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1346:. Unlike the State Duma, which consisted of representatives from hundreds of districts nationwide, the Federation Council was to act as more or less the voice of Russia's federated subdivisions. Early debate on its creation centered on whether or not the Federation Council should be elected at all. To solve some problems on the Council's first scheduled election in December, Yeltsin issued Presidential Decree No. 1628, on 11 October, stipulating that candidates for the first elections needed at least two percent, or 25,000 signatures—whichever was highest—of their oblast, republic, krai, autonomous okrug, or federal city population. This helped previous territorial elites remain within national politics. The decree also stipulated a single term of two years before new elections in 1995.
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provincial executive authorities. There will be two different election procedures, one for each member type. (Federal Law No. 229, art. 1.1.) A candidate for the
Senator from a constituent component's legislature must be a member of the component region's legislative assembly. Candidates are nominated by the chairman of the regional legislative assembly, by one party faction represented in the assembly, or by at least one-fifth of the assembly members. Then, the regional legislative assembly will vote to elect one of the nominated candidates.
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1365:. With the constitution now in effect after its successful passage, elections for the Council were to be franchised solely to territorial authorities, with one senator elected from the subject's legislature, and the other by the subject's executive branch. This was later codified in 1995 when the Council's first term expired.
1459:, the Federation Council "shall elect among its deputies the chairman of the Council." Some of the Chairman's official duties include presiding over sessions, formulating and introducing draft agendas, issuing orders and consulting with the Council's various committees, acting as the Council's official representative in the
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On 1 January 2013, the latest Law on the
Procedure to Form the Federation Council entered into force: according to the Law, the Federation Council consists of two delegates from each Russian constituent component, one representing the given region's legislative assembly and the other representing the
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would end. With the State Duma threatening to override a
Council veto, and Putin's threats to open federal criminal investigations against regional governors, the Council backed down and grudgingly supported the law in July 2000. Consequently, a wave of new Kremlin-friendly senators took the vacated
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Committees form a key component of the structure of the
Council. Sixteen committees and seven commissions exist for senators to consider legislation and policy on several issues ranging from foreign affairs, federal affairs, and youth and sports. Leadership in these committees are determined by the
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In 2001–2004 regional bodies were able to recall their senator by the same procedure by which they appointed them. Such recalls once occurred quite often. But a new law passed in
December 2004 required that the chairman of the Federation Council must first initiate a recall procedure. The procedure
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No. 1626, to take effect from 11 October 1993, "On
Elections to the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" and No. 1846, from 6 November 1993, "On Specification to the Resolution on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma and Resolution on Elections of Deputies to
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The regional executive authority representative, the second type of delegate to the
Federation Council, is appointed by the governor of that constituent component (or the head of that autonomous republic). The delegate is selected from among three people named by the candidates for the office of
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to the
Council, for a total membership of 178 Senators. In addition, the Constitution also provides for senators from the Russian Federation, which can be no more than 30 (up to seven of them for life), as well as (optionally) former presidents as life senators (as of 2020 there are no such life
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following
Yeltsin's resignation on 31 December 1999 brought many new changes to the Federation Council. As part of his top political goals in his first months of office in 2000, Putin proposed a reform law to change the makeup of the Council, which would allow regional governors to designate
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himself. These appointments could later be confirmed or rejected by the regional legislatures. The move further placed more control over the
Council by the executive branch, due to laws that stipulate that regional executives have a say in choosing delegates to the Federation Council.
1214:. Sessions of the Federation Council take place in Moscow from 25 January to 15 July and from 16 September to 31 December. Sessions are open to the public, although the location of sessions can change if the Federation Council so desires, and secure closed sessions may be convoked.
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According to Article 95, the Council comprises representatives of each Russian federal subject—two from each. The provincial legislature elects one senator, and the other is nominated by the provincial governor and confirmed by the legislature. Before 2000, all provincial
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and territorial governments who had initially supported what he viewed as a rebellious legislature, Yeltsin presented a new constitution. With the events of 1993 very much in mind, Yeltsin drafted a constitution that called for increased executive branch powers in
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a law passed by the State Duma, the two chambers are mandated to form a Conciliation Committee in order to form a compromise bill, on which both houses would have to vote again. A two-thirds majority of Duma deputies can override the Federation Council's veto.
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The Federation Council is viewed as the more formal chamber of the Federal Assembly. Because of its federalist design and its voting franchise being strictly limited to provincial elites, the Council is viewed as less susceptible to radical changes.
1225:) of the Federation Council is the third-highest position in the Russian Federation, after the president and the prime minister. In the case of incapacity of the president and prime minister, the chairman of the Federation Council becomes the
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Senators can retain membership in their respective parties. However, they are asked not to bring party factionalism to the floor itself. Since the reforms of 2000, the Council has enjoyed a significantly close relationship with the
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Since 2000, the Federation Council has largely remained a stable body. However, critics have charged that Putin's tactics in reforming the Council were blatantly undemocratic and anti-federal, arguing that the reforms created a
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For laws to pass the Federation Council, a vote of more than half of its 178 senators is required. When considering federal constitutional laws, three-fourths of the Council's votes are required for passage. If the Council
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governor/head of the concerned region. The winner of the gubernatorial/republican leadership election then appoints one of the three delegates previously named for appointment to the Council as a senator from said region.
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legislative structure, and granting the president increased executive powers. Following a war of words and acts of defiance from both sides, President Yeltsin abruptly ended the governmental power struggle by ordering the
1496:
The Federal Law defines the status of members of the Federation Council: "On Status of Members of the Council of Federation and Status of Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation".
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from arrest, detainment, and searches. In 2007 the law regarding the Federation Council was amended, and now a senator must have resided for at least ten years in the territory being represented.
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No.1400. The decree effectively scrapped constitutional reform then in discussion, as well as legally dissolving the Congress of People's Deputies, ordering its replacement with an entirely new
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Terms of membership in the Council are also not nationally fixed, due to the continuing territorial nature of the chamber. Terms are determined according to the regional bodies they represent.
2077:"Пост Председателя Совета Федерации РФ – это третий пост в стране. В случае недееспособности президента и премьера именно председатель верхней палаты парламента должен возглавить государство."
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and heads of provincial legislatures were also members of the Council. Upon President Putin's ascension to the Russian presidency, this practice was discontinued under pressure from the
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within the Federation Council. While the State Duma held many of the serious debates on Russian policy during this time, the Council became a lobby for regional interests, competing for
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on the part of regional leaders. The Council furiously resisted Putin's plan, conscious that their role in federal politics, their very ability to enjoy the fruits of living within
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2088:"Почему у нас третье лицо в государстве Председатель Совета Федерации? Потому что это федерация, он не распускается, он действует постоянно." - Сергей Шахрай
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1327:) to support an earlier draft of a replacement constitution to the 1978 document, this Federation Council was to become a permanent part of the legislature.
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of international treaties are to be considered by the Council after they have been adopted by the State Duma, where most legislation is introduced.
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The procedure of the formation of the Federation Council through elections held according to a majority system was defined by Presidential
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and a Federation Council. Although Yeltsin had created a Federation Council in July 1993 to gather regional representatives (except
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The Council's first elections were held on 12 December 1993, simultaneously with State Duma elections and a referendum on the new
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appointments, veto overrides, and a stronger executive security council. The constitution also called for the creation of a
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in 1913. The only exclusion to this was the first Federation council (1994–1996), which was elected on 12 December 1993.
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seats, with the full backing of Putin. The last of the dual senator-governors were rotated out of office in early 2002.
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An amendment to the law was approved in July 2014, which added 17 more senators who are nominated by the president.
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to disband all political factions, though the members are affiliated with some major Russian political parties.
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senators were to be elected. By 1995, using this constitutional anomaly, regional executives could sit
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councillors but not sit on the Council themselves, freeing it from what Putin saw as blatant personal
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The federal subjects of Russia include several not internationally recognized as part of Russia. The
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2129:Полномочным представителем Президента в Совете Федерации назначен Артур Муравьёв // Президент России
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Commission on Ways and Means of the Council of Federation's Constitutional Powers Implementation
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Council Chairman, who remains in correspondence with their findings. These committees include:
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2140:Руководство и основные должностные лица Администрации Президента России // Президент России
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The council holds its sessions within the Main Building on Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street in
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still in effect. Amidst the increasingly tense crisis, on 21 September, Yeltsin issued
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the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 1993".
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Following the crushing of the Congress of People's Deputies and other members of the
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2110:. Law Library of Congress (public domain text incorporated directly on to this page)
1878:(18 February 1994 – 10 February 1996; as Presidential Envoy to the Federal Assembly)
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Appointment of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber.
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Special powers that are accorded only to senators of the Federation Council are:
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Commission for Interaction with the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation
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Commission for the Council of Federation's Performance Maintenance Monitoring
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1206:. The two houses of the Federal Assembly are physically separated, with the
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1620:
1342:, the Federation Council would consist of two representatives from each of
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37:"Russian Senate" redirects here. For the Senate of the Russian Empire, see
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1691:, and of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federal government;
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were forbidden, following Mironov's election to the chairmanship and the
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436:(Formation process changed since December 1995, abolishing the elections)
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Commission on Standing Orders and Parliamentary Performance Organisation
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in September 2004, President Putin initiated a radical shakeup of the
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Committee for Science, Culture, Education, Public Health and Ecology
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of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of a
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and governmental structure reforms against the increasingly radical
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was instrumental in the creation of the Federation Council in 1993.
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The modern history of the Federation Council begins during the
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2104:"Russia: New Procedure to Form the Parliament's Upper Chamber"
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According to Article 98, all the members of the Council enjoy
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2164:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2005.
467:
1919:
List of deputy chairmen of the Federation Council of Russia
1780:
Committee on Northern Territories and Indigenous Minorities
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Committee on Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
1707:
1271:, as well as with its plans for a new constitution for the
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Official Website of the Chairman of the Federation Council
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30:"Federation Council" redirects here. For other uses, see
1805:
1747:
Committee on Financial Markets and Currency Circulation
1726:
delegation in Russia's Federation Council, July 3, 2018
1486:, helping to pass key legislation the Kremlin desires.
1202:), with further offices and committee rooms located on
1198:, the former home of the Soviet State Building Agency (
1683:
Approving the president's nomination of judges of the
1303:, the legislative building, between 2–4 October 1993.
2028:
2001:
1989:
1765:
Committee on Economic Policy, Business and Ownership
1533:, with its division of parties and leaders, in 2002
2157:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2001.
1816:
List of Chairmen of the Federation Council (Russia)
1753:
Committee on the Commonwealth of Independent States
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1756:Committee on Federal Affairs and Regional Policies
1641:of the President of the Russian Federation on the
1451:List of members of the Federation Council (Russia)
1603:The Council is charged with cooperating with the
1463:, and signing resolutions to be forwarded to the
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1663:outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
1827:is current Chairwoman of the Federation Council
1685:Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
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1995:
1870:Presidential Envoys to the Federation Council
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27:Upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia
3061:Chairmen of the Federation Council of Russia
2053:"Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation"
1696:Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation
1694:Approving the president's nomination of the
1247:before the Federation Council. May 21, 2002.
1812:Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)
1774:Committee on Food and Agricultural Policies
1680:of the President of the Russian Federation;
1630:Approval of changes in borders between the
1573:, forbidding governors to hold dual posts.
1368:The constitution, however, did not specify
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2183:Official Website of the Federation Council
2175:Official Website of the Federation Council
1227:Acting President of the Russian Federation
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1093:
179:
1659:Deciding on the possibility of using the
1551:provincial legislatures throughout Russia
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1718:
1607:in completing and voting on draft laws.
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1738:Committee on Judicial and Legal Affairs
1735:Committee on Constitutional Legislation
1689:Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
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1376:in both their regional executive posts
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1661:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
1363:Constitution of the Russian Federation
1210:residing in another part of Moscow on
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1806:Chairpeople of the Federation Council
1884:(10 February 1996 – 27 October 1998)
72:adding citations to reliable sources
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1841:(23 January 1996 – 5 December 2001)
1835:(13 January 1994 – 23 January 1996)
1672:President of the Russian Federation
1123:Federation Council Building in 2017
238:Constitutional Conference of Russia
32:Federation Council (disambiguation)
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1890:(7 December 1998 – 13 April 1999)
1865:(21 September 2011 – present day)
1741:Committee on Defence and Security
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2437:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2102:Roudik, Peter (4 January 2013).
1902:(5 April 2004 – 30 October 2013)
1847:(5 December 2001 – 18 May 2011)
1801:Commission on Natural Monopolies
1798:Commission on Information Policy
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3019:List of legislatures by country
909:United Nations Security Council
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3014:List of abolished upper houses
2155:Russia's Unfinished Revolution
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1936:
1853:(19 May – 21 September 2011) (
1795:Commission on Youth and Sports
1549:Unlike the State Duma and the
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457:26 Bol'shaya Dmitrovka, Moscow
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3137:1993 establishments in Russia
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1759:Committee on Local Government
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1619:, credit monitoring, and the
1455:As set in Article 101 of the
1265:Congress of People's Deputies
1050:Political abuse of psychiatry
904:Russia and the United Nations
1896:(12 May 1999 – 5 April 2004)
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1410:Beslan school hostage crisis
1143:. It was established by the
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3132:Federation Council (Russia)
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2002:
1990:
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1768:Industrial Policy Committee
1643:introduction of martial law
1387:The ascension of President
845:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
749:Central Election Commission
562:Presidential Administration
217:; 31 years ago
10:
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1950:were annexed in 2014, and
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1634:of the Russian Federation;
1474:The current chairwoman is
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1253:1993 Constitutional Crisis
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1141:Federal Assembly of Russia
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2018:
1996:
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1956:Luhansk People's Republic
1952:Donetsk People's Republic
1750:Foreign Affairs Committee
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1580:has not been used since.
1344:Russia's federal subjects
1299:to bombard and storm the
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1539:parliamentary procedures
1020:Administrative divisions
309:since 23 September 2020
287:since 25 September 2024
265:since 21 September 2011
1994:, common abbreviation:
1908:(Since 30 October 2013)
1762:Social Policy Committee
1439:Soviet of Nationalities
767:Gubernatorial elections
234:Soviet of Nationalities
2264:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1894:Vyacheslav Khizhnyakov
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1437:, similar to what the
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515:Russian Criminal Code
273:First Deputy Chairman
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2108:Global Legal Monitor
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1825:Valentina Matviyenko
1535:parliamentary groups
1476:Valentina Matviyenko
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1445:Officers and members
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258:Valentina Matviyenko
68:improve this article
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150:Federation Council
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2153:McFaul, Michael.
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1988:
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1071:Russia portal
886:Visa requirements
838:Foreign relations
790:Political parties
597:Mikhail Mishustin
525:Mental Health Law
473:
472:
438:
280:Vladimir Yakushev
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143:
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16:(Redirected from
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2873:Japan (pre-1947)
2868:Irish Free State
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2055:. Archived from
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2020:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1991:Sovet Federatsii
1983:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1940:
1461:Federal Assembly
1431:executive branch
1217:For purposes of
1204:New Arbat Avenue
1109:
1102:
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1069:
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1035:Accounts Chamber
825:Local government
810:Federal subjects
633:Federal Assembly
567:Security Council
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431:12 December 1993
403:Vacant seats (3)
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2148:Further reading
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1810:Main articles:
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1433:and the ruling
1338:Similar to the
1275:to replace the
1269:Russian economy
1257:Boris Yeltsin's
1235:
1221:, the speaker (
1150:Each of the 89
1131:, unofficially
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1080:Other countries
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1389:Vladimir Putin
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1245:Vladimir Putin
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2999:Unicameralism
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57:This article
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3091:
2994:Bicameralism
2958:Soviet Union
2948:South Africa
2813:East Germany
2763:Burkina Faso
2622:South Africa
2318:
2228:legislatures
2226:of national
2224:Upper houses
2178:(in Russian)
2161:
2154:
2135:
2124:
2114:21 September
2112:. Retrieved
2107:
2083:
2072:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:the original
2047:
2010:
1971:
1938:
1729:
1704:
1625:
1621:ratification
1609:Federal laws
1602:
1598:
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1423:
1407:
1400:, and their
1386:
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1329:
1305:
1297:Russian army
1284:Constitution
1281:Russian SFSR
1250:
1216:
1193:
1186:– sends two
1149:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1045:Human rights
1025:Armed forces
849:
724:Legal system
682:
665:
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639:
631:
590:
543:
510:Constitution
435:
161:
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66:Please help
61:verification
58:
2953:South Korea
2898:New Zealand
2828:El Salvador
2758:British Raj
2743:Afghanistan
2707:Puerto Rico
2697:Isle of Man
2612:Saint Lucia
2592:Philippines
2572:Netherlands
2507:Ivory Coast
2339:Switzerland
2329:South Sudan
1678:Impeachment
1611:concerning
1557:before the
1555:U.S. Senate
1529:Unlike the
1384:attention.
1191:senators).
1154:(including
1137:upper house
924:Union State
891:Visa policy
627:Legislature
395:Independent
199:Upper house
3126:Categories
2893:Mauritania
2783:Costa Rica
2725:Somaliland
2657:Uzbekistan
2632:Tajikistan
2547:Madagascar
2527:Kazakhstan
2063:2020-04-30
2040:References
1948:Sevastopol
1888:Yury Yarov
1715:Committees
1605:State Duma
1531:State Duma
1469:State Duma
1449:See also:
1374:ex officio
1353:President
1321:State Duma
1279:-era 1978
1261:neoliberal
1259:unpopular
1219:succession
1208:State Duma
1182:, and one
1040:Opposition
803:Federalism
667:State Duma
653:Chairwoman
609:Government
538:Presidency
251:Chairwoman
244:Leadership
94:newspapers
2973:Venezuela
2903:Nicaragua
2492:Indonesia
2249:Australia
2244:Argentina
2024:romanized
1985:romanized
1687:, of the
1668:elections
1567:governors
1545:Elections
1507:presidium
1501:Presidium
1465:president
1418:president
1317:bicameral
1242:President
1164:republics
1147:in 1993.
1135:, is the
881:Passports
868:in Russia
742:Elections
702:Judiciary
585:Executive
545:President
420:Elections
359:Communist
315:Structure
3095:(acting)
2928:Rhodesia
2918:Portugal
2883:Maldives
2833:Ethiopia
2667:Zimbabwe
2637:Thailand
2617:Slovenia
2587:Paraguay
2467:Eswatini
2432:Colombia
2417:Cameroon
2412:Cambodia
2382:Barbados
2314:Pakistan
2294:Malaysia
2279:Ethiopia
1966:in 2022.
1913:See also
1632:subjects
1517:, and a
1511:chairman
1491:immunity
1429:for the
1394:cronyism
1325:Chechnya
1223:chairman
1200:Gosstroy
1188:senators
1174:, three
851:Minister
684:Chairman
520:Tax Code
2987:Related
2938:Senegal
2923:Prussia
2848:Hungary
2818:Ecuador
2803:Denmark
2788:Croatia
2748:Austria
2735:Defunct
2692:Bermuda
2652:Uruguay
2602:Romania
2562:Namibia
2557:Myanmar
2552:Morocco
2542:Liberia
2537:Lesotho
2512:Jamaica
2497:Ireland
2482:Grenada
2407:Burundi
2402:Bolivia
2387:Belarus
2377:Bahrain
2372:Bahamas
2362:Algeria
2354:Unitary
2324:Somalia
2309:Nigeria
2284:Germany
2259:Belgium
2254:Austria
2236:Federal
2026::
2015:Russian
1987::
1976:Russian
1670:of the
1613:budgets
1571:Kremlin
1513:, four
1484:Kremlin
1467:or the
1382:federal
1332:Decrees
1308:federal
1292:federal
1233:History
1178:, four
1170:, nine
1168:oblasts
1139:of the
987:Ukraine
972:Finland
895:history
673:Members
647:Members
462:Website
415:5 years
220: (
212:Founded
207:History
108:scholar
2968:Turkey
2963:Sweden
2943:Serbia
2843:Greece
2773:Ceylon
2607:Rwanda
2597:Poland
2522:Jordan
2472:France
2397:Bhutan
2392:Belize
2319:Russia
2299:Mexico
2274:Canada
2269:Brazil
2003:Sovfed
1997:Совфед
1855:acting
1708:vetoes
1650:decree
1639:decree
1595:Powers
1398:Moscow
1277:Soviet
1196:Moscow
1133:Senate
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304:,
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2888:Malta
2878:Libya
2823:Egypt
2778:China
2768:Burma
2662:Yemen
2627:Spain
2582:Palau
2567:Nepal
2532:Kenya
2502:Italy
2487:Haiti
2477:Gabon
2457:Egypt
2427:Chile
2334:Sudan
2304:Nepal
2289:India
2030:Senat
2019:Сенат
1930:Notes
1172:krais
1166:, 48
982:India
977:China
944:BRICS
351:(136)
320:Seats
115:JSTOR
101:books
3065:List
2913:Peru
2858:Iraq
2853:Iran
2838:Fiji
2793:Cuba
2577:Oman
2422:Chad
2116:2014
1962:and
1946:and
1814:and
1505:The
1158:and
1127:The
997:NATO
949:APEC
929:EAEU
601:list
554:list
397:(27)
377:LDPR
222:1993
215:1993
193:Type
188:Type
87:news
1378:and
1370:how
959:G20
954:EAS
939:SCO
934:CIS
503:Law
388:(2)
379:(3)
370:(3)
361:(4)
323:177
70:by
3128::
2106:.
2094:^
2021:,
2017::
2000:,
1982:,
1978::
1958:,
1954:,
1615:,
1521:.
1478:.
1471:.
1229:.
992:EU
914:P5
866:/
854::
687::
656::
3067:)
3063:(
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