25:
707:
388:
112:
506:
384:. When in February 1300, King Albert I tried to grant his eldest son Rudolf sole possession of Austria, the ecclesiastical prince-electors refused and a military conflict erupted. Young Rudolf of Saxe-Wittenberg, however, was not involved in this conflict; he remained under the care of his mother until 1302.
658:
became Dukes and
Imperial Princes. However, his relation with Charles deteriorated when in 1350 Charles confirmed the Wittelsbach margrave Louis V as Elector of Brandenburg and Margrave of Lusatia. This confirmation aroused Rudolf's indignation and he temporarily withdrew from the Prague court. Both
531:
After these and other sanctions by the
Wittelsbach emperor, Duke Rudolf I decided to subordinate himself and his brother Wenceslas to Louis for tactical reasons and attempted to prove himself as a true support. From then on, he acted as mediator in the ongoing disputes between various princes, which
678:
for all electorates: they were declared indivisible; the eldest son inherits the entire principality, or, if an elector has no sons, an elector's younger brother inherits. A prince-elector could cast his vote from the age of 18 and rule the electorate from the age of 21. The Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
679:
was confirmed as the
Elector of Saxony. In return, the Saxe-Lauenburg branch of the House of Ascania finally lost all claims to the electoral vote and to the associated dignity of Imperial Archmarshal as well as the right to carry a sword in the imperial diet.
401:
In 1302, Rudolf finally assumed the rule over Saxe-Wittenberg himself. Initially, he was anxious to further strengthen the country's sovereignty. To achieve this, he first of all had to make his Saxe-Lauenburg relatives,
442:
and Rudolf's
Habsburg cousin Frederick the Fair. Louis had received five of the seven votes, to wit that of Duke John II of Saxe-Lauenburg, rivallingly claiming the Saxon electoral dignity, Archbishop
1010:
352:
Still a minor when his father died on 25 August 1298, Rudolf I succeeded as Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg under the tutelage of his mother Agnes of
Habsburg acting as guardian and
422:
was elected on 27 November 1308. Duke Rudolf I voted for Henry and also assisted him by providing money and troops, earning him the goodwill of the newly elected emperor.
497:, to strengthen his dynasty's position. With the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Louis V also received the electoral vote and the post of an Imperial arch-chamberlain.
827:
He married Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin in 1333 (18 December 1314 – 9 May 1343 in
Wittenberg), the daughter of Count Ulrich of Lindow-Ruppin and the widow of Lord
458:. Rudolf's preferred candidate, the anti-king Frederick the Fair, received in the same election four of the seven votes, one each from the deposed King
997:
532:
allowed him to build up useful connections. For example, he organised a meeting between six of the prince-electors promulgating the constitutional
414:
agree that he, and not his eldest cousin John II, had inherited his father's rank as Saxon elector. Of great importance was Rudolf's vote in the
54:
780:
603:
area. In 1306, he organised defensive and offensive alliances with several cities; the cities expanded these alliances in subsequent years.
1121:
360:, in preparation for his role as ruling duke. Rudolf's first official act as holder of the electoral dignity of the Imperial Archmarshal (
340:. Upon King Adolf's deposition and death in 1298, Albert II again exercised the Saxon electoral dignity by voting for his brother-in-law
430:
Nevertheless, Henry of
Luxembourg died on 23 August 1313 and the next election of the King of the Romans was held on 19 October 1314 in
587:
castle on the foundations of Rudolf's castle. To cover the increasing cost of his
Imperial policies, he began to sell rights, such as
718:
486:
455:
776:
686:(c. 1307 – 1370). He was initially buried in the Wittenberg Franciscan Church; in 1883, his mortal remains were transferred to the
575:
evolved. Around 1340, he built
Wittenberg Castle as a suitable residence for himself and his descendants. In the 16th century, his
493:. King Louis, however, held that he could not grant the fief to an elector who had voted against him, and gave it to his own son,
762:
1246:
1297:
1292:
1151:
838:
201:
651:
481:
in 1328. As a supporter of the
Habsburg side, Rudolf I had to face the consequences: when in 1320, the Ascanian rulers of
1191:
1161:
1156:
755:
691:
418:
of 1308, upon the assassination of his uncle Albert I of Habsburg. After some time of back and forth negotiations, Count
299:
in 1288, Duke Albert II applied at his father-in-law King Rudolf for the enfeoffment of his son and heir with the Saxon
1272:
1226:
1146:
1075:
786:
741:
717:
In 1298 he married Margravine Jutta (Brigitte) of Brandenburg (died: 9 May 1328 in Wittenberg), a daughter of Margrave
683:
571:
languages originally spoken in his territory. He founded the All Saints' Monastery in Wittenberg, from which the later
411:
197:
1277:
1221:
968:
932:
687:
572:
431:
76:
975:
47:
1216:
1181:
1114:
580:
315:
were more successful: when their fiefs were reverted to the Empire in 1290, the king enfeoffed Albert's son Rudolf
1211:
1171:
805:
403:
391:
Imperial election of 1308: the Seven Electors voting for Henry, Rudolf (3rd from right) wielding the Saxon vote (
1251:
1206:
1166:
1002:
655:
624:
407:
296:
828:
694:
in 1412, whereafter the Wittenberg estates and the Saxon electoral dignity passed to the Wettin margraves of
690:. The Saxe-Wittenberg branch of the Ascanian dynasty became extinct with the death of Rudolf's grandson Duke
419:
642:
river became the boundary between Saxony and Brandenburg. In addition, he received the Imperial Forestry at
439:
489:, Rudolf I, who had administered Brandenburg as regent since 1319, claimed the margraviate as an Ascanian
477:
on 28 September 1322; Louis of Bavaria emerged victoriously as the German king, he was eventually crowned
1201:
1107:
1196:
482:
381:
1176:
1058:
631:
on 26 November 1346, and Duke Rudolf I was the only elector who was present at this solemn ceremony.
467:
393:
329:
269:
211:
37:
1130:
980:
785:
Beatrix (died in the Coswig Convent, after 26 February 1345), married on 27 January 1337 to Prince
584:
494:
277:
41:
33:
1186:
1065:
775:
Otto (died 30 March 1350), married Elizabeth of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg (d. 1384), a daughter of Duke
599:, customs and escort rights. These rights were the roots of the first communal structures in the
245:
99:
682:
Rudolf I died on 12 March 1356 in Wittenberg and was succeeded by his eldest surviving son Duke
1241:
1236:
860:
731:
Anna (mentioned in 1309 – died in Wittenberg in 1328 or 1329), married Bernard of Poland (died
434:
near Frankfurt. For the first time, two candidates in the election claimed to have won it, the
356:. She gradually introduced him to the business of government at the court of her brother, King
273:
58:
1282:
695:
643:
533:
463:
443:
474:
1287:
435:
336:. In 1296 the Ascanian lands were finally divided into the duchies of Saxe-Wittenberg and
8:
866:
Helena (died 2 April 1367), married in 1353 with John I of Hardeck, Burgrave of Magdeburg
794:
667:
620:
373:
357:
341:
311:. Albert's attempts to secure the succession in the lands of the extinct Saxon counts of
285:
249:
185:
612:
478:
377:
332:. In 1295 he could again enlarge his Saxon territories, when he acquired the County of
289:
1089:
964:
928:
537:
415:
324:
After Rudolf of Habsburg had died, Duke Albert II on 27 April 1292 wielded the Saxon
281:
253:
222:
103:
1024:
956:, part 2, Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin, 1963, reprinted: 1941, p. 372 ff
809:
545:
459:
365:
241:
173:
544:. Thereafter, Louis finally changed his opinion of Rudolf and leased parts of the
706:
576:
567:, which continued until the middle of the 14th century. Rudolf also outlawed the
541:
451:
447:
369:
308:
300:
265:
549:
1231:
646:
in 1348, as compensation for his expenses as elector. Under his direction, the
592:
568:
387:
337:
325:
666:
Rudolf's greatest success came on 4 October 1355 when the emperor drafted the
660:
1266:
675:
1006:(in German), vol. 29, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 554–555
619:, which became apparent with the election of King John's son and heir, the
588:
984:(in German), vol. 22, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 184–185
627:(1316-1378) as King of the Romans on 11 July 1346. Charles was crowned in
611:
During his mediations, Rudolf also built up a close relationship with the
751:– 6 December 1370), married Countess Elizabeth of Lindow and Ruppin
647:
596:
16:
Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg from 1298 to 1356, First Elector Saxony from 1356
961:
Herrschaft u. Territorium der Herzöge von Sachsen-Wittenberg (1212–1422)
911:
Historisch-geographische Beschreibung Wittenbergs und seiner Universität
600:
564:
160:
111:
307:
river, which ensued a long lasting dispute with the eager clan of the
1099:
536:
in 1338. Rudolf, on the other hand, had a friendly relationship with
364:) was the consent to King Albert's request to enfeoff the duchies of
280:
territory. Rudolf's father consolidated his position by marrying the
659:
reconciled after Charles IV gave Rudolf the Walchenhof Court in the
168:
635:
553:
470:, and Rudolf I himself, also claiming the Saxon electoral power.
333:
304:
634:
His close ties to Charles IV were rewarded when he received the
616:
353:
312:
272:(c. 1250 – 1298), who initially ruled jointly with his brother
674:, defining the future law of the Empire. This bull stipulated
462:, thereby illegitimately assuming electoral power, Archbishop
849:
639:
628:
560:
505:
490:
804:– 9 April 1333 in Wittenberg), the daughter of King
754:
Elisabeth (died 1353), married before 22 June 1344 with
559:
Under his mother's influence, he began the expulsion of
885:
Rudolf I., der erste Habsburger auf dem deutschen Thron
852:), married on 23 January 1367 with Cecilia of Carrara (
973:
904:
Die Begräbnisstätten Wittenbergs und ihre Denkmäler
509:
Dynastic domains in the Holy Roman Empire 1273–1378
995:
1264:
963:, Verlag fĂĽr Berlin-Brandenburg, Potsdam, 2000,
859:– between 1430 and 1434), the daughter of
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
939:Geschichte der Sächsisch-Askanischen Kurfürsten
284:princess Agnes (1257–1322), a daughter of King
710:Electoral arms of the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg
1115:
831:(d. 1329). They had the following children:
761:Agnes (died 4 January 1338), married Prince
946:Das Franziskanermönchskloster in Wittenberg
927:, Drei Kastanien Verlag, Wittenberg, 1999,
781:Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duke of LĂĽneburg
316:
276:but gradually concentrated on the Ascanian
1122:
1108:
485:became extinct with the death of Margrave
425:
110:
998:Rudolf I. (Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg)
950:Die BistĂĽmer der Kirchenprovinz Magdeburg
880:, Little, Brown and Company, London, 1999
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
948:, in: Fritz BĂĽnger and Gottfried Wentz:
891:Die frĂĽhen Brandenburger und ihre Frauen
878:Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe
779:and Hedwig of Ravensberg; their son was
705:
504:
386:
240:– 12 March 1356), a member of the
920:, Fr. Wattrodt Verlag, Wittenberg, 1910
906:, P.Wunschmann Verlag, Wittenberg, 1896
1265:
1129:
1103:
701:
202:Wenceslaus I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
500:
18:
725:Albert (died young, on 4 July 1329)
721:. They had the following children:
13:
1020:Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
876:JirĂ Louda and Michael Mac Lagan:
756:Prince Waldemar I of Anhalt-Zerbst
548:, including the cities of Brietz,
248:from 1298 until his death. By the
198:Rudolf II, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
14:
1309:
989:
941:, Julius Sittenfeld, Berlin, 1884
899:, Hermann NeubĂĽrger, Dessau, 1845
466:, Louis's brother Count Palatine
264:Rudolf was the eldest son of the
777:William II of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
728:John (died young, in Wittenberg)
23:
974:Beck, Lorenz Friedrich (2005),
918:Geschichte der Stadt Wittenberg
897:Geschichte der Stadt Wittenberg
763:Bernhard III of Anhalt-Bernburg
638:territory in 1347, whereby the
540:, who had declared the emperor
1003:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
823:– 1350), married Eudoxia
714:Rudolf I married three times:
1:
1033:
913:, Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1795
870:
853:
842:
817:
798:
766:
745:
732:
606:
556:to him for a 12-year period.
234:
130:
1298:14th-century German nobility
1293:13th-century German nobility
996:Otto von Heinemann (1889), "
454:, and the Ascanian margrave
347:
7:
295:Upon the death of Margrave
10:
1314:
806:Władysław I the Elbow-high
787:Albert II of Anhalt-Zerbst
1273:Prince-electors of Saxony
1137:
1087:
1082:
1072:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1018:
1011:genealogie-mittelalter.de
473:The two kings met in the
394:Codex Balduini Trevirorum
217:
212:Albert II, Duke of Saxony
207:
193:
179:
167:
154:
139:
126:
118:
109:
98:
91:
1278:Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg
981:Neue Deutsche Biographie
32:This article includes a
1066:Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
959:Lorenz Friedrich Beck:
829:Henry II of Mecklenburg
772:– 20 August 1348)
758:(died 3 September 1367)
456:Waldemar of Brandenburg
426:Double election of 1314
259:
252:he was acknowledged as
246:Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
150:12 March 1356 (Aged 72)
100:Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
61:more precise citations.
1252:Frederick Augustus III
954:Das Bistum Brandenburg
909:Samuel Schalscheleth:
861:Francesco I da Carrara
711:
528:
446:, the legitimate King
398:
317:
288:, whom he had elected
189:Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin
1242:Frederick Augustus II
719:Otto V of Brandenburg
709:
644:Frankfurt an der Oder
534:Declaration of Rhense
508:
390:
159:Franciscan church in
1237:Frederick Augustus I
835:William (died young)
812:. They had one son:
672:bulla aurea Saxonica
663:district of Prague.
342:Albert I of Habsburg
297:Henry III of Meissen
183:Jutta of Brandenburg
1247:Frederick Christian
797:on 28 August 1328 (
795:Kunigunde of Poland
789:(1306 – 1362)
464:Henry II of Cologne
420:Henry of Luxembourg
286:Rudolf I of Germany
250:Golden Bull of 1356
186:Kunigunde of Poland
1131:Electors of Saxony
937:Georg Hirschfeld:
712:
702:Marriage and issue
688:All Saints' Church
573:All Saints' Church
529:
479:Holy Roman Emperor
475:Battle of MĂĽhldorf
440:Louis the Bavarian
399:
378:Frederick the Fair
290:King of the Romans
34:list of references
1260:
1259:
1098:
1097:
1090:Elector of Saxony
1073:Succeeded by
916:Richard Erfurth:
538:Pope Benedict XII
526: Wittelsbach
501:Imperial politics
487:Henry the Younger
468:Rudolf of Bavaria
416:Imperial election
372:to Albert's sons
254:Elector of Saxony
228:
227:
104:Elector of Saxony
87:
86:
79:
1305:
1192:John Frederick I
1124:
1117:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1056:Preceded by
1046:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1025:House of Ascania
1016:
1015:
1007:
985:
944:Gottfried Wenz:
923:Heinrich KĂĽhne:
902:Ernst Zitzlaff:
858:
855:
848:– 1388 in
847:
844:
822:
819:
810:Hedwig of Kalisz
803:
800:
771:
768:
750:
747:
737:
734:
546:March of Lusatia
525:
520: Luxembourg
519:
513:
460:Henry of Bohemia
444:Baldwin of Trier
362:Archimarescallus
320:
242:House of Ascania
239:
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174:House of Ascania
163:
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1212:Christian II
1172:Frederick II
1152:Wenceslaus I
1141:
1088:
1084:New creation
1083:
1064:
1042:
1030:
1023:
1001:
979:
960:
953:
949:
945:
938:
925:Die Askanier
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
890:
884:
877:
839:Wenceslaus I
826:
792:
716:
713:
681:
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633:
610:
558:
550:FĂĽrstenwalde
530:
472:
429:
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392:
361:
351:
323:
294:
263:
230:
229:
169:Noble family
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
1288:1356 deaths
1207:Christian I
1167:Frederick I
1037: 1284
976:"Rudolf I."
857: 1350
846: 1337
821: 1330
802: 1298
770: 1300
749: 1307
736: 1356
668:Golden Bull
661:Malá Strana
648:Mecklenburg
597:low justice
585:Renaissance
483:Brandenburg
436:Wittelsbach
328:, electing
318:cum annexis
238: 1284
134: 1284
59:introducing
1267:Categories
1162:Albert III
1157:Rudolf III
1070:1298–1356
952:, vol. 3:
871:References
692:Albert III
625:Charles IV
621:Luxembourg
607:Charles IV
601:Wittenberg
579:successor
565:Wittenberg
412:Albert III
397:, c. 1340)
374:Rudolf III
161:Wittenberg
146:1356-03-12
67:April 2017
1147:Rudolf II
1076:Rudolf II
1059:Albert II
742:Rudolf II
684:Rudolf II
656:Albert II
615:court in
348:Accession
292:in 1273.
270:Albert II
221:Agnes of
180:Spouse(s)
122:1298–1356
1202:Augustus
1142:Rudolf I
895:Meyner,
863:of Padua
816:Miesko (
613:Bohemian
595:rights,
358:Albert I
282:Habsburg
231:Rudolf I
223:Habsburg
93:Rudolf I
1197:Maurice
696:Meissen
636:Altmark
623:prince
593:coinage
554:Beeskow
495:Louis V
404:John II
382:Leopold
366:Austria
334:Gommern
305:Unstrut
303:on the
55:improve
1177:Ernest
1041:
967:
931:
670:, the
652:John I
650:lords
617:Prague
577:Wettin
569:Slavic
524:
518:
512:
410:, and
408:Eric I
370:Styria
354:regent
313:Brehna
274:John I
244:, was
218:Mother
208:Father
155:Buried
1094:1356
1043:Died:
1031:Born:
850:Celle
563:from
438:duke
268:duke
266:Saxon
194:Issue
119:Reign
40:, or
1187:John
965:ISBN
929:ISBN
654:and
640:Elbe
629:Bonn
561:Jews
552:and
491:fief
380:and
368:and
260:Life
140:Died
127:Born
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1034:c.
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854:c.
843:c.
818:c.
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767:c.
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733:c.
698:.
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344:.
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235:c.
131:c.
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1123:e
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1109:v
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