of the "Commission for the Recovery of Works of Art" (Commission de Récupération Artistique) where she was the French government's liaison of the occupation zone in Germany.
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While the Nazi plundering was being carried out, Rose
Valland began secretly recording as much as possible of the more than 20,000 pieces of art brought to the Jeu de Paume Museum. Valland kept secret from the Germans the fact that she understood
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it took months of relationship building before she decided to turn over her most important records. The information
Valland was able to supply led to the discovery of multiple repositories of looted art in Southern Germany, most prominently at
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Following the end of the Second World War Valland began a relationship with Joyce Helen Heer (1917-1977), a Liverpool born secretary-interpreter at the Embassy of the United States. The two women shared an apartment on rue de Navarre in the
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The French Ministry of Culture and Communication (Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication) has a web portal, called Site Rose Valland Service des musées de France, which lists recovered artworks held in French national museums.
316:, the Director of the MusÄ—es Nationaux, about the status of Nazi art looting. In addition, for four years she kept track of where and to whom in Germany the artworks were shipped and risked her life to provide information to the
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about railroad shipments of art so that they would not mistakenly blow up the trains loaded with France's priceless treasures. The museum was visited by high-ranking Nazi officials, and Valland was there when Reichsmarschall
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Valland would converse with truck drivers employed by the Germans, and she was thus able to learn about artwork being ransacked and taken directly to the railway stations. Valland regularly informed
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rightful owners. To assist in her efforts to locate stolen works of art and return them to France, Valland applied for and received a commission first as a lieutenant and then captain in the
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was loosely based on her book, and includes a character named "Mlle Villard". Valland's role in preserving the stolen art was discussed as part of the 1994 book and 2006 documentary,
397:, Valland was initially arrested as a suspected Nazi collaborationist, because she had been employed at Jeu de Paume. She was soon released once her conduct had been vouched for.
309:. In fact, she never formally studied the language, but some trips in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s had helped her to get a good grasp of a then widely used scholarly language.
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On the initiative of the Association de la Mémoire de Rose Valland, a commemorative plaque honoring Valland was unveiled on 25 April 2005 on the façade of the Jeu de Paume.
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throughout France. They used the Jeu de Paume Museum as their central storage and sorting depot pending distribution to various persons and places in Germany.
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of National French and private Jewish-owned art from France; and, working with the French Resistance, she saved thousands of works of art.
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Trusting no one but Jaujard, she initially hesitated to share her records. After Jaujard had put her in touch with Captain
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in Paris, graduating in 1925. Afterward, she became a high school drawing teacher, but began to study art history at the
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and Rose Valland with art to be restituted to France, 1946 May, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
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241:. She graduated in 1933 with a special diploma from the École du Louvre, and engaged in graduate studies at the
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Institute for the Occupied Territories), or ERR, the Germans began the systematic looting of artworks from
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in Paris a small detachment under the command of lieutenant André Rosenberg (the son of exiled art dealer
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Grenoble: Musée de la Résistance et de la déportation de l’Isère-Maison des droits de l’homme, 2019.
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came on 3 May 1941 to personally select some of the stolen paintings for his own private collection.
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The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War
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The Monuments Men: Allied Heroes, Nazi Thieves, and the Greatest Treasure Hunt in History
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The Monuments Men: Allied Heroes, Nazi Thieves, and the Greatest Treasure Hunt in History
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900:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 425.
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1038:"Saving a Bit of Beauty for the World - Retelling the Story of Rose Valland"
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Valland was an inspiration for the character of Claire Simone, portrayed by
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Les Parisiennes: How the Women of Paris Lived, Loved and Died in the 1940s
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Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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1062:"The Burt Lancaster Movie That Told The Monuments Men Story 50 Years Ago"
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A stamp was released by the French postal service in her honor in 2018.
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The French government also made a rose and a stamp in her memory.
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In 2006, Valland was the subject of Corinne Bouchoux's biography
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1230:"Timbre : 2018 Rose Valland 1898 - 1980 | WikiTimbres"
778:"On the Trail of Lost Art: A Conversation with Lynn H. Nicholas"
1362:- Rose Valland: Art Historian Turned Spy To Save Art From Nazis
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245:. In 1932, Valland became a volunteer assistant curator at the
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1166:"The Monuments Men Is One Hell of a Monumental Motion Picture"
1124:"Book Review: 'Pictures at an Exhibition' by Sara Houghteling"
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List of foreign recipients of the Legion of Honour by country
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List of Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA) personnel
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And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris
443:. Following its creation in 1951, Valland received the
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Artful Collaborators: James J. Rorimer and Rose Valland
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Valland died in 1980 and was buried in her hometown of
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Humanities, September/October 2000, Volume 22/Number 3
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1400:, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
582:. A Parisian street is also named after her in the
183:(1 November 1898 – 18 September 1980) was a French
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988:"The tricky process of returning Nazi-looted art"
944:"The tricky process of returning Nazi-looted art"
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968:. L'Association La MĂ©moire de Rose Valland. 2011
1087:"Riveting Stories about Nazi plundering of Art"
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644:List of Legion of Honour recipients by name (V)
1015:"Rose Valland, un chef-d'Ĺ“uvre de RĂ©sistance"
990:. France 24. October 2, 2018. Archived from
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437:Commandeur of the Order of Arts and Letters
158:Commandeur of the Order of Arts and Letters
144:Commission for the Recovery of Works of Art
1205:"Grenoble. L'allée Rose-Valland inaugurée"
406:Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program
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1449:Female resistance members of World War II
393:Following the liberation of Paris by the
333:On 1 August 1944, a few weeks before the
229:École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts
107:École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts
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1142:. Monumentsmen.com. 2014. Archived from
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600:Rose in memory of Rose Valland in France
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451:. The United States awarded Valland the
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337:on 25 August 1944, Valland learned that
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19:For the Canadian singer-songwriter, see
16:French art curator and resistance member
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806:Edsel, Robert M.; Witter, Bret (2009).
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98:École nationale des beaux-arts de Lyon
1319:Paris, Éditions Les Pérégrines, 2023.
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846:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
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445:Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit
168:Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit
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553:in the George Clooney-directed film
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1404:Rose Valland, la résistante oubliée
1294:Edsel, Robert M., and Bret Witter.
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1479:Recipients of the Resistance Medal
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611:Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives
282:Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg
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1298:. New York: Center Street, 2009.
1248:Rose Valland: résistance au musée
388:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
262:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
1504:20th-century French LGBTQ people
1459:Officers of the Legion of Honour
1341:. New York: Viking Press, 1980.
1324:Rose Valland, une vie à l’œuvre.
746:"Not All Monuments Men Were Men"
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688:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
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559:, released in February 2014.
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362:Following the arrival of the
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63:Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs
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966:"L'espionne Du Jeu De Paume"
946:. France 24. October 2, 2018
744:Mashberg, Tom (2014-01-29).
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1454:École des Beaux-Arts alumni
1379:Rose Valland (1898 - 1980)
814:. New York: Center Street.
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483:5th arrondissement of Paris
449:Federal Republic of Germany
427:published under the title,
277:German occupation of France
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1250:. La Crèche: Geste, 2006.
1129:, Retrieved 20 March 2014.
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181:Rose Antonia Maria Valland
49:Rose Antonia Maria Valland
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1494:20th-century French women
1444:French Resistance members
1036:Schwartz, Claire (2016).
536:Pictures at an Exhibition
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284:fĂĽr die besetzten Gebiete
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1113:Retrieved 21 March 2014.
924:. Rosevalland.com. 2011
898:Paris at War: 1939-1944
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497:Plaque in front of the
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364:Second Armored Division
339:Heinrich Baron von Behr
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499:Musée du Jeu de Paume.
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896:Drake, David (2015).
874:. Stew Ross Discovers
872:"The Monuments Woman"
682:Riding, Alan (2010).
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568:Musée du Jeu de Paume
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411:Neuschwanstein Castle
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842:Sebba, Anne (2016).
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572:Jardin des Tuileries
439:and was awarded the
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1140:"The Monuments Men"
1127:The Washington Post
584:17th arrondissement
335:Liberation of Paris
275:at the time of the
273:Jeu de Paume Museum
247:Jeu de Paume Museum
239:University of Paris
123:University of Paris
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1276:. : Dupuis, 2009.
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1109:2018-11-09 at the
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580:5th arrondissement
517:The Rape of Europa
506:John Frankenheimer
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489:In popular culture
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1429:People from Isère
1332:978-2-35567-139-5
1317:Le livre de Rose.
1304:978-1-59995-150-8
994:on March 20, 2014
907:978-0-674-50481-3
853:978-0-297-87097-5
821:978-1-59995-150-8
695:978-0-307-26897-6
556:The Monuments Men
544:The Monuments Men
429:Le front de l'art
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318:French Resistance
243:Collège de France
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