301:
44:
38:
1515:
626:. Francesca Draughon and Raymond Knapp argue that Mahler had changed the key to make "Frère Jacques" sound more "Jewish" (Mahler converted to Catholicism from Judaism). Draughon and Knapp claim that the tune was originally sung to mock non-Catholics, such as Protestants or Jews. Mahler himself called the tune by its German name, "Bruder Martin", and made some allusions to the piece being related to a parody in the programs he wrote for the performances. Interpretations similar to this are quite prevalent in academia and in musical circles.
259:
1867:
239:
223:
474:
Sheet music collector James Fuld (1916–2008) states that the tune was first published in 1811, and that the words and music were published together in Paris in 1869. An earlier publication in 1825 included the words together with a description of the melody in
331:). Frère Jacques has apparently overslept; it is time to ring the morning bells, and someone wakes him up with this song. The traditional English translation preserves the scansion, but alters the meaning such that Brother John is being awakened by the bells.
247:
470:
in Paris). The manuscript is titled "Recueil de
Timbres de Vaudevilles", and the Bibliothèque Nationale estimates that it was written between 1775 and 1785. The "Frère Jacques" melody is labelled "Frère Blaise" in this manuscript.
277:
723:, even though none of them were named "Jacques". The group name was a bit of a play on words since a common French expression, "faire le jacques", means to act like a clown. They had successful careers over the next few decades.
248:
736:
Frère
Jacques is the name of a chain of franchised French restaurants in the UK and the name of a French restaurant in the Murray Hill section of New York City. Les Frères Jacques is the name of a French restaurant in
758:"Dadao lie qiang" ("Cut down the great powers", or rather: "Let's beat together the great powers", also known as 'The "Revolution of the Citizens" Song') celebrates the cooperation in China in the 1920s of
542:". It is also simple enough to have spread easily from place to place. For example, Barbara Mittler in a conference abstract points out that the melody of "Frère Jacques" is so thoroughly assimilated into
278:
230:
245:
622:; however, the mode change to minor might not have been an invention by Mahler, as is often believed, but rather the way this round was sung in the 19th century and early 20th century in
275:
228:
1449:
733:
There is a strong oral tradition among children in China, Vietnam and other places in Asia of passing on songs with their own lyrics, sung to the tune of "Frère
Jacques".
229:
481:
Recreations de l'enfance: Recueil de Rondes avec Jeux et de
Petites Chansons pour Faire Jouer, Danser et Chanter les Enfants avec un Accompagnement de Piano Très-Facile
487:, which was first published in 1860 by Rouart, Lerolle & Cie. in Paris. This book was very popular and was republished several times, so many editions exist.
531:
pointed out that "Fra
Jacopino" shares the same "Frère Jacques"-like melody as "Chanson de Lambert", a French song dating from 1650, and a Hungarian folk tune.
1736:
1425:
246:
450:, notes that the satirical collective pseudonym Prutkov claimed "Frère Jacques" was derived from a Russian seminary song about a "Father Theofil".
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1942:
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1635:
974:
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Four French singers, brothers André and
Georges Bellec, François Soubeyran and Paul Tourenne formed a comedic singing group in 1944 known as
1311:
794:" references the English version of "Frère Jacques', both lyrically and melodically, in the song's line, "Are you sleeping, brother John?"
466:
states that the earliest version of the melody is on a French manuscript circa 1780 (manuscript 300 in the manuscript collection of the
1144:
Frescobaldi: Harpsichord Works, composer: Jacques
Arcadelt, Girolamo Frescobaldi; Performer: Louis Bagger. Audio CD (August 28, 2001)
1114:
379:
would not ordinarily be translated to "John", which is "Jean" in French. The name
Jacques, instead, corresponds to the English names
1897:
1446:
1101:
Expositions et pratique des procédés de la mnemotechniques, à l'usage des personnes qui veulent étudier la mnémotechnie en général
20:
1792:
1338:
Frèrejacque, Marcel (1939). "No. 108 – Condensation d'une molecule organique" [Condenstation of an organic molecule].
1175:
1902:
304:
467:
938:
Ganem, J. P.; Carson, C. C. (April 1999). "Frère
Jacques Beaulieu: from rogue lithotomist to nursery rhyme character".
410:
1767:
1608:
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1391:
1082:
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entertained live audiences in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with his own unique rendition, according to the
356:; "brother" in English), as French was still widely used in official circles in England during the 13th century when
1733:
822:
810:
1871:
527:, which was first published around 1615—"Fra Jacopino" is one potential Italian translation for "Frère Jacques".
1922:
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and many others, was explored by J. P. Ganem and C. C. Carson without finding any evidence for a connection.
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Martine David and A. Marie
Delrieu suggest that "Frère Jacques" might have been created to mock the
425:
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1937:
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747:, has produced an interactive multimedia piece featuring "Frère Jacques" in collaboration with
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1819:
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1456:, Composer: Gustav Mahler, Program note originally written for the following performance:
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friars, known in France as the Jacobin order, for their sloth and comfortable lifestyles.
167:, the midnight or very early morning prayers for which a monk would be expected to awake.
8:
791:
781:
1839:
1781:, Pom pom pom pom: Musiques et caetera Neuchatel: Musee d'Ethnographie 1997 pp. 227–241.
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1591:, edited by Jean-Albert Bédé, William Benbow Edgerton, Columbia University Press, 1980.
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1670:"Eating the mosquito: Transmission of a Chinese children's folksong", David Seubert,
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1702:, Frères Jacques Restaurant-Bar-Cafe, a UK franchised restaurant chain (depuis 1994)
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against warlords and imperialist powers, and is sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques".
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In 1926, the tune was used in a patriotic anthem written by officers of the Chinese
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1217:
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Frère Jacques (Are You Sleeping), traditional children's song (a.k.a. Bruder Jakob)
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Un célèbre lithotomiste franc-comtois: Jacques Baulot dit Frère Jacques (1651–1720)
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Toccate d'intavolatura, No. 14, Capriccio Fra Jacopino sopra L'Aria Di Ruggiero
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1464:, conductor; Dotian Levalier, harp; Mahler's First Symphony June 7–9, 2007,
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Downs, G.M.; Gillet, V.J.; Holliday, J.D.; Lynch, M.F. (1989). "A review of
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650:, combining music and lectures that were televised between 1959 and 1972).
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French musicologist Sylvie Bouissou has found some evidence that composer
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La Cle du Caveau a l'usage de tous les Chansonniers francais, Paris, 1811
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1374:: "Die wahren Bilder und Chiffren 'tragischer Ironie' in Mahlers 'Erster
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that it might be widely regarded as a Chinese folksong in China called "
498:
contains "Frère Jacques" among 86 canons, with Rameau listed as author.
1759:
1753:
Frère Jacques et autres pièces à Francis: Expositions. 1997. Saint-Fons
1196:
to have first appeared in Frescobaldi's publication of "Fra Jacopino".
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479:, but not in musical notation. The words and music appear together in
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who has overslept and is urged to wake up and sound the bell for the
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A possible connection between "Frère Jacques" and the 17th century
357:
1793:"NMIXX share joyful music video for new song 'Young, Dumb, Stupid'"
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744:
463:
1840:
A "Frère Jacques" interactive and multilingual collection on video
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1692:
1206:
Kilenyi, Edward (January 1919). "The Theory of Hungarian Music".
623:
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instead of a major key, thus giving the piece the character of a
1234:"From Mozart to Mao to Mozart – Western Music in Modern China",
1416:(2). Department of Musicology at the University of California.
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1254:"Efficient ring perception for the Chemistry Development Kit"
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1554:
Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties
743:, a British artist living in the French town of Brizard, in
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Sheet music as a round, without repetition of each half line
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The Book of World Famous Music Classical, Popular, and Folk
325:
The song concerns a monk's duty to ring the morning bells (
127:
110:
1797:
1480:
1165:"Fra Jacopino" has additional historical importance. The
730:
chanted political slogans to the tune of "Frère Jacques".
676:
306:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
1304:
152:
of French origin. The rhyme is traditionally sung in a
1489:, July 31, 1998, discusses jazz musician and composer
1115:"Frère Jacques" a été composé par Jean Philippe Rameau
976:
Refrains d'enfants, histoire de 60 chansons populaires
1855:
685:, a French playwright, wrote a comedic play entitled
588:) is sometimes referred to as the Frèrejacque number.
216:
Morning bells are ringing! Morning bells are ringing!
124:
101:
98:
1556:(2nd, rev. ed.). London: Pimlico. p. 196.
428:(also known as Frère Jacques Baulot), as claimed by
104:
1721:, Frère Jacques Restaurant, Murray Hill section of
1362:. Vienna, n.d. (Philharmonia pocket scores No. 86)
115:
1655:does indeed seem a proper choice", Jasper Becker,
1070:
978:, Martine David, A. Marie Delrieu, Herscher, 1988.
836:
534:The "Frère Jacques" tune is one of the most basic
1779:Une utilisation insolite de la musique de l'Autre
1589:Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature
1406:"Gustav Mahler and the Crisis of Jewish Identity"
1879:
700:Frère Jacques is a type of semi-soft cow's milk
1404:Francesca Draughon; Raymond Knapp (Fall 2001).
1154:Frescobaldi: Toccate & Partite, Libro Primo
519:"Frère Jacques" bears resemblance to the piece
514:
1845:Multiple versions of the song with sheet music
1712:Hello and Welcome to the Frère Jacques Website
1307:Ring Perception Algorithms for Chemical Graphs
1135:, qingdaonews.com, 31 March 2014 (in Chinese)
780:interpolates the rhyme into their 2023 song "
660:" features the title "Frère Jacques" sung by
506:
1603:, Merriam-Webster, Encyclopædia Britannica,
1601:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature
1312:Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling
1251:
1242:, (workshop) Heidelberg, 22–24 February 2001
708:monks from the Saint-Benoit-du-lac Abbey in
351:
326:
1621:Saint Benedict-du-Lac Abbey, Quebec, Canada
1337:
1252:May, John W.; Steinbeck, Christoph (2014).
937:
598:A version of the tune appears in the third
494:had written the music. A manuscript at the
365:
1790:
1513:
42:
19:For the Eurovision Song Contest song, see
1548:
1341:Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France
1281:
1271:
1012:
446:, Richard Gregg, professor of Russian at
1579:, Joker – Trivia, Follow your Dream, BBC
1577:"You don’t see many of those these days"
704:with a mild hazelnut taste, produced by
668:under the main melody of the last verse.
237:
221:
1205:
989:Gregg, Richard (June 1974). "Review of
897:
182:Sonnez les matines! Sonnez les matines!
1880:
1240:Rethinking Cultural Revolution Culture
912:
834:
411:the apostles known in English as James
1943:Songs about fictional male characters
1380:Neue Mahleriana: essays in honour of
1097:
988:
640:(one of a series of 53 programs, the
416:
139:
21:Frère Jacques (Anne-Marie Besse song)
1642:, Biography, RFI Musique, March 2004
1068:
458:
218:Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.
203:Ding, ding, dong. Ding, ding, dong.
1734:Les Frères Jacques, Dublin, Ireland
632:made use of the song to illustrate
453:
212:Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping?
195:Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping?
13:
1762:, Centre d'Arts Plastiques, 1997,
1428:from the original on 14 March 2002
843:. New York: W. W. Norton. p.
610:. Mahler presents the melody in a
592:
364:in turn comes from the Latin word
257:
14:
1954:
1833:
991:Koz'ma Prutkov: The Art of Parody
839:The Wealth and Poverty of Nations
193:Brother Jacques, Brother Jacques,
1865:
888:, beaufort39.free.fr (in French)
505:, "Revolution of the Citizens" (
289:Problems playing this file? See
273:
269:"Frère Jacques" as a round, in C
243:
226:
94:
36:
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1493:'s reinterpretations of Mahler.
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402:Greek Ἰακώβ), referring to the
358:the four great orders of Friars
1850:Text in many languages, melody
968:
931:
906:
891:
879:
861:
828:
825:, partitions-domaine-public.fr
816:
813:, partitions-domaine-public.fr
804:
671:The French performer known as
586:smallest set of smallest rings
370:(which also means "brother").
184:Din, din, don. Din, din, don.
1:
1676:, vol. 16 1992. pp. 133–143.
1661:, Vol. 23 No. 10, 24 May 2001
954:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)61591-x
798:
317:All four parts simultaneous:
178:Frère Jacques, Frère Jacques,
144:), also known in English as "
1898:Traditional children's songs
1791:Gladys Yeo (13 March 2023).
553:
515:Comparison with Fra Jacopino
442:In a review of a book about
303:
7:
1820:"The Beach Boys: Surf's Up"
1504:What Makes Music Symphonic?
1458:National Symphony Orchestra
917:. Oxford University Press.
873:Online Etymology Dictionary
638:What Makes Music Symphonic?
214:Brother John, Brother John,
10:
1959:
1384:on his seventieth birthday
1378:" In: Günther Weiß (ed.):
1259:Journal of Cheminformatics
1104:. Paris. pp. 502–505.
636:in his television program
558:
538:along with the melody of "
209:Traditional English lyrics
18:
1447:Symphony No. 1 in D major
1386:. Lang, Berne etc. 1997,
835:Landes, David S. (1998).
507:
360:started. The French word
180:Dormez-vous? Dormez-vous?
170:
74:
66:
58:
51:
35:
30:
1394:. pp. 101–152
1382:Henry-Louis de La Grange
503:Whampoa Military Academy
387:, which derive from the
174:
1903:French children's songs
1532:Young People's Concerts
1069:Fuld, James J. (1995).
913:Loudon, Irvine (2001).
764:Chinese Communist Party
643:Young People's Concerts
496:French National Library
346:
308:download the audio file
1693:"About Frères Jacques"
1658:London Review of Books
1077:. Dover Publications.
941:The Journal of Urology
468:Bibliothèque Nationale
426:Frère Jacques Beaulieu
366:
352:
327:
262:
252:
235:
16:French children's song
1923:French nursery rhymes
1872:Children's literature
1273:10.1186/1758-2946-6-3
1209:The Musical Quarterly
1043:Robert Cummings.
726:The demonstrators in
647:New York Philharmonic
334:In English, the word
261:
241:
225:
1928:Year of song unknown
1186:on 16 September 2006
1098:Paris, Aimé (1825).
995:Barbara Heldt Monter
898:Bourdin, E. (1917).
525:Girolamo Frescobaldi
492:Jean-Philippe Rameau
340:is derived from the
159:The song is about a
141:[fʁɛʁ(ə)ʒak]
1325:10.1021/ci00063a007
782:Young, Dumb, Stupid
190:English translation
1918:Songwriter unknown
1888:19th-century songs
1739:2005-05-16 at the
1717:2008-02-17 at the
1698:2007-10-07 at the
1638:2007-09-30 at the
1633:Les Frères Jacques
1479:, Dean Olsher, of
1452:2007-09-30 at the
1131:2016-03-03 at the
721:Les Frères Jacques
417:Theories of origin
404:Biblical Patriarch
263:
253:
236:
1933:Songs about sleep
1893:French folk songs
1824:www.songfacts.com
1743:restaurant review
1537:Leonard Bernstein
1520:Leonard Bernstein
1358:Reinhold Schmid:
1222:10.1093/mq/v.1.20
630:Leonard Bernstein
564:In the fields of
459:First publication
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540:Three Blind Mice
536:repeating canons
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454:Published record
373:The French name
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811:"Frère Jacques"
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691:Brother Jacques
689:(translated as
683:Henri Bernstein
666:George Harrison
595:
593:Popular culture
580:(the number of
578:molecular graph
570:cheminformatics
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544:Chinese culture
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31:"Frère Jacques"
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