Rubik's Cube - Knowledge

2492:" or "Space Invader" started exhibiting pointillist pieces, including one of a man behind a desk and Mario Bros, using Rubik's Cube in June 2005 in an exhibition named 'Rubik Cubism' at Sixspace in Los Angeles. Prior to this exhibition the artist had used Rubik's Cubes to create giant Space Invaders. Another artist includes Robbie Mackinnon of Toronto Canada with earliest published work in 2007 who claims to have developed his pointillist Cube Art years earlier while being a teacher in China. Robbie Mackinnon's work has been exhibited in Ripley's Believe it or Not and focussed on using pop-art, while Space Invader has exhibited his Cube Art alongside mosaic Space Invaders in commercial and public galleries. 678: in) on each side. The puzzle consists of 26 unique miniature cubes, also known as "cubies" or "cubelets". Each of these includes a concealed inward extension that interlocks with the other cubes while permitting them to move to different locations. However, the centre cube of each of the six faces is merely a single square façade; all six are affixed to the core mechanism. These provide structure for the other pieces to fit into and rotate around. Hence, there are 21 pieces: a single core piece consisting of three intersecting axes holding the six centre squares in place but letting them rotate, and 20 smaller plastic pieces that fit into it to form the assembled puzzle. 2197:), the standard 3×3×3 cube, the 4×4×4 (Rubik's Revenge/Master Cube), and the 5×5×5 (Professor's Cube) are the most well known, as they are all available under the official Rubik's brand. The WCA sanctions speedsolving competitions for cube orders up to 7×7×7. These "big cubes" represent about the limit of practicality for the purpose of competitive speedsolving, as the cubes become increasingly ungainly and prone to mechanical failure (such as "popping", where one or more pieces become dislodged from the puzzle), and average solve times increase quadratically with each larger order, in proportion to the number of total "facelets" of the cube. 2201:

largest commercially sold cube, and the most expensive, costing over US$ 2000. A mass-produced 17×17×17 was later introduced by the Chinese manufacturer YuXin. A working design for a 22×22×22 cube exists and was demonstrated in January 2016, and a 33×33×33 in December 2017, though designs this large are not currently mass-produced. Chinese manufacturer ShengShou has been producing cubes in all sizes from 2×2×2 to 15×15×15 (as of May 2020), and has also come out with a 17×17×17. The largest currently mass-produced cube is 21×21×21, made by MoYu beginning in 2021, and costing between $ 1100 and $ 1600.

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of the solved Cube, there is no edge piece with both red and orange sides). The location of these cubes relative to one another can be altered by twisting an outer third of the Cube by increments of 90 degrees, but the location of the coloured sides relative to one another in the completed state of the puzzle cannot be altered; it is fixed by the relative positions of the centre squares. However, Cubes with alternative colour arrangements also exist; for example, with the yellow face opposite the green, the blue face opposite the white, and red and orange remaining opposite each other.

1488:. In this method, a 2×2×2 section is solved first, followed by a 2×2×3, and then the incorrect edges are solved using a three-move algorithm, which eliminates the need for a possible 32-move algorithm later. The principle behind this is that in layer-by-layer, one must constantly break and fix the completed layer(s); the 2×2×2 and 2×2×3 sections allow three or two layers (respectively) to be turned without ruining progress. One of the advantages of this method is that it tends to give solutions in fewer moves. For this reason, the method is also popular for fewest move competitions. 2149: 1415:

solutions include "corners first" methods or combinations of several other methods. In 1982, David Singmaster and Alexander Frey hypothesised that the number of moves needed to solve the Cube, given an ideal algorithm, might be in "the low twenties". In 2007, Daniel Kunkle and Gene Cooperman used computer search methods to demonstrate that any 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube configuration can be solved in 26 moves or fewer. In 2008, Tomas Rokicki lowered that number to 22 moves, and in July 2010, a team of researchers including Rokicki, working with computers provided by

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time limit has elapsed. The number of points achieved is equal to the number of cubes solved correctly, minus the number of cubes unsolved after the end of the attempt, where a greater number of points is better. If multiple competitors achieve the same number of points, rankings are assessed based on the total time of the attempt, with a shorter time being better.

738:(40,320) ways to arrange the corner cubes. Each corner has three possible orientations, although only seven (of eight) can be oriented independently; the orientation of the eighth (final) corner depends on the preceding seven, giving 3 (2,187) possibilities. There are 12!/2 (239,500,800) ways to arrange the edges, restricted from 12! because edges must be in an 1566: 1565: 1562: 1567: 2265:. On 2 December 2017, Grégoire Pfennig announced that he had broken this record, with a 33×33×33 cube, and that his claim had been submitted to Guinness for verification. On 8 April 2018, Grégoire Pfennig announced another world record, the 2x2x50 cube. Whether this is a replacement for the 33×33×33 record, or an additional record, remains to be seen. 966:, meaning a list of well-defined instructions for performing a task from a given initial state, through well-defined successive states, to a desired end-state. Each method of solving the Cube employs its own set of algorithms, together with descriptions of what effect the algorithm has, and when it can be used to bring the cube closer to being solved. 1495:, is similar to the Petrus method in that it relies on block building rather than layers, but derives from corners-first methods. In Roux, a 3×2×1 block is solved, followed by another 3×2×1 on the opposite side. Next, the corners of the top layer are solved. The cube can then be solved using only moves of the U layer and M slice. 1564: 948:

the Cube is unscrambled apart from the orientations of the central squares, there will always be an even number of centre squares requiring a quarter turn. Thus orientations of centres increases the total number of possible Cube permutations from 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (4.3×10) to 88,580,102,706,155,225,088,000 (8.9×10).

1180:( ′ ) follows a letter, it indicates an anticlockwise face turn; while a letter without a prime symbol denotes a clockwise turn. These directions are as one is looking at the specified face. A letter followed by a 2 (occasionally a superscript ) denotes two turns, or a 180-degree turn. For example, 682:

official Cube used a screw that can be tightened or loosened to change the "feel" of the Cube. Newer official Rubik's brand cubes have rivets instead of screws and cannot be adjusted. Inexpensive clones do not have screws or springs, all they have is a plastic clip to keep the centre piece in place and freely rotate.

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example, mark the central squares of an unscrambled Cube with four coloured marks on each edge, each corresponding to the colour of the adjacent face; a cube marked in this way is referred to as a "supercube". Some Cubes have also been produced commercially with markings on all of the squares, such as the

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method but employs the use of a large number of algorithms, especially for orienting and permuting the last layer. The cross is solved first, followed by first layer corners and second layer edges simultaneously, with each corner paired up with a second-layer edge piece, thus completing the first two

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Another notation appeared in the 1982 "The Ideal Solution" book for Rubik's Revenge. Horizontal planes were noted as tables, with table 1 or T1 starting at the top. Vertical front to back planes were noted as books, with book 1 or B1 starting from the left. Vertical left to right planes were noted as

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When turning a cube over is considered to be a change in permutation then we must also count arrangements of the centre faces. Nominally there are 6! ways to arrange the six centre faces of the cube, but only 24 of these are achievable without disassembly of the cube. When the orientations of centres

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The preceding numbers assume the centre faces are in a fixed position. If one considers turning the whole cube to be a different permutation, then each of the preceding numbers should be multiplied by 24. A chosen colour can be on one of six sides, and then one of the adjacent colours can be in one

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exactly when the corners are. (When arrangements of centres are also permitted, as described below, the rule is that the combined arrangement of corners, edges, and centres must be an even permutation.) Eleven edges can be flipped independently, with the flip of the twelfth depending on the preceding

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The packaging had a few variations depending on the country, most popular being a clear plastic cylinder but cardboard versions were also used. The cube itself had slightly different variations in the order of the colours (Western vs. Japanese colour scheme where blue/yellow are switched) and some of

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Toy Fair in February 1979 in an attempt to popularise it. It was noticed by Seven Towns founder Tom Kremer, and they signed a deal with Ideal Toys in September 1979 to release the Magic Cube worldwide. Ideal wanted at least a recognisable name to trademark; that arrangement put Rubik in the spotlight

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Probably from the earliest days of the Rubik's Cube craze in the 1980s people have assembled cubes to form simple art pieces, several early 'Folk Artists' are noted for their work.Rubik's Cubes have also been the subject of several pop art installations. Owing to their popularity as a children's toy

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takes a different approach, averaging only 65 twists yet requiring the memorisation of only two algorithms. The cross is solved first, followed by the remaining edges (using the Edge Piece Series FR'F'R), then five corners (using the Corner Piece Series URU'L'UR'U'L, which is the same as the typical

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within the Rubik's Cube group enables the puzzle to be learned and mastered by moving up through various self-contained "levels of difficulty". For example, one such "level" could involve solving cubes that have been scrambled using only 180-degree turns. These subgroups are the principle underlying

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Some algorithms do have a certain desired effect on the cube (for example, swapping two corners) but may also have the side-effect of changing other parts of the cube (such as permuting some edges). Such algorithms are often simpler than the ones without side effects and are employed early on in the

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and was attended by 83 participants. The tournament led to the formation of the World Cube Association in 2004. Annual sales of Rubik branded cubes were said to have reached 15 million worldwide in 2008. Part of the new appeal was ascribed to the advent of Internet video sites, such as YouTube,

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After the first batches of Rubik's Cubes were released in May 1980, initial sales were modest, but Ideal began a television advertising campaign in the middle of the year which it supplemented with newspaper advertisements. At the end of 1980, Rubik's Cube won a German Game of the Year special award

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On the original, classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces was covered by nine stickers, with each face in one of six solid colours: white, red, blue, orange, green, and yellow. Some later versions of the cube have been updated to use coloured plastic panels instead. Since 1988, the arrangement of

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The earliest recorded artworks appear to have been created by Fred Holly, a legally blind man in his 60s in the mid-1980s. These early pieces focus on geometrics and colour patterns. There does not appear to be other recorded art pieces until the mid-1990s by cube aficionados involved in the puzzle

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In multiple blindfolded solving, all of the cubes are memorised, and then all of the cubes are solved once blindfolded; thus, the main challenge is memorising many – often ten or more – separate cubes. The event is scored not by time but by the number of points achieved after the one-hour

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Marking Rubik's Cube's centres increases its difficulty, because this expands the set of distinguishable possible configurations. There are 4/2 (2,048) ways to orient the centres since an even permutation of the corners implies an even number of quarter turns of centres as well. In particular, when

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which is approximately 519 quintillion possible arrangements of the pieces that make up the cube, but only one-twelfth of these are actually solvable. This is because there is no sequence of moves that will swap a single pair of pieces or rotate a single corner or edge cube. Thus, there are 12

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There are six central pieces that show one coloured face, twelve edge pieces that show two coloured faces, and eight corner pieces that show three coloured faces. Each piece shows a unique colour combination, but not all combinations are present (for example, if red and orange are on opposite sides

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designed an interactive exhibit based on the Rubik's Cube. It opened in April 2014 in celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Cube's invention before traveling internationally for seven years. Exhibition elements include a 35-foot-tall rooftop cube made of lights that people can manipulate with

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Other Rubik's Cube modifications include "shape mods", cubes that have been extended or truncated to form a new shape. An example of this is the Trabjer's Octahedron, which can be built by truncating and extending portions of a regular 3×3×3. Most shape modifications can be adapted to higher-order

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Many algorithms are designed to transform only a small part of the cube without interfering with other parts that have already been solved so that they can be applied repeatedly to different parts of the cube until the whole is solved. For example, there are well-known algorithms for cycling three

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An internal pivot mechanism enables each face to turn independently, thus mixing up the colours. For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be returned to having only one colour. The Cube has inspired other designers to create a number of similar puzzles with various numbers of sides, dimensions,

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Nichols assigned his patent to his employer Moleculon Research Corp., which sued Ideal in 1982. In 1984, Ideal lost the patent infringement suit and appealed. In 1986, the appeals court affirmed the judgment that Rubik's 2×2×2 Pocket Cube infringed Nichols's patent, but overturned the judgment on

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Since 2003, the winner of a competition is determined by taking the average time of the middle three of five attempts. However, the single best time of all tries is also recorded. The World Cube Association maintains a history of world records. In 2004, the WCA made it mandatory to use a special

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Each of the six centre pieces pivots on a fastener held by the centre piece, a "3D cross". A spring between each fastener and its corresponding piece tensions the piece inward, so that collectively, the whole assembly remains compact but can still be easily manipulated. The older versions of the

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Even larger cubes based on the V-Cube patents are commercially available to the mass-market from non-licensed manufacturers, most of them Chinese firms which also produce popular cubes designed for speed-solving. The 17×17×17 "Over the Top" cube (available late 2011) was until December 2017 the

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ce (180-degree) turns, which results in word-like sequences such as LOTA RATO LATA ROTI (equivalent to LU′ R′ U L′ U′ R U2 in Singmaster notation). The addition of a C implies rotation of the entire cube, so ROC is the clockwise rotation of the cube around its right face. Middle layer moves are

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The original Rubik's Cube had no orientation markings on the centre faces (although some carried the "Rubik's Cube" mark on the centre square of the white face), and therefore solving it does not require any attention to orienting those faces correctly. However, with marker pens, one could, for

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in 1981. This solution involves solving the Cube layer by layer, in which one layer (designated the top) is solved first, followed by the middle layer, and then the final and bottom layer. After sufficient practice, solving the Cube layer by layer can be done in under one minute. Other general

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in Budapest. Although it is widely reported that the Cube was built as a teaching tool to help his students understand 3D objects, his actual purpose was solving the structural problem of moving the parts independently without the entire mechanism falling apart. He did not realise that he had

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There are many variations of the original cube, some of which are made by Rubik. The mechanical products include Rubik's Magic, 360, and Twist. There are electronic variants such as Rubik's Revolution and Slide that were also inspired by the original. One of the 3×3×3 Cube variants is Rubik's

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which allowed fans to share their solving strategies. Following the expiration of Rubik's patent in 2000, other brands of cubes appeared, especially from Chinese companies. Many of these Chinese branded cubes have been engineered for speed and are favoured by speedcubers. On 27 October 2020,

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In blindfolded solving, the contestant first studies the scrambled cube (i.e., looking at it normally with no blindfold), and is then blindfolded before beginning to turn the cube's faces. Their recorded time for this event includes both the time spent memorizing the cube and the time spent

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Even while Rubik's patent application was being processed, Terutoshi Ishigi, a self-taught engineer and ironworks owner near Tokyo, filed for a Japanese patent for a nearly identical mechanism, which was granted in 1976 (Japanese patent publication JP55-008192). Until 1999, when an amended

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Rubik's Brand Ltd. also holds the registered trademarks for the word "Rubik" and "Rubik's" and for the 2D and 3D visualisations of the puzzle. The trademarks were upheld by a ruling of the General Court of the European Union on 25 November 2014 in a successful defence against a German toy

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An alternative notation, Wolstenholme notation, is designed to make memorising sequences of moves easier for novices. This notation uses the same letters for faces except it replaces U with T (top), so that all are consonants. The key difference is the use of the vowels O, A, and I for

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to denote a sequence of moves, referred to as "Singmaster notation" or simple "Cube notation". Its relative nature allows algorithms to be written in such a way that they can be applied regardless of which side is designated the top or how the colours are organised on a particular cube.

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Taking advantage of an initial shortage of cubes, many imitations and variations appeared, many of which may have violated one or more patents. In 2000 the patents expired, and since then, many Chinese companies have produced copies, modifications, and improvements upon the Rubik and

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The repetition of any given move sequence on a cube which is initially in solved state will eventually return the cube back to its solved state: the smallest number of iterations required is the period of the sequence. For example, the 180-degree turn of any side has period 2 (e.g.

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The Cube can be taken apart without much difficulty, typically by rotating the top layer by 45° and then prying one of its edge cubes away from the other two layers. Consequently, it is a simple process to "solve" a Cube by taking it apart and reassembling it in a solved state.

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TouchCube. Sliding a finger across its faces causes its patterns of coloured lights to rotate the same way they would on a mechanical cube. The TouchCube also has buttons for hints and self-solving, and it includes a charging stand. The TouchCube was introduced at the

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Group solving (12 minutes): The record for most people solving a Rubik's Cube at once in twelve minutes is 134, set on 17 March 2010 by schoolboys from Dr Challoner's Grammar School, Amersham, England, breaking the previous Guinness World Record of 96 people at

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There are many different variations of Rubik's Cubes. The most common class of variants changes the "order" of the cube, defined by the number of layers in each dimension or equivalently by the number of pieces along each edge (including corners). The 2×2×2

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After its international debut, the progress of the Cube towards the toy shop shelves of the West was briefly halted so that it could be manufactured to Western safety and packaging specifications. A lighter Cube was produced, and Ideal decided to rename it.

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using 4,242 officially licensed Rubik's Cubes. Fecteau also worked with the organization You Can Do The Rubik's Cube to create two separate guides designed to teach school children how to create Rubik's Cube mosaics from templates which he also created.

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reported that sales had fallen and that "the craze has died", and by 1983 it was clear that sales had plummeted. However, in some countries such as China and the USSR, the craze had started later and demand was still high because of a shortage of Cubes.

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toy shops. Magic Cube was held together with interlocking plastic pieces that prevented the puzzle from being easily pulled apart, unlike the magnets in Nichols's design. With Ernő Rubik's permission, businessman Tibor Laczi took a Cube to Germany's

1294:' means to turn the two rightmost layers anticlockwise, then the left inner layer twice, and then the inner front layer anticlockwise. By extension, for cubes of 6×6×6 and larger, moves of three layers are notated by the number 3, for example, 3L. 168:

colours has been standardised, with white opposite yellow, blue opposite green, and orange opposite red, and with the red, white, and blue arranged clockwise, in that order. On early cubes, the position of the colours varied from cube to cube.

1282:) refer to the inner portions of the cube (called slices). An asterisk (L*), a number in front of it (2L), or two layers in parentheses (Ll), means to turn the two layers at the same time (both the inner and the outer left faces) For example: ( 343:

and won similar awards for best toy in the UK, France, and the US. By 1981, Rubik's Cube had become a craze, and it is estimated that in the period from 1980 to 1983 around 200 million Rubik's Cubes were sold worldwide. In March 1981, a

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method. Most dedicated cubers will learn as many of these algorithms as possible, and most advanced cubers know all of them. If a cuber knows every algorithm for OLL they may be described as knowing full OLL. It is the same for PLL and F2L.

907: 1320:. Singmaster notation was not widely known at the time of publication. The faces were named Top (T), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Front (F), and Posterior (P), with + for clockwise, – for anticlockwise, and 2 for 180-degree turns. 1563: 1050:: such a description allows the Rubik's Cube to be mapped into a quantum system of few particles, where the rotations of its faces are implemented by unitary operators. The rotations of the faces act as generators of the 500:. Hence, Ishigi's patent is generally accepted as an independent reinvention at that time. Rubik applied for more patents in 1980, including another Hungarian patent on 28 October. In the United States, Rubik was granted 839:

The preceding figure is limited to permutations that can be reached solely by turning the sides of the cube. If one considers permutations reached through disassembly of the cube, the number becomes twelve times larger:

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manufacturer seeking to invalidate them. However, European toy manufacturers are allowed to create differently shaped puzzles that have a similar rotating or twisting functionality of component parts such as for example

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special award for Best Puzzle. As of January 2024, around 500 million cubes had been sold worldwide, making it the world's bestselling puzzle game and bestselling toy. The Rubik's Cube was inducted into the US

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Rubik's Cubes continued to be marketed and sold throughout the 1980s and 1990s, but it was not until the early 2000s that interest in the Cube began increasing again. In the US, sales doubled between 2001 and 2003, and

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Non-human solving: The fastest non-human Rubik's Cube solve was performed by Rubik's Contraption, a robot made by Ben Katz and Jared Di Carlo. A YouTube video shows a 0.38-second solving time using a Nucleo with the

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Puzzles have been built resembling Rubik's Cube, or based on its inner workings. For example, a cuboid is a puzzle based on Rubik's Cube, but with different functional dimensions, such as 2×2×4, 2×3×4, and 3×3×5.

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One of the most common deviations from Singmaster notation, and in fact the current official standard, is to use "w", for "wide", instead of lowercase letters to represent moves of two layers; thus, a move of

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solution when most of the puzzle has not yet been solved and the side effects are not important. Towards the end of the solution, the more specific (and usually more complicated) algorithms are used instead.

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on 13 March 1981. The contest used standardised scrambling and fixed inspection times, and the winners were Ronald Brinkmann and Jury Fröschl with times of 38.0 seconds. The first world championship was the

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Multiple blindfold solving: The world record for multiple Rubik's Cube solving blindfolded is 62 out of 65 cubes in 57 minutes and 47 seconds, set by Graham Siggins of the United States on 26 June 2022 at

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windows, with window 1 or W1 starting at the front. Using the front face as a reference view, table moves were left or right, book moves were up or down, and window moves were clockwise or anticlockwise.

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In 1981, thirteen-year-old Patrick Bossert developed a solution for solving the cube, along with a graphical notation, designed to be easily understood by novices. It was subsequently published as

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The Folk art form reached another level of its evolution with the development and maturity into a Pop art form consisting of pointillist Cube Art renderings. The street artist who uses the alias "

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Beyond the Folk Art of the 1980s and 1990s, and the simple replication of a Rubik's Cube in oversized form, artists have developed a pointillist art style using the cubes. Rubik's Cube Art a.k.a.

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in London, 1414 people, mainly students from schools across London, solved Rubik's Cube in under 30 minutes, breaking the previous Guinness World Record of 937. The event was hosted by Depaul UK.

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Speedcubing (or speedsolving) is the practice of trying to solve a Rubik's Cube in the shortest time possible. There are a number of speedcubing competitions that take place around the world.

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Fewest moves solving: The world record of fewest moves to solve a cube, given one hour to determine one's solution, is 16, which was achieved by Sebastiano Tronto of Italy on 15 June 2019 at

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The current colour scheme of a Rubik's Cube — yellow opposes white, blue opposes green, orange opposes red, and white, green, and red are positioned in anti-clockwise order around a corner.

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which can typically determine a solution of 20 moves or fewer. The user has to set the colour configuration of the scrambled cube, and the program returns the steps required to solve it.

1423:" for Rubik's Cube is 20. This means that all initial configurations can be solved in 20 moves or less, and some (in fact millions) require 20. More generally, it has been shown that an 2332:

to provide very large puzzles that are impractical to build, as well as virtual puzzles that cannot be physically built, such as many higher dimensional analogues of the Rubik's Cube.

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Blindfold solving: The world record fastest Rubik's Cube solve blindfolded is 12.00 seconds (including memorization), set by Tommy Cherry of the United States on 11 February 2024 at

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are also counted, as above, this increases the total number of possible Cube permutations from 88,580,102,706,155,225,088,000 (8.9×10) to 2,125,922,464,947,725,402,112,000 (2.1×10).

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In Rubik's cubers' parlance, a memorised sequence of moves that have a desired effect on the cube is called an "algorithm". This terminology is derived from the mathematical use of

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Italian composer Maria Mannone created a cube called "CubeHarmonic" which has musical note names on its facets, creating different chord structures depending on its configuration.

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Although there are a significant number of possible permutations for Rubik's Cube, a number of solutions have been developed which allow solving the cube in well under 100 moves.

2155: 749: 1507:("layer-by-layer" method or "beginner's method"), using algorithms that preserve what has already been solved. The easiest layer by layer methods require only 3–8 algorithms. 2861: 396:(1981). At one stage in 1981, three of the top ten best selling books in the US were books on solving Rubik's Cube, and the best-selling book of 1981 was James G. Nourse's 5388: 5508: 4888: 4837: 5534: 3326:

the numbers sold were between 100 and 300 million. His estimate is based on sales of 50 to 100 million legitimate cubes and perhaps a higher number of imitations.

1745:. The world record mean of three for the fewest moves challenge (with different scrambles) is 20.00, set by Wong Chong Wen (黄崇文) of Singapore on 17 September 2023 at 2157: 846: 457:

remarked that it was "becoming cool to own a Cube again". The 2003 World Rubik's Games Championship was the first speedcubing tournament since 1982. It was held in

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Feet solving: The world record fastest Rubik's Cube solve with one's feet is 15.56 seconds, set by Mohammed Aiman Koli of India on 27 December 2019 at the

240:"Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in Groups" and filed a Canadian patent application for it. Nichols's cube was held together by magnets. Nichols was granted 2154: 4111: 1239:

For methods using middle-layer turns (particularly corners-first methods), there is a generally accepted "MES" extension to the notation where letters

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their cellphones, a $ 2.5 million cube made of diamonds, a giant walk-in cube displaying the inner workings of the puzzle, and cube-solving robots.

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the last layer (OLL and PLL respectively). There are a total of 120 algorithms for Fridrich's method, however they are not all required to use the

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In 1997, Denny Dedmore published a solution described using diagrammatic icons representing the moves to be made, instead of the usual notation.

314:" and "Inca Gold" were considered, but the company finally decided on "Rubik's Cube", and the first batch was exported from Hungary in May 1980. 6012: 5315: 1655:

Average time: The world record average of the middle three of five solve times (which excludes the fastest and slowest) is 4.09 seconds, set by

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One-handed solving: The world record fastest one-handed solve is 6.20 seconds, set by Max Park of the United States on 27 August 2022 at

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are used to indicate that the entire Cube should be turned about one of its axes, corresponding to R, U, and F turns respectively. When

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The 4×4×4 and larger cubes use an extended notation to refer to the additional middle layers. Generally speaking, uppercase letters (

211:(WCA), the international governing body of the Rubik's Cube, has organised competitions worldwide and has recognised world records. 8267: 5796: 5443: 3818: 3624: 2394:. The site has various interactive objects based on Rubik's Cube. Customised versions of Rubik's Cube can be created and uploaded. 496:

was enforced, Japan's patent office granted Japanese patents for non-disclosed technology within Japan without requiring worldwide

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denoted by adding an M to the corresponding face move, so RIM means a 180-degree turn of the middle layer adjacent to the R face.

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The Lighter Side of Mathematics: Proceedings of the Eugène Strens Memorial Conference on Recreational Mathematics and Its History

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The Lighter Side of Mathematics: Proceedings of the Eugène Strens Memorial Conference on Recreational Mathematics and Its History

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The puzzle made its international debut at the toy fairs of London, Paris, Nuremberg, and New York in January and February 1980.

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corners without changing the rest of the puzzle or flipping the orientation of a pair of edges while leaving the others intact.

203:

Although the Rubik's Cube reached the height of its mainstream popularity in the 1980s, it is still widely known and used. Many

155:. The cube was released internationally in 1980 and became one of the most recognized icons in popular culture. It won the 1980 7058: 4452: 3976: 1316: 398: 5954: 4109:

S. Corli; L. Moro; D.E. Galli; E. Prati (2021). "Solving Rubik's Cube via Quantum Mechanics and Deep Reinforcement Learning".

712:) combinations but only one solution". Depending on how combinations are counted, the actual number is significantly higher. 6976: 5936: 5512: 3882: 3207: 3088: 2640: 2583: 1764: 1693:. The world record average of five feet solves is 19.90 seconds, set by Lim Hung (林弘) of Malaysia on 21 December 2019 at the 1398: 616: 7006: 6042: 5263: 1031: 8470: 6429: 5906: 3706: 2713:"25th Anniversa[r]y of Erno Rubik's Magic Cube. First introduced to the Western World by Pentangle Puzzles in 1978" 2567: 2557: 1738:. Siggins inspected 65 cubes, donned a blindfold, and solved successfully 62 of them, all under the time limit of one hour. 588: 6078: 6060: 5560: 5468: 1700:. Since 1 January 2020, 3x3x3 feet solving is no longer an event recognized by the WCA, and no results are being accepted. 7997: 3532: 207:

continue to practice it and similar puzzles, and to compete for the fastest times in various categories. Since 2003, the

6260: 7983: 7137: 7043: 6243: 3585: 3551: 3498: 3473: 3351: 3253: 1609:

Multiple blindfolded solving, or "multi-blind", in which the contestant solves any number of cubes blindfolded in a row

595: 8460: 4746: 4281: 4190: 4093: 3757: 3024: 2997: 2746: 1025:, often referred to by speedcubers colloquially as a "setup move". In addition, the fact that there are well-defined 635: 5972: 5781: 1711:. The world record mean of three for blindfold solving is 14.05 seconds, set by Tommy Cherry on 28 July 2024 at the 381:

noted that the cube had "captivated the attention of children of ages from 7 to 70 all over the world this summer."

8430: 7097: 6774: 569: 6293: 2893: 2763: 270:

created a puzzle until the first time he scrambled his new Cube and then tried to restore it. Rubik applied for a

7357: 6847: 4638: 2206: 2148: 4043:(March 1981). "Metamagical themas: The Magic Cube's cubies are twiddled by cubists and solved by cubemeisters". 602: 8450: 7207: 6220: 6201: 6178: 5990: 3429: 3315: 3138: 1798:. The college will submit the relevant data, witness statements and video of the event to Guinness authorities. 573: 348: 5137: 5064: 1794:, successfully solved Rubik's cube in 30 minutes on college ground. The successful attempt is recorded in the 8455: 6398: 6353: 4928: 3514: 2314: 2277: 415: 4996: 2338: 8440: 6827: 6323: 5819: 5112: 4978: 3648: 3602: 2289: 1602:

In addition to the main 3x3x3 event, the WCA also holds events where the cube is solved in different ways:

814:{\displaystyle {8!\times 3^{7}\times {\frac {12!}{2}}\times 2^{11}}=43{,}252{,}003{,}274{,}489{,}856{,}000} 584: 5238: 5039: 2791:"How the Rubik's Cube has lived to 50 years—and continues to be popular among members of Gen Z and beyond" 2261:

In 2011, Guinness World Records awarded the "largest order Rubiks magic cube" to a 17×17×17 cube, made by

8037: 7243: 6230:

Slocum, Jerry; Singmaster, David; Huang, Wei-Hwa; Gebhardt, Dieter; Hellings, Geert; Rubik, Ernő (2009).

5167: 3180: 2180:. Clicking on a cube in the picture will redirect to the respective cube's page. (Note: scrambled states) 1791: 432:

and would become the only competition recognized as official until the championship was revived in 2003.

140: 8465: 8331: 7434: 7157: 6872: 6304: 6211:

Rubik, Ernő; Varga, Tamas; Keri, Gerson; Marx, Gyorgy; Vekerdy, Tamas (1987). Singmaster, David (ed.).

3273: 2374: 1017: 6151: 6105: 4340: 2970: 2607: 2534: 8420: 6133: 6020: 5021: 4953: 4763: 2443:. Once the cube was covered with coloured panels so that it resembled a Rubik's Cube. Similarly, the 1679: 1627:

In fewest moves solving, the contestant is given one hour to find a solution and must write it down.

535: 161: 8415: 3446: 8281: 7653: 7534: 7527: 7479: 6832: 6346: 5341: 4734: 3898:

Zeng, Da-Xing; Li, Ming; Wang, Juan-Juan; Hou, Yu-Lei; Lu, Wen-Juan; Huang, Zhen (27 August 2018).

2826: 5754: 5586: 8234: 8044: 7835: 7786: 7660: 7049: 5604: 5421: 4910: 3953: 2414: 562: 420: 121: 3692: 3421: 3413: 3307: 3299: 2362: 8435: 8425: 8207: 7873: 7681: 7646: 7027: 6902: 6862: 5857: 5711: 4018: 3245: 2632: 2626: 2608:"Canadian company that owns classic toys Etch A Sketch and Aerobie buys Rubik's Cube for $ 50M" 2497: 2444: 2410: 1555: 1469: 1047: 902:{\displaystyle {8!\times 3^{8}\times 12!\times 2^{12}}=519{,}024{,}039{,}293{,}878{,}272{,}000} 367:

reported that Rubik's Cube is "a puzzle that's moving like fast food right now ... this year's

208: 5838: 4624: 4383: 4182: 4176: 3395: 3158: 8011: 7011: 6781: 6754: 6674: 5086: 1795: 1782: 1671: 1641:

Single time: The world record time for solving a 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube is 3.13 seconds, held by

1341:). The maximum period for a move sequence is 1260: for example, allowing for full rotations, 1212:

is primed, it is an indication that the cube must be rotated in the opposite direction. When

986:, which has been helpful for deducing certain algorithms – in particular, those which have a 983: 721: 4306:

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC '07)

3237: 3072: 3014: 609: 8229: 8181: 8051: 7937: 7828: 7716: 7625: 7511: 7469: 7414: 7312: 7280: 7147: 7090: 4130: 3911: 2350: 1724: 914: 411: 407: 403: 335: 331: 5293: 4807: 2712: 2317:'s Rhombic Dodecahedron, there are 3×3×3, 4×4×4, 5×5×5, and 6×6×6 versions of the puzzle. 530:

On 10 November 2016, Rubik's Cube lost a ten-year battle over a key trademark issue. The

384:

As most people could solve only one or two sides, numerous books were published including

253:

on a spherical surface with "at least two 3×3 arrays" intended to be used for the game of

8: 8475: 8445: 8363: 8186: 7793: 7639: 7590: 7162: 7129: 6664: 6449: 4045: 3795: 2856: 2458: 2281: 2255: 2214: 1145:(Right two layers): the side to the right of the front and the corresponding middle layer 709: 648: 493: 363: 357: 254: 6264: 4859: 4134: 3915: 2473:

or RubikCubism makes use of a standard Rubik's Cube, a popular puzzle toy of the 1980s.

7618: 7597: 6996: 6857: 6791: 6656: 6444: 6424: 6408: 6190: 6110: 5862: 5715: 5707: 4507: 4363: 4270: 4178:

Adventures in group theory: Rubik's Cube, Merlin's machine, and Other Mathematical Toys

4154: 4120: 4062: 4040: 3746: 3741: 3104: 3047: 2285: 2262: 1578:

A speedcubing championship organised by the Guinness Book of World Records was held in

1420: 1139:(Left two layers): the side to the left of the front and the corresponding middle layer 693: 437: 275: 124: 47: 6812: 4243: 4058: 8217: 7632: 7555: 7548: 7444: 7295: 7235: 6700: 6530: 6403: 6239: 6216: 6197: 6174: 5719: 5389:"You Probably Won't Live Long Enough to Solve the World's Largest 22x22 Rubik's Cube" 4742: 4277: 4186: 4158: 4146: 4089: 3984: 3929: 3878: 3753: 3581: 3494: 3469: 3425: 3347: 3311: 3249: 3238: 3134: 3084: 3020: 2993: 2742: 2636: 2562: 2430: 2329: 2212:

The Cube has inspired an entire category of similar puzzles, commonly referred to as

2165: 1674:. The world record fastest average of five one-handed solves is 8.62 seconds, set by 828:. To put this into perspective, if one had one standard-sized Rubik's Cube for each 538:, ruled that the puzzle's shape was not sufficient to grant it trademark protection. 148: 6284: 5703: 4406: 4298: 3666: 3343: 3337: 298: 285:

The first test batches of the Magic Cube were produced in late 1977 and released in

8358: 8336: 8191: 7866: 7807: 7751: 7737: 7541: 7317: 6927: 6887: 6822: 6786: 6769: 6764: 6618: 6492: 6388: 5958: 5699: 5366: 4138: 4054: 3919: 3409: 3295: 2539: 2528: 2520: 2489: 2251: 2173: 1456: 1407: 1068: 739: 497: 453: 385: 233: 156: 6328: 5940: 8381: 8326: 8212: 8199: 8058: 7990: 7930: 7772: 7695: 7454: 7394: 7347: 7258: 7194: 7083: 6892: 6817: 6515: 6309: 6232: 6046: 5823: 5687: 4431: 3872: 2947: 2821: 2572: 1278:) refer to the outermost portions of the cube (called faces). Lowercase letters ( 1121:(Back two layers): the side opposite the front and the corresponding middle layer 1115:(Front two layers): the side facing the solver and the corresponding middle layer 4660: 4593: 3713: 3323: 3080: 2686: 734:

The original (3×3×3) Rubik's Cube has eight corners and twelve edges. There are

265:

In the mid-1970s, Ernő Rubik worked at the Department of Interior Design at the

8348: 8244: 7944: 7439: 7424: 7369: 7352: 7248: 7228: 7184: 6966: 6912: 6759: 6623: 6082: 6064: 5914: 5189: 4206: 4142: 3822: 2300: 1504: 1464: 1436: 1177: 531: 250: 6393: 6298: 5600: 5417: 5215: 3947: 3924: 3899: 1525:

last layer corner permutation algorithm), and finally the last three corners.

832:, one could cover the Earth's surface 275 times, or stack them in a tower 261 502: 249:

On 9 April 1970, Frank Fox applied to patent an "amusement device", a type of

242: 8409: 8300: 8239: 8176: 8077: 8065: 7902: 7880: 7765: 7404: 7399: 7167: 6897: 6595: 6487: 6268: 4150: 3933: 2657: 2552: 2440: 2231: 2132: 2122: 2039: 2029: 1946: 1936: 1915: 1905: 1850: 1840: 1774:

cube solving: Jeremy Smith solved a 21x21x21 in 95 minutes and 55.52 seconds.

931: 377: 372: 8134: 6383: 5642: 2391: 913:

possible sets of reachable configurations, sometimes called "universes" or "

132: 57: 8004: 7923: 7895: 7800: 7744: 7611: 7474: 7449: 7362: 7342: 7327: 7306: 7285: 6917: 6837: 6605: 6567: 5664: 4549: 3849: 2288:). Grégoire Pfennig has also created at least one puzzle in the shape of a 2235: 941: 938: 934: 921:

of four positions; this determines the positions of all remaining colours.

656: 311: 3900:"Overview of Rubik's Cube and Reflections on Its Application in Mechanism" 1251:

denote middle layer turns. It was used e.g. in Marc Waterman's Algorithm.

708:

The puzzle was originally advertised as having "over 3,000,000,000 (three

8171: 8112: 8105: 7859: 7778: 7758: 7688: 7491: 7253: 6971: 6950: 6882: 6877: 6807: 6641: 6633: 6572: 6554: 6497: 6434: 5976: 5884: 4594:"Beginner Solution to the Rubik's Cube (available in multiple languages)" 4571: 2268: 2243: 2219: 2194: 2177: 1863: 1748: 1734: 1656: 1551: 1492: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1460: 977: 917:", into which the cube can be placed by dismantling and reassembling it. 829: 825: 524: 463: 344: 326: 237: 204: 68: 6338: 4066: 3019:. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 4. 1406:

Many general solutions for the Cube have been discovered independently.

726: 8098: 7852: 7674: 7583: 7496: 7429: 7337: 7322: 7290: 7275: 7264: 7152: 6587: 6577: 5316:"CoEP sets another record, over 3,000 solve Rubik's Cube in 30 minutes" 4683: 4503: 2767: 2227: 1648: 1595:, a Vietnamese student from Los Angeles, with a time of 22.95 seconds. 988: 833: 576: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 152: 128: 5955:"RUBIKCUBISM / A LOGICAL EXHIBITION OF INVADER AT SIXSPACE / LA. 2005" 4479:

Davidson, Morley; Dethridge, John; Kociemba, Herbert; Rokicki, Tomas.

3073: 1264:(Equator): the layer between U and D, turn direction as D (left-right) 1133:(Down two layers): the bottom layer and the corresponding middle layer 228:

Diagram from Nichols' patent showing a cube held together with magnets

89:

1977: as Hungarian Magic Cube, first test batches released in Budapest

8224: 8084: 7821: 7730: 7709: 7702: 7576: 7459: 7001: 6907: 6867: 6535: 6525: 6482: 2406:

Large Rubik's Cube built on the University of Michigan's North Campus

1708: 1592: 1051: 962: 735: 368: 291: 184: 28: 4512: 551: 8343: 8153: 8091: 7976: 7916: 7909: 7887: 7409: 7215: 7200: 7179: 6922: 6852: 6842: 6682: 6613: 6562: 6464: 6459: 6454: 5733: 4457: 4436: 4125: 2974: 2884:"eGames, Mindscape Put International Twist on Rubik's Cube PC Game" 2611: 2577: 2239: 2223: 2169: 2161: 1830: 1716: 1675: 1642: 1588: 1258:(Middle): the layer between L and R, turn direction as L (top-down) 1038:, which solve the cube by further reducing it to another subgroup. 1026: 520: 429: 286: 224: 6333: 4708: 4506:; Winslow, Andrew (2011). "Algorithms for Solving Rubik's Cubes". 4368: 4362:

Tom Rokicki (2008). "Twenty-Five Moves Suffice for Rubik's Cube".

2990:

Growing up with science: The illustrated encyclopedia of invention

2480: 8030: 7958: 7951: 7520: 7419: 7389: 5626:

Martin, W. Eric (April 2004). "Gamebits: Rubik's Cube... Cubed".

5486: 5087:"Rubik's WCA European Championship 2024 | World Cube Association" 4108: 3777: 2888: 2449: 458: 188: 108: 79: 5816: 3748:

Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern

2184: 1127:(Up two layers): the top side and the corresponding middle layer 1067:

Many 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube enthusiasts use a notation developed by

282:) on 30 January 1975, and HU170062 was granted later that year. 8353: 8305: 7667: 7604: 7569: 7562: 7501: 7374: 7221: 7142: 7106: 6692: 6288: 3184: 2418: 2325: 2070: 2060: 1688: 1579: 1416: 476: 352: 295:

because the Magic Cube was renamed after its inventor in 1980.

271: 6234:

The Cube: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Bestselling Puzzle

4319: 2495:

In 2010 artist Pete Fecteau created "Dream Big", a tribute to

1533:

The most move optimal online Rubik's Cube solver programs use

8310: 7814: 7723: 7464: 7189: 7173: 6646: 6520: 6324:

Safecracker Method: Solving Rubik's Cube with just 10 Numbers

6229: 2426:

several artists and groups have created large Rubik's Cubes.

2247: 2101: 2091: 2008: 1998: 1977: 1967: 1884: 1874: 1720: 1695: 516: 466:

said it will pay $ 50 million to buy the Rubik's Cube brand.

302:

Original Rubik's Cube - Ideal Toy Corp., made in Hungary 1980

192: 4501: 4478: 2402: 2390:

Google has released the Chrome Cube Lab in association with

506:

on 29 March 1983 for the Cube. This patent expired in 2000.

246:

on 11 April 1972, two years before Rubik invented his Cube.

151:

in 1980 via businessman Tibor Laczi and Seven Towns founder

8023: 7379: 5913:. The Regents of the University of Michigan. Archived from 4453:"Rubik's Cube solved in twenty moves, 35 years of CPU time" 1612:

Solving the cube using a single hand, or one handed solving

1463:

standing for "Cross, F2L, OLL, PLL". It is similar to the

144: 5758: 5113:"Rubik's WCA European Championship 2024 - Pamplona, Spain" 3707:"Major Amendments to the Japanese Patent Law (since 1985)" 1270:(Standing): the layer between F and B, turn direction as F 257:. He received his UK patent (1344259) on 16 January 1974. 7075: 5812: 5810: 5690:(September 2014). "Review: Beyond Rubik's Cube Exhibit". 5040:"WCA Regulations – January 2020 | World Cube Association" 4527: 4480: 3649:"One Cube, Many Knockoffs, Quintillions of Possibilities" 1455:

A solution commonly used by speedcubers was developed by

330:

The world's largest Rubik's Cube was constructed for the

5998: 5858:"The Cube, Restored, Is Back and Turning at Astor Place" 4502:

Demaine, Erik D.; Demaine, Martin L.; Eisenstat, Sarah;

4432:"Rubik's Cube quest for speedy solution comes to an end" 4232:. Cubism For Fun 15. Nederlandse Kubus Club. p. 10. 1790:

On 4 November 2012, 3248 people, mainly students of the

1781:

Group solving (30 minutes): On 21 November 2012, at the

1503:

Most beginner solution methods involve solving the cube

1188:

means to turn the right side anticlockwise. The letters

355:, and a Rubik's Cube was depicted on the front cover of 3845:"Rubik's Cube puzzled after losing EU trademark battle" 2687:"Jan. 30, 1975: Rubik Applies for Patent on Magic Cube" 2658:"The people who are still addicted to the Rubik's Cube" 6316: 5833: 5831: 5807: 4997:"Nub Open Mission Viejo 2023 | World Cube Association" 2272:

All five platonic solids represented by twisty puzzles

1723:, beating the record Cherry had set the yet before in 1097:(Down): the side opposite the top, underneath the Cube 978:

Relevance and application of mathematical group theory

5509:"NY Toy Fair opens with new Rubik's Cube, Lego deals" 4267: 4181:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1377:; only allowing for lateral clockwise quarter turns, 1337:); the 90-degree turn of any side has period 4 (e.g. 849: 752: 98: 5782:"Cubism? Rubik helps with toy's anniversary exhibit" 4384:"Rubik's Cube Algorithm Cut Again, Down to 23 Moves" 3877:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 2. 3075:

The 1970s (American Popular Culture Through History)

3012: 2276:

Some puzzles have also been created in the shape of

2250:). There are also puzzles that change shape such as 1678:

of the United States on 3 December 2023 at Nub Open

1109:(Right): the side directly to the right of the front 402:

which sold over 6 million copies. In 1981, the

5828: 4296: 4244:"Rubik's Cube - Solution and Wolstenholme Notation" 3819:"Rubik's Cube Wins Trademark Toy Story at EU Court" 3794:. Inventors.about.com. 9 April 2012. Archived from 3466:

Encyclopedia of Television Shows, 1925 through 2010

2943:"Rubik's Cube 25 years on: crazy toys, crazy times" 1224:is squared, the cube must be rotated 180 degrees. 6294:Complete disassembly of a 3^3 classic Rubik's cube 6231: 6210: 6189: 5685: 4269: 4268:Frey, Alexander H. Jr.; Singmaster, David (1982). 4112:Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 3745: 2849: 2741:. Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub. p. 771. 1103:(Left): the side directly to the left of the front 901: 813: 664:A standard Rubik's Cube measures 5.6 centimetres ( 4661:"Website with solutions created by Denny Dedmore" 3447:"The man who wrote the best-selling book of 1981" 3416:. In Guy, Richard K.; Woodrow, Robert E. (eds.). 3335: 3302:. In Guy, Richard K.; Woodrow, Robert E. (eds.). 1802: 406:in New York exhibited a Rubik's Cube, and at the 139:, the puzzle was licensed by Rubik to be sold by 8407: 5553: 4207:"World Cube Association Competition Regulations" 2851:"Rubik's Cube inventor is back with Rubik's 360" 1645:of the United States, broken on 11 June 2023 at 1091:(Up): the side above or on top of the front side 982:Rubik's Cube lends itself to the application of 414:, Tennessee a six-foot Cube was put on display. 5469:"MoYu 21x21 Cube Stickerless → MasterCubeStore" 5418:"World Record 33x33x33 Rubik's Cube !!!!!" 4011:"Counting the Permutations of the Rubik's Cube" 2151: 1528: 6187: 5601:"World Record 2x2x50 Rubik's Cube !!! :D" 3040: 2761: 2484:Pete Fecteau's "Dream Big" piece in the making 2439:) is a spinnable statue of a Cube standing in 7091: 6354: 5292:. Depaul UK. 21 November 2012. Archived from 5190:"Rubik's robot solves puzzle in 0.38 seconds" 4954:"Xuzhou Autumn 2024 | World Cube Association" 4334: 4227: 4079: 4077: 3897: 3736: 3734: 1663:cubing competition in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. 1615:Solving the cube in the fewest possible moves 1365:; only allowing for clockwise quarter turns, 1079:(Front): the side currently facing the solver 8120:Winston Steinburger and Sir Dudley Ding Dong 4808:"Competition Regulations, Article 9: Events" 3667:"Moleculon Research Corporation v. CBS, Inc" 2992:. London: Marshall Cavendish. p. 1245. 2624: 1184:means to turn the right side clockwise, but 6188:Frey, Alexander; Singmaster, David (1982). 5511:. Reuters. 16 February 2009. Archived from 5479: 5160:"World Cube Association – Official Results" 5022:"World Cube Association – Official Results" 4361: 4299:"Twenty-Six Moves Suffice for Rubik's Cube" 4170: 4168: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3208:"Advertising Ideal Toy's Son of Rubik Cube" 3079:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 2971:"National Toy Hall Of Fame 2014 - CBS News" 2655: 1545: 1540: 1327: 1314:Another notation appeared in the 1981 book 318:the cubes did not have a white piece logo. 112:An illustration of an unsolved Rubik's Cube 7098: 7084: 6361: 6347: 5501: 5412: 5410: 4887:. Worldcubeassociation.org. Archived from 4860:"WCA Regulations – World Cube Association" 4728: 4726: 4520: 4083: 4074: 4039: 4004: 4002: 3792:"The History of Rubik's Cube – Erno Rubik" 3740: 3731: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3618: 3616: 3408: 3294: 27: 6368: 5839:"Jacob Davenport » Rubik's Cube Art" 5797:"Rubik's Cube Twists Back Into Limelight" 4830:"Rubik's 3x3x3 Cube: Blindfolded records" 4782:"World Cube Association Official Results" 4732: 4511: 4367: 4124: 4008: 3923: 3904:Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 3775: 3625:"Rubik's Cube Twists Back into Limelight" 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3488: 3414:"The Utility of Recreational Mathematics" 3329: 3300:"The Utility of Recreational Mathematics" 3205: 3183:. Rubiks. 25 January 2019. Archived from 3124: 3122: 2739:A Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists 2328:, like Rubik's Cube, can be simulated by 1484:A now well-known method was developed by 1410:first published his solution in the book 1041: 1007:are specific moves or move-sequences and 636:Learn how and when to remove this message 39:Magic Cube, Speed Cube, Puzzle Cube, Cube 5904: 5885:"All Too Flat : Pranks : Cube" 5855: 5779: 5584: 5527: 5342:"Rankings | World Cube Association" 4911:"Rankings | World Cube Association" 4784:. World Cube Association. Archived from 4681: 4542: 4290: 4199: 4165: 3870: 3842: 3336:Batchelor, Bob; Stoddart, Scott (2007). 3235: 3218: 3016:Puzzle It Out: Cubes, Groups and Puzzles 2847: 2736: 2479: 2401: 2320: 2299: 2267: 2183: 2147: 1559: 1435:Rubik's Cube can be solved optimally in 1046:The Rubik's group can be endowed with a 725: 655: 647: 325: 297: 223: 170: 107: 91:As Rubik's Cube, worldwide, 1980–present 6103: 5794: 5407: 5381: 4979:"Records | World Cube Association" 4761: 4755: 4723: 4684:"The Ultimate Solution to Rubik's Cube" 4528:"Rubik's Cube Solution - Petrus Method" 4450: 3999: 3646: 3635: 3622: 3613: 3507: 3463: 3444: 3240:Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society 2987: 2981: 2618: 2601: 2599: 2455:University of Michigan's Central Campus 2295: 1599:timing device called a Stackmat timer. 1571:Speedsolve at a speedcubing competition 1468:layers (F2L). This is then followed by 445: 131:sculptor and professor of architecture 8408: 6171:Mathematics of the Rubik's Cube Design 6131: 5817:The Rubik's Cube Designs of Fred Holly 5630:. Vol. 28, no. 3. p. 4. 5625: 5110: 4810:. World Cube Association. 9 April 2008 4429: 4425: 4423: 4228:Treep, Anneke; Waterman, Marc (1987). 4174: 3843:Smithers, Rebecca (10 November 2016). 3816: 3764:Hofstadter gives the name as 'Ishige'. 3600: 3594: 3575: 3562: 3420:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3385: 3379: 3306:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3262: 3128: 3119: 3070: 2848:Jamieson, Alastair (31 January 2009). 2817:"The Rubik's Cube: A Puzzling Success" 2815:Adams, William Lee (28 January 2009). 2160:Variations of Rubik's Cubes. Top row: 1659:(王艺衡) of China on 21 September at the 1635: 1535:Herbert Kociemba's two-phase algorithm 1450: 1062: 743:ones, giving 2 (2,048) possibilities. 7079: 6342: 6310:List of related puzzles and solutions 6168: 5640: 5607:from the original on 11 December 2021 5535:"Toy Fair Kicks Off at Javits Center" 5424:from the original on 11 December 2021 5138:"3x3x3 multi-blindfolded WCA records" 4971: 4614: 4276:. Hillside, N.J.: Enslow Publishers. 4088:. Harmondsworth, Eng: Penguin Books. 3956:from the original on 11 December 2021 3366: 3360: 3206:Dougherty, Philip H. (30 July 1981). 3157:. Rubiks. 19 May 2008. Archived from 3064: 3013:Ewing, John; Czes Kosniowski (1982). 2814: 2766:. Stanford University. Archived from 2730: 2649: 2605: 2453:creating a large Rubik's Cube on the 1522:The Ultimate Solution to Rubik's Cube 1498: 1015:are their respective inverses), or a 426:First Rubik's Cube World Championship 418:even developed a cartoon show called 187:trying to solve a Rubik's Cube in an 7065:1982 World Rubik's Cube Championship 6173:. Pittsburgh, Pa: Dorrance Pub. Co. 5856:Moynihan, Colin (19 November 2005). 4451:Flatley, Joseph F. (9 August 2010). 3974: 3549: 2914: 2864:from the original on 11 January 2022 2681: 2679: 2596: 2558:n-dimensional sequential move puzzle 1585:1982 World Rubik's Cube Championship 1392: 1169:(rotate): rotate the entire Cube on 1160:(rotate): rotate the entire Cube on 1151:(rotate): rotate the entire Cube on 574:adding citations to reliable sources 545: 260: 7059:The Simple Solution to Rubik's Cube 6079:"You Can Do The Cube Official Site" 5561:"Largest Order Rubiks / Magic Cube" 4903: 4741:. Guinness Publishing. p. 85. 4430:Fildes, Jonathan (11 August 2010). 4420: 4404: 4015:Montgomery County Community College 3647:Hookway, James (14 December 2011). 3550:Reed, Steven R. (8 December 1982). 2788: 2397: 1317:The Simple Solution to Rubik's Cube 1085:(Back): the side opposite the front 399:The Simple Solution to Rubik's Cube 321: 13: 6162: 5795:Quenqua, Douglas (6 August 2012). 5264:"Pupils break Rubik's Cube Record" 5239:"List of Unofficial World Records" 5217:MoYu 21x21x21 M solve - 1:35:55.52 4321:Rubik's cube proof cut to 25 moves 4297:Kunkle, D.; Cooperman, C. (2007). 3623:Quenqua, Douglas (6 August 2012). 3533:"China facing Rubik Cube shortage" 3493:. Simon and Schuster. p. 88. 2656:de Castella, Tom (28 April 2014). 2584:List of Rubik's Cube manufacturers 2385: 1399:Optimal solutions for Rubik's Cube 652:Rubik's cube components with label 267:Academy of Applied Arts and Crafts 14: 8487: 6430:Rubik's family cubes of all sizes 6253: 5391:. 15 January 2016. Archived from 5111:Wallin, Daniel (23 August 2024). 4230:Marc Waterman's Algorithm, Part 2 4059:10.1038/scientificamerican0381-20 3977:"Analyzing Rubik's Cube with GAP" 3601:Noonan, Erica (8 November 2003). 3552:"Russians Queue for Rubik's Cube" 3386:Herman, Ros (10 September 1981). 2917:"Squaring up to the Rubchallenge" 2892:. 6 February 2008. Archived from 2676: 2568:Rubik's family cubes of all sizes 2464: 2209:in New York on 15 February 2009. 1591:on 5 June 1982, which was won by 482: 274:in Hungary for his "Magic Cube" ( 8395:(except Japan and parts of Asia) 8377: 8376: 8133: 7984:Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom 6144: 6125: 6104:Roberts, Siobhan (1 July 2024). 6097: 6071: 6053: 6035: 6005: 5983: 5965: 5947: 5929: 5898: 5877: 5849: 5788: 5773: 5747: 5726: 5679: 5657: 5634: 5619: 5593: 5578: 5461: 5436: 5359: 5334: 5308: 5282: 5256: 5231: 5208: 5182: 4885:"Rubik's 3x3x3 Cube: One-handed" 4615:Evans, Rob (24 September 1981). 3871:Bandelow, C. (6 December 2012). 3445:Hanauer, Joan (5 January 1982). 2628:Fotheringham's Sporting Pastimes 2373: 2361: 2349: 2337: 2131: 2121: 2100: 2090: 2069: 2059: 2038: 2028: 2007: 1997: 1976: 1966: 1945: 1935: 1914: 1904: 1883: 1873: 1849: 1839: 1756: 550: 7044:Rubik's Cube in popular culture 6061:"Dream Big « Pete Fecteau" 5905:McKinney, Todd (7 April 2008). 5780:Shaffrey, Ted (27 April 2012). 5712:10.4169/college.math.j.45.4.254 5704:10.4169/college.math.j.45.4.254 5692:The College Mathematics Journal 5641:Green, Melinda (25 June 2009). 5152: 5130: 5104: 5079: 5065:"3x3x3 blindfolded WCA records" 5057: 5032: 5014: 4989: 4946: 4921: 4877: 4852: 4822: 4800: 4774: 4733:McWhirter, Norris, ed. (1983). 4701: 4675: 4653: 4631: 4608: 4586: 4574:. how-to-solve-a-rubix-cube.com 4564: 4495: 4472: 4444: 4398: 4376: 4355: 4328: 4312: 4261: 4236: 4221: 4102: 4033: 3968: 3940: 3891: 3864: 3836: 3810: 3784: 3769: 3699: 3691:. 26 April 1978. Archived from 3681: 3659: 3543: 3525: 3482: 3457: 3438: 3402: 3288: 3199: 3173: 3147: 3107:. PuzzleSolver. 1 December 2006 3097: 3006: 2963: 2935: 2908: 2876: 2841: 2606:Evans, Pete (27 October 2020). 2207:American International Toy Fair 1030:the computer cubing methods by 924: 715: 660:Rubik's Cube in scrambled state 561:needs additional citations for 361:that same month. In June 1981, 3874:Inside Rubik's Cube and Beyond 3048:"Patent Specification 1344259" 2808: 2782: 2755: 2705: 2625:Fotheringham, William (2007). 1803:Top 10 solvers by single solve 1713:Rubik's WCA World Championship 1491:The Roux Method, developed by 1353:; not allowing for rotations, 703: 349:Guinness Book of World Records 347:championship organised by the 1: 6238:. Black Dog & Leventhal. 5784:. New York. Associated Press. 4933:live.worldcubeassociation.org 4762:Hanauer, Joan (26 May 1982). 4572:"How to solve a Rubik's Cube" 3367:Allen, Henry (10 June 1981). 2762:Michael Shanks (8 May 2005). 2589: 2143: 2137:Beach Bash Jacksonville 2024 2083:Claudio Matias Cancino Bruna 2044:Bay Area Speedcubin' 63 2024 1951:KCKC 5 Fast and Furious 2024 1419:, proved that the so-called " 1412:Notes on Rubik's "Magic Cube" 955: 509: 469: 392:(1980) and Patrick Bossert's 390:Notes on Rubik's "Magic Cube" 219: 8038:Kiya & the Kimoja Heroes 5911:The University Record Online 5290:"Schools Smash World Record" 5091:www.worldcubeassociation.org 5044:www.worldcubeassociation.org 5001:www.worldcubeassociation.org 4983:www.worldcubeassociation.org 4958:www.worldcubeassociation.org 3949:Rubik's Cube Commercial 1981 3515:"Rubik's Cube: A Craze Ends" 3236:Carlisle, Rodney P. (2009). 3071:Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). 2988:Dempsey, Michael W. (1988). 2290:small stellated dodecahedron 1529:Rubik's Cube solver programs 1057: 696:, in the July 1982 issue of 541: 7: 8471:Products introduced in 1977 6300:How to solve a Rubik's Cube 6215:. Oxford University Press. 6106:"The Rubik's Cube Turns 50" 4086:Notes on Rubik's Magic Cube 3817:Bodoni (25 November 2014). 3270:"Interview with Ernő Rubik" 2546: 1792:College of Engineering Pune 897:519,024,039,293,878,272,000 10: 8492: 7105: 7007:Thistlethwaite's algorithm 6140:. No. 14. p. 78. 6132:R.M.K. (1 November 1979). 6017:www.twoguysfromtoronto.com 4768:United Press International 4407:"Twenty-Two Moves Suffice" 4339:. MathTrek. Archived from 4084:Singmaster, David (1981). 3556:United Press International 3537:United Press International 3468:. McFarland. p. 915. 3451:United Press International 3133:. Orient. pp. 64–65. 2513: 2380:A 3×3×3×3×3 in MagicCube5D 1630: 1549: 1514:and became a best-seller. 1396: 824:which is approximately 43 809:43,252,003,274,489,856,000 719: 375:", and by September 1981, 214: 8372: 8319: 8293: 8255: 8162: 8142: 8131: 7968: 7510: 7128: 7113: 7036: 7020: 6989: 6959: 6943: 6936: 6800: 6747: 6714: 6691: 6673: 6655: 6632: 6604: 6586: 6553: 6544: 6506: 6473: 6417: 6376: 5587:"Over the Top – 17x17x17" 4682:Marshall, Philip (2005). 3925:10.1186/s10033-018-0269-7 3778:"Rubik's Cube Chronology" 3752:. New York: Basic Books. 3669:. Digital-law-online.info 3464:Terrace, Vincent (2008). 2176:, original Rubik's Cube, 1855:Pride in Long Beach 2023 984:mathematical group theory 162:National Toy Hall of Fame 95: 85: 75: 63: 53: 43: 35: 26: 8461:Spiel des Jahres winners 8282:Hasbro Family Game Night 6450:5×5×5 (Professor's Cube) 6213:Rubik's Cubic Compendium 6013:"Twoguysfromtoronto.com" 5973:"Rubik Space By Invader" 5907:"Photo: Blue-bik's cube" 5755:"Liberty Science Center" 5346:worldcubeassociation.org 5164:worldcubeassociation.org 5140:. World Cube Association 5067:. World Cube Association 5026:worldcubeassociation.org 4915:worldcubeassociation.org 4864:worldcubeassociation.org 4834:WorldCubeAssociation.org 4739:Guinness Book of Records 4711:. rubiks-cube-solver.com 4209:. World Cube Association 4143:10.1088/1751-8121/ac2596 3776:Longridge, Mark (2004). 3272:. Europa. Archived from 2951:. London. 16 August 2007 2505: 2368:A 4×4×4×4 in MagicCube4D 2356:A 3×3×3×3 in MagicCube4D 2344:A 2×2×2×2 in MagicCube4D 2278:Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra 1546:Speedcubing competitions 1541:Competitions and records 1459:. This method is called 1328:Period of move sequences 1232:is equivalent to one of 135:. Originally called the 8431:Mechanical puzzle cubes 8235:Archetype Entertainment 8045:The Magic Hockey Skates 7236:Glitter Force Doki-Doki 7050:Rubik, the Amazing Cube 6445:4×4×4 (Rubik's Revenge) 6169:Bizek, Hana M. (1997). 5243:speedsolving.com – Wiki 3653:The Wall Street Journal 3580:. Sterling. p. 3. 3489:Scheffler, Ian (2016). 2737:Daintith, John (1994). 2631:. Anova Books. p. 2415:Jersey City, New Jersey 1770:Highest order physical 1705:Triton Tricubealon 2024 421:Rubik, the Amazing Cube 157:German Game of the Year 8012:Dungeons & Dragons 7874:Pretty Pretty Princess 7028:World Cube Association 6903:Anthony Michael Brooks 6863:Krishnam Raju Gadiraju 6334:World Cube Association 6192:Handbook of Cubic Math 5843:www.playagaingames.com 5822:31 August 2009 at the 5565:Guinness World Records 4272:Handbook of Cubik Math 4175:Joyner, David (2002). 4041:Hofstadter, Douglas R. 3742:Hofstadter, Douglas R. 2498:Martin Luther King Jr. 2485: 2445:University of Michigan 2411:Liberty Science Center 2407: 2313:cubes. In the case of 2305: 2273: 2189: 2181: 1920:Flag City Summer 2023 1572: 1556:World Cube Association 1048:unitary representation 1042:Unitary representation 903: 815: 731: 661: 653: 534:'s highest court, the 339: 303: 279: 229: 209:World Cube Association 196: 113: 8451:1980s fads and trends 7654:Don't Spill the Beans 7021:Official organization 6675:Truncated icosahedron 5585:van Deventer, Oskar. 4709:"Rubik's Cube solver" 4623:: 802. Archived from 3578:Speedsolving the Cube 3342:. Greenwood. p. 3129:Holper, Paul (2006). 2764:"History of the Cube" 2483: 2405: 2321:Rubik's Cube software 2303: 2271: 2187: 2159: 1796:Limca Book of Records 1709:San Diego, California 1672:San Diego, California 1668:Marshall Middle Slice 1570: 1472:the last layer, then 904: 816: 729: 659: 651: 503:U.S. patent 4,378,116 329: 301: 243:U.S. patent 3,655,201 227: 182: 111: 16:3D combination puzzle 8456:Hungarian inventions 8230:Wizards of the Coast 8182:Hasbro Entertainment 8052:Magic: The Gathering 7717:Hungry Hungry Hippos 7598:Chutes & Ladders 7470:Treehouse Detectives 7415:Rom the Space Knight 7281:Kota the triceratops 7208:A Real American Hero 6440:3×3×3 (Rubik's Cube) 6152:"GAMES Magazine #20" 6049:on 23 February 2012. 5615:– via YouTube. 5432:– via YouTube. 5367:"US7600756B2 patent" 4481:"God's Number is 20" 3987:on 28 September 2017 3964:– via YouTube. 3695:on 12 February 2009. 3576:Harris, Dan (2008). 2789:Prakash, Prarthana. 2296:Custom-built puzzles 1725:Incheon, South Korea 1306:nticlockwise, and tw 847: 750: 570:improve this article 488:Rubik's 3×3×3 Cube. 446:21st-century revival 424:. In June 1982, the 404:Museum of Modern Art 336:Knoxville, Tennessee 127:invented in 1974 by 8441:Single-player games 8364:Saban Capital Group 8273:Television programs 8187:Astley Baker Davies 7647:Don't Break the Ice 6715:Virtual combination 6547:combination puzzles 6509:combination puzzles 6435:2×2×2 (Pocket Cube) 5917:on 24 February 2021 5686:Armstrong, Calvin; 5667:. Gravitation3d.com 5515:on 26 November 2020 5473:MasterCubeStore.com 5420:. 2 December 2017. 5395:on 10 February 2016 4891:on 10 December 2015 4840:on 10 December 2015 4617:"Restore your cube" 4337:"Cracking the Cube" 4335:Julie J. Rehmeyer. 4135:2021JPhA...54P5302C 4046:Scientific American 3952:. 23 October 2008. 3916:2018ChJME..31...77Z 3719:on 16 February 2012 3603:"Let's twist again" 3539:. 22 February 1982. 3373:The Washington Post 2896:on 12 February 2009 2857:The Daily Telegraph 2477:and game industry. 2075:Flatåsen Open 2024 2021:Matty Hiroto Inaba 1636:Competition records 1606:Blindfolded solving 1512:You Can Do The Cube 1505:one layer at a time 1451:Speedcubing methods 1063:Singmaster notation 698:Scientific American 494:Japanese patent law 394:You Can Do the Cube 364:The Washington Post 358:Scientific American 255:noughts and crosses 67:Rubik's Brand Ltd ( 23: 7998:Cupcake & Dino 7012:Rubik's Cube group 6858:Prithveesh K. Bhat 6782:Rubik's Revolution 6657:Great dodecahedron 6409:Oskar van Deventer 6111:The New York Times 6085:on 26 January 2012 5863:The New York Times 5801:The New York Times 5645:. Superliminal.com 5320:The Indian Express 5296:on 20 January 2013 5220:, 22 February 2022 4627:on 18 August 2020. 4343:on 11 October 2007 3975:Schönert, Martin. 3629:The New York Times 3521:. 30 October 1982. 3519:The New York Times 3398:on 19 August 2020. 3212:The New York Times 3161:on 26 January 2019 3131:Inventing Millions 2977:. 6 November 2014. 2923:on 20 January 2013 2829:on 1 February 2009 2770:on 20 January 2013 2526:1980 Games 100 in 2486: 2408: 2306: 2286:great dodecahedron 2274: 2263:Oskar van Deventer 2190: 2182: 2106:Viña Masters 2024 2013:Tianjin Open 2024 1990:Xuanyi Geng (耿暄一) 1661:Xuzhou Autumn 2024 1573: 1520:Philip Marshall's 1499:Beginners' methods 1021:structure, namely 992:structure, namely 899: 811: 732: 722:Rubik's Cube group 694:Douglas Hofstadter 662: 654: 438:The New York Times 340: 304: 230: 197: 125:combination puzzle 114: 48:Combination puzzle 21: 8466:Ideal Toy Company 8403: 8402: 8390:(U.S. and Canada) 8218:Tiger Electronics 8129: 8128: 7633:Crocodile Dentist 7549:Barrel of Monkeys 7542:Axis & Allies 7535:Ants in the Pants 7445:Stretch Armstrong 7296:Littlest Pet Shop 7073: 7072: 6985: 6984: 6710: 6709: 6474:Variations of the 6404:Panagiotis Verdes 6329:Speedsolving Wiki 5979:on 13 March 2012. 5734:"Chrome Cube Lab" 5322:. 5 November 2012 4552:. Grrroux.free.fr 3884:978-1-4684-7779-5 3491:Cracking the Cube 3410:Singmaster, David 3296:Singmaster, David 3187:on 14 August 2018 3090:978-0-313-33919-6 2693:. 30 January 2009 2662:BBC News Magazine 2642:978-1-86105-953-6 2447:students covered 2429:Tony Rosenthal's 2330:computer software 2141: 2140: 2052:Tymon Kolasiński 1959:Yusheng Du (杜宇生) 1620:manipulating it. 1568: 1441: / log( 1393:Optimal solutions 1387:{R L D R L U R F} 1383:{U D R U D L U F} 1379:{F B L F B R F U} 789: 646: 645: 638: 620: 435:In October 1982, 408:1982 World's Fair 332:1982 World's Fair 261:Rubik's invention 180: 141:Pentangle Puzzles 106: 105: 8483: 8421:Educational toys 8380: 8379: 8359:Lionsgate Canada 8192:Discovery Family 8137: 7738:The Game of Life 7640:Designer's World 7126: 7125: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7077: 7076: 7037:Related articles 6941: 6940: 6888:David Singmaster 6848:Shotaro Makisumi 6823:Jessica Fridrich 6801:Renowned solvers 6717:puzzles (>3D) 6665:Alexander's Star 6619:Pyraminx Crystal 6551: 6550: 6493:Nine-Colour Cube 6465:8×8×8 (V-Cube 8) 6460:7×7×7 (V-Cube 7) 6455:6×6×6 (V-Cube 6) 6377:Puzzle inventors 6363: 6356: 6349: 6340: 6339: 6320: 6319: 6317:Official website 6301: 6285:Rubik's Cube 6280: 6278: 6276: 6267:. Archived from 6249: 6237: 6226: 6207: 6195: 6184: 6156: 6155: 6154:. November 1980. 6148: 6142: 6141: 6134:"The Magic Cube" 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6081:. Archived from 6075: 6069: 6068: 6067:on 5 March 2012. 6063:. Archived from 6057: 6051: 6050: 6045:. Archived from 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6023:on 23 April 2021 6019:. Archived from 6009: 6003: 6002: 6001:on 3 April 2011. 5997:. Archived from 5987: 5981: 5980: 5975:. Archived from 5969: 5963: 5962: 5961:on 3 March 2012. 5957:. Archived from 5951: 5945: 5944: 5943:on 7 March 2012. 5939:. Archived from 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5853: 5847: 5846: 5835: 5826: 5814: 5805: 5804: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5757:. Archived from 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5688:Goldstine, Susan 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5603:. 8 April 2018. 5597: 5591: 5590: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5541:on 22 April 2009 5537:. Archived from 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5414: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5369:. Google Patents 5363: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5166:. Archived from 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4836:. Archived from 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4730: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4427: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4303: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4275: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4248:topaccolades.com 4240: 4234: 4233: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4128: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4081: 4072: 4070: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4017:. Archived from 4006: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3983:. Archived from 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3927: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3751: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3718: 3712:. Archived from 3711: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3689:"Japan: Patents" 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3644: 3633: 3632: 3620: 3611: 3610: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3573: 3560: 3559: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3394:. Archived from 3383: 3377: 3376: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3244:. Sage. p. 3243: 3233: 3216: 3215: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3126: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3078: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3052: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2919:. Archived from 2912: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2853: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2825:. Archived from 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2717:puzzlemuseum.com 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2683: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2603: 2459:April Fool's Day 2437:Astor Place Cube 2398:Exhibits and art 2377: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2304:Novelty keychain 2282:Alexander's Star 2195:Pocket/Mini Cube 2166:Professor's Cube 2136: 2135: 2126: 2125: 2105: 2104: 2095: 2094: 2074: 2073: 2064: 2063: 2043: 2042: 2033: 2032: 2012: 2011: 2002: 2001: 1981: 1980: 1971: 1970: 1950: 1949: 1940: 1939: 1919: 1918: 1909: 1908: 1889:Xi'an Open 2024 1888: 1887: 1878: 1877: 1854: 1853: 1844: 1843: 1807: 1806: 1698:10th Anniversary 1569: 1457:Jessica Fridrich 1408:David Singmaster 1069:David Singmaster 908: 906: 905: 900: 892: 891: 890: 869: 868: 820: 818: 817: 812: 804: 803: 802: 790: 785: 777: 772: 771: 740:even permutation 677: 676: 672: 669: 641: 634: 630: 627: 621: 619: 578: 554: 546: 536:Court of Justice 505: 454:The Boston Globe 386:David Singmaster 322:1980s Cube craze 312:The Gordian Knot 245: 234:Larry D. Nichols 200:and mechanisms. 181: 102: 101: 99:Official website 31: 24: 20: 8491: 8490: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8480: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8386: 8368: 8327:Hasbro Universe 8315: 8289: 8251: 8213:Parker Brothers 8164: 8158: 8146: 8144: 8138: 8125: 8059:Mighty Machines 7991:The Big Knights 7964: 7931:Trivial Pursuit 7891:(US and Canada) 7696:Hi Ho! Cherry-O 7506: 7435:Starting Lineup 7358:Equestria Girls 7271:Kibaoh Klashers 7195:FurReal Friends 7121: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7109: 7104: 7074: 7069: 7032: 7016: 6997:God's algorithm 6981: 6955: 6932: 6893:Ron van Bruchem 6818:Bob Burton, Jr. 6813:Édouard Chambon 6796: 6792:Rubik's Triamid 6743: 6716: 6706: 6687: 6669: 6651: 6628: 6600: 6582: 6546: 6540: 6516:Helicopter Cube 6508: 6502: 6475: 6469: 6413: 6372: 6367: 6315: 6314: 6299: 6281:(Working model) 6274: 6272: 6259: 6256: 6246: 6223: 6204: 6181: 6165: 6163:Further reading 6160: 6159: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6102: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6059: 6058: 6054: 6041: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6024: 6011: 6010: 6006: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5971: 5970: 5966: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5866: 5854: 5850: 5837: 5836: 5829: 5824:Wayback Machine 5815: 5808: 5793: 5789: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5761:on 20 June 2012 5753: 5752: 5748: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5684: 5680: 5670: 5668: 5665:"Magic Cube 5D" 5663: 5662: 5658: 5648: 5646: 5643:"Magic Cube 4D" 5639: 5635: 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5490: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5467: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5416: 5415: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5348: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5270:. 17 March 2010 5262: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5223: 5221: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5121: 5119: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5038: 5037: 5033: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5005: 5003: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4935: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4731: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4613: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4500: 4496: 4486: 4484: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4449: 4445: 4428: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4386:. . 5 June 2008 4382: 4381: 4377: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4333: 4329: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4301: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4173: 4166: 4107: 4103: 4096: 4082: 4075: 4038: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4021:on 19 July 2011 4009:Scott Vaughen. 4007: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3815: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3739: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3645: 3636: 3621: 3614: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3574: 3563: 3548: 3544: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3462: 3458: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3407: 3403: 3388:"Cubic mastery" 3384: 3380: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3334: 3330: 3318: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3234: 3219: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3127: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3069: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3011: 3007: 3000: 2986: 2982: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2948:The Independent 2941: 2940: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2915:Marshall, Ray. 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2735: 2731: 2721: 2719: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2667: 2665: 2654: 2650: 2643: 2623: 2619: 2604: 2597: 2592: 2573:Spatial ability 2549: 2516: 2508: 2467: 2400: 2388: 2386:Chrome Cube Lab 2381: 2378: 2369: 2366: 2357: 2354: 2345: 2342: 2323: 2298: 2188:A 17×17×17 cube 2174:Rubik's Revenge 2158: 2146: 2130: 2120: 2099: 2089: 2068: 2058: 2037: 2027: 2006: 1996: 1982:Wuhu Open 2018 1975: 1965: 1944: 1934: 1913: 1903: 1882: 1872: 1848: 1838: 1805: 1759: 1638: 1633: 1560: 1558: 1550:Main articles: 1548: 1543: 1531: 1501: 1453: 1401: 1395: 1330: 1065: 1060: 1044: 980: 958: 927: 886: 882: 864: 860: 850: 848: 845: 844: 798: 794: 778: 776: 767: 763: 753: 751: 748: 747: 724: 718: 706: 674: 670: 667: 665: 642: 631: 625: 622: 579: 577: 567: 555: 544: 512: 501: 485: 472: 448: 324: 263: 241: 232:In March 1970, 222: 217: 171: 97: 96: 90: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8489: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8397: 8392: 8385: 8384: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8349:Control-Vision 8346: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8334: 8323: 8321: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8297: 8295: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8245:Invoke Studios 8242: 8240:D&D Beyond 8237: 8227: 8222: 8221: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8208:Milton Bradley 8202: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8189: 8179: 8174: 8168: 8166: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8150: 8148: 8140: 8139: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8123: 8116: 8109: 8102: 8095: 8088: 8081: 8078:Pat & Stan 8074: 8069: 8062: 8055: 8048: 8041: 8034: 8027: 8020: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7972: 7970: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7962: 7955: 7948: 7941: 7934: 7927: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7899: 7892: 7884: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7856: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7832: 7825: 7818: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7790: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7769: 7762: 7755: 7748: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7720: 7713: 7706: 7699: 7692: 7685: 7678: 7671: 7664: 7657: 7650: 7643: 7636: 7629: 7622: 7615: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7587: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7531: 7524: 7516: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7440:Stickle Bricks 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7370:My Pet Monster 7367: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7353:My Little Pony 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7240: 7239: 7225: 7218: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7185:Easy-Bake Oven 7182: 7177: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7134: 7132: 7123: 7111: 7110: 7103: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7080: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7030: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6967:Layer by Layer 6963: 6961: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6947: 6945: 6938: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6913:Feliks Zemdegs 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6828:Chris Hardwick 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6775:Master Edition 6767: 6762: 6757: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6739:Magic 120-cell 6736: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6701:Rubik's Domino 6697: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6679: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6661: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6638: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6624:Skewb Ultimate 6621: 6616: 6610: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6592: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6559: 6557: 6548: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6512: 6510: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6366: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6312: 6307: 6296: 6291: 6282: 6271:on 19 May 2014 6261:"Rubik's Cube" 6255: 6254:External links 6252: 6251: 6250: 6245:978-1579128050 6244: 6227: 6221: 6208: 6202: 6185: 6179: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6143: 6138:GAMES Magazine 6124: 6096: 6070: 6052: 6034: 6004: 5982: 5964: 5946: 5928: 5897: 5876: 5848: 5827: 5806: 5787: 5772: 5746: 5725: 5678: 5656: 5633: 5618: 5592: 5577: 5552: 5526: 5500: 5478: 5460: 5435: 5406: 5380: 5358: 5333: 5307: 5281: 5255: 5230: 5207: 5196:. 8 March 2018 5181: 5170:on 2 July 2018 5151: 5129: 5103: 5078: 5056: 5031: 5013: 4988: 4970: 4945: 4920: 4902: 4876: 4851: 4821: 4799: 4788:on 7 June 2019 4773: 4764:"Cube Contest" 4754: 4747: 4722: 4700: 4674: 4652: 4639:"Rubik's Cube" 4630: 4607: 4585: 4563: 4550:"Introduction" 4541: 4519: 4494: 4471: 4443: 4419: 4405:Rokicki, Tom. 4397: 4375: 4354: 4327: 4311: 4289: 4282: 4260: 4235: 4220: 4198: 4191: 4164: 4101: 4094: 4073: 4032: 3998: 3981:gap-system.org 3967: 3939: 3890: 3883: 3863: 3835: 3823:Bloomberg L.P. 3809: 3798:on 23 May 2020 3783: 3768: 3758: 3730: 3698: 3680: 3658: 3634: 3612: 3593: 3587:978-1402753138 3586: 3561: 3542: 3524: 3506: 3500:978-1501121944 3499: 3481: 3475:978-0786486410 3474: 3456: 3437: 3430: 3401: 3378: 3359: 3353:978-0313330001 3352: 3328: 3316: 3287: 3276:on 27 May 2018 3261: 3255:978-1452266107 3254: 3217: 3198: 3172: 3146: 3139: 3118: 3105:"Rubik's Cube" 3096: 3089: 3063: 3039: 3025: 3005: 2998: 2980: 2962: 2934: 2907: 2875: 2840: 2807: 2795:Fortune Europe 2781: 2754: 2747: 2729: 2704: 2675: 2648: 2641: 2617: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2563:Rubik's Domino 2560: 2555: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2535:1981 Games 100 2532: 2524: 2515: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2471:Rubik's Cubism 2466: 2465:Rubik's Cubism 2463: 2399: 2396: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2379: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2336: 2322: 2319: 2297: 2294: 2215:twisty puzzles 2172:. Bottom row: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2128: 2127:United States 2118: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2097: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2066: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2035: 2034:United States 2025: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2004: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1973: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1942: 1941:United States 1932: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1911: 1910:United States 1901: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1880: 1870: 1867: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1846: 1845:United States 1836: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1787: 1786: 1779: 1775: 1768: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1739: 1733:Blind Is Back 1728: 1701: 1683: 1664: 1653: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1530: 1527: 1500: 1497: 1465:layer-by-layer 1452: 1449: 1397:Main article: 1394: 1391: 1329: 1326: 1272: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1174: 1173: 1164: 1155: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1043: 1040: 1032:Thistlethwaite 979: 976: 957: 954: 926: 923: 910: 909: 898: 895: 889: 885: 881: 878: 875: 872: 867: 863: 859: 856: 853: 822: 821: 810: 807: 801: 797: 793: 788: 784: 781: 775: 770: 766: 762: 759: 756: 720:Main article: 717: 714: 705: 702: 644: 643: 585:"Rubik's Cube" 558: 556: 549: 543: 540: 532:European Union 511: 508: 484: 483:Patent history 481: 471: 468: 447: 444: 428:took place in 416:ABC Television 323: 320: 262: 259: 251:sliding puzzle 221: 218: 216: 213: 191:after work in 149:Ideal Toy Corp 147:, and then by 104: 103: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8488: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8436:Novelty items 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8426:Logic puzzles 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8383: 8375: 8374: 8371: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8318: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8301:Auto Assembly 8299: 8298: 8296: 8292: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8254: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8205: 8204:Hasbro Games 8203: 8201: 8198: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8177:Cranium, Inc. 8175: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8161: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8141: 8136: 8122: 8121: 8117: 8115: 8114: 8110: 8108: 8107: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8067: 8066:Ninja Express 8063: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8054: 8053: 8049: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8035: 8033: 8032: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7961: 7960: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7926: 7925: 7921: 7919: 7918: 7914: 7912: 7911: 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7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7112: 7108: 7101: 7096: 7094: 7089: 7087: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7035: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6988: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6958: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6898:Eric Limeback 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6787:Rubik's Snake 6785: 6783: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6770:Rubik's Magic 6768: 6766: 6765:Rubik's Clock 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6713: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6603: 6597: 6596:Skewb Diamond 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6543: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418:Rubik's Cubes 6416: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6389:Larry Nichols 6387: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6364: 6359: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6302: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6270: 6266: 6265:Google Doodle 6262: 6258: 6257: 6247: 6241: 6236: 6235: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6214: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6194: 6193: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6167: 6166: 6153: 6147: 6139: 6135: 6128: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6100: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6048: 6044: 6043:"Exhibitions" 6038: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5942: 5938: 5937:"Rubikcubism" 5932: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5901: 5886: 5880: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5852: 5844: 5840: 5834: 5832: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5813: 5811: 5802: 5798: 5791: 5783: 5776: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5735: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5666: 5660: 5644: 5637: 5629: 5622: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5588: 5581: 5566: 5562: 5556: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5488: 5482: 5474: 5470: 5464: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5411: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5368: 5362: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5219: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5139: 5133: 5118: 5114: 5107: 5092: 5088: 5082: 5066: 5060: 5045: 5041: 5035: 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Jasmine Lee 4595: 4589: 4573: 4567: 4551: 4545: 4529: 4523: 4514: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4482: 4475: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4447: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4426: 4424: 4408: 4401: 4385: 4379: 4370: 4365: 4358: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4323: 4322: 4315: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4285: 4283:0-89490-058-7 4279: 4274: 4273: 4264: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4231: 4224: 4208: 4202: 4194: 4192:0-8018-6947-1 4188: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4171: 4169: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4119:(5): 425302. 4118: 4114: 4113: 4105: 4097: 4095:0-907395-00-7 4091: 4087: 4080: 4078: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4036: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4005: 4003: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3886: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3867: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3779: 3772: 3765: 3761: 3759:0-465-04566-9 3755: 3750: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3735: 3715: 3708: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3668: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3630: 3626: 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2634: 2630: 2629: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2600: 2595: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2553:Mirror blocks 2551: 2550: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2511: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2441:New York City 2438: 2434: 2433: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2404: 2395: 2393: 2376: 2371: 2364: 2359: 2352: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2318: 2316: 2310: 2302: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2252:Rubik's Snake 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2232:Skewb Diamond 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2210: 2208: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2186: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2150: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1897:Luke Garrett 1896: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1761: 1760: 1757:Other records 1751: 1750: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1684: 1681: 1680:Mission Viejo 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1557: 1553: 1538: 1536: 1526: 1523: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1325: 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571: 565: 564: 559:This section 557: 553: 548: 547: 539: 537: 533: 528: 526: 522: 518: 507: 504: 499: 495: 489: 480: 478: 467: 465: 460: 456: 455: 443: 440: 439: 433: 431: 427: 423: 422: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 400: 395: 391: 387: 382: 380: 379: 378:New Scientist 374: 370: 366: 365: 360: 359: 354: 350: 346: 337: 333: 328: 319: 315: 313: 307: 300: 296: 293: 288: 283: 281: 277: 273: 268: 258: 256: 252: 247: 244: 239: 235: 226: 212: 210: 206: 201: 194: 190: 186: 169: 165: 163: 158: 154: 150: 146: 143:in the UK in 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 123: 119: 110: 100: 94: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 59: 56: 52: 49: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 8416:Rubik's Cube 8394: 8389: 8280: 8277:Video games 8163:Subsidiaries 8143:Distributed 8118: 8111: 8104: 8097: 8090: 8083: 8076: 8071: 8064: 8057: 8050: 8043: 8036: 8029: 8022: 8017: 8010: 8005:Duel Masters 8003: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7957: 7950: 7943: 7936: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7886: 7879: 7872: 7865: 7858: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7834: 7827: 7820: 7813: 7806: 7801:Nerf Blaster 7799: 7794:Mystery Date 7792: 7785: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7745:Mall Madness 7743: 7736: 7729: 7722: 7715: 7708: 7701: 7694: 7687: 7680: 7673: 7666: 7659: 7652: 7645: 7638: 7631: 7624: 7617: 7612:Connect Four 7610: 7603: 7596: 7591:Catch Phrase 7589: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7561: 7554: 7547: 7540: 7533: 7526: 7519: 7475:Transformers 7455:Talk 'n Play 7450:Super Soaker 7385:Poppin' Park 7384: 7363:MoonDreamers 7343:Monster Face 7332: 7328:Mighty Muggs 7307:Luna Petunia 7305: 7301:Lost Kitties 7300: 7286:Lincoln Logs 7270: 7263: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7206: 7199: 7172: 7114:Intellectual 7057: 7048: 6944:Speedsolving 6918:Collin Burns 6873:Frank Morris 6838:Rowe Hessler 6755:Missing Link 6606:Dodecahedron 6568:Pyraminx Duo 6476:Rubik's Cube 6439: 6370:Rubik's Cube 6369: 6273:. Retrieved 6269:the original 6233: 6212: 6191: 6170: 6146: 6137: 6127: 6115:. Retrieved 6109: 6099: 6087:. Retrieved 6083:the original 6073: 6065:the original 6055: 6047:the original 6037: 6025:. Retrieved 6021:the original 6016: 6007: 5999:the original 5994: 5985: 5977:the original 5967: 5959:the original 5949: 5941:the original 5931: 5919:. Retrieved 5915:the original 5910: 5900: 5888:. Retrieved 5879: 5867:. Retrieved 5861: 5851: 5842: 5800: 5790: 5775: 5763:. Retrieved 5759:the original 5749: 5737:. Retrieved 5728: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5669:. Retrieved 5659: 5647:. Retrieved 5636: 5627: 5621: 5609:. Retrieved 5595: 5580: 5568:. Retrieved 5564: 5555: 5543:. Retrieved 5539:the original 5529: 5517:. Retrieved 5513:the original 5503: 5491:. Retrieved 5487:"Variations" 5481: 5472: 5463: 5451:. Retrieved 5447: 5438: 5426:. Retrieved 5397:. Retrieved 5393:the original 5383: 5371:. Retrieved 5361: 5349:. Retrieved 5345: 5336: 5324:. Retrieved 5319: 5310: 5298:. 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Retrieved 4456: 4446: 4435: 4410:. Retrieved 4400: 4388:. Retrieved 4378: 4357: 4345:. Retrieved 4341:the original 4330: 4320: 4314: 4308:. ACM Press. 4305: 4292: 4271: 4263: 4251:. Retrieved 4247: 4238: 4229: 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4201: 4177: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4085: 4053:(3): 20–39. 4050: 4044: 4035: 4023:. Retrieved 4019:the original 4014: 3989:. Retrieved 3985:the original 3980: 3970: 3958:. Retrieved 3948: 3942: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3873: 3866: 3854:. Retrieved 3850:The Guardian 3848: 3838: 3812: 3800:. Retrieved 3796:the original 3786: 3771: 3763: 3747: 3721:. Retrieved 3714:the original 3701: 3693:the original 3683: 3671:. Retrieved 3661: 3652: 3628: 3607:Boston Globe 3606: 3596: 3577: 3555: 3545: 3536: 3527: 3518: 3509: 3490: 3484: 3465: 3459: 3450: 3440: 3417: 3404: 3396:the original 3391: 3381: 3372: 3362: 3338: 3331: 3303: 3290: 3278:. Retrieved 3274:the original 3264: 3239: 3211: 3201: 3189:. Retrieved 3185:the original 3175: 3163:. 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