37:
297:
origin. The proponents of this theory argue that it "corresponds better with geography and world trade history" given the
Eurasian land bridge. Since then, genomic analyses from South America strains have shown reduced genetic diversity suggesting a biogeographical radiation point from Patagonia.
1013:
335:
located in
Patagonia, Patagonia A and Patagonia B/Holarctic. "These are the closest known wild relatives of the Lager yeasts", comparing sub-genomes, the wild strains are 99.82% and 99.72% identical respectively.
838:
Gibson BR, StorgÄrds E, Krogerus K, Vidgren V (July 2013). "Comparative physiology and fermentation performance of Saaz and
Frohberg lager yeast strains and the parental species Saccharomyces eubayanus".
1001:
339:
Lager yeasts consist of two distinct lineages, said to have been hybridized from independent events 1000 years ago. Type one, called Saaz contains the
371:
is said to provide the bottom-fermentation and cold temperature genetics that distinguish this ssp. from the top-brewing and bread making relative S.
1112:
1086:
540:
1004:("The brewery Heineken bought the patent of a Patagonian yeast from CONICET. "), on: Info blanco sobre negro, Argentinia.
562:
1117:
1173:
931:
Gorter de Vries AR, Voskamp MA, van Aalst AC, Kristensen LH, Jansen L, van den Broek M, et al. (2019-03-29).
1168:
281:
spp. With discoveries in other parts of the world shortly after in east Asia, the South
American origins of S.
36:
351:
genome. The second type, Frohberg, houses allotetraploid strains with one full diploid genome copy of S.
791:"Reconstruction of the genome origins and evolution of the hybrid lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus"
1127:
1078:
305:
from soil samples in
Ireland. Further isolations from different locations in Europe can be expected.
169:
221:
1178:
583:
Libkind D, Hittinger CT, Valério E, Gonçalves C, Dover J, Johnston M, et al. (August 2011).
518:
1163:
1028:
585:"Microbe domestication and the identification of the wild genetic stock of lager-brewing yeast"
742:"The Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces eubayanus and the Domestication of Lager-Brewing Yeasts"
686:
Bergin SA, Allen S, Hession C, à Cinnéide E, Ryan A, Byrne KP, et al. (7 December 2022).
740:
Baker E, Wang B, Bellora N, Peris D, Hulfachor AB, Koshalek JA, et al. (November 2015).
313:
236:
131:
1140:
417:
was successful in creating novel lager brewing yeasts. However hybrid genomes can result in
650:
391:
8:
328:
320:
forests, Saccharomyces species with thermo-tolerance are suggested to be derived traits.
654:
967:
932:
908:
883:
864:
815:
790:
766:
741:
712:
688:"Identification of European isolates of the lager yeast parent Saccharomyces eubayanus"
687:
611:
584:
491:
464:
418:
193:
98:
31:
147:
J.P. Samp., Libkind, Hittinger, P. Gonç., E. Valério, C. Gonç., Dover & M. Johnst.
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989:
972:
913:
856:
820:
771:
717:
668:
616:
496:
383:
88:
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which "is not found outside the brewing environment". Upon the 2011 discovery of S.
1065:
962:
952:
903:
895:
848:
810:
802:
761:
753:
707:
699:
658:
606:
596:
486:
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406:
465:"Microbe Profile: Saccharomyces eubayanus, the missing link to lager beer yeasts"
294:
78:
1073:
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
382:
genome yielded 5,515 protein-coding genes, 4,993 of which were unambiguous 1:1
899:
663:
638:
363:
parent, are much more efficient at growing in low temperatures, reflecting S.
1157:
1002:
La cervecera
Heineken comprĂł al CONICET la patente de una levadura patagĂłnica
957:
703:
290:
108:
757:
601:
976:
917:
860:
824:
775:
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672:
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500:
316:
in the
Saccharomyces genus, and well-adjusted to the cooler environment of
806:
930:
481:
1091:
340:
301:
In 2022, a researcher team from the
University College Dublin isolated
271:
68:
1104:
852:
266:
189:
48:
1022:
1099:
1045:
359:. Saaz strains, which are more physiologically similar to their S.
286:
277:
884:"New lager yeast strains generated by interspecific hybridization"
275:
spp. (Southern Beech) forests and the parasitic biotrophic fungi
201:
197:
582:
181:
58:
881:
837:
164:
160:
685:
177:
639:"Evidence for a Far East Asian origin of lager beer yeast"
184:
and fermented at low temperatures, originally in
Bavaria.
882:
Krogerus K, MagalhĂŁes F, Vidgren V, Gibson B (May 2015).
212:
With the emergence of lager beer in the XVth century, S.
519:"'Missing' Lager Brewing Yeast Discovered in Patagonia"
888:
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology
739:
637:
Bing J, Han PJ, Liu WQ, Wang QM, Bai FY (May 2014).
331:
analyses have identified two main populations of S.
246:in Argentina and consequential genome analysis, S.
231:ancestor has been contentiously debated between S.
1014:HEINEKEN introduces H41 âWild Lagerâ, by Heineken
1155:
941:Hybrid Under Simulated Lager-Brewing Conditions"
250:was found to be 99% genetically identical to S.
541:"Lager's Mystery Yeast Discovered in Argentina"
636:
788:
1016:, 6 Apr 2017. WebArchive as of 26 Oct 2020
632:
630:
576:
216:was considered to be the progenitor of S.
966:
956:
907:
814:
765:
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662:
610:
600:
490:
480:
159:, a cryotolerant (cold tolerant) type of
560:
627:
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1156:
563:"Lager beer and phylogenetic networks"
1027:
1026:
516:
1128:4d8e469f-ac2c-4fea-8dd5-33613efda7b0
735:
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512:
510:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
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428:was used itself to brew lager beer.
789:Dunn B, Sherlock G (October 2008).
163:, is most likely the parent of the
13:
538:
14:
1190:
728:
507:
438:
347:genome and two copies of the S.
343:strains with one copy of the S.
35:
1007:
995:
983:
924:
875:
831:
746:Molecular Biology and Evolution
269:, ecologically associated with
196:, and is capable of fermenting
192:, possibly being an example of
782:
679:
554:
532:
367:' cryotolerant properties. S.
258:was dismissed as an ancestor.
200:, along with the disaccharide
1:
463:Sampaio JP (September 2018).
431:
378:A de novo assembly of the S.
261:First described in 2011, S.
7:
933:"Laboratory Evolution of a
407:interspecific hybridization
323:
10:
1195:
517:Welsh J (22 August 2011).
207:
1035:
900:10.1007/s10295-015-1597-6
664:10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.031
561:Morrison D (2014-05-07).
293:evidence that suggests a
204:at reduced temperatures.
170:Saccharomyces pastorianus
137:
130:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
958:10.3389/fgene.2019.00242
935:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
285:have been challenged by
265:was discovered in North
188:was first discovered in
1174:Fungi described in 2011
1037:Saccharomyces eubayanus
602:10.1073/pnas.1105430108
400:
303:Saccharomyces eubayanus
156:Saccharomyces eubayanus
141:Saccharomyces eubayanus
25:Saccharomyces eubayanus
1169:Yeasts used in brewing
704:10.1093/femsyr/foac053
945:Frontiers in Genetics
807:10.1101/gr.076075.108
758:10.1093/molbev/msv168
308:Phylogenetically, S.
227:. Since 1985 the non-
992:, on: Shanty Brewery
482:10.1099/mic.0.000677
421:in industrial uses.
180:created from malted
990:Heineken H41 Review
692:FEMS Yeast Research
655:2014CBio...24.R380B
595:(35): 14539â14544.
419:genetic instability
176:Lager is a type of
329:Population genomic
194:Columbian exchange
99:Saccharomycetaceae
1151:
1150:
1136:Open Tree of Life
1029:Taxon identifiers
801:(10): 1610â1623.
752:(11): 2818â2831.
649:(10): R380âR381.
521:. Livescience.com
152:
151:
123:S. eubayanus
89:Saccharomycetales
16:Species of fungus
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475:(9): 1069â1071.
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643:Current Biology
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543:. Dailytech.com
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167:brewing yeast,
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79:Saccharomycetes
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1179:Fungus species
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894:(5): 769â778.
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132:Binomial name
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110:Saccharomyces
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939:S. eubayanus
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566:. Retrieved
556:
545:. Retrieved
534:
523:. Retrieved
472:
469:Microbiology
468:
426:S. eubayanus
425:
423:
414:
410:
405:In 2015, an
404:
393:
387:
379:
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341:allotriploid
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291:phylogenetic
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186:S. eubayanus
185:
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155:
154:
153:
140:
138:
122:
121:
109:
24:
18:
252:pastorianus
220:along with
218:pastorianus
1158:Categories
568:29 October
547:2011-08-23
539:Kaiser T.
525:2011-08-23
432:References
411:cerevisiae
388:cerevisiae
373:cerevisiae
353:cerevisiae
345:cerevisiae
318:Nothofagus
272:Nothofagus
229:cerevisiae
224:cerevisiae
69:Ascomycota
65:Division:
424:In 2016,
415:eubayanus
384:orthologs
380:eubayanus
369:eubayanus
365:eubayanus
361:eubayanus
357:eubayanus
349:eubayanus
333:eubayanus
310:eubayanus
283:eubayanus
267:Patagonia
263:eubayanus
248:eubayanus
244:eubayanus
233:eubayanus
214:eubayanus
190:Patagonia
117:Species:
55:Kingdom:
49:Eukaryota
1100:MycoBank
1074:Fungorum
1052:Q2784012
1046:Wikidata
977:31001314
918:25682107
869:20823741
861:23695993
825:18787083
776:26269586
722:36473696
673:24845661
621:21873232
501:30175956
324:Genomics
278:Cyttaria
95:Family:
45:Domain:
1118:1080349
1092:8293394
968:6455053
951:: 242.
909:4412690
816:2556262
767:4651232
713:9726447
651:Bibcode
612:3167505
492:6230766
413:and S.
355:and S.
295:Tibetan
287:genomic
256:bayanus
254:and S.
239:bayanus
208:History
202:maltose
198:glucose
105:Genus:
85:Order:
75:Class:
1141:723144
1125:NZOR:
1105:560545
1079:560545
975:
965:
916:
906:
867:
859:
823:
813:
774:
764:
720:
710:
671:
619:
609:
499:
489:
409:of S.
394:uvarum
390:, and
386:to S.
235:, and
182:barley
1066:4TWDT
865:S2CID
841:Yeast
314:basal
165:lager
161:yeast
59:Fungi
1113:NCBI
1087:GBIF
973:PMID
914:PMID
857:PMID
821:PMID
772:PMID
718:PMID
669:PMID
617:PMID
570:2014
497:PMID
401:Uses
289:and
178:beer
1061:CoL
963:PMC
953:doi
904:PMC
896:doi
849:doi
811:PMC
803:doi
762:PMC
754:doi
708:PMC
700:doi
659:doi
607:PMC
597:doi
593:108
487:PMC
477:doi
473:164
392:S.
312:is
237:S.
222:S.
1160::
1138::
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1089::
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971:.
961:.
949:10
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937:Ă
912:.
902:.
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855:.
845:30
843:.
819:.
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799:18
797:.
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748:.
744:.
730:^
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647:24
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629:^
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509:^
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