1395:
1408:
1424:
184:
1456:
1086:
29:
1101:, the legal successor of the USSR. In 1992 the service was renamed as the 'Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation' —Главное управление навигации и океанографии Министерства Обороны Российской Федерации (ГУНиО Минобороны России). Depending from their location, some of the vessels of the Soviet Hydrographic Service managed to be released and join the navies of the newly-formed republics after the breakup of the USSR. These ships were usually renamed and overhauled or transformed before being put into use, for example the GS-13 small hydrographic vessel that had been launched in 1986 in
707:
1382:
723:
747:
766:
1440:
739:
731:
317:
453:
309:
246:
480:
461:
963:
marked by an increased international prominence of the 'General
Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense'. Since then the Hydrographic Service of the USSR officially represented the interests of the Soviet Union —in the same manner that the organization that replaced it in later years would do for the Russian Federation— in the
1589:
506:
1902 a new building with a photographic department, including a workshop introducing innovative photographic reproduction techniques, was built within the premises of the Main
Hydrographic Office. By 1904 the new techniques had been mastered by the staff and high-quality material began to be printed.
1131:
In 2006 the name of the
Russian Hydrographic Service would be changed to 'Department of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation' —Управление навигации и океанографии Министерства Обороны Российской Федерации (УНиО Минобороны России), its current official name.
326:
In 1777 the
Admiralty Board founded the Russian Hydrographic Service, implementing a plan that marked the beginning of systematic drawing of nautical charts. In 1799 a committee for the dissemination of marine sciences and the improvement of the drawing of charts was created, and in 1807 the Russian
1184:
The vessels operating for the
Russian Hydrographic Service have been historically of two orders or categories. To the first category belong those vessels that were built specifically as survey ships, of which there are different classes, and to the second, other kind of vessels of the Russian Navy
505:
1886 saw the establishment of the meteorological department. In 1891 the fields of drawing, engraving, lithography and printing were integrated into the maritime cartography section and from 1897 this section began successful experiments printing nautical charts using aluminum printing plates. In
962:
dictated priorities, the
Hydrographic Office of the Navy was overhauled and transformed into the 'General Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR' —Главное управление навигации и океанографии Министерства обороны СССР (ГУНиО МО). The 1970–1980 decade was
774:
833:
in 1926, was the last blank area on the vast map of the Soviet Union. Vilkitsky's expedition, which in 1913 sighted and surveyed a section of the eastern coastline of what he assumed was a single landmass, had to concentrate on the
Siberian continental shore in order to prepare the way for the
857:. In 1937 the 'Hydrographic Office UVMS Red Army' was renamed the "Hydrographic Office of the Workers' and Peasants' Navy" —Гидрографическое управление Рабоче-крестьянского Военно-морского флота (РК ВМФ). The design of the flags and pennants used by the office also underwent changes.
793:, ensured that the service returned to normality. Czarist names and symbols were quickly removed, the former hydrographic institution being renamed as the 'Main Hydrographic Office of the Russian Republic' —Главное гидрографическое управление Российской Республики.
334:
In 1827 the special Office of the
Hydrographer General was established. In the same year the Corps of Naval Navigators was founded, the chief of which was also a hydrographer. The first and only general of the newly-instituted body was hydrographer Admiral
1610:С этой чертежной началось централизованное производство морских карт в России, а дата утверждения штата чертежной — 2 (13) ноября 1777 г. — является датой основания ныне существующего Центрального картографического производства Военно-Морского Флота.
815:" (UVMS Hydrographic Department of the Red Army) —Гидрографический отдел Управления Военно-морских сил Рабоче-крестьянской Красной Армии. In 1927 the name was simplified to 'Hydrographic Office UVMS Red Army' —Гидрографическое управление УВМС РККА.
327:
Lighthouse
Administration was established so that the lighthouse system in Russian shores, shoals and islands would follow an organized pattern and be provided with regular, state-controlled maintenance. The first director of this section was
2655:
2014:
906:
The technological leap of that decade would impose a radical change in the navigational, hydrographic and hydrometeorological support of the Navy. During this period the need for innovative and detailed survey and mapping of the Earth's
811:' and a set of new flags and pennants was issued. Barely two years later, in September 1926, the office underwent another name change; the new name was "Hydrographic Department of the Office of Naval Forces of the Workers' and Peasants'
2690:
1185:
that, although not especially built for the purpose, have eventually engaged in survey operations. The latter usually undertook surveys for specific periods of time during their naval service, such as the a four-masted tall ship
2555:
350:
In 1837 the former institutions dealing with hydrography were abolished and all the management of the hydrographic section was transferred to the newly-instituted
Russian Hydrographic Department, the directors of which were:
1394:
404:
The Hydrographic Office engaged in the periodical publication of notes, devoted both to hydrographic information, as well as information on other sectors of naval affairs. The committee, established in 1799, published:
490:
In 1885 the Russian Hydrographic Department was overhauled and renamed as 'Main Hydrographic Office' —Главное гидрографическое управление (ГГУ)— of the Admiralty. Its chief was the former director in charge of the
299:
in 1752. Nagayev's charts were very detailed for its time and, despite a few shortcomings, his atlas of the Baltic Sea was republished in 1757, 1788, 1789 and 1795, serving Russian mariners for more than 50 years.
2781:
151:
Since the Russian state is of such a vast size and nature that it includes many different seas, long and indented coastlines and a great number of islands, as well as a complex system of waterways and lakes,
2650:
788:
against the Imperial Government, the Hydrographic Office slowly returned to its duties as the situation calmed down and the Soviet takeover was completed. The work and dedication of hydrographers such as
2379:
1700:Александр Васильевич Колчак : Учёный и патриот : в 2 ч. / В. В. Синюков; отв. ред. А. П. Лисицын ; Ин-т истории естествознания и техники им. С. И. Вавилова РАН. — М.: Наука, 2009. —
919:, became of the utmost importance for the Hydrographic Service of the Soviet Union. At that time, using its survey vessels, the department spearheaded a comprehensive study of large areas of the
2084:
2019:
2707:
1292:
2802:
2593:
1025:
777:
199:
Despite having undergone a number of name changes along its history, the main functions of the Hydrographic Service of the Russian Navy have been quite consistently the following:
1930:
1019:
676:
386:
1407:
2665:
340:
1423:
1274:
1061:
1889:
694:
2819:
2637:
1979:
1160:
1049:
392:
380:
860:
In 1940 the Hydrographic Office was renamed 'Hydrographic Office of the Navy' —Гидрографическое управление ВМФ. The following year, owing to the dire situation of the
499:
1298:
207:, related to the Russian maritime and coastal areas, as well as navigable inland waters. These services are of a strategic order and encompass the following fields:
1222:
374:
355:
2369:
1957:
790:
2611:
1358:
1240:
1067:
1923:
1166:
1154:
682:
483:
2670:
1055:
968:
887:
as part of the strategical aims of the Soviet fleet. These submarines were designed to be able to navigate in all areas of the oceans, including in the
879:
In postwar times, after the initial period of reconstruction was over, the Soviet Navy began the challenging task of creating an oceanic fleet carrying
2869:
2374:
2849:
2364:
2104:
1037:
1031:
986:
1364:
1128:
was restored. In 2001 a new regulation introduced slight alterations in the symbols that had been adopted in 1992 following the fall of the USSR.
2435:
2405:
1986:
1916:
1398:
1352:
1313:
1279:
1172:
1013:
998:
830:
2728:
2602:
1443:
1210:
1204:
1073:
992:
838:
and he had no means to make a comprehensive survey further north. Finally a hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Institute of the USSR led by
1346:
1340:
1334:
1329:
1319:
1308:
1270:
1234:
1228:
1216:
1303:
2009:
2695:
2046:
2001:
1625:
972:
624:
2092:
2061:
1682:
2733:
2134:
2114:
1845:
L. Sergeeva (Baltic Fishing Fleet State Academy, Kaliningrad, Russia): Academic and research activities on board STS «Krusenstern»
1745:
Unknown Waters: A First-Hand Account of the Historic Under-ice Survey of the Siberian Continental Shelf by USS Queenfish (SSN-651)
800:(Убек) were established for the management of navigation safety measures. The Ubek regulated the particular hydrographic zone —in
1486:
1246:
964:
172:
1886:
2859:
2844:
2786:
2079:
1991:
1662:
804:
for example it was 'Ubek-North'— as part of the unified local authority directly responsible to the central Soviet government.
2056:
1847:
1705:
276:. Hydrographic tasks were always performed by Naval officers, who from 1724 onward began to work under instructions from the
1455:
1132:
Russian military presence in Arctic waters resumed in the summer of 2013 when Hydrographic Service vessels belonging to the
183:
2410:
2124:
1481:
640:
2568:
2286:
2139:
1974:
873:
635:
The period between 1885 and 1917 was characterized by full-scale construction and modernization of lighthouse equipment,
232:
Navigation and hydrographic support of maritime activities within Russian waters and implementation of the international
2660:
2550:
2457:
1752:
1260:
2864:
2738:
1817:
1640:
1881:
2874:
2712:
2523:
2178:
2163:
1476:
1144:. The area had been neglected by the armed forces for a long time in the years that followed the fall of the USSR.
277:
259:
1719:"Депутаты Законодательного собрания Красноярского края против переименования островов архипелага "Северная Земля""
2097:
1094:
344:
320:
2528:
2513:
846:
thoroughly surveyed the large Severnaya Zemlya archipelago in 1930–32, making it the last sizable territory on
2430:
2188:
1565:
Department of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation – Russian Navy
1491:
1097:, the 'General Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of Defense of the USSR' would be placed under the
2807:
2632:
2149:
1967:
1962:
1544:
876:
in order to deal more effectively with the emergency matters caused by the war in Russian soil and waters.
92:
2051:
884:
528:
and other guidance materials for safe navigation, as well as making periodical corrections —when needed.
2771:
2743:
2247:
2193:
2183:
1264:
1085:
28:
853:
In 1935 the Ubek were replaced by hydrographic offices subordinate to the commander of the fleets and
2273:
2260:
2234:
821:
first partially charted by Boris Vilkitsky in 1913, but still not fully surveyed when it was renamed
1381:
156:
has been an indispensable activity for the Russian Navy since its modernization at the time of Czar
2675:
2645:
2493:
2467:
2208:
1536:
1496:
818:
1581:
706:
2812:
2588:
2583:
2415:
2167:
2109:
581:
1877:
The Siberian Sea Road: The Work of the Russian Hydrographical Expedition to the Arctic 1910–1915
347:. The first and only director of the hydrographic depot was F. F. Schubert (in office 1827–37).
2685:
2656:
Main Organizational-Mobilizational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces
2616:
2474:
2462:
2341:
2172:
2129:
2066:
1898:
722:
1862:
1501:
124:
Department of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
2854:
2420:
2396:
2334:
1116:
Although the basic designs were left unchanged, prominent Communist-era symbols —such as the
577:
559:
502:, who was also the chairman of the Maritime Scientific Committee —Морского учёного комитета.
362:
233:
1619:
2879:
2766:
2518:
1939:
1774:
1147:
The heads of the Hydrographic Service of the Russian Federation in recent times have been:
654:
339:(in office 1827–31), after whose death the management of the office was transferred to the
204:
1679:
8:
2506:
2425:
1953:
1887:
Department of Navigation and Oceanography. Of the Russian Federation. Ministry of Defence
1516:
1186:
1125:
1124:, were removed from the flags of the Russian Hydrographic Service and the blue and white
861:
765:
746:
658:
569:
in order to gather relevant navigational, astronomical, magnetic, and other observations.
544:
141:
137:
1778:
1564:
807:
In 1924 the Hydrographic Office was renamed the 'Central Hydrographic Department of the
2346:
2119:
1790:
1506:
1098:
785:
711:
525:
412:
55:
1439:
1411:
Survey ship Admiral Vladimirsky (1975) of the Hydrographic Service of the Soviet Union
2501:
1813:
1748:
1701:
1117:
1106:
944:
843:
835:
328:
188:
160:
in the 17th century. The hydrographic service has been historically attached to the
2324:
2240:
1782:
1141:
1102:
1043:
1004:
769:
Flag on hydrographic and lightships (1950–1964); and hydrographic ships (1964–1992)
688:
368:
316:
220:
1903:
1844:
738:
730:
2701:
2319:
1893:
1851:
1686:
1629:
892:
647:
598:
536:
336:
283:
By 1746 important matters concerning hydrography were entrusted to Fleet Captain
273:
265:
157:
951:, and hydrophysical characteristics of the water masses, among other pioneering
81:
Sergey V. Travin, Head of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defence
2329:
1427:
1133:
1110:
948:
936:
916:
880:
839:
754:
715:
669:, and gathered as well a vast amount of oceanographic and meteorological data.
612:
605:
540:
284:
145:
65:
639:
technology and improvements in the printing of nautical charts. The 1910–1915
2838:
2651:
Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces
2266:
2253:
1137:
952:
924:
912:
900:
573:
The jurisdiction of the Main Hydrographic Office included the management of:
165:
129:Управление навигации и океанографии Министерства обороны Российской Федерации
479:
2449:
2314:
932:
928:
888:
644:
496:
161:
96:
452:
308:
2292:
2000:
1460:
1431:
801:
758:
492:
468:
464:
214:
203:
Providing specific services to the Navy, including other branches of the
78:
1651:
1459:
Viktor Faleyev hydrographic survey vessel. Launching ceremony (2011) in
726:
Flag on hydrographic vessels not commanded by naval officers (1924–1935)
2776:
2279:
1908:
1794:
1386:
940:
908:
865:
750:
651:
548:
532:
296:
292:
210:
164:
and the agents and supervisors of hydrographic works have been largely
1876:
245:
2227:
2221:
1447:
826:
591:
225:
153:
1786:
1765:
Barr, William (1975). "Severnaya Zemlya: the last major discovery".
2542:
1601:
Navy Hydrographic Service – Structure – Russian Ministry of Defence
1511:
1121:
959:
920:
854:
812:
773:
620:
616:
585:
555:, signals, and other warning devices to improve navigation safety.
2803:
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces
1904:
Hydrographic vessel "Senezh" completed the Arctic expedition (ru)
666:
662:
636:
628:
566:
473:
1718:
509:
The duties of the Hydrographic Department at the time included:
236:
Convention regulations in the waters under Russian jurisdiction.
2666:
Main Military-Political Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces
2646:
Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (GRU)
2214:
1975:
Chief of the General Staff and First Deputy Minister of Defence
976:
883:. The 1960–1970 decade saw the introduction and development of
869:
784:
After the initial period of instability that followed the 1917
269:
133:
1519:, allegedly one of the first hydrographic documents in Russia.
1322:(Yug class), 9 ships built; includes hydrographic survey ship
1189:, which performed hydrographic surveys between 1961 and 1965.
796:
Between 1918 and 1922 hydrometeorological service units named
460:
442:
Annual reports of the Director of the Hydrographic Department.
1863:Гидрографическое судно «Сенеж» проекта 862 Северного флота РФ
971:, as well as the interests of the Ministry of Defence in the
896:
847:
661:
mapped the last blank areas of the northern coast of Eastern
521:
288:
33:
Flag of hydrographic vessels of the Russian Navy (since 2001)
1080:
2680:
808:
552:
447:
192:
140:, with responsibility to facilitate navigation, performing
1807:
868:
in the Hydrographic Department of the Navy was formed in
517:
303:
268:
hydrographic surveys were carried out following personal
2601:
982:
The heads of the Hydrographic Service of the USSR were:
195:
entrance is one of the tallest lighthouses in the world.
742:
Pennant of the Commander of a hydrographic unit (1935–)
1664:
150 лет гидрографической службе военно-морского флота.
1089:
Flag of hydrographic ships and lightships (1992–2001)
903:
and other modernized signal systems were introduced.
2395:
969:
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
2820:Military training centers of civilian universities
1833:История Гидрографической службы Российского флота.
1680:The Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition 1910–1915
1882:Hydrographic Society Russia – Hydro International
1810:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995
1225:(T-1415 Project), middle-sized hydrographic boats
895:. In the field of navigation, during this period
2836:
701:
672:The heads of the Main Hydrographic Office were:
1219:(G376 Project), middle-sized hydrographic boats
665:—which were the last unmapped coastal areas of
2782:Military departments of civilian universities
2681:Main Missile and Artillery Directorate (GRAU)
1924:
1764:
1604:
1372:
127:
1899:Military History of the Cold War – Spy Ships
1826:
1808:Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen (1995).
1385:Hydrographic survey ship Iney (1909) in the
178:
955:information of the oceans, were collected.
456:Flag of the Main Hydrographic Office (1885)
2002:Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces
1931:
1917:
1634:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1430:hydrographic survey ship Senezh (1979) in
973:Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
2870:1777 establishments in the Russian Empire
1613:
1590:Министерство обороны Российской Федерации
1249:(16830 Project), small hydrographic boats
1213:(19920 Project), large hydrographic boats
1081:The Russian Federation (from 1992 onward)
935:, as well as of the then little explored
734:Pennant flown on Ubek vessels (1924–1935)
422:"Notes of the State Admiralty Department"
2850:Scientific organizations based in Russia
2105:Main Building of the Ministry of Defense
1938:
1758:
1691:
1454:
1438:
1422:
1406:
1401:hydrographic survey ship Cheleken (1970)
1393:
1380:
1254:
1243:(1403 Project), small hydrographic boats
1084:
943:. As a result, a huge volume of data on
772:
764:
745:
737:
729:
721:
705:
478:
459:
451:
448:The Main Hydrographic Office (1885–1917)
315:
307:
244:
182:
2039:
2015:Commander of the Missile Defence Forces
1987:Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces
1711:
1569:
1558:
1487:Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
1267:(only ship built; no longer in service)
1197:
965:International Hydrographic Organization
831:Central Executive Committee of the USSR
558:Supply of military tools such as maps,
436:"Notes of the Hydrographic Department."
312:Flag of the Hydrographer General (1828)
173:International Hydrographic Organization
2837:
2787:Military academies in the Soviet Union
2556:Special Forces of the Main Directorate
1835:Т.4. — Спб.: Издание ГУНиО МО РФ, 1997
1675:
1673:
1656:
304:Foundation and first phase (1777–1885)
1912:
1529:
1446:hydrographic survey ship BGK-2090 in
2691:Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks
1747:, University of Alabama Press 2008,
1482:Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition
641:Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition
590:The Russian Maritime Observatory in
565:Inspection and evaluation of ships'
2708:Central Television and Radio Studio
2676:Main Directorate of Military Police
2569:Reserve of the Supreme High Command
1670:
1192:
1010:Sergei Blinov (1926–1928), 2nd term
562:, signals manuals and other guides.
531:Erection and proper maintenance of
13:
2661:National Defense Management Center
601:on the shores of the Russian seas.
513:Planning and carrying out surveys.
495:and navigation of the Baltic Sea,
14:
2891:
2696:Main Military Medical Directorate
1870:
1812:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1285:
429:"Notes of the Hydrographic Depot"
109:Russian Lighthouse Administration
2713:Rear of the Russian Armed Forces
1477:Admiralty Board (Russian Empire)
584:workshops in St. Petersburg and
260:Admiralty Board (Russian Empire)
27:
1856:
1838:
1801:
1737:
1641:Russian Hydrography before 1917
1095:dissolution of the Soviet Union
399:
2514:Air and Missile Defense Forces
2115:Military-Industrial Commission
1992:Commander-in-Chief of the Navy
1645:
1273:, 6 vessels built, including
22:Гидрографическая служба России
1:
2860:National hydrographic offices
2845:Government agencies of Russia
2411:Missile Troops and Artillery
2020:Commander of the Space Forces
1622:Lighthouses of the Baltic Sea
1582:"Гидрографическая служба ВМФ"
1523:
1492:List of lighthouses in Russia
1109:when it was made part of the
702:The Soviet period (1917–1992)
253:
122:, full current official name
2808:Military academies in Russia
885:ballistic missile submarines
606:maritime semaphore telegraph
120:Russian Hydrographic Service
17:Russian Hydrographic Service
7:
2358:Military ranks and insignia
2080:Weapons of mass destruction
1666:Исторический очерк. 1977 г.
1470:
272:of the emperor through the
10:
2896:
2744:Future of the Russian Navy
2194:Kaliningrad Special Region
2010:Commander of the Air Force
1958:Supreme Commander-in-Chief
1537:"Травин Сергей Викторович"
1420:
1378:
1373:Images of selected vessels
1237:, small hydrographic boats
1231:, small hydrographic boats
1207:, large hydrographic boats
1179:
874:Chief of the General Staff
337:Gavril Andreevich Sarychev
257:
240:
171:Russia is a member of the
2795:
2759:
2752:
2721:
2629:
2594:Electronic Warfare Troops
2577:
2551:Special Operations Forces
2541:
2492:
2448:
2388:
2357:
2307:
2201:
2157:
2148:
2032:
1946:
1725:(in Russian). 27 May 2007
179:Competences and functions
128:
102:
88:
71:
61:
51:
43:
38:
26:
21:
2865:Lighthouse organizations
2729:Ground Forces' equipment
2524:Aerospace Defence Forces
2089:General Staff buildings
1497:List of Russian admirals
1151:Yuri Zheglov (1988–1994)
819:Emperor Nicholas II Land
582:navigational instruments
249:Russian Admiralty (1716)
168:throughout its history.
2875:Surveying organizations
2813:Suvorov Military School
2589:Strategic Rocket Forces
1652:Lightship "Nekmangrund"
381:G. A. Vevel von Krieger
287:who compiled the first
2686:12th Chief Directorate
2529:Radio-Technical Troops
2380:Armed Forces 1994–2010
1463:
1450:
1434:
1412:
1402:
1389:
1367:, small survey vessels
1361:, small survey vessels
1355:, small survey vessels
1349:, small survey vessels
1343:, small survey vessels
1337:, small survey vessels
1295:, large survey vessels
1090:
850:to be put on the map.
781:
770:
762:
743:
735:
727:
719:
487:
476:
457:
323:
313:
250:
196:
189:Osinovetsky Lighthouse
2734:Air Forces' equipment
2671:Military Band Service
2335:Arctic Ocean Flotilla
1458:
1442:
1426:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1255:Oceanographic vessels
1088:
1001:(1922–1925), 1st term
776:
768:
749:
741:
733:
725:
709:
578:Pilotage instructions
482:
463:
455:
319:
311:
248:
234:Safety of Life at Sea
186:
1940:Russian Armed Forces
1767:Geographical Journal
1502:Russian lightvessels
1275:Admiral Vladimirskiy
1198:Hydrographic vessels
791:Konstantin Neupokoev
714:on hydrographic and
677:Konstantin Mikhailov
434:From 1842 to 1852 –
427:From 1835 to 1837 –
420:From 1807 to 1827 –
341:Chief of Naval Staff
295:, as well as of the
205:Russian Armed Forces
142:hydrographic surveys
2633:Ministry of Defence
2630:Departments in the
2507:Long-Range Aviation
1968:Ministry of Defence
1963:Minister of Defence
1954:President of Russia
1779:1975GeogJ.141...59B
1743:Alfred S. McLaren,
1545:Ministry of Defence
1517:Stone of Tmutarakan
1359:Alex Maryshev class
1265:Vladimir Kavrayskiy
1126:Russian Navy Ensign
1093:In the wake of the
1068:Arkady Mikhailovsky
862:Great Patriotic War
718:vessels (1924–1935)
321:Alexander Menshikov
138:hydrographic office
93:Ministry of Defence
18:
2603:Logistical Support
2347:Kamchatka Flotilla
2308:Fleets of the Navy
2150:Military districts
2085:Awards and emblems
1892:2015-06-06 at the
1850:2008-09-26 at the
1685:2010-10-16 at the
1628:2008-08-20 at the
1507:Northern Sea Route
1464:
1451:
1435:
1413:
1403:
1390:
1167:Alexander Shemetov
1155:Anatoly Komaritsyn
1113:in November 1995.
1099:Russian Federation
1091:
958:In 1972, owing to
786:Russian Revolution
782:
771:
763:
744:
736:
728:
720:
712:commanding officer
683:Yakov Gilterbrandt
648:Boris A. Vilkitsky
526:sailing directions
488:
484:Yakov Gilterbrandt
477:
458:
413:Notice to Mariners
324:
314:
251:
197:
56:Russian Federation
16:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2772:Naval Cadet Corps
2625:
2624:
2564:
2563:
2537:
2536:
2488:
2487:
2444:
2443:
2303:
2302:
2130:Conscription laws
2075:
2074:
2028:
2027:
1706:978-5-02-035761-7
1468:
1467:
1417:
1416:
1118:hammer and sickle
1107:Pereyaslav (U512)
1062:Anatoliy Rassokho
1056:Valentin Chekurov
945:bottom topography
939:off the coast of
844:Nikolay Urvantsev
836:Northeast Passage
753:on hydrographic,
329:Leontiy Spafaryev
116:
115:
2887:
2757:
2756:
2753:Military academy
2599:
2598:
2539:
2538:
2494:Aerospace Forces
2490:
2489:
2468:Commando Frogmen
2446:
2445:
2393:
2392:
2241:Saint Petersburg
2155:
2154:
2110:Defense industry
2093:Saint Petersburg
2037:
2036:
1998:
1997:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1842:
1836:
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1824:
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1533:
1419:
1418:
1377:
1376:
1193:Types of vessels
1142:Franz Josef Land
1103:Soviet Lithuania
1044:Vladimir Tributs
1026:Nikolai Gorbunov
1005:Mikhail Viktorov
823:Severnaya Zemlya
778:Alexander Varnek
689:Andrey Vilkitsky
599:weather stations
537:electric beacons
221:Hydrometeorology
131:
130:
72:Agency executive
31:
19:
15:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2824:
2791:
2748:
2717:
2702:Krasnaya Zvezda
2635:
2631:
2621:
2597:
2584:Airborne Forces
2573:
2560:
2533:
2484:
2440:
2384:
2353:
2299:
2197:
2144:
2071:
2024:
1996:
1942:
1937:
1894:Wayback Machine
1873:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1852:Wayback Machine
1843:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1806:
1802:
1787:10.2307/1796946
1763:
1759:
1742:
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1696:
1692:
1687:Wayback Machine
1678:
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1630:Wayback Machine
1618:
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1200:
1195:
1182:
1083:
1038:Mikhail Kulikov
1032:Iakov Lagushkin
1020:Vasily Vasilyev
987:Eugene Byalokoz
949:physical fields
917:magnetic fields
881:nuclear weapons
864:(1941–1945), a
704:
613:signal stations
541:rescue stations
516:Preparation of
450:
402:
345:A. S. Menshikov
306:
278:Admiralty Board
274:General admiral
264:At the time of
262:
256:
243:
181:
158:Peter the Great
146:nautical charts
144:and publishing
112:
95:
84:
39:Agency overview
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5:
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2543:Special Forces
2535:
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2498:
2496:
2486:
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2477:
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2470:
2465:
2458:Coastal Troops
2454:
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2442:
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2439:
2438:
2433:
2431:NBC Protection
2428:
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2179:North Caucasus
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2034:
2030:
2029:
2026:
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2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
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1935:
1928:
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1913:
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1901:
1896:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1871:External links
1869:
1867:
1866:
1855:
1837:
1825:
1818:
1800:
1757:
1753:978-0817316020
1736:
1710:
1698:Синюков, В. В.
1690:
1669:
1655:
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1620:Igor Alexeev,
1612:
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1452:
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1428:Northern Fleet
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1365:V19910 Project
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1286:Survey vessels
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1111:Ukrainian Navy
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840:Georgy Ushakov
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619:, Bogdanovka,
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387:T. F. Veselago
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285:Alexey Nagayev
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166:naval officers
126:(Russian:
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47:November 1777
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2855:Russian Navy
2700:
2519:Space Forces
2479:
2057:Bases abroad
1858:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1809:
1803:
1773:(1): 59–71.
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1727:. Retrieved
1722:
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1615:
1606:
1593:. Retrieved
1585:
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1548:. Retrieved
1540:
1531:
1444:Baklan class
1323:
1205:1896 Project
1187:Kruzenshtern
1183:
1146:
1130:
1115:
1092:
1074:Yuri Zheglov
993:Pavel Messer
981:
957:
911:, including
905:
899:reflectors,
889:Arctic Ocean
878:
859:
852:
822:
817:
806:
797:
795:
783:
757:vessels and
710:Flag of the
671:
645:Rear Admiral
634:
572:
508:
504:
497:Vice Admiral
489:
467:
441:
435:
428:
421:
410:
403:
400:Publications
395:(1892–1898).
349:
333:
325:
282:
263:
198:
170:
162:Russian Navy
150:
123:
119:
117:
103:Child agency
97:Russian Navy
62:Headquarters
52:Jurisdiction
2880:Soviet Navy
2767:Cadet Corps
2578:Independent
2480:Hydrography
2436:Topographic
2406:Air Defence
2293:Severomorsk
2189:Far Eastern
1432:Severomorsk
1347:872 Project
1341:871 Project
1335:870 Project
1330:865 Project
1320:862 Project
1309:860 Project
1293:Ocean class
1271:852 Project
1261:Project 97B
1235:727 Project
1229:382 Project
1217:Yaroslavets
1169:(2010–2013)
1163:(2006–2010)
1157:(1994–2006)
1105:became the
1076:(1988–1994)
1070:(1985–1988)
1064:(1963–1985)
1058:(1958–1963)
1052:(1952–1958)
1046:(1949–1952)
1040:(1947–1948)
1034:(1939–1947)
1028:(1937–1939)
1022:(1932–1937)
1016:(1928–1932)
1007:(1925–1926)
995:(1920–1922)
989:(1917–1919)
802:Arkhangelsk
780:(1858–1930)
697:(1913–1917)
691:(1907–1913)
685:(1903–1907)
679:(1898–1903)
652:icebreakers
549:day beacons
533:lighthouses
500:R. Bazhenov
493:lighthouses
486:(1842–1915)
472:(1898) off
469:Nekmangrund
424:(13 pieces)
215:hydrography
2839:Categories
2777:Page Corps
2739:Navy ships
2280:Khabarovsk
2164:Volga–Ural
2120:War crimes
1947:Leadership
1723:newslab.ru
1524:References
1387:Gulf of Ob
1304:Nord class
1136:sailed to
941:Antarctica
909:geophysics
891:under the
866:Task Force
759:lightships
751:Stern flag
440:1854–83 –
409:In 1801 –
297:Baltic Sea
293:Bering Sea
258:See also:
254:Background
211:Navigation
2722:Equipment
2502:Air Force
2370:Air Force
2320:Black Sea
2228:Leningrad
2222:Leningrad
1729:12 August
1595:20 August
1586:Структура
1550:22 August
1541:Структура
1448:Astrakhan
1299:Kamchadal
893:ice cover
855:flotillas
827:Presidium
643:, led by
592:Kronstadt
465:Lightship
431:(5 parts)
383:(1874–81)
377:(1859–74)
371:(1855–59)
365:(1854–55)
358:(1837–54)
191:near the
154:surveying
2760:Previous
2475:Aviation
2463:Infantry
2416:Engineer
2389:Services
2330:Northern
2287:Northern
2248:Southern
2184:Siberian
2158:Previous
2125:Uniforms
2052:Doctrine
2040:Military
1956:as
1890:Archived
1848:Archived
1755:, p. 130
1683:Archived
1626:Archived
1512:Spy ship
1471:See also
1223:Flamingo
1122:red star
1120:and the
967:and the
960:Cold War
921:Atlantic
813:Red Army
625:Adzhigol
621:Parutino
617:Nikolaev
586:Nikolaev
567:logbooks
417:(1 vol.)
2796:Current
2617:Railway
2342:Pacific
2325:Caspian
2274:Eastern
2261:Central
2235:Western
2202:Current
2140:Culture
2047:History
2033:General
1795:1796946
1775:Bibcode
1180:Vessels
1175:(2013–)
925:Pacific
913:gravity
872:by the
829:of the
825:by the
761:(1935–)
667:Eurasia
663:Siberia
655:Vaigach
637:compass
629:Ochakov
522:atlases
474:Hiiumaa
343:Prince
291:of the
270:decrees
266:Peter I
241:History
226:Surveys
2605:troops
2421:Signal
2399:troops
2315:Baltic
2215:Moscow
2209:Moscow
2098:Moscow
2062:Budget
1816:
1793:
1751:
1704:
1324:Senezh
1211:Baklan
977:UNESCO
933:Arctic
929:Indian
870:Moscow
659:Taimyr
545:towers
389:(1881)
361:Baron
134:Russia
132:), is
44:Formed
2168:Volga
2135:Women
2067:Bands
1791:JSTOR
1247:Drofa
1241:Kaira
897:radar
848:Earth
755:pilot
716:pilot
553:buoys
289:atlas
79:Capt.
2636:and
2612:Road
2450:Navy
2426:Tank
2375:Navy
2291:HQ:
2278:HQ:
2265:HQ:
2252:HQ:
2239:HQ:
2226:HQ:
2213:HQ:
2173:Ural
1814:ISBN
1749:ISBN
1731:2015
1702:ISBN
1597:2016
1552:2016
915:and
842:and
809:USSR
798:Ubek
657:and
627:and
611:The
604:The
597:The
580:and
518:maps
213:and
193:Neva
187:The
118:The
1783:doi
1771:141
1140:in
975:of
650:on
615:in
136:'s
2841::
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1672:^
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1932:e
1925:t
1918:v
1822:.
1797:.
1785::
1777::
1733:.
1599:.
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1326:.
631:.
415:"
411:"
217:.
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