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is a round in which a phrase that is not apparent in a single line of lyrics emerges when the lyrics are split between the different voices. Rounds that fall into the category of "perpetual canon" feature a melody whose end leads back to the beginning, allowing easy and immediate repetition. Often,
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clubs, which combined amateur singing with regular drinking. The earliest known rounds date from 12th-century Europe. One characteristic of rounds is that, "there is no fixed ending", in the sense that they may be repeated as many times as possible, although many do have "fixed" endings, often
479:
195:, Aberdeen, 1612). Special types of rounds are the "catch" (a comic English form found from about 1580 to 1800), and a specialized use of the word "canon", in 17th- and 18th-century England designating rounds with religious texts. The oldest surviving round in English is "
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561:'s thirty-plus canons, which "within their natural limitations ... are brilliant pieces, containing too much of the composer's characteristically unexpected blend of seriousness, humour, vigour and tenderness to remain unperformed".
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The texture is simpler, but it uses a few more notes; this can perhaps be more easily seen if all four parts are run together into the same two measures:
215:(that is, a never-changing repeating part), also in canon. However, the earliest known rounds are two works with Latin texts found in the eleventh
177:
The term "round" first appears in
English in the early 16th century, though the form was found much earlier. In medieval England, they were called
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A new part can join the singing by starting at the beginning whenever another part reaches any asterisk in the above music. If one ignores the
239:" (a four-voice round). The former dates from before 1180 and may be of German origin. The first published rounds in English were printed by
95:, as only one line of melody need be learned by all singers, and is part of a popular musical tradition. They were particularly favoured in
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The canon, or rule, of a simple round is that each voice enters after a set interval of time, at the same pitch, using the same notes.
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in 1609... "Three Blind Mice" appears in this collection, although in a somewhat different form from today's children's round:
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1102:
722:, Introductory essay, 8–22, especially at p. 21: "Catch-singing is unthinkable without a supply of liquor to hand...".
531:(for example, "Old Joe Has Gone Fishing", sung by the villagers in the pub to keep the peace, at the end of act 1 of
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each, corresponding notes in each block either are the same, or are different notes in the same
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so that different parts of the melody coincide in the different voices, but nevertheless fit
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111:" is a well-known children's round for four voices. Other well-known examples are "
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Rounds work because after the melody is divided into equal-sized blocks of a few
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Falck, Robert (1972). "Rondellus, Canon, and
Related Types before 1300".
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Song where multiple voices enter with the same melody at different times
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Classical composers who turned their hand to the round format include
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The NPR Classical Music
Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z
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of each measure does not sketch out a tonic triad, it outlines a
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Many rounds involve more than one chord, as in "Frère
Jacques"
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211:, which is for four voices, plus two bass voices singing a
36:"Up and Down This World Goes Round", three voice round by
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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569:, have also explored round-writing in the 21st century.
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728:
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include the regular canons, variations 3 and 24 of the
1051:
Neighbour, Oliver W. (1964). "Schoenberg's Canon's".
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between the main chords, every single note is in the
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1032:(2nd ed.). Bloomington: Early Music Institute
1005:MacDonald, Margaret Read; Jaeger, Winifred (2006).
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967:. New York and Washington: Frederick A. Praeger.
1004:
965:The Operas of Benjamin Britten; An Introduction
826:
772:Leto Leta Concio: Canon – Manuscrit de Florence
692:
1185:
407:"Frère Jacques", traditional four voice round
1171:
1109:. Northern Arizona University. Archived from
1024:Mead, Sarah (2007). "Renaissance Theory". In
916:Journal of the American Musicological Society
905:(1989). Robinson, B. W.; Hall, R. F. (eds.).
471:"Viva, Viva la Musica", three voice round by
273:shee scrapte her tripe licke thou the knife.
91:together. It is one of the easiest forms of
557:1075). Several rounds are included amongst
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184:
178:
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1164:
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1030:A Performer's Guide to Renaissance Music
1007:The Round Book: Rounds Kids Love to Sing
876:"Abbie Betinis, Choral Works (selected)"
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159:"Tod und Schlaf", a four-voice round by
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988:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23960
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1107:The Canons and Fugues of J. S. Bach
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271:The Miller and his merry olde Wife,
147:is the same as the first measure".
24:
366:triad—in this case, a C, E, or G.
25:
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972:Johnson, David (2001). "Round".
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1122:. New York: Alfred Publishing.
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464:seventh chord (or "V7 chord").
793:
764:
13:
1:
1009:. Little Rock: August House.
677:
447:All four parts simultaneous:
1061:(1459 (September)): 680–81.
947:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
611:Froh zu sein bedarf es wenig
584:, traditional German round.
582:Froh zu sein bedarf es wenig
490:
433:
303:
85:beginning at different times
7:
1118:Walton, Charles W. (1974).
907:The Aldrich Book of Catches
827:MacDonald & Jaeger 2006
693:MacDonald & Jaeger 2006
621:
553:and "Canon a 2 Perpetuus" (
284:"Three Blinde Mice" (1609)
233:" (a two-voice round) and "
123:", and, more recently, the
10:
1313:
1101:Smith, Timothy A. (1996).
895:
150:
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963:Howard, Patricia (1969).
616:Viel Glück und viel Segen
317:"Row, Row, Row Your Boat"
235:
229:
1034:Indiana University Press
601:Danket, danket dem Herrn
980:Oxford University Press
943:Hoffman, Miles (1997).
521:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
438:download the audio file
109:Row, Row, Row Your Boat
1084:The Technique of Canon
652:Classical music portal
596:
563:Contemporary classical
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193:Ane Buik off Roundells
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83:, but with each voice
79:sing exactly the same
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1082:Norden, Hugo (1970).
922:(1 (Spring)): 38–57.
790:, pp. 43–45, 57.
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1152:at Wikimedia Commons
1120:Basic Forms in Music
1103:"Anatomy of a Canon"
1036:. pp. 343–373.
1026:Kite-Powell, Jeffery
804:Ravenscroft Songbook
550:The Musical Offering
525:Ludwig van Beethoven
75:, in which multiple
71:, a limited type of
1282:Musical terminology
662:Pervading imitation
606:Es tönen die Lieder
565:composers, such as
544:Goldberg Variations
69:musical composition
975:Grove Music Online
909:. London: Novello.
800:"Three Blind Mice"
597:
488:
473:Michael Praetorius
330:
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265:three Blinde Mice,
263:Three Blinde Mice,
241:Thomas Ravenscroft
197:Sumer is icumen in
175:
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1268:
1148:Media related to
1129:978-0-88-284010-9
1093:978-0-82-831839-6
1086:. Branden Books.
1054:The Musical Times
1043:978-0-253-34866-1
1016:978-0-87-483786-5
997:978-1-56159-263-0
954:978-0-61-861945-0
759:& Norden 1970
559:Arnold Schoenberg
449:authentic cadence
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236:O quanto consilio
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59:(also called a
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863:Neighbour 1964
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883:. Retrieved
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742:
735:Hoffman 1997
720:Aldrich 1989
715:
708:Johnson 2001
638:Music portal
548:
542:
534:Peter Grimes
532:
517:Joseph Haydn
505:William Byrd
494:
475:(1571–1621)
455:
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368:
356:eighth notes
353:
331:
308:
269:Dame Iulian,
267:Dame Iulian,
262:
227:. They are "
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161:Joseph Haydn
137:
106:
93:part singing
89:harmoniously
64:
60:
56:
54:
29:
18:Rota (music)
839:Howard 1969
747:Walton 1974
497:Thomas Arne
456:The second
375:Play melody
346:Play melody
225:Pluteo 29.1
223:manuscript
143:"the final
1287:Song forms
1276:Categories
885:2024-03-23
851:Smith 1996
788:Falck 1972
678:References
539:J. S. Bach
413:Play round
323:Play round
221:Notre Dame
121:Kookaburra
1227:Imitation
1191:polyphony
815:Mead 2007
501:John Blow
491:Classical
304:Mechanics
187:rondellus
1232:Ricercar
622:See also
462:dominant
334:measures
217:fascicle
1242:Subject
1028:(ed.).
896:Sources
777:YouTube
513:Moondog
219:of the
151:History
145:cadence
102:fermata
67:) is a
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1075:950274
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936:830299
934:
527:, and
213:ground
81:melody
77:voices
1247:Voice
1237:Round
1222:Fugue
1207:Catch
1202:Canon
1071:JSTOR
932:JSTOR
364:tonic
358:that
338:chord
140:catch
131:" by
125:outro
73:canon
57:round
1189:and
1124:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1038:ISBN
1011:ISBN
992:ISBN
949:ISBN
590:Play
481:Play
458:beat
360:pass
290:Play
249:Play
205:Play
180:rota
168:Play
127:of "
119:", "
115:", "
97:glee
46:Play
1063:doi
1059:105
984:doi
924:doi
775:on
555:BWV
183:or
63:or
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