618:
576:
467:
118:
295:
529:
58:
666:
440:
271:
452:
482:
497:
Apart from acts of war, some important historic buildings have fallen victim to deliberate acts of destruction as a consequence of social, political and economic factors. The spoliation of public monuments in Rome was under way during the fourth century, when it was covered in protective legislation
625:
In the Middle Ages Roman ruins were inconvenient impediments to modern life, quarries for pre-shaped blocks for building projects, or marble to be burnt for agricultural lime, and subjects for satisfying commentaries on the triumph of
Christianity and the general sense of the world's decay, in what
590:
As a rule, towers built of steel are dismantled, when not used any more, because their construction can be either rebuilt on a new site or if the state of construction does not allow a direct reuse, the metal can be recycled economically. However, sometimes tower basements remain, because their
325:, has been destroyed and ransacked seven to ten times and subsequently rebuilt. Every ruler decided to build the city in their own way either overlapping the ruins or next to the ruins. Ruins of seven cities of Delhi can still be traced in the modern-day city.
147:'s architecture. The term refers to formerly intact structures that have fallen into a state of partial or total disrepair over time due to a variety of factors, such as lack of maintenance, deliberate destruction by humans, or uncontrollable destruction by
709:
720:) is the concept that a building be designed such that if it eventually collapsed, it would leave behind aesthetically pleasing ruins that would last far longer without any maintenance at all.
506:. The dismantling increased once popes were free of imperial restrictions. Marble was still being burned for agricultural lime in the Roman Campagna into the nineteenth century.
543:
In the 20th century, a number of
European historic buildings fell into ruin as a result of taxation policies, which required all structures with roofs to pay substantial
662:
that accompanied neoclassicism led some artists and designers to conceive of the modern classicising monuments of their own day as they would one day appear as ruins.
559:, deliberately destroyed their roofs in protest at, and defiance of, the new taxes. Other decrees of government have had a more direct result, such as the case of
751:
Ruins remain a popular subject for painting and creative photography and are often romanticized in film and literature, providing scenic backdrops or used as
68:
1007:
The
European career of the pleasure and pathos absorbed from the European contemplation of ruins has been explored by Christopher Woodward,
1073:
1112:
509:
In Europe, many religious buildings suffered as a result of the politics of the day. In the 16th century, the
English monarch
1058:
1038:
Ruins, Nostalgia and
Ugliness. Five Romantic perceptions of Middle Ages and a spoon of Game of Thrones and Avant-garde oddity
638:, and for a new aesthetic appreciation of their innate beauty as objects of venerable decay. The chance discovery of Nero's
255:
563:, in which the English parliament ordered significant destruction of the castle to prevent it being used by opposition
592:
102:
985:.3 (September 1986):379-397) especially "The status of Roman architectural marbles in the Middle Ages", pp. 387–90.
275:
634:, ruins took on new roles among a cultural elite, as examples for a consciously revived and purified architecture
811:
591:
removal can sometimes be expensive. One example of such a basement is the basement of the former radio mast of
514:
424:
298:
685:) were frequent object for painters, place of meetings of romantic poets, nationalist students etc. (e.g.
789:
A selection chosen for their picturesque value, appear in Simon
Marsden (photos), Duncan McLaren (text),
396:
617:
655:
513:
set about confiscating the property of monastic institutions in a campaign which became known as the
179:
148:
575:
283:
84:
376:– have been partially or completely ruined in recent years as a result of more localized warfare.
412:
199:
28:
17:
258:, houses and utility buildings, or entire villages, towns, and cities. Many ruins have become
926:
510:
939:
741:
721:
599:
670:
262:
in recent years, to identify and preserve them as areas of outstanding value to humanity.
8:
1033:
756:
466:
400:
259:
223:
567:. Ireland has encouraged the ruin of grand Georgian houses, seen as symbols of Britain.
117:
1078:
870:
769:
651:
456:
160:
1054:
552:
548:
231:
191:
1037:
328:
Although less central to modern conflict, vast areas of 20th-century cities such as
978:
See Dale Kinney, "Spolia from the Baths of
Caracalla in Sta. Maria in Trastevere",
764:
560:
380:
306:
251:
219:
211:
183:
175:
152:
27:
This article is about ruins in architecture. For other uses of Ruin and Ruins, see
686:
163:, with many structures becoming progressively derelict over time due to long-term
1022:
The
English Vision: the picturesque in architecture, landscape, and garden design
760:
729:
713:
499:
187:
121:
1107:
725:
694:
486:
460:
379:
Entire cities have also been ruined, and some occasionally lost completely, to
203:
174:
There are famous ruins all over the world, with notable sites originating from
136:
76:
1101:
1083:
627:
536:
428:
294:
247:
207:
43:
35:
345:
1074:
Robert
Ginsberg, The Aesthetics of Ruins (New York/Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004)
816:
806:
740:
was popularized in the 20th century by Albert Speer while planning for the
698:
544:
539:
ruined by removal of the roof after the Second World War to avoid taxation.
471:
444:
384:
353:
243:
215:
144:
528:
475:
840:
733:
678:
659:
643:
639:
631:
621:
In modern times ruins such as these are sought after for their aesthetics
305:
Ancient cities were often highly militarized and had fortified defensive
239:
227:
39:
871:"Nalanda University Ruins | Nalanda Travel Guide | Ancient Nalanda Site"
833:
827:
704:
525:
fell into ruin when their assets, including lead roofs, were stripped.
416:
164:
80:
665:
439:
399:
in the 1st century CE, and its uncovered ruins are now preserved as a
921:
850:
845:
606:
579:
532:
522:
341:
270:
168:
897:
752:
642:
at the turn of the sixteenth century, and the early excavations at
602:
may also be left behind, because removing them would be difficult.
564:
556:
503:
408:
365:
337:
235:
451:
690:
682:
647:
583:
490:
481:
420:
388:
373:
333:
314:
151:. The most common root causes that yield ruins in their wake are
1020:
Widely illustrated in this context, including in David Watkin,
755:
for other forms of decline or decay. For example, the ruins of
404:
369:
357:
349:
329:
279:
125:
732:
rotunda as a picturesquely overgrown ruin, that is an icon of
821:
518:
392:
361:
322:
318:
195:
287:
34:"Ruined" redirects here. For the play by Lynn Nottage, see
1092:
728:
in 1832 an atmospheric watercolor of the architect's vast
356:, and a number of major cities around the world – such as
940:
http://urban.cccb.org/urbanLibrary/htmlDbDocs/A036-C.html
310:
156:
669:
Ruins made-to-measure: the "Roman Ruin" in the park at
650:
had marked effects on current architectural styles, in
996:
Industrial ruins: spaces, aesthetics and materiality
570:
309:. In times of war, they were the central focus of
67:deal primarily with Europe and do not represent a
1099:
763:to create several paintings; in 1989 the ruined
238:. Ruins are of great importance to historians,
944:Postmortem City: Towards an Urban Geopolitics
598:The basements of large wooden towers such as
301:: Ruins in vicinity of Post and Grant Avenue.
65:The examples and perspective in this article
626:was assumed to be its last age, before the
609:" post-industrial ruins is in its infancy.
431:had left the city in almost complete ruin.
1079:Bibliography: Loss, Decay, Ending of Place
791:In Ruins: The Once Great Houses of Ireland
434:
143: 'a collapse') are the remains of a
103:Learn how and when to remove this message
664:
616:
574:
527:
480:
465:
450:
438:
293:
269:
116:
547:. The owners of these buildings, like
14:
1100:
767:in Scotland was used for filming of
246:, whether they were once individual
51:
1051:France in Ruins, Buildings in Decay
24:
895:
395:was completely destroyed during a
286:, the strongest earthquake in the
49:Remains of human-made architecture
25:
1124:
1067:
658:, respectively. The new sense of
593:Deutschlandsender Herzberg/Elster
571:Relics of steel and wooden towers
290:in terms of the number of victims
56:
1113:Former buildings and structures
1043:
1027:
1014:
1001:
896:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
988:
972:
960:
948:
933:
915:
889:
863:
812:Dissolution of the monasteries
783:
748:("The Theory of Ruin Value").
515:Dissolution of the Monasteries
38:. For the EP by Ceremony, see
13:
1:
856:
837:, an English poem about ruins
612:
425:1906 San Francisco earthquake
352:were left in ruins following
299:1906 San Francisco earthquake
1040:. Berlin: Logos Verlag. 2014
1011:(Chatto & Windus), 2001.
776:
413:completely destroyed in 1755
7:
800:
260:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
79:, discuss the issue on the
10:
1129:
793:, 1980, expanded ed. 1997.
502:and in new legislation of
33:
26:
582:ruins of former factory,
265:
124:, Ancient Greek ruins in
42:. For the 2023 film, see
284:1988 Armenian earthquake
957:, xv.1.14, 1.19, 1.43.
717:
674:
656:neoclassical interiors
654:at the Vatican and in
622:
605:The contemplation of "
587:
540:
494:
478:
463:
448:
435:Deliberate destruction
317:and ruined in defeat.
302:
291:
129:
29:Ruins (disambiguation)
1093:Ruin Memories Project
1088:The Pleasure of Ruins
994:But see Tim Edensor,
746:Die Ruinenwerttheorie
668:
620:
578:
531:
484:
469:
454:
442:
297:
276:Holy Saviour's Church
273:
222:sites throughout the
182:and other regions of
120:
759:in England inspired
742:1936 Summer Olympics
722:Joseph Michael Gandy
600:Transmitter Ismaning
256:ancient universities
85:create a new article
77:improve this article
757:Dunstanburgh Castle
551:(now restored) and
401:World Heritage Site
224:Mediterranean Basin
967:Novellae maioriani
955:Codex Theodosianus
824:, for garden ruins
675:
623:
588:
541:
495:
479:
474:, "Red Church" in
464:
449:
303:
292:
161:population decline
130:
1059:978-1-906137-23-6
875:Travel News India
744:and published as
681:ruins (mostly of
677:In the period of
549:Fetteresso Castle
397:volcanic eruption
381:natural disasters
321:, the capital of
252:places of worship
153:natural disasters
149:natural phenomena
113:
112:
105:
87:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
1120:
1061:
1047:
1041:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
980:The Art Bulletin
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
942:Stephen Graham,
937:
931:
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
898:"World Heritage"
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
877:. 5 October 2016
867:
794:
787:
765:Dunnottar Castle
712:
561:Beverston Castle
455:The 7th-century
108:
101:
97:
94:
88:
60:
59:
52:
21:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1098:
1097:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1049:Simon O'Corra:
1048:
1044:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1002:
993:
989:
977:
973:
965:
961:
953:
949:
938:
934:
920:
916:
906:
904:
894:
890:
880:
878:
869:
868:
864:
859:
803:
798:
797:
788:
784:
779:
730:Bank of England
708:
652:Raphael's Rooms
615:
573:
500:Theodosian Code
437:
268:
244:anthropologists
109:
98:
92:
89:
74:
61:
57:
50:
47:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1084:Macaulay, Rose
1081:
1076:
1069:
1068:External links
1066:
1063:
1062:
1053:, London 2011
1042:
1026:
1013:
1000:
987:
971:
959:
947:
932:
914:
902:whc.unesco.org
888:
861:
860:
858:
855:
854:
853:
848:
843:
838:
830:
825:
819:
814:
809:
802:
799:
796:
795:
781:
780:
778:
775:
726:Sir John Soane
724:completed for
701:in Slovakia).
695:Hambach Castle
614:
611:
572:
569:
487:Kajaani Castle
436:
433:
403:. The city of
391:in modern-day
311:armed conflict
267:
264:
248:fortifications
240:archaeologists
204:ancient Greece
192:ancient Israel
157:armed conflict
111:
110:
71:of the subject
69:worldwide view
64:
62:
55:
48:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1125:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1004:
997:
991:
984:
981:
975:
968:
963:
956:
951:
945:
941:
936:
929:
928:
923:
918:
903:
899:
892:
876:
872:
866:
862:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
835:
831:
829:
826:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
792:
786:
782:
774:
772:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:Bezděz Castle
684:
680:
672:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Second Coming
619:
610:
608:
603:
601:
596:
594:
585:
581:
577:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:Slains Castle
550:
546:
538:
537:Aberdeenshire
534:
530:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
492:
488:
483:
477:
473:
468:
462:
458:
453:
446:
441:
432:
430:
429:United States
426:
422:
418:
415:by a massive
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:ancient Roman
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
313:and would be
312:
308:
300:
296:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:sites in the
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:ancient India
217:
213:
212:ancient Yemen
209:
208:ancient Egypt
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:ancient India
181:
177:
176:ancient China
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
127:
123:
119:
115:
107:
104:
96:
86:
82:
78:
72:
70:
63:
54:
53:
45:
44:Ruined (film)
41:
37:
36:Ruined (play)
30:
19:
1087:
1050:
1045:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1008:
1003:
995:
990:
982:
979:
974:
966:
962:
954:
950:
943:
935:
925:
917:
905:. Retrieved
901:
891:
879:. Retrieved
874:
865:
832:
817:Ephemerality
807:Modern ruins
790:
785:
768:
750:
745:
737:
703:
699:Devin Castle
697:in Germany,
676:
635:
624:
604:
597:
589:
545:property tax
542:
508:
496:
472:Kızıl Kilise
445:Whitby Abbey
378:
354:World War II
327:
304:
200:ancient Iraq
188:ancient Iran
180:Indus Valley
173:
145:civilization
140:
132:
131:
114:
99:
93:October 2014
90:
66:
881:18 February
841:Romanticism
734:Romanticism
679:Romanticism
660:historicism
644:Herculaneum
640:Domus Aurea
636:all' antica
632:Renaissance
630:. With the
523:monasteries
307:settlements
40:Ruined (EP)
1102:Categories
857:References
834:Ozymandias
828:Ghost town
738:Ruinenwert
718:Ruinenwert
705:Ruin value
671:Schönbrunn
613:Aesthetics
586:, Michigan
511:Henry VIII
423:; and the
417:earthquake
346:Königsberg
342:Stalingrad
282:after the
169:scavenging
165:weathering
135:(from
1036:, Núria.
1024:, 1982:62
922:Max Weber
851:Slighting
846:Shipwreck
777:Footnotes
753:metaphors
710:‹See Tfd›
607:rust belt
580:Rust Belt
565:Royalists
533:Ury House
493:, Finland
485:Ruins of
476:Güzelyurt
470:Ruins of
457:Cathedral
447:, England
443:Ruins of
411:was also
81:talk page
1034:PERPINYA
1009:In Ruins
927:The city
907:19 March
801:See also
673:, c 1800
557:Scotland
504:Majorian
409:Portugal
387:city of
366:Sarajevo
338:Coventry
236:Americas
75:You may
998:, 2005.
969:, iv.1.
691:Bohemia
683:castles
648:Pompeii
584:Detroit
517:. Many
498:in the
491:Kajaani
427:in the
421:tsunami
389:Pompeii
374:Baghdad
334:Dresden
122:Salamis
1057:
930:, 1958
770:Hamlet
761:Turner
714:German
519:abbeys
405:Lisbon
383:. The
372:, and
370:Grozny
358:Beirut
350:Berlin
348:, and
330:Warsaw
315:sacked
280:Gyumri
266:Cities
226:, and
178:, the
159:, and
126:Cyprus
18:Ruined
1108:Ruins
822:Folly
461:Talin
393:Italy
362:Kabul
323:India
319:Delhi
232:Mayan
228:Incan
216:Roman
196:Judea
141:ruina
139:
137:Latin
133:Ruins
83:, or
1055:ISBN
909:2018
883:2017
646:and
521:and
419:and
288:USSR
274:The
242:and
230:and
194:and
167:and
689:in
555:in
489:in
459:in
407:in
278:in
1104::
1086:,
983:68
924:,
900:.
873:.
773:.
736:.
716::
693:,
595:.
535:,
368:,
364:,
360:,
344:,
340:,
336:,
332:,
254:,
250:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
202:,
198:,
190:,
186:,
171:.
155:,
911:.
885:.
707:(
128:.
106:)
100:(
95:)
91:(
73:.
46:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
