245:
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794:
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782:
163:
40:
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the formation of a new party named BERJAYA with Harris Salleh, former dissident vice-president of USNO as its founder. The federal government also persuaded Fuad
Stephens, the governor of Sabah at that time, to resign from the governorship and join Harris in fighting against USNO. Both BERJAYA and USNO were within the
951:
On 23 April 1975, Mustapha Harun, chief minister of Sabah from the USNO party, announced a memorandum named "The Future
Position of Sabah in Malaysia" where he argued that Sabah would be economically better if Sabah exists as an independent country. Malaysia's federal government decided to sponsor
2717:
892:
BERJAYA governed the state of Sabah for 8 years from 1976 to 1985 after it won the 1976 state election and ousted USNO, Fuad was installed as Sabah's fifth Chief
Minister, his second time holding the post. He replaced
1453:
1431:
1420:
2559:
2609:
2574:
885:(UPKO). Stephens became the fifth Chief Minister after BERJAYA won the 1976 state election in April but died in June the same year, being succeeded by Salleh. The party had been a partner of
2579:
2138:
2434:
2163:
2599:
2569:
2544:
2424:
2173:
2629:
2614:
1473:
Hamdan Aziz (Ph.D) & Syahrin Said, Department of
Nationhood and Civilization Studies, Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
1465:
2198:
2183:
2118:
652:
2554:
2429:
1442:
2589:
2419:
2158:
2549:
2178:
2464:
303:
1606:
2564:
956:(BN) governing coalition at the federal level but BERJAYA became the opposition at the state level, opposing USNO. The rivalry of the two parties ended in
515:
1324:
422:
1584:
2792:
912:
In the 1981 state election, BERJAYA again won, this time with an overwhelming majority. They won 44 out of 48 seats contested. In 1984, party member
2644:
2500:
2787:
2507:
2469:
834:
927:
In the 1990 state election, BERJAYA's support has evidently dwindled as they failed to win a single seat in the election and it was ousted by
2268:
2103:
430:
484:
1386:
Sin, Fong Han (April 1979). "A Constitutional Coup D'Etat: An
Analysis of the Birth and Victory of the Berjaya Party in Sabah, Malaysia".
2782:
2772:
2324:
1599:
909:, who was the Minister of Local Government and Housing. Harris then took over his post, becoming the sixth Chief Minister of Sabah.
2777:
2379:
2123:
2058:
1963:
1679:
1644:
882:
648:
1745:
1906:
807:
1996:
1622:
667:
612:
577:
564:
178:
2639:
2414:
2148:
2143:
2063:
1837:
1669:
1592:
2263:
2012:
1968:
1945:
1697:
936:
370:
2594:
2539:
2409:
2369:
2243:
2068:
1614:
866:
827:
110:
2654:
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1991:
1806:
2529:
2519:
2439:
2404:
2053:
2027:
1896:
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1249:
1121:
1037:
979:
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556:
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2188:
2153:
2078:
2032:
1911:
1816:
1702:
1466:"The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Sabah, East Malaysia: An Overview 1990-1994 International"
1365:
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327:
200:
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2624:
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1788:
662:
1344:
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2017:
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387:
354:
330:
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2649:
2359:
1763:
1712:
1283:
1205:
1163:
921:
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405:
362:
2718:
List of the winning political parties in the
Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency
2604:
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2389:
2319:
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2113:
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1832:
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1707:
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259:
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17:
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2168:
2098:
1811:
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878:
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857:
is more commonly known by its abbreviation BERJAYA, was a political party based in the state of
244:
2669:
2514:
2474:
2339:
2314:
2273:
2088:
1852:
1722:
913:
623:
601:
467:
433:
295:
280:
236:
897:
of USNO. However, barely 44 days after becoming Chief
Minister, Fuad died in a plane crash in
2684:
2524:
2108:
2048:
1955:
1842:
1755:
1523:
906:
753:
691:
686:
606:
552:
529:
504:
446:
183:
2707:
2384:
2133:
1740:
894:
718:
701:
267:
210:
173:
8:
2619:
1901:
1874:
932:
917:
397:
1508:"Domination, Contestation, and Accommodation: 54 Years of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia"
2288:
2083:
1937:
1921:
1798:
1768:
1403:
928:
902:
760:
741:
596:
1475:. Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 12. 2017.
2128:
1978:
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1689:
1563:
1511:
1395:
1238:
1196:
1154:
1112:
1070:
953:
931:(PBS). The party then effected a merger with USNO to form the Sabah chapter of the
886:
586:
251:
146:
943:
became Sabah UMNO's first president, while Harris became an adviser to the party.
2756:
2744:
2712:
1656:
889:(BN), the then ruling coalition of Malaysia since its inception on 15 July 1975.
798:
786:
747:
591:
373:
311:
2293:
2283:
940:
851:
2766:
2309:
1480:
898:
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870:
723:
408:
365:
132:
84:
2334:
2248:
1640:
1636:
974:
728:
707:
357:
346:
319:
224:
79:
1515:
905:. Along with him, several other state ministers also perished, including
288:
2751:
1507:
793:
1551:
1407:
120:
1875:
Parties without representation in the
Parliament and State Assemblies
162:
39:
1567:
1399:
1617:
862:
338:
858:
136:
1454:
Malaysia - Pilihan Raya - Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah ( 1990 )
1443:
Malaysia - Pilihan Raya - Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah ( 1985 )
1432:
Malaysia - Pilihan Raya - Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah ( 1981 )
1421:
Malaysia - Pilihan Raya - Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah ( 1976 )
1552:"The Sabah State Election of 1994: End of Kadazan Unity"
1510:. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University.
920:(PBS). This newly formed party defeated BERJAYA in the
2470:
2104:
Sabah
National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)
497:
High Court in Malaya ∙ High Court in Sabah and Sarawak
2728:
2149:
Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)
2645:
United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)
2610:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)
2226:
2764:
1964:United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)
1325:Category:Sabah People's United Front politicians
2380:United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)
2325:Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)
1680:United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)
2144:Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)
960:when BERJAYA emerged victorious against USNO.
16:"Berjaya" redirects here. For other uses, see
2560:Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)
2023:Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)
1600:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1385:
828:
2124:Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)
2059:Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)
1997:Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)
1907:All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)
2530:Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)
2415:Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)
1838:Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)
1807:Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)
2535:Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)
2244:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)
2139:Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)
1698:United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
1607:
1593:
1494:
835:
821:
161:
38:
2600:Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)
2575:United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)
2370:United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)
2330:Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)
2069:Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)
2054:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
2028:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
1992:Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)
1731:United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)
1543:
2793:Political parties disestablished in 1991
2655:Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)
2375:United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)
2355:Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)
2189:Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)
1897:Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)
1505:
883:United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation
2640:Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)
2580:Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)
2520:North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)
2440:Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)
2194:Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)
2164:Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)
1817:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)
347:House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)
2765:
2625:Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)
2595:Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)
2445:Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)
2074:Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)
1946:Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)
2788:Political parties established in 1976
2615:Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)
2545:Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)
2455:Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)
2405:Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)
2350:Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)
2264:Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)
2225:
2154:Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)
1987:Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)
1873:
1848:Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)
1633:
1588:
613:List of political parties in Malaysia
2585:United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)
2435:Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)
2320:Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)
2303:Defunct former parliamentary parties
1912:Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)
1764:Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)
1736:Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)
1549:
2550:Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)
2425:National Association of Perak (NAP)
2119:Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)
1928:Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)
1703:Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
1379:
1366:"Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah"
1311:No representation in State Assembly
963:
937:United Malays National Organisation
13:
2783:1991 disestablishments in Malaysia
2773:Defunct political parties in Sabah
2660:Community Coalition Congress (CCC)
2630:Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)
2570:United People's Party (1976) (UPP)
2491:Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)
2450:Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)
2206:Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)
2199:Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)
2094:Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)
2041:Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)
1892:Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)
1746:Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)
867:United Sabah National Organisation
223:
14:
2804:
2605:Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)
2395:Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)
2134:Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)
2114:Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)
2079:Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)
2018:Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)
1713:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
1115:, contested under Berjaya ticket)
855:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah
50:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah
2750:
2738:
2703:* denotes non-registered parties
2680:Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)
2650:Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)
2360:Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)
2033:People's Alternative Party (PAP)
1789:Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)
1774:Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)
1616:
1305:
1304:
1271:
1270:
1227:
1226:
1185:
1184:
1143:
1142:
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1100:
1059:
1058:
1025:
1024:
792:
780:
536:
513:Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak
337:
310:
287:
243:
2778:1976 establishments in Malaysia
2590:Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)
2555:Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)
2390:Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)
2345:National Convention Party (NCP)
2013:Malaysian Indian People’s Party
1917:Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)
1708:Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)
1277:No representation in Parliament
865:. BERJAYA was formed by former
545:Election Commission of Malaysia
23:Political party in Malaysia
2279:Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)
2159:Malaysian National Party (PNM)
1969:Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
1784:Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)
1458:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1358:
1337:
1:
2540:Social Democratic Party (SDP)
2515:Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)
2496:Malayan Communist Party (MCP)
2410:United Democratic Party (UDP)
2400:People's Justice Front (AKAR)
2315:Sarawak National Party (SNAP)
2227:Defunct parties and coalition
2179:Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)
2169:Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)
2109:Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)
2099:Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)
2064:People's Welfare Party (KITA)
1812:Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)
1675:National Trust Party (AMANAH)
1665:Democratic Action Party (DAP)
1623:Political parties in Malaysia
1330:
939:(UMNO). USNO's president Tun
901:on 6 June 1976, known as the
642:Chief ministers of the states
2670:Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)
2475:Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)
2460:Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)
2420:Muslim League of Malaya (ML)
2385:Sabah National Party (SANAP)
2340:Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)
2203:Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)
2174:People First Party (URPARTI)
2089:Malaysian United Party (MUP)
1723:Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)
1670:People's Justice Party (PKR)
1550:Chin, James (October 1994).
881:as well as president of the
65:Shābā rénmín liánhé zhènxiàn
7:
2685:Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)
2525:Selangor Labour Party (SLP)
2465:Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)
2049:Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)
2045:Socialist Alternative (SA)*
1956:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
1885:Friends of Barisan Nasional
1843:Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)
1756:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
1635:Parties represented in the
1318:
1149:Federal governing coalition
1065:Federal governing coalition
907:Datuk Peter Joinod Mojuntin
848:Sabah People's United Front
488:Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim
331:Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah
31:Sabah People's United Front
10:
2809:
2665:Sabah People's Front (SPF)
2635:Sabah People's Party (PRS)
2184:Barisan Penyatuan Nasional
2037:Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)
1922:Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)
1741:Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)
946:
877:, who served as the first
52:ڤرتي برساتو رعيت جلتا سابه
15:
2701:
2620:Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)
2565:Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)
2483:
2302:
2236:
2232:
2221:
2005:
1977:
1954:
1936:
1902:Love Malaysia Party (PCM)
1884:
1880:
1869:
1825:
1797:
1754:
1721:
1688:
1655:
1651:
1629:
1506:S. Hazis, Faisal (2018).
983:
978:
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958:1976 Sabah state election
869:(USNO) secretary-general
169:
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126:
116:
106:
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78:
70:
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46:
37:
28:
2675:Human Rights Party (HRP)
2084:Penang Front Party (PFP)
1833:Heritage Party (WARISAN)
1769:United Sabah Party (PBS)
873:who was later joined by
371:Leader of the Opposition
363:Leader of the Government
199:This article is part of
18:Berjaya (disambiguation)
2430:Radical Party (RADICAL)
2335:National Party (Negara)
2289:Barisan Alternatif (BA)
2129:Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)
1979:Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)
1938:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
1799:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
916:left the party to form
879:Chief Minister of Sabah
681:Ideologies and concepts
1779:Love Sabah Party (PCS)
1531:Cite journal requires
1233:Sabah state opposition
1191:Sabah state opposition
1107:Sabah state government
1031:Sabah state government
914:Joseph Pairin Kitingan
468:Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat
434:Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar
296:Parliament of Malaysia
228:
2501:Revolutionary Faction
2484:Other defunct parties
1690:Barisan Nasional (BN)
1516:10.20495/seas.7.3_341
505:Chief Judge of Malaya
320:Senate (Dewan Negara)
252:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
227:
2708:Politics of Malaysia
2274:Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)
2254:Socialist Front (SF)
1657:Pakatan Harapan (PH)
1490:– via HR Mars.
980:Sabah State Assembly
895:Mohammad Said Keruak
268:Conference of Rulers
174:Politics of Malaysia
143:National affiliation
2294:Pakatan Rakyat (PR)
2284:Gagasan Rakyat (GR)
2259:Alliance Party (AP)
975:Malaysia Parliament
922:1985 state election
918:Parti Bersatu Sabah
799:Politics portal
787:Malaysia portal
565:Electoral districts
2310:Malayan Party (MP)
2237:Defunct coalitions
929:United Sabah Party
903:Double Six Tragedy
761:Malaysian Malaysia
742:Dayaks in politics
649:State legislatures
516:Abdul Rahman Sebli
229:
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2249:Labour Front (LF)
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736:Race and politics
714:Malay nationalism
663:Local governments
634:State governments
579:Political parties
553:General elections
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192:
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179:Political parties
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1197:Barisan Nasional
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1155:Barisan Nasional
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1113:Barisan Nasional
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1071:Barisan Nasional
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964:Election results
954:Barisan Nasional
887:Barisan Nasional
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130:Sinsuran Complex
117:Merged into
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1223:
1220:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1178:
1152:
1151:
1133:
1130:
1110:
1109:
1097:
1094:
1068:
1067:
1049:
1046:
1021:
1018:
966:
949:
841:
812:
808:Other countries
803:
791:
781:
779:
771:
770:
766:Social contract
748:Ketuanan Melayu
733:
682:
674:
673:
658:
628:
624:
616:
615:
611:
582:
578:
570:
569:
561:
534:
530:
522:
521:
520:
492:
477:Court of Appeal
472:
451:
447:
439:
438:
431:Chief Secretary
413:
392:
388:
380:
379:
378:
374:Hamzah Zainudin
335:
308:
304:15th Parliament
285:
281:
273:
272:
264:
241:
237:
215:
211:
198:
188:
149:
131:
107:Split from
63:
61:
51:
33:
32:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2806:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1627:
1626:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1542:
1533:|journal=
1493:
1457:
1446:
1435:
1424:
1413:
1394:(4): 379–389.
1378:
1357:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1244:Snap election
1224:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
990:
986:
985:
982:
977:
972:
971:Election year
965:
962:
948:
945:
941:Mustapha Harun
843:
842:
840:
839:
832:
825:
817:
814:
813:
811:
810:
804:
802:
801:
789:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
763:
758:
751:
744:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
704:
699:
694:
689:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
657:
656:
645:
644:
638:
637:
629:
622:
621:
618:
617:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
583:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
560:
559:
549:
548:
535:
528:
527:
524:
523:
519:
518:
510:
501:
500:
491:
490:
481:
480:
471:
470:
461:
460:
452:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
427:
426:
412:
411:
406:Prime Minister
402:
401:
393:
386:
385:
382:
381:
377:
376:
368:
360:
351:
350:
334:
333:
324:
323:
307:
306:
300:
299:
286:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
263:
262:
256:
255:
242:
235:
234:
231:
230:
220:
219:
207:
206:
190:
189:
187:
186:
181:
176:
170:
167:
166:
158:
157:
153:
152:
144:
140:
139:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
30:
29:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2805:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Barisan Sabah
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2220:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:Other parties
2004:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:Other parties
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
981:
976:
969:
961:
959:
955:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
899:Kota Kinabalu
896:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:Fuad Stephens
872:
871:Harris Salleh
868:
864:
860:
856:
853:
849:
838:
833:
831:
826:
824:
819:
818:
816:
815:
809:
806:
805:
800:
795:
790:
788:
778:
777:
775:
774:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:
752:
750:
749:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
737:
730:
727:
725:
724:Islam Hadhari
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
709:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
678:
677:
669:
665:
664:
660:
659:
654:
650:
647:
646:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
631:
630:
627:
620:
619:
614:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:
574:
573:
566:
563:
562:
558:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
542:
541:
539:
533:
526:
525:
517:
514:
511:
509:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
494:
493:
489:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
474:
473:
469:
466:
465:Chief Justice
463:
462:
459:
458:
457:Federal Court
454:
453:
450:
443:
442:
435:
432:
429:
428:
424:
420:
419:
418:Civil service
415:
414:
410:
409:Anwar Ibrahim
407:
404:
403:
400:
399:
395:
394:
391:
384:
383:
375:
372:
369:
367:
366:Anwar Ibrahim
364:
361:
359:
356:
353:
352:
349:
348:
344:
343:
342:
340:
332:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
317:
316:
315:
313:
305:
302:
301:
298:
297:
293:
292:
290:
284:
277:
276:
269:
266:
265:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
249:
248:
246:
240:
238:Head of State
233:
232:
226:
222:
221:
218:
209:
208:
205:
202:
196:
195:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
168:
164:
159:
154:
148:
145:
141:
138:
134:
133:Kota Kinabalu
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
85:Harris Salleh
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
59:
55:
49:
45:
41:
36:
27:
19:
2505:
2498:
2349:
1641:Dewan Rakyat
1637:Dewan Negara
1571:. Retrieved
1559:
1556:Asian Survey
1555:
1545:
1524:cite journal
1486:25 September
1484:. Retrieved
1472:
1460:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1391:
1388:Asian Survey
1387:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1339:
1310:
1276:
1232:
1190:
1148:
1106:
1064:
1030:
950:
926:
911:
891:
854:
847:
846:
754:
746:
735:
734:
729:Asian values
708:Rukun Negara
706:
697:Conservatism
661:
632:
543:
507:
495:
475:
455:
416:
396:
358:Johari Abdul
345:
336:
318:
309:
294:
250:
197:
127:Headquarters
94:15 July 1975
71:Abbreviation
64:
57:Chinese name
1853:Independent
1350:28 November
995:Candidates
989:Candidates
282:Legislature
213:Politics of
150:(1976-1986)
2767:Categories
1345:"UPKO/PDS"
1331:References
1275:10 seats;
1189:38 seats;
1105:16 seats;
1029:28 seats;
998:Seats won
992:Seats won
933:Peninsular
755:Bumiputera
625:Federalism
156:Party flag
121:UMNO Sabah
47:Malay name
1481:2222-6990
1309:1 seats;
1231:5 seats;
1063:9 seats;
719:Reformasi
692:Communism
687:Anarchism
531:Elections
485:President
448:Judiciary
389:Executive
328:President
184:Elections
99:Dissolved
2757:Politics
2745:Malaysia
1371:25 March
1319:See also
1147:1 seat;
1131:10 / 154
984:Outcome
863:Malaysia
702:Feminism
423:agencies
216:Malaysia
201:a series
62:沙巴人民联合阵线
60:沙巴人民聯合陣綫
2731:Portals
1643:and/or
1573:8 April
1408:2643858
1259:0 / 177
1095:44 / 48
1047:9 / 154
1019:28 / 48
947:History
935:-based
653:members
398:Cabinet
355:Speaker
91:Founded
74:BERJAYA
1479:
1406:
1299:0 / 48
1221:1 / 48
1179:6 / 48
850:or in
508:Vacant
203:on the
80:Leader
1469:(PDF)
1404:JSTOR
859:Sabah
852:Malay
137:Sabah
1575:2023
1537:help
1488:2021
1477:ISSN
1373:2020
1352:2019
1284:1990
1250:1986
1206:1986
1164:1985
1122:1982
1080:1981
1038:1978
1004:1976
668:list
557:2022
111:USNO
102:1991
1564:doi
1512:doi
1396:doi
1294:48
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