196:
368:
36:
493:'Adud al-Dawla began to grow concerned that his father would deny him the succession as senior amir. Although he had never been explicitly designated as successor, it was assumed that, as the eldest son, the position would be his upon Rukn al-Dawla's death. The fiasco in Iraq, however, cooled the relationship between the two. At this point, Abu'l-Fath attempted to reconcile them by arranging a meeting in Isfahan in January of 976.
1139:
474:
253:. During this time, Hasan distinguished himself in the battles over that province. Mardavij, however, marched south and forced 'Ali to recognize his authority in around 934. Hasan was sent to Madavij's court as a hostage. The death of Mardavij in 935 allowed Hasan to escape, and also provided an opportunity for the Buyids to expand into central Iran. 'Ali therefore sent Hasan to take
330:, al-Marzuban, became angry over a diplomatic insult sent to him by Mu'izz al-Dawla. He sought revenge against the Buyids by attempting to seize Ray from Rukn al-Dawla. The amir, however, convinced al-Marzuban by diplomatic measures to delay his expedition until his brothers sent him additional armies; he then sent an army under Abu Mansur which defeated al-Marzuban near
521:
Rukn al-Dawla's campaigns in central Iran were done almost entirely without the support of 'Imad al-Dawla. As a result of this, Rukn al-Dawla was in nearly all aspects independent of his brother. His coins bear only his name after that of the caliph's, and he was considered by contemporary sources to
525:
The failure of 'Imad al-Dawla to extend his authority over the Buyids of central Iran was later to present problems for the Buyid state, as the descendants of both brothers each considered themselves to be the best candidate for the senior emirate. This led to multiple independent rulers, destroying
489:
in 967. 'Izz al-Dawla had also recognized Rukn al-Dawla as senior amir, but he and 'Adud al-Dawla had a dislike of each other. 'Adud al-Dawla successfully destroyed the rebellion, but ended up deposing his cousin as well and proclaimed himself the ruler of Iraq. Rukn al-Dawla, however, vehemently
350:
and stayed there for at least nine months in order to secure his son's succession there, despite the fact that the
Samanids were threatening his own possessions. Mu'izz al-Dawla, meanwhile, accepted Rukn al-Dawla's position of senior amir and also sent troops to Shiraz to assist 'Adud al-Dawla.
354:
With his substantial territories in central Iran, as well as pledges to respect his authority by both Mu'izz al-Dawla and 'Adud al-Dawla, Rukn al-Dawla was now the most powerful ruler in the Buyid empire. The center of power therefore shifted from Shiraz to Ray. As a consequence of this, Rukn
410:
The fight between the Buyids and the
Ziyarids, along with their Samanid overlords over Gurgan and Tabaristan also continued until 955, with control of the provinces switching hands several times. Rukn al-Dawla was forced to sign a treaty with the Samanids, in which he promised to respect the
406:
However, an unnamed secretary of Abu Mansur, who had greatly helped him during his conquest of
Azerbaijan, felt insulted that he had chosen Ibn Mahmud as his minister instead of him, and shortly raised an army, and joined Daisam. Meanwhile, Abu Mansur, who was not used to the environment of
496:
The meeting proved to be a success, at least for 'Adud al-Dawla. Rukn al-Dawla may have been pressured to give in to his son's demands; in any case he agreed to name 'Adud al-Dawla as his successor to the senior amirate. All he asked for in exchange was that Ray would go to his second son,
272:
Although he did not receive much support from 'Ali, Hasan continued to be involved in central Iran. In 940 he recaptured
Isfahan, then defeated Vushmgir in battle and occupied Ray, which had been taken by the Samanids, in 943. Meanwhile, in 945 Hasan's brother Ahmad had managed to capture
407:
Azerbaijan, left the region with Ibn Mahmud, and returned to Ray, thus ending the short-lived Buyid rule over
Azerbaijan. In 952 or 953 al-Marzuban escaped, and after some fighting retook control of Azerbaijan. By 955, Rukn al-Dawla made peace with him, and married his daughter.
411:
independence of the
Ziyarids in exchange for peace. The peace did not last long, however; in 958 Vushmgir occupied Ray for a short time, while in 960 Rukn al-Dawla briefly gained control of Gurgan. In 962, the Buyids managed to take both Gurgan and Tabaristan for a short time.
529:
In terms of a capital, Isfahan at first served Rukn al-Dawla as his city of choice, and continued to be a favorite even after Ray was captured and the court was moved there. His successors would continue to use Ray as the capital. Like the other Buyids, Rukn al-Dawla was a
261:, were busy dealing with the Samanids, allowing the Buyid to easily take the city. This success did not last, however. Internal disruptions, combined with an invasion by Vushmgir, forced Hasan to abandon Isfahan to the Ziyarids three years later. In 940, he appointed
517:
Only a few months later, Rukn al-Dawla died. He was succeeded by his two younger sons in Ray and
Hamadan, while 'Adud al-Dawla claimed the senior emirate. 'Izz al-Dawla, however, refused to recognize this, paving the way for conflict between the two sides.
490:
protested this, claiming that the line of Mu'izz al-Dawla could not be removed from power. 'Adud al-Dawla's offer to his father to pay tribute for his possession of Iraq was rejected, and he reluctantly reinstated 'Izz al-Dawla and returned to Fars.
448:
as the ruler of the region. Abu 'l-Fadl shortly urged Rukn al-Dawla to depose
Ibrahim and impose direct Buyid control on the region. Rukn al-Dawla, however, declined his advice. In 970, Rukn al-Dawla sent Abu 'l-Fadl on an expedition against the
403:, betrayed him and joined Abu Mansur, who managed to successfully conquer Azerbaijan, and was shortly appointed as the governor of the region by Rukn al-Dawla. Ibn Mahmud was shortly appointed by Abu Mansur as his personal minister.
534:. While he recognized the authority of the caliph on his coins and allowed the caliph's name to be said in the Friday prayers, in all other aspects he ruled as a Shi'ite. On the other hand, he was no fanatic; he recognized that the
315:, a former Samanid general who had rebelled against them, took refuge in Ray, and was honored by Rukn al-Dawla, who, along with his brothers, greatly awarded him with riches. Rukn al-Dawla shortly sent Abu Mansur to
238:. 'Ali then managed to gain military positions for Hasan and their other brother Ahmad. At the time, Hasan was about thirty years old. When Makan attacked his Samanid overlords and was subsequently defeated by the
734:
The
Eclipse of the 'Abbasid Caliphate. Original Chronicles of the Fourth Islamic Century, Vol. V: The concluding portion of The Experiences of Nations by Miskawaihi, Vol. II: Reigns of Muttaqi, Mustakfi, Muzi and
464:
During the same period, Rukn al-Dawla's fighting with his rivals began to work in his favor, and he was able to sign a less humiliating treaty with the
Samanids in 971 or 972, though he continued to pay tribute.
522:
be an independent ruler. For the remainder of the Buyid presence in central Iran, the emirs there were either independent of the rest of the empire, or were the senior emirs that ruled the empire.
458:
355:
al-Dawla was able to request troops from the other Buyid rulers. His own position was not secure; during his time in Shiraz the governor of Samanid Khurasan seized
303:. Only in 946 or 947 was he able to make his return to Ray. He was, however, able to expand his territory after doing so, stripping Vushmgir of
801:
383:
In 949, Rukn al-Dawla sent Abu Mansur to Azerbaijan with orders to take control of the province. Marzuban's brother and the Sallarid ruler of
346:('Adud al-Dawla) as his successor. In September 949 he died, and Rukn al-Dawla claimed the title of senior amir for himself. He traveled to
400:
292:
of "Mu'izz al-Dawla", while 'Ali received the title of "'Imad al-Dawla". Hasan himself was bestowed with the title "Rukn al-Dawla".
441:. The next year, under the orders of Rukn al-Dawla, Abu 'l-Fadl conquered Azerbaijan, and restored Rukn al-Dawla's son-in-law the
1054:
943:
877:
853:
826:
1511:
249:
In the following years, 'Ali repudiated his subservience to Mardavij and, after some time, managed to create an empire in
429:
shortly marched towards an important Buyid library in Ray, which was, however, saved by Abu 'l-Fadl's chief librarian
967:
913:
769:
262:
1410:
1521:
1501:
1047:
953:
905:
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457:, who, however, died before he managed to deal with the latter. He was succeeded as vizier by his son
195:
1516:
1123:
779:
445:
425:
from Khorasan, plundered Jibal, and also managed to wound Rukn al-Dawla's vizier Abu 'l-Fadl. The
869:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
728:
509:. Both sons would recognize 'Adud al-Dawla as senior amir. The issue of Iraq was not discussed.
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Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume VII/4: Deylam, John of–Divorce IV. In modern Persia
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citizens of his empire must be protected in order to prevent internal discord.
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128:
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
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In around 928, Hasan's brother 'Ali joined the services of Makan, who was the
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In 974 Rukn al-Dawla sent 'Adud al-Dawla to suppress a large revolt against
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That same year, 945, saw Rukn al-Dawla expelled from all of central Iran by
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35:
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959:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume III: E–I′timād al-Dawla
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212:
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308:
154:
415:
Clash with the ghazis, the second invasion of Azerbaijan and aftermath
1200:
938:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 578–586.
848:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 342–347.
821:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 265–269.
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235:
204:
116:
78:
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the unity of the Buyid state and allowing for internal dissent.
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In around 948 'Imad al-Dawla named Rukn al-Dawla's eldest son,
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246:, the brothers transferred their allegiance to the latter.
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52:
19:
For the 19th-century governor who bore the same title, see
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936:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IV/6: Burial II–Calendars II
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433:. Rukn al-Dawla shortly sent an army under his nephew
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16:
10th century Buyid Amir of northern and central Iran
727:
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613:
337:
319:in order to protect Ray from an Samanid invasion.
391:, shortly sent an army under the Kurdish general
1488:
808:
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461:, who shortly managed to deal with Hasanwayh.
1048:
835:
553:
952:
836:Felix, Wolfgang; Madelung, Wilferd (1995).
676:
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1041:
800:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
395:, but the latter was forced to retreat to
363:First invasion of Azerbaijan and aftermath
165:(died September 976), better known by his
886:
811:"ʿAŻOD-AL-DAWLA, ABŪ ŠOJĀʾ FANNĀ ḴOSROW"
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661:
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472:
366:
194:
862:
577:
485:, who had succeeded Mu'izz al-Dawla in
1489:
892:"The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran"
731:; Margoliouth, David S., eds. (1921).
187:(c. 935-976). He was the son of Buya.
1036:
399:. Furthermore, the vizier of Daisam,
190:
872:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
809:Bürgel, Ch.; Mottahedeh, R. (1988).
788:Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition
512:
227:. He also had a sister named Kama.
219:. Hasan had an older brother named
179:: رکنالدوله دیلمی), was the first
13:
469:Rebellion, family issues and death
14:
1533:
1062:
1137:
34:
338:Senior ruler of the Buyid state
962:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 360.
650:Amedroz & Margoliouth 1921
638:Amedroz & Margoliouth 1921
614:Amedroz & Margoliouth 1921
1:
541:
477:The Buyid amirates in ca. 970
203:Hasan was the son of Buya, a
183:amir of northern and central
713:Bürgel & Mottahedeh 1988
223:and a younger brother named
7:
1512:10th-century Iranian people
784:"Meskawayh, Abu' Ali Aḥmad"
437:which managed to repel the
40:Bust of Rukn al-Dawla on a
10:
1538:
906:Cambridge University Press
762:Cambridge University Press
738:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
721:
299:, the governor of Samanid
257:. The Ziyarids, now under
18:
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505:would go to a third son,
419:In 966, a large group of
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48:
33:
28:
956:(1987). "Ibn al-′Amīd".
446:Ibrahim I ibn Marzuban I
263:Abu 'l-Fadl ibn al-'Amid
1019:?– September 976
748:"Iran under the Būyids"
459:Abu'l-Fath ibn al-'Amid
215:faith and converted to
1129:Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun
1119:Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun
478:
380:
200:
1124:Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah
476:
370:
198:
908:. pp. 198–249.
764:. pp. 250–305.
334:and imprisoned him.
199:Map of northern Iran
1522:People from Lahijan
715:, pp. 265–269.
640:, pp. 141–142.
556:, pp. 342–347.
322:In 948 or 949, the
313:Abu Mansur Muhammad
311:. Some time later,
66:935 – September 976
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1289:Musharrif al-Dawla
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191:Struggle for power
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1022:Succeeded by
996:Succeeded by
954:Zetterstéen, K.V.
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879:978-0-582-40525-7
855:978-1-56859-022-6
828:978-0-71009-115-4
796:cite encyclopedia
729:Amedroz, Henry F.
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277:, occupying the
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1255:
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1251:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1232:Majd al-Dawla
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:Rukn al-Dawla
1210:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
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1181:
1180:Baha al-Dawla
1178:
1176:
1173:
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1168:
1166:
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1155:
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1145:
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1127:
1125:
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1120:
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1112:
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1107:
1105:
1104:Baha al-Dawla
1102:
1100:
1097:
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1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:Imad al-Dawla
1082:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1069:
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1064:Buyid dynasty
1058:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
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1038:
1035:
1026:
1017:
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1004:
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989:
978:
971:
969:90-04-09789-9
965:
961:
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947:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
924:Nagel, Tilman
921:
917:
915:0-521-20093-8
911:
907:
904:. Cambridge:
903:
902:
897:
893:
889:
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881:
875:
871:
870:
865:
864:Kennedy, Hugh
861:
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839:
834:
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771:0-521-20093-8
767:
763:
760:. Cambridge:
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753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:
730:
726:
725:
714:
709:
702:
701:Bosworth 1975
697:
690:
689:Madelung 1975
685:
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673:
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663:
662:Bosworth 2002
658:
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634:
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626:Bosworth 1975
622:
615:
610:
603:
602:Madelung 1975
598:
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586:
579:
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566:Bosworth 1975
562:
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483:'Izz al-Dawla
475:
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431:Ibn Miskawayh
428:
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173:Rukn al-Dawla
170:
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114:September 976
113:
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97:
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89:
85:
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76:
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69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
29:Rukn al-Dawla
27:
22:
1467:Taj al-Dawla
1259:Izz al-Dawla
1211:
1012:
986:
958:
935:
900:
888:Madelung, W.
868:
845:
838:"DEYLAMITES"
818:
787:
756:
733:
708:
696:
684:
657:
645:
633:
621:
609:
597:
585:
578:Kennedy 2004
573:
561:
549:
528:
524:
520:
516:
495:
492:
480:
463:
438:
435:Ali ibn Kama
426:
420:
418:
409:
405:
382:
359:for a time.
353:
344:Fana Khusrau
341:
321:
294:
271:
248:
234:governor of
229:
202:
172:
166:
162:
161:
1351:Abu Kalijar
1299:Abu Kalijar
1190:Abu Kalijar
1114:Abu Kalijar
790:. New York.
286:al-Mustakfi
213:Zoroastrian
1507:898 births
1497:976 deaths
1491:Categories
1374:Tabaristan
1365:(976–1024)
1318:(966–1048)
1246:(945–1055)
1204:(943–1029)
1152:(940–1048)
1076:(934–1062)
542:References
401:Ibn Mahmud
373:Azerbaijan
328:Azerbaijan
309:Tabaristan
297:Ibn Muhtaj
155:Shia Islam
1471:Khuzestan
1414:(978-989)
1377:(980–997)
455:Hasanwayh
326:ruler of
205:Dailamite
71:Successor
928:"BUYIDS"
926:(1990).
890:(1975).
866:(2004).
782:(2002).
746:(1975).
501:, while
443:Sallarid
389:Wahsudan
377:Caucasus
324:Sallarid
301:Khurasan
259:Vushmgir
244:Mardavij
151:Religion
1362:Hamadan
934:(ed.).
898:(ed.).
844:(ed.).
817:(ed.).
754:(ed.).
722:Sources
532:Shi'ite
503:Hamadan
451:Kurdish
371:Map of
317:Damghan
275:Baghdad
265:as his
255:Isfahan
242:prince
240:Ziyarid
232:Samanid
209:Lahijan
177:Persian
88:Hamadan
1411:Jazira
1370:Gorgan
1149:Kerman
966:
942:
912:
876:
852:
825:
768:
453:ruler
439:ghazis
427:ghazis
422:ghazis
393:Daisam
385:Dailam
348:Shiraz
332:Qazvin
305:Gurgan
283:caliph
281:. The
267:vizier
143:Father
105:Daylam
42:dirham
1457:Basra
1014:Buyid
988:Buyid
930:. In
894:. In
840:. In
813:. In
750:. In
536:Sunni
397:Arran
357:Jibal
225:Ahmad
217:Islam
181:Buyid
168:laqab
163:Hasan
124:Issue
63:Reign
57:Jibal
50:Buyid
1475:980s
1461:980s
1372:and
1315:Oman
1243:Iraq
1073:Fars
1008:None
982:None
964:ISBN
940:ISBN
910:ISBN
874:ISBN
850:ISBN
823:ISBN
802:link
766:ISBN
735:Ta'i
487:Iraq
375:and
307:and
251:Fars
221:'Ali
185:Iran
146:Buya
111:Died
99:Born
86:(in
77:(in
53:Emir
1409:In
1360:In
1313:In
1241:In
1201:Ray
1199:In
1147:In
1071:In
236:Ray
171:as
117:Ray
102:898
79:Ray
55:of
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175:(
90:)
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23:.
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