3545:
3387:
3672:
3289:
3305:
3529:
3593:
123:
3273:
3209:
3609:
3465:
3497:
3577:
3355:
789:(Prunoideae), Neuradoideae, and Chrysobalanoideae, and most of these were treated as families by various authors. More recently (1971), Chrysobalanoideae was placed in Malpighiales in molecular analyses and Neuradoideae has been assigned to Malvales. Schulze-Menz, in Engler's Syllabus edited by Melchior (1964) recognized Rosoideae, Dryadoideae, Lyonothamnoideae, Spireoideae, Amygdaloideae, and Maloideae. They were primarily diagnosed by the structure of the fruits. More recent work has identified that not all of these groups were
3624:
3481:
3321:
3561:
3257:
3688:
3513:
3640:
3704:
3225:
3241:
3403:
146:
3419:
3371:
3449:
8180:
3435:
3337:
3656:
793:. Hutchinson (1964) and Kalkman (2004) recognized only tribes (17 and 21, respectively). Takhtajan (1997) delimited 21 tribes in 10 subfamilies: Filipenduloideae, Rosoideae, Ruboideae, Potentilloideae, Coleogynoideae, Kerroideae, Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae), Spireoideae, Maloideae (Pyroideae), Dichotomanthoideae. A more modern model comprises three subfamilies, one of which (Rosoideae) has largely remained the same.
270:
4866:
Chen ZD, Yan T, Lin L, Lu LM, Li HL, Sun M, Liu B, Chen M, Niu YT, Ye JF, Cao ZY, Liu HM, Wang XM, Wang W, Zhang JB, Meng Z, Cao W, Li JH, Wu SD, Zhao HL, Liu ZJ, Du ZY, Wan QF, Guo J, Tan XX, Su JX, Zhang LJ, Yang LL, Liao YY, Li MH, Zhang GQ, Chung SW, Zhang J, Xiang KL, Li RQ, Soltis DE, Soltis
2386:
Rosoideae has been identified as the earliest branching subfamily by Morgan et al. (1994), Evans (1999), Potter et al. (2002), Potter et al. (2007), Töpel et al. (2012), and Chen et al. (2016). The following is taken from Potter et al. (2007):
638:
are generally present, and are a primitive feature within the family, independently lost in many groups of
Amygdaloideae (previously called Spiraeoideae). The stipules are sometimes adnate (attached surface to surface) to the
898:
or the stalk bearing the carpels. The circumscription is now narrowed (excluding, for example, the
Dryadoideae), but it still remains a diverse group containing five or six tribes and 20 or more genera, including rose,
2942:
The
Rosaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found nearly everywhere except for Antarctica. They are primarily concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere in regions that are not desert or tropical rainforest.
814:
is common in several genera. This results in an uncertainty in the number of species contained in each of these genera, due to the difficulty of dividing apomictic complexes into species. For example,
946:
group, so it has been expanded to include the former
Spiraeoideae and Amygdaloideae. The subfamily has sometimes been referred to by the name "Spiraeoideae", but this is not permitted by the
1819:
The sister relationship between
Dryadoideae and Rosoideae is supported by the following shared morphological characters not found in Amygdaloideae: presence of stipules, separation of the
695:
occur in many varieties and were once considered the main characters for the definition of subfamilies amongst
Rosaceae, giving rise to a fundamentally artificial subdivision. They can be
1835:
Dryadoideae has been identified as the earliest branching subfamily by Evans et al. (2002) and Potter (2003). Most recently Xiang et al. (2017) recovered these relationships using
947:
796:
While the boundaries of the
Rosaceae are not disputed, there is no general agreement as to how many genera it contains. Areas of divergent opinion include the treatment of
4463:
Li HL, Wang W, Li RQ, Zhang JB, Sun M, Naeem R, Su JX, Xiang XG, Mortimer PE, Li DZ, Hyde KD, Xu JC, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Li J, Zhang SZ, Wu H, Chen ZD, Lu AM (2016).
1276:
subfamily by Chin et al. (2014), Li et al. (2015), Li et al. (2016), and Sun et al. (2016). Most recently Zhang et al. (2017) recovered these relationships using whole
930:: Within this group remains an identified clade with a pome fruit, traditionally known as subfamily Maloideae (or Pyroideae) which included genera such as apple,
4355:
Chin SW, Shaw J, Haberle R, Wen J, Potter D (2014). "Diversification of almonds, peaches, plums and cherries—Molecular systematics and biogeographic history of
2926:
The sister relationship between
Amygdaloideae and Dryadoideae is supported by the following shared biochemical characters not found in Rosoideae: production of
3671:
3608:
4029:
3480:
4589:
Evans RC, Campbell C, Potter D, Morgan D, Eriksson T, Alice L, Oh SH, Bortiri E, Gao F, Smedmark J, Arsenault M (2–7 August 2002). "A Rosaceae phylogeny".
3354:
3982:
Bortiri, E.; Oh, S.-H.; Jiang, J.; Baggett, S.; Granger, A.; Weeks, C.; Buckingham, M.; Potter, D.; Parfitt, D.E. (2001). "Phylogeny and
Systematics of
4593:. Botany 2002—Botany in the Curriculum: Integrating Research and Teaching. Madison, Wisconsin: Botanical Society of America, St. Louis. p. 108.
8429:
4406:"Large-scale phylogenetic analyses reveal multiple gains of actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing symbioses in angiosperms associated with climate change"
3623:
3592:
3288:
8468:
4955:
3304:
3528:
3402:
8645:
608:
Rosaceae can be woody trees, shrubs, climbers or herbaceous plants. The herbs are mostly perennials, but some annuals also exist, such as
3544:
3386:
3272:
8377:
5003:
4138:
Potter D, Eriksson T, Evans RC, Oh S, Smedmark JE, Morgan DR, Kerr M, Robertson KR, Arsenault M, Dickinson TA, Campbell CS (2007).
4101:
3560:
3496:
634:
compound (either odd- or even-pinnate). Compound leaves appear in around 30 genera. The leaf margin is most often serrate. Paired
8442:
8390:
4867:
PS, Zhou SL, Ran JH, Wang XQ, Jin XH, Chen YS, Gao TG, Li JH, Zhang SZ, Lu AM, et al. (China
Phylogeny Consortium) (2016).
4506:
Sun Miao; Naeem Rehan; Su Jun-Xia; Cao Zhi-Yong; Burleigh J. Gordon; Soltis Pamela S.; Soltis Douglas E.; Chen Zhi-Duan (2016).
4748:
Potter D, Gao F, Esteban Bortiri P, Oh SH, Baggett S (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships in Rosaceae inferred from chloroplast
647:
may be present on leaf margins or petioles. Spines may be present on the midrib of leaflets and the rachis of compound leaves.
4318:. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 6 (1 ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 343–386.
3576:
8260:
4613:
4361:
4331:
4232:
4207:
4085:
4057:
3806:
3224:
4924:
3953:
3464:
3320:
3256:
3157:
However, several genera are also introduced noxious weeds in some parts of the world, costing money to be controlled. These
8447:
4873:
4512:
4469:
3208:
3512:
4631:"Evolution of Rosaceae fruit types based on nuclear phylogeny in the context of geological times and genome duplication"
3687:
671:. The bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens are fused together to form a characteristic cup-like structure called a
3418:
4948:
8602:
8571:
3240:
3639:
8473:
8416:
4762:
4635:
4147:
8535:
3161:
can have negative impacts on the diversity of local ecosystems once established. Such naturalised pests include
8566:
8455:
4982:
3370:
4248:
3448:
683:. Solitary flowers are rare. Rosaceae have a variety of color petals, but blue is almost completely absent.
8183:
5008:
4998:
4941:
3336:
2951:
The rose family is considered one of the six most economically important crop plant families, and includes
8278:
8273:
8247:
4722:
3655:
17:
3890:
8530:
8369:
8343:
4686:
234:
8522:
8265:
469:
Many economically important products come from the Rosaceae, including various edible fruits, such as
8607:
8483:
8395:
145:
1010:
between the three subfamilies within Rosaceae are unresolved. There are three competing hypotheses:
4993:
3703:
31:
3769:
8640:
8364:
869:
8509:
8338:
8200:
4604:
Potter D. (2003). "Molecular phylogenetic studies in Rosaceae". In Sharma AK, Sharma A (eds.).
8504:
8434:
4023:
3182:
In Bulgaria and parts of western Asia, the production of rose oil from fresh flowers such as
2903:
2358:
1796:
1273:
644:
8496:
4807:"Past climate change and plant evolution in Western North America: A case study in Rosaceae"
4608:. Vol. 1, Part A: Phanerogams. Enfield, NH: Scientific Publications. pp. 319–351.
3434:
122:
8299:
4820:
4771:
4419:
4370:
4156:
2927:
4139:
600:. However, all of these numbers should be seen as estimates—much taxonomic work remains.
8:
4906:
3927:
895:
738:
463:
8356:
8330:
4933:
4824:
4775:
4680:
Morgan DR, Soltis DE, Robertson KR (1994). "Systematic and evolutionary implications of
4423:
4374:
4160:
3184:
942:(hawthorn). To separate it at the subfamily level would leave the remaining genera as a
8589:
8351:
8238:
8023:
7241:
7133:
6757:
5244:
4988:
4843:
4806:
4787:
4703:
4657:
4630:
4488:
4440:
4410:
4405:
4337:
4180:
4172:
4109:
4011:
282:
140:
4548:"Diversification of Rosaceae since the Late Cretaceous based on plastid phylogenomics"
3822:
3730:"Diversification of Rosaceae since the Late Cretaceous based on plastid phylogenomics"
3014:
Many genera are also highly valued ornamental plants. These include trees and shrubs (
8630:
8491:
8286:
7980:
7779:
7331:
7191:
7120:
7043:
6924:
6810:
6727:
6092:
5083:
5019:
4848:
4662:
4609:
4571:
4546:
Zhang SD, Jin JJ, Chen SY, Chase MW, Soltis DE, Li HT, Yang JB, Li DZ, Yi TS (2017).
4445:
4404:
Li HL, Wang W, Mortimer PE, Li RQ, Li DZ, Hyde KD, Xu JC, Soltis DE, Chen ZD (2015).
4386:
4327:
4228:
4203:
4081:
4053:
3867:
3842:
3802:
3751:
521:, and almonds. The family also includes popular ornamental trees and shrubs, such as
317:
4791:
4492:
4341:
4184:
8635:
8594:
7864:
7854:
7814:
7794:
7570:
7500:
7475:
7422:
7196:
7186:
6949:
6886:
6830:
6805:
6551:
6456:
6423:
6213:
6127:
6122:
6097:
5998:
5960:
5868:
5532:
5395:
5370:
5365:
5158:
5075:
4882:
4838:
4828:
4779:
4695:
4652:
4644:
4561:
4521:
4478:
4435:
4427:
4378:
4319:
4316:
Flowering plants—Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales
4164:
4003:
3902:
3741:
3344:
696:
640:
610:
431:
361:
655:
Flowers of plants in the rose family are generally described as "showy". They are
8581:
8291:
8252:
8145:
7932:
7799:
7784:
7364:
7251:
7231:
7226:
7216:
7181:
6997:
6992:
6792:
6762:
6732:
6616:
6581:
6541:
6516:
6506:
6466:
6218:
6107:
5990:
5965:
5860:
5832:
5822:
5615:
5585:
5527:
5512:
5375:
5201:
5108:
4965:
4928:
4921:
4833:
4552:
3960:
3827:
977:
745:
742:
722:
700:
435:
183:
8460:
4382:
8558:
8137:
8127:
8109:
8081:
8043:
8033:
7985:
7952:
7942:
7937:
7859:
7809:
7756:
7741:
7626:
7540:
7480:
7470:
7374:
7276:
7211:
7201:
7161:
7143:
6944:
6871:
6659:
6621:
6576:
6511:
6486:
6461:
6405:
6319:
6087:
6034:
5970:
5827:
5719:
5696:
5658:
5635:
5625:
5428:
5290:
5229:
5093:
4007:
3907:
3158:
3046:
3004:
1839:
1824:
170:
4323:
4168:
8624:
8119:
8048:
8018:
7995:
7990:
7975:
7927:
7894:
7889:
7824:
7618:
7603:
7550:
7530:
7490:
7485:
7465:
7427:
7379:
7326:
7316:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7236:
7151:
7128:
7110:
7078:
7063:
7025:
6929:
6909:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6747:
6742:
6722:
6707:
6669:
6664:
6611:
6601:
6596:
6546:
6526:
6501:
6491:
6392:
6314:
6294:
6233:
6228:
6208:
6142:
6112:
6072:
5980:
5975:
5922:
5792:
5754:
5729:
5701:
5686:
5630:
5610:
5605:
5522:
5489:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5420:
5410:
5400:
5380:
5350:
5282:
5249:
5239:
5206:
5196:
5186:
5055:
5037:
4969:
4288:. Vol. II (12 ed.). Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger. pp. 209–218.
3136:
2841:
2593:
2446:
2185:
2063:
1872:
1662:
1551:
1303:
959:
927:
883:
786:
680:
656:
249:
132:
80:
4648:
8548:
8223:
8058:
8053:
8038:
8028:
7967:
7849:
7834:
7804:
7761:
7751:
7705:
7682:
7672:
7644:
7545:
7525:
7495:
7437:
7384:
7306:
7261:
7221:
7176:
7166:
7156:
7048:
7017:
6982:
6967:
6881:
6876:
6782:
6536:
6531:
6496:
6476:
6451:
6438:
6428:
6400:
6357:
6352:
6309:
6276:
6261:
6223:
6200:
6137:
6132:
6117:
6082:
6064:
6016:
5955:
5950:
5942:
5817:
5777:
5711:
5691:
5681:
5673:
5640:
5600:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5479:
5474:
5438:
5355:
5234:
5191:
5088:
5065:
5029:
4852:
4666:
4575:
4465:"Global versus Chinese perspectives on the phylogeny of the N-fixing clade"
4449:
4390:
4073:
3755:
3190:
3150:
2468:
2200:
1836:
1623:
943:
790:
778:
664:
510:
326:
4783:
4629:
Xiang Y, Huang CH, Hu Y, Wen J, Li S, Yi T, Chen H, Xiang J, Ma H (2017).
4080:(Fourth ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Floristics.
630:, but have an opposite arrangement in some species. They can be simple or
8403:
8232:
8013:
7909:
7869:
7844:
7839:
7829:
7697:
7687:
7677:
7659:
7608:
7560:
7555:
7535:
7515:
7442:
7369:
7311:
7266:
7206:
7171:
7068:
7058:
7002:
6914:
6853:
6848:
6800:
6772:
6752:
6712:
6694:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6561:
6556:
6521:
6415:
6372:
6347:
6271:
6243:
6238:
6077:
6054:
6039:
6008:
5927:
5802:
5782:
5744:
5595:
5590:
5567:
5552:
5494:
5484:
5390:
5385:
5337:
5254:
5178:
5163:
5140:
5135:
5060:
5047:
4505:
3986:(Rosaceae) as Determined by Sequence Analysis of ITS and the Chloroplast
3891:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
3727:
3130:
3112:
3058:
3022:
3016:
2863:
2753:
2327:
1984:
1756:
1494:
988:
971:
965:
954:
932:
816:
704:
627:
564:
498:
254:
55:
4176:
3981:
8096:
8086:
8063:
7947:
7884:
7819:
7746:
7723:
7649:
7595:
7505:
7359:
7346:
7321:
7301:
7053:
7035:
7007:
6977:
6972:
6904:
6863:
6840:
6777:
6767:
6717:
6702:
6631:
6586:
6571:
6481:
6382:
6362:
6324:
6304:
6026:
5932:
5812:
5797:
5787:
5517:
5466:
5405:
5360:
5211:
5168:
5127:
5118:
4707:
4015:
3124:
3100:
3076:
3070:
2996:
2992:
2793:
2673:
2628:
2048:
2008:
1930:
1820:
1447:
1423:
1375:
913:
891:
850:
844:
798:
672:
546:
502:
446:
100:
65:
4887:
4868:
4566:
4547:
4526:
4507:
4483:
4464:
4431:
3746:
3729:
752:. Many fruits of the family are edible, but their seeds often contain
8408:
8325:
8312:
8104:
8073:
8005:
7874:
7733:
7715:
7667:
7636:
7565:
7510:
7447:
7432:
7417:
7354:
7336:
7271:
7246:
7083:
6987:
6939:
6919:
6566:
6471:
6446:
5917:
5909:
5807:
5772:
5749:
5739:
5724:
5663:
5620:
5580:
5557:
5327:
5259:
5150:
4303:. Vol. 1, Dicotyledons. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 1–516.
3202:
The family Rosaceae covers a wide range of trees, bushes and plants.
3040:
3034:
3028:
3000:
2808:
2697:
2564:
2516:
2410:
2296:
2248:
2142:
2120:
2096:
1734:
1710:
1580:
1527:
1399:
1007:
938:
879:
838:
782:
774:
753:
631:
558:
534:
518:
459:
455:
259:
105:
8421:
8382:
8194:
4699:
8543:
8217:
7957:
7879:
7789:
7771:
7520:
7457:
7409:
7399:
7256:
7073:
6959:
6934:
6896:
6737:
6606:
6591:
6377:
6367:
6299:
6266:
6175:
6102:
5899:
5882:
5734:
5650:
5504:
5319:
5309:
5221:
4811:
3052:
2931:
2870:
2738:
2334:
1969:
1763:
1479:
907:
887:
827:
811:
749:
730:
585:
538:
514:
196:
95:
90:
75:
70:
60:
48:
8317:
4903:
Economic Botany: Twenty-Five Economically Important Plant Families
957:: Fruits are achenes with hairy styles, and includes five genera (
7919:
7585:
6684:
6639:
6334:
6286:
6253:
6167:
5891:
5837:
5345:
3888:
3106:
3094:
2980:
1277:
993:
983:
757:
659:, and almost always hermaphroditic. Rosaceae generally have five
635:
593:
526:
482:
454:. The family includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. Most species are
219:
110:
85:
4200:
The Kew Plant Glossary, an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms
6190:
6157:
5764:
5575:
3163:
3088:
3064:
2988:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2658:
2540:
2483:
2272:
2224:
1915:
1686:
1638:
1360:
948:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
832:
805:
717:
708:
676:
668:
623:
597:
576:
552:
506:
490:
478:
439:
269:
209:
4261:
Caratini, Roger. La Vie de plantes. 1971. Encyclopédie Bordas.
4048:
Heywood, V.H.; Brummitt, R.K.; Culham, A.; Seberg, O. (2007).
388:
382:
8517:
8304:
2976:
2952:
901:
856:
712:
692:
660:
589:
570:
530:
494:
470:
157:
4804:
4508:"Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis"
4047:
3118:
3082:
3008:
2984:
2956:
919:
822:
773:
The family was traditionally divided into six subfamilies:
734:
726:
581:
522:
486:
474:
450:
418:
412:
403:
397:
376:
367:
4747:
4284:
Schulze-Menz GK. (1964). "Rosaceae". In Melchior H (ed.).
462:. They have a worldwide range but are most diverse in the
4963:
4922:
Rosaceae at the DELTA Online Families of Flowering Plants
4588:
4869:"Tree of life for the genera of Chinese vascular plants"
3870:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden
3728:
Zhang S.-D.; Jin J.-J.; Chen S.-Y.; et al. (2017).
4102:"Rosaceae Juss.: FloraBase: Flora of Western Australia"
3801:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 1–620.
3194:, and other species is an important economic industry.
3617:, a Japanese shrub with fruits high in toxic amygdalin
4679:
4137:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
544:
Among the most species-rich genera in the family are
409:
394:
379:
373:
4314:
Kalkman C. (2004). "Rosaceae". In Kubitzki K (ed.).
4052:. Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. pp. 280–282.
3882:
364:
4907:
Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) e-book
4723:"Rosaceae Phylogeny: Origin of Subfamily Maloideae"
991:which host nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus
370:
4805:Töpel M, Antonelli A, Yesson C, Eriksen B (2012).
4354:
4223:Folta, Kevin M.; Gardiner, Susan E., eds. (2008).
3938:
4545:
4028:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
3889:Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016).
882:: Traditionally composed of those genera bearing
860:hundreds, or possibly even thousands of species.
8622:
4403:
4283:
3799:Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants
826:around 100 (including the taxonomically complex
4628:
4043:
4041:
4039:
3954:"The families of flowering plants: Rosaceae L."
890:, and often the fleshy part of the fruit (e.g.
5859:
3951:
3364:), a fruit tree typical by flowering in autumn
4949:
4462:
4298:
4227:(1 ed.). New York: Springer. p. 2.
4222:
5281:
4865:
4036:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3677:Autumn foliage of the Korean mountain ash (
2937:
415:
400:
385:
4956:
4942:
4729:. Botany Department, University of Toronto
4313:
4140:"Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae"
3490:) popular for red color of its new growths
268:
121:
4886:
4842:
4832:
4656:
4603:
4565:
4525:
4482:
4439:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3906:
3745:
1272:Amygdaloideae has been identified as the
760:during digestion if the seed is damaged.
4720:
4606:Plant Genome: Biodiversity and Evolution
4541:
4539:
4537:
3787:
438:that includes 4,828 known species in 91
7397:
4197:
4191:
14:
8623:
6166:
4286:Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
4124:
4094:
3915:
1827:, and the fruits are usually achenes.
1267:
8199:
8198:
6155:
4937:
4534:
4216:
4202:. Kew, London, U.K.: Kew publishing.
4072:
4066:
4050:Flowering Plant Families of the World
886:that are made up of small achenes or
820:contains between 70 and 300 species,
8572:2ed7e3fa-8568-4c33-85fa-02fba53fe739
8523:220AC9D5-032F-6A99-5995-65A7894C44D0
8484:5828cfa3-45b0-4a02-8497-26fd3fe0a687
4874:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
4513:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
4470:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
3762:
1830:
768:
8646:Extant Cretaceous first appearances
4241:
3952:Watson, L.; Dallwitz, M.J. (1992).
3633:) known for its ornamental prickles
686:
24:
8536:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000200-2
2381:
810:. Compounding the problem is that
25:
8657:
4915:
4684:sequence variation in Rosaceae".
4225:Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae
3957:Description Language for Taxonomy
8179:
8178:
4727:Rosaceae Phylogeny and Evolution
3702:
3686:
3670:
3654:
3638:
3622:
3607:
3591:
3575:
3559:
3543:
3534:Mature fruit of an almond tree (
3527:
3511:
3495:
3479:
3463:
3447:
3433:
3417:
3401:
3385:
3369:
3353:
3335:
3319:
3303:
3287:
3271:
3255:
3239:
3223:
3207:
360:
277:Global distribution of Rosaceae
144:
53:
4895:
4859:
4798:
4741:
4714:
4673:
4622:
4597:
4582:
4499:
4456:
4397:
4348:
4307:
4292:
4277:
4264:
4255:
4148:Plant Systematics and Evolution
3975:
3847:Wiktionary, the free dictionary
27:Rose family of flowering plants
4301:The Genera of Flowering Plants
4078:New Flora of the British Isles
4010:(inactive 12 September 2024).
3928:"Angiosperm Phylogeny Website"
3860:
3835:
3828:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
3815:
3721:
3412:) valued for its intense aroma
987:), most species of which form
603:
13:
1:
3714:
3602:) typical for Asian countries
667:, and many spirally arranged
445:The name is derived from the
4834:10.1371/journal.pone.0050358
1001:
7:
4760:nucleotide sequence data".
4383:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.024
4272:Taxonomy of Vascular Plants
874:Identified clades include:
763:
10:
8662:
4008:10.1043/0363-6445-26.4.797
3908:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
3868:"The Plant List: Rosaceae"
3197:
3098:), herbaceous perennials (
1008:phylogenetic relationships
867:
675:. They can be arranged in
650:
580:(200), which contains the
29:
8207:
8174:
8136:
8118:
8095:
8072:
8004:
7966:
7918:
7907:
7770:
7732:
7714:
7696:
7658:
7635:
7617:
7594:
7583:
7456:
7408:
7345:
7142:
7119:
7108:
7034:
7016:
6958:
6895:
6862:
6839:
6791:
6693:
6682:
6630:
6437:
6414:
6391:
6333:
6285:
6252:
6199:
6188:
6184:
6063:
6052:
6025:
6007:
5989:
5941:
5908:
5890:
5881:
5850:
5763:
5710:
5672:
5649:
5566:
5503:
5465:
5437:
5419:
5336:
5318:
5303:
5272:
5220:
5177:
5149:
5126:
5117:
5106:
5074:
5046:
5028:
5017:
4977:
4324:10.1007/978-3-662-07257-8
4169:10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9
3294:Northern downy hawthorn (
2901:
2868:
2839:
2806:
2791:
2784:
2751:
2736:
2729:
2695:
2671:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2586:
2562:
2538:
2514:
2481:
2466:
2459:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2403:
2395:
2356:
2332:
2294:
2270:
2246:
2222:
2198:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2118:
2094:
2061:
2046:
2039:
2006:
1982:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1928:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1794:
1761:
1732:
1708:
1684:
1660:
1636:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1573:
1549:
1525:
1492:
1477:
1470:
1445:
1421:
1397:
1373:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1296:
1288:
1231:
1218:
1211:
1198:
1191:
1152:
1139:
1132:
1119:
1112:
1073:
1060:
1053:
1040:
1033:
905:(blackberry, raspberry),
863:
617:
334:Sprengel ex Weinmann 1824
288:
281:
276:
267:
246:
241:
141:Scientific classification
139:
129:
120:
41:
4901:B.C. Bennett (undated).
2938:Distribution and habitat
30:Not to be confused with
8579:Watson & Dallwitz:
4270:Lawrence, G.H.M. 1960.
3663:Sanguisorba officinalis
3566:Stansbury's cliffrose (
3504:Physocarpus opulifolius
2946:
870:List of Rosaceae genera
842:between 200 and 1,000,
626:are generally arranged
305:Richard ex Nestler 1816
4299:Hutchinson J. (1964).
3310:Creeping cotoneaster (
3280:Cercocarpus betuloides
3230:Common lady's mantle (
8505:Paleobiology Database
4784:10.1007/s006060200012
4649:10.1093/molbev/msw242
3797:Takhtajan A. (1997).
3518:Creeping cinquefoil (
3454:Apple tree blossoms (
3312:Cotoneaster adpressus
2928:cyanogenic glycosides
645:extrafloral nectaries
4198:Beentje, H. (2010).
3568:Purshia stansburyana
3424:Old man's whiskers (
3394:Filipendula vulgaris
3326:Shrubby cinquefoil (
3264:Chaenomeles japonica
1016:Amygdaloideae basal
848:around 300 species,
836:100 to 200 species,
756:, which can release
657:radially symmetrical
430:, is a medium-sized
4927:14 May 2011 at the
4825:2012PLoSO...750358T
4776:2002PSyEv.231...77P
4424:2015NatSR...514023L
4375:2014MolPE..76...34C
4362:Mol Phylogenet Evol
4161:2007PSyEv.266....5P
3615:Rhodotypos scandens
3584:Pyracantha coccinea
3582:Scarlet firethorn (
3362:Eriobotrya japonica
3328:Dasiphora fruticosa
3296:Crataegus submollis
3278:Mountain mahogany (
3232:Alchemilla vulgaris
1268:Amygdaloideae basal
464:Northern Hemisphere
8024:Pentaphragmataceae
7242:Stegnospermataceae
7134:Berberidopsidaceae
6758:Pentadiplandraceae
5245:Atherospermataceae
3831:. Merriam-Webster.
3693:Rose meadowsweet (
3520:Potentilla reptans
3488:Photinia x fraseri
3486:Red Tip Photinia (
3472:Mespilus germanica
3378:Exochorda racemosa
3216:Acaena magellanica
3134:), alpine plants (
2930:and production of
1274:earliest branching
1019:Dryadoideae basal
8618:
8617:
8492:Open Tree of Life
8201:Taxon identifiers
8192:
8191:
8170:
8169:
8166:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8154:
8153:
7981:Cardiopteridaceae
7903:
7902:
7780:Plocospermataceae
7579:
7578:
7393:
7392:
7332:Anacampserotaceae
7192:Ancistrocladaceae
7121:Berberidopsidales
7104:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7044:Biebersteiniaceae
6925:Sphaerosepalaceae
6811:Strasburgeriaceae
6728:Setchellanthaceae
6678:
6677:
6151:
6150:
6093:Cercidiphyllaceae
6048:
6047:
5877:
5876:
5846:
5845:
5299:
5298:
5268:
5267:
5102:
5101:
5084:Austrobaileyaceae
4888:10.1111/jse.12219
4721:Evans R. (1999).
4615:978-1-578-08238-4
4567:10.1111/nph.14461
4527:10.1111/jse.12211
4484:10.1111/jse.12201
4432:10.1038/srep14023
4333:978-3-540-06512-8
4250:CASRN: 29883-15-6
4234:978-0-387-77490-9
4209:978-1-842-46422-9
4087:978-1-5272-2630-2
4059:978-1-55407-206-4
3996:Systematic Botany
3808:978-0-231-10098-4
3747:10.1111/nph.14461
3695:Spiraea splendens
3647:Rubus spectabilis
3502:Common ninebark (
3410:Fragaria moschata
3408:Musk strawberry (
2923:
2922:
2914:
2913:
2890:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2852:
2851:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2818:
2773:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2717:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2684:
2683:
2575:
2574:
2551:
2550:
2527:
2526:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2345:
2344:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2283:
2282:
2259:
2258:
2235:
2234:
2211:
2210:
2131:
2130:
2107:
2106:
2083:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2018:
1995:
1994:
1941:
1940:
1831:Dryadoideae basal
1816:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1745:
1744:
1721:
1720:
1697:
1696:
1673:
1672:
1649:
1648:
1562:
1561:
1538:
1537:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1458:
1457:
1434:
1433:
1410:
1409:
1386:
1385:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
854:roughly 500, and
769:Taxonomic history
729:of an apple, the
353:
352:
347:
341:
335:
329:
321:
312:
306:
300:
294:
237:
16:(Redirected from
8653:
8611:
8610:
8598:
8597:
8585:
8584:
8575:
8574:
8562:
8561:
8552:
8551:
8539:
8538:
8526:
8525:
8513:
8512:
8500:
8499:
8487:
8486:
8477:
8476:
8464:
8463:
8461:NBNSYS0000160907
8451:
8450:
8438:
8437:
8425:
8424:
8412:
8411:
8399:
8398:
8386:
8385:
8373:
8372:
8360:
8359:
8347:
8346:
8334:
8333:
8321:
8320:
8308:
8307:
8295:
8294:
8282:
8281:
8269:
8268:
8256:
8255:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8196:
8195:
8182:
8181:
7916:
7915:
7865:Thomandersiaceae
7855:Lentibulariaceae
7815:Scrophulariaceae
7795:Tetrachondraceae
7592:
7591:
7581:
7580:
7571:Mitrastemonaceae
7501:Pentaphylacaceae
7476:Tetrameristaceae
7423:Hydrostachyaceae
7406:
7405:
7395:
7394:
7197:Rhabdodendraceae
7187:Dioncophyllaceae
7117:
7116:
6950:Dipterocarpaceae
6887:Dipentodontaceae
6831:Crossosomataceae
6806:Geissolomataceae
6691:
6690:
6552:Chrysobalanaceae
6457:Ctenolophonaceae
6424:Lepidobotryaceae
6214:Anisophylleaceae
6197:
6196:
6186:
6185:
6164:
6163:
6153:
6152:
6128:Tetracarpaeaceae
6123:Aphanopetalaceae
6098:Daphniphyllaceae
6061:
6060:
6050:
6049:
5999:Trochodendraceae
5961:Circaeasteraceae
5888:
5887:
5869:Ceratophyllaceae
5857:
5856:
5533:Alstroemeriaceae
5396:Potamogetonaceae
5371:Scheuchzeriaceae
5366:Hydrocharitaceae
5316:
5315:
5279:
5278:
5159:Aristolochiaceae
5124:
5123:
5115:
5114:
5076:Austrobaileyales
5026:
5025:
5022:
5020:Basalangiosperms
5004:Acrogymnospermae
4966:flowering plants
4958:
4951:
4944:
4935:
4934:
4909:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4846:
4836:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4660:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4569:
4560:(3): 1355–1367.
4543:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4443:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4281:
4275:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4253:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4144:
4135:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4112:on 15 March 2011
4108:. Archived from
4098:
4092:
4091:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4045:
4034:
4033:
4027:
4019:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3959:. Archived from
3949:
3936:
3935:
3924:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3794:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3740:(3): 1355–1367.
3725:
3706:
3690:
3679:Sorbus alnifolia
3674:
3658:
3642:
3629:The silky rose (
3626:
3611:
3595:
3579:
3563:
3547:
3531:
3515:
3499:
3483:
3467:
3451:
3437:
3421:
3405:
3389:
3373:
3357:
3345:Dryas octopetala
3342:Mountain avens (
3339:
3323:
3307:
3291:
3275:
3262:Maule's quince (
3259:
3243:
3227:
3211:
3148:) and climbers (
2787:
2786:
2732:
2731:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2643:
2622:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2588:
2462:
2461:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2417:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2149:
2042:
2041:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1576:
1575:
1473:
1472:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1214:
1213:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1135:
1134:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1056:
1055:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1022:Rosoideae basal
1013:
1012:
884:aggregate fruits
723:accessory fruits
687:Fruits and seeds
611:Aphanes arvensis
436:flowering plants
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
411:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
391:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
345:
339:
333:
325:
316:
310:
304:
298:
292:
272:
233:
149:
148:
125:
115:
52:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
21:
8661:
8660:
8656:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8651:
8650:
8621:
8620:
8619:
8614:
8606:
8601:
8593:
8588:
8580:
8578:
8570:
8565:
8557:
8555:
8547:
8542:
8534:
8529:
8521:
8516:
8508:
8503:
8495:
8490:
8482:
8480:
8472:
8467:
8459:
8454:
8446:
8441:
8433:
8428:
8420:
8415:
8407:
8402:
8394:
8389:
8381:
8376:
8368:
8363:
8355:
8350:
8342:
8337:
8329:
8324:
8316:
8311:
8303:
8298:
8290:
8285:
8277:
8272:
8264:
8259:
8251:
8246:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8222:
8221:
8216:
8203:
8193:
8188:
8150:
8146:Paracryphiaceae
8132:
8114:
8091:
8068:
8000:
7962:
7933:Torricelliaceae
7912:
7899:
7800:Calceolariaceae
7785:Carlemanniaceae
7766:
7728:
7710:
7692:
7654:
7631:
7613:
7588:
7575:
7452:
7402:
7389:
7365:Balanophoraceae
7341:
7252:Lophiocarpaceae
7232:Achatocarpaceae
7227:Caryophyllaceae
7217:Macarthuriaceae
7182:Drosophyllaceae
7138:
7113:
7088:
7030:
7012:
6998:Crypteroniaceae
6993:Melastomataceae
6954:
6891:
6858:
6835:
6793:Crossosomatales
6787:
6763:Gyrostemonaceae
6733:Koeberliniaceae
6687:
6674:
6626:
6617:Picrodendraceae
6582:Lacistemataceae
6542:Dichapetalaceae
6517:Centroplacaceae
6507:Lophopyxidaceae
6467:Erythroxylaceae
6433:
6410:
6387:
6329:
6281:
6248:
6219:Corynocarpaceae
6193:
6180:
6160:
6147:
6108:Grossulariaceae
6057:
6044:
6021:
6003:
5991:Trochodendrales
5985:
5966:Lardizabalaceae
5937:
5904:
5873:
5861:Ceratophyllales
5852:Ceratophyllidae
5842:
5833:Ecdeiocoleaceae
5823:Flagellariaceae
5759:
5706:
5668:
5645:
5616:Tecophilaeaceae
5586:Blandfordiaceae
5562:
5528:Petermanniaceae
5513:Campynemataceae
5499:
5461:
5433:
5415:
5376:Aponogetonaceae
5332:
5307:
5295:
5264:
5216:
5202:Himantandraceae
5173:
5145:
5111:
5109:Mesangiospermae
5098:
5070:
5042:
5018:
5013:
4994:Marchantiophyta
4973:
4962:
4929:Wayback Machine
4918:
4913:
4912:
4900:
4896:
4864:
4860:
4803:
4799:
4763:Plant Syst Evol
4746:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4719:
4715:
4700:10.2307/2445770
4678:
4674:
4627:
4623:
4616:
4602:
4598:
4587:
4583:
4544:
4535:
4504:
4500:
4461:
4457:
4402:
4398:
4353:
4349:
4334:
4312:
4308:
4297:
4293:
4282:
4278:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4196:
4192:
4142:
4136:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4046:
4037:
4021:
4020:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3950:
3939:
3926:
3925:
3916:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3852:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3795:
3788:
3778:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3698:
3691:
3682:
3675:
3666:
3659:
3650:
3643:
3634:
3627:
3618:
3612:
3603:
3600:Pyrus pyrifolia
3596:
3587:
3580:
3571:
3564:
3555:
3548:
3539:
3532:
3523:
3516:
3507:
3500:
3491:
3484:
3475:
3470:Common medlar (
3468:
3459:
3452:
3443:
3441:Kerria japonica
3438:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3406:
3397:
3390:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3324:
3315:
3308:
3299:
3292:
3283:
3276:
3267:
3260:
3251:
3248:Aruncus dioicus
3244:
3235:
3228:
3219:
3212:
3200:
3159:invasive plants
2949:
2940:
2924:
2915:
2891:
2882:
2853:
2829:
2820:
2774:
2765:
2718:
2709:
2685:
2576:
2552:
2528:
2504:
2495:
2384:
2382:Rosoideae basal
2379:
2370:
2346:
2317:
2308:
2284:
2260:
2236:
2212:
2132:
2108:
2084:
2075:
2029:
2020:
1996:
1942:
1833:
1817:
1808:
1784:
1775:
1746:
1722:
1698:
1674:
1650:
1563:
1539:
1515:
1506:
1459:
1435:
1411:
1387:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1004:
872:
866:
771:
766:
689:
653:
620:
606:
458:, but some are
408:
393:
363:
359:
332:Potentillaceae
320:ex Britton 1903
232:
143:
116:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8659:
8649:
8648:
8643:
8641:Rosid families
8638:
8633:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8612:
8599:
8595:wfo-7000000532
8586:
8576:
8563:
8553:
8540:
8527:
8514:
8501:
8488:
8478:
8465:
8452:
8439:
8426:
8413:
8400:
8387:
8374:
8361:
8348:
8335:
8322:
8309:
8296:
8283:
8270:
8257:
8244:
8229:
8213:
8211:
8205:
8204:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8148:
8142:
8140:
8138:Paracryphiales
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8128:Escalloniaceae
8124:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8110:Caprifoliaceae
8107:
8101:
8099:
8093:
8092:
8090:
8089:
8084:
8082:Columelliaceae
8078:
8076:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8044:Argophyllaceae
8041:
8036:
8034:Alseuosmiaceae
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8010:
8008:
8002:
8001:
7999:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7986:Phyllonomaceae
7983:
7978:
7972:
7970:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7953:Myodocarpaceae
7950:
7945:
7943:Pittosporaceae
7940:
7938:Griseliniaceae
7935:
7930:
7924:
7922:
7913:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7860:Schlegeliaceae
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7810:Plantaginaceae
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7776:
7774:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7764:
7759:
7757:Sphenocleaceae
7754:
7749:
7744:
7742:Convolvulaceae
7738:
7736:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7720:
7718:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7702:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7647:
7641:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7627:Metteniusaceae
7623:
7621:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7600:
7598:
7589:
7584:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7541:Sarraceniaceae
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7481:Fouquieriaceae
7478:
7473:
7471:Marcgraviaceae
7468:
7462:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7414:
7412:
7403:
7398:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7375:Misodendraceae
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7351:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7277:Phytolaccaceae
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7212:Asteropeiaceae
7209:
7204:
7202:Simmondsiaceae
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7162:Plumbaginaceae
7159:
7154:
7148:
7146:
7144:Caryophyllales
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7125:
7123:
7114:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7040:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7022:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6964:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6945:Sarcolaenaceae
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6872:Gerrardinaceae
6868:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6851:
6845:
6843:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6797:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6697:
6688:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6660:Elaeocarpaceae
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6636:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6622:Phyllanthaceae
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6577:Passifloraceae
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6512:Putranjivaceae
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6487:Calophyllaceae
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6462:Rhizophoraceae
6459:
6454:
6449:
6443:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6420:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6406:Zygophyllaceae
6403:
6397:
6395:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6339:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6320:Ticodendraceae
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6194:
6189:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6161:
6156:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6088:Hamamelidaceae
6085:
6080:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6058:
6053:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6035:Myrothamnaceae
6031:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6013:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5995:
5993:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5971:Menispermaceae
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5896:
5894:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5828:Joinvilleaceae
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5720:Strelitziaceae
5716:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5697:Pontederiaceae
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5659:Dasypogonaceae
5655:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5636:Amaryllidaceae
5633:
5628:
5626:Xeronemataceae
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5509:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5429:Petrosaviaceae
5425:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5324:
5322:
5313:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5291:Chloranthaceae
5287:
5285:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5230:Calycanthaceae
5226:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5130:
5121:
5112:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5094:Schisandraceae
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5034:
5032:
5023:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4999:Polypodiophyta
4996:
4991:
4986:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4946:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4917:
4916:External links
4914:
4911:
4910:
4894:
4881:(4): 277–306.
4858:
4819:(12): e50358.
4797:
4770:(1–4): 77–89.
4740:
4713:
4694:(7): 890–903.
4672:
4643:(2): 262–281.
4621:
4614:
4596:
4581:
4533:
4520:(4): 363–391.
4498:
4477:(4): 392–399.
4455:
4396:
4347:
4332:
4306:
4291:
4276:
4263:
4254:
4240:
4233:
4215:
4208:
4190:
4123:
4106:calm.wa.gov.au
4093:
4086:
4065:
4058:
4035:
4002:(4): 797–807.
3974:
3963:on 14 May 2011
3937:
3914:
3901:(3): 201–217.
3881:
3859:
3849:, 18 July 2024
3834:
3814:
3807:
3786:
3761:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3709:Rosa chinensis
3708:
3701:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3667:
3661:Great burnet (
3660:
3653:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3606:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3556:
3552:Prunus spinosa
3549:
3542:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3432:
3430:
3426:Geum triflorum
3423:
3416:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3334:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3252:
3246:Goat's beard (
3245:
3238:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3196:
3185:Rosa damascena
2948:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
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2762:
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2758:
2757:
2750:
2747:
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2724:
2723:
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2715:
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2711:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2620:
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2613:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
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2578:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2561:
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2554:
2553:
2549:
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2544:
2537:
2534:
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2530:
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2500:
2497:
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2396:
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2256:
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2245:
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2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
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2229:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1840:transcriptomes
1832:
1829:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
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1804:
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1800:
1793:
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1608:
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1569:
1568:
1565:
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1540:
1536:
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1532:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1455:
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1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
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1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:Amygdaloideae
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:Amygdaloideae
1138:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:Amygdaloideae
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
951:
924:
911:(strawberry),
868:Main article:
865:
862:
770:
767:
765:
762:
688:
685:
652:
649:
619:
616:
605:
602:
351:
350:
349:
348:
342:
336:
330:
322:
313:
311:J. Agardh 1858
307:
301:
299:J. Agardh 1858
297:Coleogynaceae
295:
286:
285:
279:
278:
274:
273:
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
252:
244:
243:
239:
238:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
200:
199:
194:
187:
186:
181:
174:
173:
168:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
127:
126:
118:
117:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8658:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8609:
8604:
8600:
8596:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8577:
8573:
8568:
8564:
8560:
8554:
8550:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8532:
8528:
8524:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8493:
8489:
8485:
8479:
8475:
8470:
8466:
8462:
8457:
8453:
8449:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8431:
8427:
8423:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8405:
8401:
8397:
8392:
8388:
8384:
8379:
8375:
8371:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8275:
8271:
8267:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8249:
8245:
8240:
8234:
8230:
8225:
8219:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8197:
8185:
8177:
8176:
8173:
8147:
8144:
8143:
8141:
8139:
8135:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8120:Escalloniales
8117:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8102:
8100:
8098:
8094:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8049:Menyanthaceae
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8019:Campanulaceae
8017:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8007:
8003:
7997:
7996:Aquifoliaceae
7994:
7992:
7991:Helwingiaceae
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7976:Stemonuraceae
7974:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7965:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7928:Pennantiaceae
7926:
7925:
7923:
7921:
7917:
7914:
7911:
7906:
7896:
7895:Orobanchaceae
7893:
7891:
7890:Paulowniaceae
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7825:Linderniaceae
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7769:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7735:
7731:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7661:
7657:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7634:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7619:Metteniusales
7616:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7604:Oncothecaceae
7602:
7601:
7599:
7597:
7593:
7590:
7587:
7582:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7551:Actinidiaceae
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7531:Diapensiaceae
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7491:Lecythidaceae
7489:
7487:
7486:Polemoniaceae
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7466:Balsaminaceae
7464:
7463:
7461:
7459:
7455:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7428:Hydrangeaceae
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7401:
7396:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7380:Schoepfiaceae
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7344:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7327:Portulacaceae
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7317:Halophytaceae
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7297:Molluginaceae
7295:
7293:
7292:Nyctaginaceae
7290:
7288:
7287:Sarcobataceae
7285:
7283:
7282:Petiveriaceae
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7237:Amaranthaceae
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7152:Frankeniaceae
7150:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7129:Aextoxicaceae
7127:
7126:
7124:
7122:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7111:Superasterids
7107:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7079:Simaroubaceae
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7064:Anacardiaceae
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7027:
7026:Picramniaceae
7024:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7015:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6930:Thymelaeaceae
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6910:Muntingiaceae
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6826:Stachyuraceae
6824:
6822:
6821:Guamatelaceae
6819:
6817:
6816:Staphyleaceae
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6748:Emblingiaceae
6746:
6744:
6743:Salvadoraceae
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6723:Limnanthaceae
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6708:Tropaeolaceae
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6689:
6686:
6681:
6671:
6670:Brunelliaceae
6668:
6666:
6665:Cephalotaceae
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6629:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:Ixonanthaceae
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6602:Euphorbiaceae
6600:
6598:
6597:Rafflesiaceae
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6547:Euphroniaceae
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:Malpighiaceae
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6502:Caryocaraceae
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6492:Podostemaceae
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6393:Zygophyllales
6390:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6315:Casuarinaceae
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6295:Nothofagaceae
6293:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6234:Tetramelaceae
6232:
6230:
6229:Cucurbitaceae
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6209:Apodanthaceae
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6162:
6159:
6154:
6144:
6143:Cynomoriaceae
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6113:Saxifragaceae
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6073:Peridiscaceae
6071:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6051:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5988:
5982:
5981:Ranunculaceae
5979:
5977:
5976:Berberidaceae
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5923:Nelumbonaceae
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5793:Eriocaulaceae
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5755:Zingiberaceae
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5730:Heliconiaceae
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5702:Haemodoraceae
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5687:Commelinaceae
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5631:Asphodelaceae
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5611:Ixioliriaceae
5609:
5607:
5606:Doryanthaceae
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5523:Melanthiaceae
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:Cyclanthaceae
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5457:Dioscoreaceae
5455:
5453:
5452:Burmanniaceae
5450:
5448:
5447:Nartheciaceae
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5421:Petrosaviales
5418:
5412:
5411:Cymodoceaceae
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5401:Posidoniaceae
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5381:Juncaginaceae
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5351:Tofieldiaceae
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5283:Chloranthales
5280:
5277:
5275:
5274:Chloranthidae
5271:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5250:Hernandiaceae
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5240:Gomortegaceae
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:Eupomatiaceae
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5197:Degeneriaceae
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5187:Myristicaceae
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5105:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5056:Hydatellaceae
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5038:Amborellaceae
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4959:
4954:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4862:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4676:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4636:Mol Biol Evol
4632:
4625:
4617:
4611:
4607:
4600:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4502:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4400:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4359:(Rosaceae)".
4358:
4351:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4302:
4295:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4267:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4211:
4205:
4201:
4194:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4155:(1–2): 5–43.
4154:
4150:
4149:
4141:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4089:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4031:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3994:Spacer DNA".
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3869:
3863:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3810:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3791:
3775:
3774:www.mobot.org
3771:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3645:Salmonberry (
3641:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3536:Prunus dulcis
3530:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:Lyonothamneae
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2594:Amygdaloideae
2591:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:Lyonothamneae
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1873:Amygdaloideae
1870:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:Lyonothamneae
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1304:Amygdaloideae
1301:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
996:
995:
990:
986:
985:
980:
979:
974:
973:
968:
967:
962:
961:
956:
952:
949:
945:
941:
940:
935:
934:
929:
928:Amygdaloideae
925:
922:
921:
916:
915:
910:
909:
904:
903:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:
875:
871:
861:
859:
858:
853:
852:
847:
846:
841:
840:
835:
834:
829:
825:
824:
819:
818:
813:
809:
807:
802:
800:
794:
792:
788:
787:Amygdaloideae
785:(Pomoideae),
784:
780:
776:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
648:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
615:
613:
612:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:
573:
572:
567:
566:
561:
560:
555:
554:
549:
548:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
423:
357:
343:
337:
331:
328:
323:
319:
314:
309:Lindleyaceae
308:
303:Fragariaceae
302:
296:
291:Amygdalaceae
290:
289:
287:
284:
280:
275:
271:
266:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
250:Amygdaloideae
248:
247:
245:
240:
236:
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:Tracheophytes
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
135:
134:
133:Rosa pouzinii
128:
124:
119:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
50:
40:
37:
33:
19:
8208:
8059:Calyceraceae
8054:Goodeniaceae
8039:Phellinaceae
8029:Stylidiaceae
7968:Aquifoliales
7850:Bignoniaceae
7835:Martyniaceae
7805:Gesneriaceae
7762:Hydroleaceae
7752:Montiniaceae
7706:Boraginaceae
7683:Gelsemiaceae
7673:Gentianaceae
7645:Eucommiaceae
7546:Roridulaceae
7526:Symplocaceae
7496:Sladeniaceae
7438:Curtisiaceae
7385:Loranthaceae
7307:Didiereaceae
7262:Barbeuiaceae
7222:Microteaceae
7177:Nepenthaceae
7167:Polygonaceae
7157:Tamaricaceae
7049:Nitrariaceae
7018:Picramniales
6983:Vochysiaceae
6968:Combretaceae
6882:Tapisciaceae
6877:Petenaeaceae
6783:Brassicaceae
6537:Trigoniaceae
6532:Balanopaceae
6497:Hypericaceae
6477:Bonnetiaceae
6452:Irvingiaceae
6439:Malpighiales
6429:Celastraceae
6401:Krameriaceae
6358:Elaeagnaceae
6353:Dirachmaceae
6342:
6310:Juglandaceae
6277:Polygalaceae
6262:Quillajaceae
6224:Coriariaceae
6201:Cucurbitales
6138:Haloragaceae
6133:Penthoraceae
6118:Crassulaceae
6083:Altingiaceae
6065:Saxifragales
6017:Dilleniaceae
5956:Papaveraceae
5951:Eupteleaceae
5943:Ranunculales
5851:
5818:Restionaceae
5778:Bromeliaceae
5712:Zingiberales
5692:Philydraceae
5682:Hanguanaceae
5674:Commelinales
5641:Asparagaceae
5601:Hypoxidaceae
5548:Ripogonaceae
5543:Philesiaceae
5538:Colchicaceae
5480:Velloziaceae
5475:Triuridaceae
5439:Dioscoreales
5356:Alismataceae
5304:
5273:
5235:Siparunaceae
5192:Magnoliaceae
5089:Trimeniaceae
5066:Nymphaeaceae
5030:Amborellales
5009:Angiospermae
4964:Families of
4902:
4897:
4878:
4872:
4861:
4816:
4810:
4800:
4767:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4731:. Retrieved
4726:
4716:
4691:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4640:
4634:
4624:
4605:
4599:
4590:
4584:
4557:
4551:
4517:
4511:
4501:
4474:
4468:
4458:
4415:
4409:
4399:
4366:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4315:
4309:
4300:
4294:
4285:
4279:
4274:. Macmillan.
4271:
4266:
4257:
4249:
4243:
4224:
4218:
4199:
4193:
4152:
4146:
4114:. Retrieved
4110:the original
4105:
4096:
4077:
4074:Stace, C. A.
4068:
4049:
4024:cite journal
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3965:. Retrieved
3961:the original
3956:
3931:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3872:. Retrieved
3862:
3851:, retrieved
3846:
3837:
3826:
3817:
3798:
3777:. Retrieved
3773:
3764:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3694:
3678:
3662:
3646:
3631:Rosa sericea
3630:
3614:
3599:
3598:Nashi pear (
3583:
3567:
3551:
3550:Blackthorn (
3535:
3519:
3503:
3487:
3471:
3456:Malus pumila
3455:
3440:
3425:
3409:
3393:
3377:
3361:
3343:
3327:
3311:
3295:
3279:
3263:
3247:
3231:
3215:
3214:Buzzy burr (
3201:
3191:Rosa gallica
3189:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3013:
2997:blackberries
2993:strawberries
2950:
2941:
2925:
2902:
2869:
2862:
2840:
2807:
2792:
2752:
2737:
2696:
2672:
2657:
2627:
2592:
2563:
2539:
2515:
2482:
2469:Potentilleae
2467:
2445:
2409:
2385:
2357:
2333:
2326:
2295:
2271:
2247:
2223:
2201:Potentilleae
2199:
2184:
2141:
2119:
2095:
2062:
2047:
2007:
1983:
1968:
1929:
1914:
1871:
1834:
1818:
1795:
1762:
1755:
1733:
1709:
1685:
1661:
1637:
1624:Potentilleae
1622:
1579:
1550:
1526:
1493:
1478:
1446:
1422:
1398:
1374:
1359:
1302:
1271:
1232:
1220:Dryadoideae
1219:
1199:
1153:
1140:
1121:Dryadoideae
1120:
1075:Dryadoideae
1074:
1061:
1041:
1005:
992:
989:root nodules
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
944:paraphyletic
937:
931:
918:
912:
906:
900:
873:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
821:
815:
804:
797:
795:
791:monophyletic
779:Spiraeoideae
772:
716:
690:
654:
643:. Glands or
621:
609:
607:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
543:
527:meadowsweets
511:strawberries
503:blackberries
468:
449:
444:
427:
355:
354:
346:Bertuch 1801
344:Spiraeaceae
242:Subfamilies
229:
203:
190:
177:
164:
131:
36:
8404:iNaturalist
8233:Wikispecies
8014:Rousseaceae
7910:Campanulids
7870:Verbenaceae
7845:Acanthaceae
7840:Pedaliaceae
7830:Byblidaceae
7698:Boraginales
7688:Apocynaceae
7678:Loganiaceae
7660:Gentianales
7609:Icacinaceae
7561:Cyrillaceae
7556:Clethraceae
7536:Styracaceae
7516:Primulaceae
7443:Grubbiaceae
7370:Santalaceae
7312:Basellaceae
7267:Gisekiaceae
7207:Physenaceae
7172:Droseraceae
7069:Sapindaceae
7059:Burseraceae
7003:Alzateaceae
6915:Neuradaceae
6854:Francoaceae
6849:Geraniaceae
6801:Aphloiaceae
6773:Capparaceae
6753:Tovariaceae
6713:Moringaceae
6695:Brassicales
6655:Cunoniaceae
6650:Oxalidaceae
6645:Connaraceae
6562:Achariaceae
6557:Humiriaceae
6522:Elatinaceae
6416:Celastrales
6373:Cannabaceae
6348:Barbeyaceae
6272:Surianaceae
6244:Begoniaceae
6239:Datiscaceae
6078:Paeoniaceae
6055:Superrosids
6040:Gunneraceae
6009:Dilleniales
5928:Platanaceae
5803:Thurniaceae
5783:Rapateaceae
5745:Marantaceae
5596:Lanariaceae
5591:Asteliaceae
5576:Orchidaceae
5568:Asparagales
5553:Smilacaceae
5495:Pandanaceae
5485:Stemonaceae
5391:Zosteraceae
5386:Maundiaceae
5338:Alismatales
5255:Monimiaceae
5179:Magnoliales
5164:Saururaceae
5141:Winteraceae
5136:Canellaceae
5119:Magnoliidae
5061:Cabombaceae
5048:Nymphaeales
4981:Supergroup
3874:20 November
3376:Pearlbush (
3169:Cotoneaster
3131:Sanguisorba
3113:Filipendula
3059:Physocarpus
3023:Chaenomeles
3017:Cotoneaster
3001:raspberries
2864:Dryadoideae
2754:Exochordeae
2447:Agrimonieae
2328:Dryadoideae
2186:Agrimonieae
1985:Exochordeae
1757:Dryadoideae
1663:Agrimonieae
1495:Exochordeae
972:Chamaebatia
966:Cercocarpus
955:Dryadoideae
933:Cotoneaster
817:Cotoneaster
748:fruit of a
725:, like the
665:five petals
604:Description
574:(250), and
565:Cotoneaster
499:raspberries
428:rose family
293:D. Don 1825
255:Dryadoideae
184:Angiosperms
18:Rose family
8625:Categories
8422:30000200-2
8097:Dipsacales
8087:Bruniaceae
8064:Asteraceae
7948:Araliaceae
7885:Phrymaceae
7820:Stilbaceae
7747:Solanaceae
7724:Vahliaceae
7650:Garryaceae
7596:Icacinales
7506:Sapotaceae
7360:Opiliaceae
7347:Santalales
7322:Talinaceae
7302:Montiaceae
7054:Kirkiaceae
7036:Sapindales
7008:Penaeaceae
6978:Onagraceae
6973:Lythraceae
6905:Cytinaceae
6864:Huerteales
6841:Geraniales
6778:Cleomaceae
6768:Resedaceae
6718:Caricaceae
6703:Akaniaceae
6632:Oxalidales
6587:Salicaceae
6572:Goupiaceae
6482:Clusiaceae
6383:Urticaceae
6363:Rhamnaceae
6325:Betulaceae
6305:Myricaceae
6027:Gunnerales
5933:Proteaceae
5813:Cyperaceae
5798:Mayacaceae
5788:Xyridaceae
5518:Corsiaceae
5467:Pandanales
5406:Ruppiaceae
5361:Butomaceae
5212:Annonaceae
5169:Piperaceae
5128:Canellales
4553:New Phytol
3823:"Rosaceae"
3734:New Phytol
3715:References
3392:Dropwort (
3177:Pyracantha
3146:Potentilla
3125:Potentilla
3101:Alchemilla
3077:Rhodotypos
3071:Pyracantha
2794:Amygdaleae
2727:Kerriodae
2674:Gillenieae
2629:Sorbarieae
2049:Amygdaleae
2009:Sorbarieae
1958:Kerriodae
1931:Gillenieae
1821:hypanthium
1468:Kerriodae
1448:Amygdaleae
1424:Sorbarieae
1376:Gillenieae
1200:Rosoideae
1154:Rosoideae
1062:Rosoideae
953:Subfamily
926:Subfamily
914:Potentilla
896:receptacle
892:strawberry
878:Subfamily
851:Potentilla
845:Alchemilla
799:Potentilla
750:strawberry
739:receptacle
673:hypanthium
547:Alchemilla
535:firethorns
447:type genus
338:Prunaceae
130:Flower of
8326:FloraBase
8105:Adoxaceae
8074:Bruniales
8006:Asterales
7875:Lamiaceae
7734:Solanales
7716:Vahliales
7668:Rubiaceae
7637:Garryales
7566:Ericaceae
7511:Ebenaceae
7448:Cornaceae
7433:Loasaceae
7418:Nyssaceae
7355:Olacaceae
7337:Cactaceae
7272:Aizoaceae
7247:Limeaceae
7084:Meliaceae
6988:Myrtaceae
6940:Cistaceae
6920:Malvaceae
6567:Violaceae
6472:Ochnaceae
6447:Pandaceae
5918:Sabiaceae
5910:Proteales
5808:Juncaceae
5773:Typhaceae
5750:Costaceae
5740:Cannaceae
5725:Lowiaceae
5664:Arecaceae
5621:Iridaceae
5581:Boryaceae
5558:Liliaceae
5328:Acoraceae
5260:Lauraceae
5151:Piperales
4989:Bryophyta
4591:Abstracts
4418:: 14023.
4369:: 34–48.
3932:mobot.org
3895:Phytotaxa
3770:"Rosales"
3173:Crataegus
3041:Exochorda
3035:Dasiphora
3029:Crataegus
2809:Neillieae
2698:Spiraeeae
2565:Ulmarieae
2517:Colurieae
2411:Rosoideae
2401:Rosaceae
2297:Ulmarieae
2249:Colurieae
2143:Rosoideae
2121:Neillieae
2097:Spiraeeae
1856:Rosaceae
1823:from the
1735:Ulmarieae
1711:Colurieae
1581:Rosoideae
1528:Neillieae
1400:Spiraeeae
1294:Rosaceae
1280:genomes:
1002:Phylogeny
939:Crataegus
894:) is the
888:drupelets
880:Rosoideae
839:Crataegus
828:dog roses
783:Maloideae
775:Rosoideae
754:amygdalin
746:accessory
743:aggregate
741:-derived
737:, or the
697:follicles
632:pinnately
559:Crataegus
539:photinias
519:hawthorns
515:rose hips
460:evergreen
456:deciduous
324:Pomaceae
315:Malaceae
260:Rosoideae
154:Kingdom:
51:- present
8631:Rosaceae
8582:rosaceae
8567:VicFlora
8556:VASCAN:
8549:42000176
8544:Tropicos
8357:Rosaceae
8266:Rosaceae
8239:Rosaceae
8218:Wikidata
8209:Rosaceae
8184:Category
7958:Apiaceae
7880:Mazaceae
7790:Oleaceae
7772:Lamiales
7521:Theaceae
7458:Ericales
7410:Cornales
7400:Asterids
7257:Kewaceae
7074:Rutaceae
6960:Myrtales
6935:Bixaceae
6897:Malvales
6738:Bataceae
6607:Linaceae
6592:Peraceae
6378:Moraceae
6368:Ulmaceae
6343:Rosaceae
6300:Fagaceae
6267:Fabaceae
6176:Vitaceae
6103:Iteaceae
5900:Buxaceae
5883:Eudicots
5735:Musaceae
5651:Arecales
5505:Liliales
5320:Acorales
5310:Monocots
5222:Laurales
4925:Archived
4853:23236369
4812:PLOS One
4792:35829880
4687:Am J Bot
4667:27856652
4576:28186635
4493:88546939
4450:26354898
4391:24631854
4342:12809916
4247:TOXNET:
4185:16578516
4177:23655774
4116:21 April
4076:(2019).
3967:21 April
3843:"-aceae"
3756:28186635
3360:Loquat (
3053:Photinia
2989:cherries
2981:apricots
2932:sorbitol
2904:outgroup
2871:Dryadeae
2739:Kerrieae
2647:Malodae
2421:Rosodae
2359:outgroup
2335:Dryadeae
2153:Rosodae
1970:Kerrieae
1904:Malodae
1797:outgroup
1764:Dryadeae
1591:Rosodae
1480:Kerrieae
1349:Malodae
908:Fragaria
812:apomixis
764:Taxonomy
701:capsules
636:stipules
628:spirally
594:apricots
586:cherries
491:cherries
483:apricots
356:Rosaceae
340:Martinov
283:Synonyms
230:Rosaceae
226:Family:
197:Eudicots
49:Turonian
42:Rosaceae
8636:Rosales
7920:Apiales
7586:Lamiids
6685:Malvids
6640:Huaceae
6335:Rosales
6287:Fagales
6254:Fabales
6168:Vitales
5892:Buxales
5838:Poaceae
5346:Araceae
5305:Lilidae
4844:3517582
4821:Bibcode
4772:Bibcode
4708:2445770
4658:5400374
4441:4650596
4420:Bibcode
4411:Sci Rep
4371:Bibcode
4157:Bibcode
4016:3093861
3853:22 July
3779:16 June
3198:Gallery
3107:Aruncus
3095:Spiraea
2977:peaches
2973:almonds
2969:loquats
2965:medlars
2961:quinces
1837:nuclear
1278:plastid
994:Frankia
984:Purshia
978:Cowania
758:cyanide
721:), and
709:achenes
669:stamens
651:Flowers
641:petiole
598:almonds
590:peaches
568:(260),
562:(260),
556:(260),
550:(270),
507:loquats
495:peaches
479:quinces
426:), the
220:Rosales
216:Order:
158:Plantae
32:Rosacea
8608:414881
8497:208036
8481:NZOR:
8435:114625
8279:100946
8224:Q46299
6191:Fabids
6158:Rosids
5765:Poales
4970:APG IV
4851:
4841:
4790:
4733:7 July
4706:
4665:
4655:
4612:
4574:
4491:
4448:
4438:
4389:
4357:Prunus
4340:
4330:
4231:
4206:
4183:
4175:
4084:
4056:
4014:
3984:Prunus
3805:
3754:
3175:, and
3164:Acaena
3089:Sorbus
3065:Prunus
3047:Kerria
3007:, and
2953:apples
2659:Maleae
2541:Rubeae
2484:Roseae
2273:Rubeae
2225:Roseae
1916:Maleae
1687:Rubeae
1639:Roseae
1361:Maleae
981:, and
936:, and
917:, and
864:Genera
833:Sorbus
806:Sorbus
718:Prunus
713:drupes
693:fruits
677:spikes
661:sepals
624:leaves
618:Leaves
596:, and
577:Prunus
553:Sorbus
537:, and
531:rowans
471:apples
440:genera
432:family
327:Lindl.
210:Rosids
8603:WoRMS
8518:Plazi
8510:54647
8448:24538
8430:IRMNG
8409:47148
8370:10776
8352:FoAO2
8344:10776
8331:22834
8318:1ROSF
8253:54711
4983:Plant
4788:S2CID
4704:JSTOR
4489:S2CID
4338:S2CID
4181:S2CID
4173:JSTOR
4143:(PDF)
4012:JSTOR
3137:Dryas
3009:roses
3005:sloes
2985:plums
2957:pears
1825:ovary
960:Dryas
902:Rubus
857:Rubus
733:of a
681:heads
679:, or
582:plums
571:Rubus
523:roses
487:plums
475:pears
318:Small
235:Juss.
204:Clade
191:Clade
178:Clade
165:Clade
8531:POWO
8474:3745
8469:NCBI
8443:ITIS
8417:IPNI
8391:GRIN
8383:5015
8378:GBIF
8313:EPPO
8305:8097
8274:BOLD
8261:ATRF
8248:APNI
4849:PMID
4758:trnF
4754:trnL
4752:and
4750:matK
4735:2017
4682:rbcL
4663:PMID
4610:ISBN
4572:PMID
4446:PMID
4387:PMID
4328:ISBN
4229:ISBN
4204:ISBN
4118:2010
4082:ISBN
4054:ISBN
4030:link
3992:trnF
3988:trnL
3969:2010
3876:2016
3855:2024
3803:ISBN
3781:2023
3752:PMID
3151:Rosa
3142:Geum
3119:Geum
3083:Rosa
2947:Uses
1006:The
920:Geum
823:Rosa
808:s.l.
803:and
801:s.l.
735:rose
727:pome
705:nuts
691:The
622:The
451:Rosa
56:PreꞒ
8590:WFO
8559:207
8456:NBN
8396:972
8365:FoC
8339:FNA
8300:EoL
8292:FTK
8287:CoL
4883:doi
4839:PMC
4829:doi
4780:doi
4768:231
4696:doi
4653:PMC
4645:doi
4562:doi
4558:214
4522:doi
4479:doi
4436:PMC
4428:doi
4379:doi
4320:doi
4165:doi
4153:266
4004:doi
3903:doi
3899:261
3742:doi
3738:214
3154:).
830:),
731:hip
434:of
8627::
8605::
8592::
8569::
8546::
8533::
8520::
8507::
8494::
8471::
8458::
8445::
8432::
8419::
8406::
8393::
8380::
8367::
8354::
8341::
8328::
8315::
8302::
8289::
8276::
8263::
8250::
8235::
8220::
4905:.
4879:54
4877:.
4871:.
4847:.
4837:.
4827:.
4815:.
4809:.
4786:.
4778:.
4766:.
4725:.
4702:.
4692:81
4690:.
4661:.
4651:.
4641:34
4639:.
4633:.
4570:.
4556:.
4550:.
4536:^
4518:54
4516:.
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